搜档网
当前位置:搜档网 › 机械工程专业英语教程(第2版)[施平主编][翻译]_lesson19

机械工程专业英语教程(第2版)[施平主编][翻译]_lesson19

机械工程专业英语教程(第2版)[施平主编][翻译]_lesson19
机械工程专业英语教程(第2版)[施平主编][翻译]_lesson19

Gear Materials (Reading Material)

齿轮材料(阅读材料)

Gears are manufactured from a wide variety of materials, both metallic as well as nonmetallic.

齿轮由多种种类的材料制造,包括金属材料和非金属材料。

As is the case with all materials used in design, the material chosen for a particular gear should be the cheapest available that will ensure satisfactory performance.

在设计中可以使用多种材料的情况下,对于特定齿轮,应当做到选用满足使用要求下的最便宜的材料。Before a choice is made, the designer must decide which of several criteria is most important to the problem at hand.

在作出选择前,设计师必须决定在众多设计准则中哪个是当前最重要的。

If high strength is the prime consideration, a steel should usually be chosen rather than cast iron.

如果高强度是第一要考虑的因素,通常就选择钢材而不选择铸铁。

If wear resistance is the most important consideration, a can be made, for problems involving noise reduction, nonmetallic. Materials perform better than metallic ones.

如果耐磨性是最重要的因素,可以选用非金属材料要比金属材料更好,同时也可以解决降低噪声的问题。However, as is true in most design problems, the final choice of a material is usually a compromise.

然而,在大部分实际设计问题中,对材料的最终决定往往是一个折衷的方案。

In other words, the material chosen will conform reasonably well to all the requirements mentioned previously, although it will not necessarily be the best in any one area.

换句话说,材料的选择要考虑到合理的达到所有的预定要求,尽管这样就不能在其中任何一方面达到最好。To conclude this discussion we will consider the characteristics of various metallic and nonmetallic gear materials according to their general classifications.

为了总结这次讨论,我们将按照通常的分类来考虑多种金属和非金属齿轮材料所具有的特性。

Cast Irons

铸铁

Cast iron is one of the most commonly used gear materials.

铸铁是最常用的齿轮材料之一。

Its low cost, ease of casting, good machinability, high wear resistance, and good noise abatement property make it a logical choice.

它具有低成本,铸造性好,机械加工性能好,高耐磨性,以及高减噪性的特点,这些特点使铸铁成为一个合适的选择对象。

The primary disadvantage of cast iron as a gear material is its low tensile strength, which makes the gear tooth weak in bending and necessitates rather large teeth.

铸铁主要的缺点是,作为一种齿轮材料,铸铁的抗拉强度很低,这使得轮齿的抗弯强度很弱而且不能造出很大的轮齿。

Another type of cast iron is nodular iron, which is made of cast iron to which a material such as magnesium or cerium has been added.

另一种类型的铸铁是球墨铸铁,是在普通铸铁中加入了镁或者铈制成的。

The result of this alloying is a material having a much higher tensile strength while retaining the good wear and machining characteristics of ordinary cast iron.

这种合金的特点是既具有高的抗拉强度,又保持了普通铸铁的高耐磨性和优秀的机械加工性能。

V ery often the combination of cast iron gear and a steel pinion will give a well balanced design with regard to cost,

strength, and wear.

通常,铸铁大齿轮和钢制小齿轮的组合能够在成本、强度和耐磨性之间达到较好的平衡。

问题补充:Steel gear are usually made of pain carbon steels or alloy steels.

钢制齿轮通常由碳钢或者合金钢制造。

They have the advantage, over cast iron, of higher strength without undue increase in cost.

它们具有比铸铁更高的强度,同时又没有是成本过高的增加。

However, they usually require heat treatment to produce a surface hard enough to give satisfactory resistance to wear.

然而,它们通常需要经过热处理,以生成表面的硬化层来达到足够的耐磨性。

Unfortunately, the heat treatment process usually produces distortion of the gear, with the result that gear load is not uniformly distributed across the gear tooth face.

不幸的是,热处理过程通常会使齿轮发生扭曲和形变,这样齿轮上的载荷就不能均匀的分布到轮齿的表面。Since alloy steels are subject to less distortion due to heat treatment than carbon steels, they are often chosen in preference to the carbon steels.

合金钢具有变形量小的特点,因此比碳钢更适合热处理,它们通常比碳钢使用的更多。

Although it is not the purpose here to discuss the various heat treatment methods and their effect on the properties of materials so treated, the designer should be aware of

possible problems arising from the use of heat treated materials.

尽管这里讨论的目的不是热处理的方法和这些方法在材料上产生的不同影响,设计师仍然应当认识到对不用热处理材料的选择可能带来的各种问题。

Gears are often through-hardened by water or oil quenching in order to increase their resistance to wear.

齿轮通常都要经过在油介质或者水介质中的整体淬火,以达到增加耐磨性的目的。

If a low degree of hardness is satisfactory, through-hardening is probably the most desirable heat treatment process to be used because of its inexpensiveness.

如果对强度的要求较低,整体淬火可能是最适当的热处理方法,因为它的花费不高。

Case hardening is used for gear that require a hard surface and for which good accuracy is not necessary.

局部淬火使用在那些要求表面硬度较高的齿轮上,而且很难精确的达到。

The case hardening process results in gears that have much harder surfaces than cores.

局部淬火处理的齿轮具有比心部组织硬度高的表面硬度。

The advantage of case hardening is that, while the surface becomes hard and wear resistant, the toughness associated with the core remains.

局部淬火的优点是,表面具有高硬度和高耐磨性的同时,心部组织仍然保留着较高的韧性。Carburizing, cyaniding, and induction hardening are some of the processes commonly used to produce the case hardening effect.

碳化、氰化、感应淬火是局部淬火中经常使用的处理方法。

If great accuracy is required, the gear must be ground.

如果对齿轮有精度要求,齿轮就必须经过磨削。

For problems in which corrosion resistant surfaces are desirable, nitriding is the process most often used. However, nitriding is a relatively expensive process and is used

only if other processes do not produce satisfactory results.

对于表面有抗腐蚀性要求的齿轮,渗氮是最常用的方法。然而,渗氮是一种相对较昂贵的热处理方法,并且通常只在其它热处理方法无法满足要求时才会使用。

Flame hardening and induction hardening are the methods usually used to harden larger gears.

火焰淬火和感应淬火是经常在大型齿轮上使用的热处理方法。

To sum up this discussion of specially heat treated steels, the designer should make use of carbon or alloy steels without special heat treatment if the relatively low surface

hardening of these untreated materials is satisfactory.

作为对特殊热处理钢材讨论的总结,设计师应当在未经热处理的低表面硬度材料能够满足使用要求时,使用不经过特殊热处理的碳钢或合金钢。

As the hardness requirement increase, the heat treated steels should be considered, with the least expensive steel that satisfies the strength and wear requirements being

chosen.

随着硬度要求的增加,应当考虑选择能够达到强度、耐磨性要求的最便宜的热处理钢材。

Nonferrous Metals Gears have been manufactured of nonmetallic materials for many years.

用非金属材料来制造齿轮已经有很长时间。

Rawhide, nylon, various type of plastics, and so on, have been used. The advantages obtained by using these materials are quiet operation, internal lubrication, dampening of

shock and vibration, and manufacturing economy.

生牛皮、尼龙、各种塑料、以及其它材料都得到应用。这些材料的优点有:静音操作、自润滑、减振性好、以及加工制造经济性好。

Their primary disadvantages are lower load carrying capacity and low heat conductivity, which results in heat distortion of the teeth and many result in a serious weakening of

the gear teeth.

它们的主要缺点是承载能力低和热传导性差,这些引起了轮齿的热变形和多种轮齿能力的降低。Recently thermoplastic resins, with glass-fiber reinforcement and a lubricant as additives, have been used as gear materials.

最近,一种由玻璃纤维加固、并且带有自润滑剂的热塑性塑料,已经被用来做齿轮材料。

The composite material has resulted in greater load carrying capacity, a reduced thermal expansion, greater wear resistance and fatigue endurance.

合成材料具有更好的承载能力,更低的热膨胀系数,更好的耐磨性和更好的抗疲劳性能。

问题补充:Nonferrous Metals Nonmetallic Materials 麻烦翻译达人了!

Copper, zinc, aluminum, and titanium and titanium are materials used to obtain alloys that are useful gear materials.

铜、锌、铝和钛是经常使用在齿轮材料中的合金金属。

The copper alloys, known as bronzes, are perhaps the most widely used.

铜合金,比如青铜,可能是应用最广泛的合金。

They are useful in problems where corrosion resistance is important and also where large sliding velocities exist.

它们用在要求有较高耐腐蚀性的情况,以及有较大滑动速度存在时。

Because of their ability to reduce friction and wear, they are usually used as the material for making the worm wheel in a worm gear set.

因为具有减摩性和耐磨性的性能,它们通常用来制作涡轮减速器中的涡轮。

Aluminum and zinc alloys are used to manufacture gears by the diecasting process.

铝和锌的合金用来在模铸法中制造齿轮。

综合英语教程2_课后翻译练习答案

综合英语教程2课后翻译答案汇总 Book Two Unit 1 Someone Waiting 1. I don’t like to see people off at the railway station. 2. The company is giving a farewell party for you on Monday evening. A car will come to your hotel to pick you up at half past seven. 3. She was so excited that she couldn’t help giving me a warm embrace. 4. I never quite succeed in overcoming the sense of being out of place. 5. She glanced round the room to see who was there. 6. His big shoes look like small boats. 7. You should fold the eggs into flour instead of doing it in the opposite way. Unit 2 Football 1. He thinks that the marriage between them is no more than a business deal. 2. He used up all the money he had. 3. The young man saved your daughter from drowning. 4. She had absolutely nowhere to go, so she read some old books at

综合英语教程3 翻译 答案 中英

Unit1 1. She doesn’t seem to get along with her new classmates. 2. I’d been out of touch with Mary for year, but I managed to reach her by phone yesterday. 3. The veteran enjoys showing off his medals to everyone who visits him. 4. He husband seems very much opposed to her going abroad. 5. As Thomas couldn’t settle down in his job, his parents were very worried. 6. I always have all kinds of bits and pieces in my pockets. 7. Her mother pulled a few strings to get her into the business circle. 8. I hope the food is to your liking. 9. I told the boys off for making so much noise. Unit2 1. He resolved to work on the complicated project immediately. 2. They saw an old man knocked over by a car coming from the opposite direction. 3. He walked unsteadily / stumbled along in the dark, groping for the light-switch. 4. After three month’s illness, he found it difficult to rise to his feet again. 5. Owing to the staff shortage, the task could not be fulfilled on schedule. 6. During the period of depression, the company was running into financial difficulties. 7. When the blind girl got on the crowded bus, the passengers made room for her. 8. He at last managed to hold on to the rock on the cliff and stopped himself from slipping. Unit3 1. Mother immediately sent Tom for the doctor. 2. She failed to bake the cake as she had run out of sugar. 3. I know how desperately busy you are now. 4. The whole class roared with laughter at Tom’s slip of the tongue. 5. Such things as needles and scissors should be kept out of the reach of children. 6. The soldiers stood under the burning scorching sun, drenched with sweat. 7. He returned to his own country / motherland in the end. Unit4 1. Obviously I overestimated my sense of direction. Net time, I will remember to bring along a map with me. 2. The mother is not thoroughly disillusioned with her selfish unfilial son. 3. She has no knack for saying the right thing at the right time. 4. He and football were meant for each other from the start. 5. My boss assigned me the secretarial work for the first month. 6. If a driver breaks traffic rules, are there any alternatives to a fire? 7. Being a clumsy person, he often subjects himself to ridicule. Unit5 1. Did James have supper with you on the night in question? 2. The coach was satisfied with the ultimate victory of the match. 3. To remove the linguistic barriers in communication among the people of the world, linguists have embarked on the study of a new universal language. 4. The emergence of joint-venture enterprises has increased our opportunities to have contact with foreigners. 5. Mother asked him to gather up the bits and pieces of his belongings from the desk and put them

机械工程专业英语

机械工程专业英语 课程负责人: 课程中文名称:专业英语 课程英文名称:English for Mechanical Engineering 课程类别:选修 课程学分数:2 课程学时数:32 授课对象:机械电子工程专业本科生 本课程的前导课程:公共英语,机械专业的相关课程 考核方式:平时成绩+期末考试 使用教材:《机械工程专业英语教程》施平主编(第3版)电子工业大学出版社 教学要求及目的: 了解专业英语的语法特点,熟悉专业词汇,逐步培养学生具有比较熟练的专业文献阅读理解能力、翻译能力和英文学术论文的写作能力。 教学方式: 课堂讲授、讨论与自学相结合。以教师讲授为主,引导学生积极阅读指定参考文献,完成课外作业,参与课堂讨论。有意识地积累与自己研究方向相关的词汇与文献资料,掌握专业英语学习方法。 具体教学目标: ●掌握机械工程专业方面的专业名词、专业术语 rolling contact bearing, 滚动接触轴承journal bearing, 径向轴承resonance 共振 upright drilling machine 立式钻床radial ['re?d??l]drill 摇臂钻床shaper 牛头钻床 ●掌握习惯表达方式 machine design, kinematics [,k?n?'m?t?ks] 运动学,动力学dynamic 动态 slider-crank mechanism ['mek(?)n?z(?)m] 滑动曲柄机构, assembly drawing 装配图detailed [d?'teld]drawing 明细图engineering drawing 工程图 degree-of-freedom (DOF) 自由度 a four-bar mechanism 四连杆机构vibration mechanism 振动机构 CAD Computer - Aided Design, CAM computer-aided manufacturing CAE Computer Aided Engineering ●掌握基本的专业文献阅读能力与翻译能力 ●掌握基本的写作能力 ●培养基本的专业文献资料检索能力 ●了解机械工程方面的国内外动向, 并熟悉与机械工程专业相关的其他学科与

新编英语教程5课文翻译(unit9)

Unit Nine: 新闻将我们引向何方 不久前我应邀参加了一次有关美国报业的作用的公众研讨会。还有另外两个嘉宾也出席了。一位是知名的电视节目主持人,另一位是美国一家主要报纸的编辑,他是一位彻头彻尾的新闻工作者---- 在据实报道的方式上坚忍不拔、积极进取且见识过人。 据我所知本次研讨旨在审查传媒的义务,并提出实现那些义务的最佳途径。 在公开讨论时,观众席中的一位男士向两位嘉宾提问,“为什么报纸和电视新闻节目都充斥灾难?为什么新闻界的男男女女对悲剧、暴力、和失败是如此关注?” 主持人和编辑作出了回答,好像是自己应该为坏消息的存在而受到谴责一样。他们说,新闻工作者只负责报道新闻,而不负责制造或修改新闻。 我不认为这两位新闻工作者回答了这个问题。提出这个问题的先生并没有因为世上的歪曲报道而谴责他们。他只是想知道为什么报道得最多的是歪曲的事件。新闻媒体的运作理念似乎是凡是新闻皆坏事。为什么呢?是不是着重报道负面新闻是一种传统——是新闻工作者所习以为常的对日常事件作出的反应方式? 在此或许分析一下我们如何定义“新闻”一词会有所帮助,因为这是问题的起因。新闻应该是报道过去十二小时,最迟二十四小时内所发生的事情。然而,突发事件往往具有爆炸性的:一名狙击手枪杀了几名行人,一名恐怖分子劫持了飞机上250名人质,欧佩克石油组织宣布原油价格上涨25%,英国货币又贬值10%,一辆载有放射性废料的卡车与一架水泥搅拌车相撞。 然而,一味聚焦这些报道,则是失真的画面。人类文明成果远远多于灾难总和。每种文明中最重要的成分就是进步。但进步不会立即发生,也没有爆发性。一般来说,它是一点一滴逐步发展的,在某个特定时刻是微不足察的。但是所有微小的进步都参与了历史性的巨变的实现,使社会更加美好。 就是这类活生生的历史,绝大多数的新闻媒体没有予以充分的反映,结果导致我们对社会的正面发展了解不足,对灾难却知之甚多,这又使人产生失败和绝望的情绪,而这些情绪易于阻碍社会进步。爆发性新闻大餐另人忧心忡忡,大大削减了自由社会所需的动力,绝望和偾世的情绪使人没有动力迎接严峻的考验。 我并非暗示可以编造“积极”的新闻来抵消头版上灾难报道的作用。也没有把青年基督会作用的深刻报道定义为“正面”新闻。我要传递的观点是,新闻媒体的职责是搜寻并报道重大事件,无论它们是否有关冲突、对抗或灾难。这个世界是天堂和地狱的绝妙结合,两个方面都需要关注和观察。 我希望新闻界人士能从更宽广的角度审视自己的职责。是时候认识到人类事件中可以作为新闻报道的范围领域是极其宽广的。例如,有几篇新闻文章报道过固氮作用——植物通过这一过程能固定氮肥,由此减低了肥料需求量?全世界的科学家都在为这一前景而努力,希望借此解决饥荒。对远东地区水稻产量提高的巨大进步又了解多少?事实上,世界上还有许多类似的重要发展,这些都值得做重要的新闻综合报道。 主持人和编辑说得对,新闻工作者并没有责任来塑造世界,但是他们有责任影响我们的态度。我们认为自己是怎样的,那我们就是怎样的。我们只能实现那些我们自己敢于设想的目标。新闻工作者为我们提供我们对自身以及这个世界认知的写照——这种写照最好是逼真的肖像,而不是扭曲的漫画像。因为我们就是根据这一写照来做决定,筹划未来的。 按照华特.里普曼的说法,新闻记者是大众的哲学家。他曾经写道?“后天习得的文化并非由基因遗传,美好社会的甜美的生活虽然可得,但却不是一旦拥有就永远不失去。如果美好生活中的智慧没有被传下来,所得一切也将化为乌有。” 有了对美好社会中美好生活的准确报道,我们可以采用伯纳德.德.查维斯建议我们的利

综合英语教程2翻译答案1-9

Unit 1 Someone Waiting 1. I don’t like to see people off at the railway station. 2. The company is giving a farewell party for you on Monday evening. A car will come to your hotel to pick you up at half past seven. 3. She was so excited that she couldn’t help giving me a warm embrace. 4. I never quite succeed in overcoming the sense of being out of place. 5. She glanced round the room to see who was there. 6. His big shoes look like small boats. 7. You should fold the eggs into flour instead of doing it in the opposite way. Unit 2 Football 1. He thinks that the marriage between them is no more than a business deal. 2. He used up all the money he had. 3. The young man saved your daughter from drowning. 4. She had absolutely nowhere to go, so she read some old books at home. 5. “Will I ever be as good a player as Geoff” “Perhaps, but you still have a long way to go before that day comes.” 6. He is in danger of losing his job. 7. The practice of employing children to work in factories has nearly died out in many countries. UNIT 3 The Snake Bite 1. It started raining, so she made for the nearest shelter. 2. She picked out a cap to match her dress. 3. I waited for an hour, but he didn’t show up. 4. They figured it was better to stay where they were. 5. The earthquake that struck the little island caused 23 deaths. 6. He returned home at length after being away from the village for 20 years. 7. She managed to hold on to her job while many of her colleagues lost theirs. Unit 4 He was my father 1. My teacher told me that the liquid in the bottle could remove stains from metal and china. 2. The student sitting beside me looked around the examination room with apprehension. 3. He is now out of college and lives on his own. 4. They took turns staying awake in case anything went wrong. 5. The elder daughter will probably follow in her father's footsteps, and take over the family business when she's old enough. 6. He had to get off his bike and push it up the hill.

最新综合英语教程2第三版课文翻译资料

《综合英语教程》第二册课文、扩展阅读课文译文 Unit 1 Text 等候的人们 我坐在一个机场,观察着等候所爱之人到达或离开前最后一刻的人们。他们有的不安地来回走着,有的互相凝视着,有的拉着对方的手。此时的感情是强烈的。 一位讲西班牙语的女士正来回转圈地跑着,想要将全家人集中起来道别。她的嗓门很高。当登机前的最后时刻到来时,她用双臂搂着儿子,似乎这一紧紧的拥抱能保佑他将来平安地归来。 在我候机坐位旁的栏杆边站着一位祖母和她的孙子,该来接他们的人还没到。他们旁边有两位女士,互相之间显然没有关系,但她们的眼光都象扫视着大海的探照灯一样朝通道口仔细地搜索着。一位怀抱婴儿的母亲正与丈夫吻别。泪水打湿了她的面颊。这时刻十分令人动情。 在第13号出口处,抵达者们刚刚进站。“我看见她了,她在那儿。”以同样感人的激情,这些抵达者融入了庞杂的人群,仿佛他们是这人群中失而复得的一个组成部分。泪水、笑容,和由衷的快乐洋溢在久别重逢的欢声笑语中。 我坐着边翻书边等着我的登机时刻,感到有点孤独,因为亲人与我的时间不配;而我要去见的人,我的女儿,却在我旅程的另一端。 我在回想往日的离别和重逢。忆起我看见女儿,就是我现在要去见的女儿,正从那狭窄的通道走过来,肩上背着背包,怀里抱着塞得满满的行囊,带着的耳机让她无暇顾及身旁川流不息的人群。她当时上大学一年级,11月回家度假——8月份以来第一次回家。我紧紧地拥抱着她,似乎我曾失去过她。 今天我乘坐的航班晚点两小时。手里的书今天读起来没劲,不如观看眼前这熙来人往的人群。一个5岁左右的男孩第一次见到他的祖父。他一点点往上看,半天才看到了对成人来说并不算高的一位男人的脸。一高一矮的两人脸上都放出了喜悦的光芒,我不知道人们如何能用语言和胶卷来捕捉这一时刻。 当我的航班终于呼叫登机时,我收起书本和行李。既然无人相送,我就没有回头看看来时的方向,而是在想上班的丈夫此刻极想知道我是否已起飞,在另一端的女儿也正惦记着同一件事。 登机时,我回想起另一种离别和重逢。有一次我新婚不久,91岁的祖父去世了。我们的关系一直很密切,那天傍晚,我参加完他的葬礼乘飞机返回,一边离开机场一边哭着。我们刚刚结婚一年的丈夫等候在出站口,把我拥抱在怀中。满脸的泪水招来了大家对我的关注,但我并不在乎。不管怎么说,我内心的那种感受在机场没有什么不合时宜的。 生命始终都需要这般关注。我祝愿所有旅行的人们归来时都能看到有人在等候迎接他们。我也祝愿他们出发前有人去送行。我想到自己的祖父并认识到,如果死亡就像这样,一次旅行而已,那么,我就不会害怕。 (吕睿中译,胡一宁审校) Read more 重要之事

《机械工程专业英语教程》课文翻译

Lesson 1 力学的基本概念 1、词汇: statics [st?tiks] 静力学;dynamics动力学;constraint约束;magnetic [m?ɡ'netik]有磁性的;external [eks't?:nl] 外面的, 外部的;meshing啮合;follower从动件;magnitude ['m?ɡnitju:d] 大小;intensity强度,应力;non-coincident [k?u'insid?nt]不重合;parallel ['p?r?lel]平行;intuitive 直观的;substance物质;proportional [pr?'p?:??n?l]比例的;resist抵抗,对抗;celestial [si'lestj?l]天空的;product乘积;particle质点;elastic [i'l?stik]弹性;deformed变形的;strain拉力;uniform全都相同的;velocity[vi'l?siti]速度;scalar['skeil?]标量;vector['vekt?]矢量;displacement代替;momentum [m?u'ment?m]动量; 2、词组 make up of由……组成;if not要不,不然;even through即使,纵然; Lesson 2 力和力的作用效果 1、词汇: machine 机器;mechanism机构;movable活动的;given 规定的,给定的,已知的;perform执行;application 施用;produce引起,导致;stress压力;applied施加的;individual单独的;muscular ['m?skjul?]]力臂;gravity[ɡr?vti]重力;stretch伸展,拉紧,延伸;tensile[tensail]拉力;tension张力,拉力;squeeze挤;compressive 有压力的,压缩的;torsional扭转的;torque转矩;twist扭,转动;molecule [m likju:l]分子的;slide滑动; 滑行;slip滑,溜;one another 互相;shear剪切;independently独立地,自立地;beam梁;compress压;revolve (使)旋转;exert [iɡ'z?:t]用力,尽力,运用,发挥,施加;principle原则, 原理,准则,规范;spin使…旋转;screw螺丝钉;thread螺纹; 2、词组 a number of 许多;deal with 涉及,处理;result from由什么引起;prevent from阻止,防止;tends to 朝某个方向;in combination结合;fly apart飞散; 3、译文: 任何机器或机构的研究表明每一种机构都是由许多可动的零件组成。这些零件从规定的运动转变到期望的运动。另一方面,这些机器完成工作。当由施力引起的运动时,机器就开始工作了。所以,力和机器的研究涉及在一个物体上的力和力的作用效果。 力是推力或者拉力。力的作用效果要么是改变物体的形状或者运动,要么阻止其他的力发生改变。每一种

新编英语教程5课文翻译

Unit One Hit the nail on the head恰到好处 你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗?只见他左敲敲,右敲敲,说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻,结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去,一钉到底。语言也是如此。一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。差不多的词,不准确的短语,摸棱两可的表达,含糊不清的修饰,都无法使一位追求纯真英语的作家满意。他会一直思考,直至找到那个能准确表达他的意思的词。 法国人有一个很贴切的短语来表达这样一个意思,即“le mot juste”, 恰到好处的词。有很多关于精益求精的作家的名人轶事,比如福楼拜常花几天的时间力求使一两个句子在表达上准确无误。在浩瀚的词海中,词与词之间有着微妙的区别,要找到能恰如其分表达我们意思的词绝非易事。这不仅仅是扎实的语言功底和相当大的词汇量的问题,还需要人们绞尽脑汁,要观察敏锐。选词是认识过程的一个步骤,也是详细描述我们的思想感情并表达出来使自己以及听众和读者深刻理解的一个环节。有人说:“在我思想未成文之前,我怎么知道自己的想法?”这听起来似乎很离谱,但它确实很有道理。 寻找恰如其分的词的确是件不容易的事。一旦找到了那个词,我们就会感到很欣慰:辛劳得到了回报。准确地用语言有助于我们深入了解我们描述的事物。例如,当有人问你:“某某是怎么样的人?”你回答说:“恩,我想他是个不错的家伙,但他非常……”接着你犹豫了,试图找到一个词或短语来说明他到底讨厌在哪里。当你找到一个恰当的短语的时候,你发觉自己对他的看法更清楚,也更精确了。 一些英语词汇词根相同而意义却截然不同。例如human 和humane,二者的词根相同,词义也相关,但用法完全不同。“human action (人类行为)”和“humane action ( 人道行为)”完全是两码事。我们不能说“人道权力宣言”,而是说“人权宣言”。有一种屠杀工具叫“humane killer ( 麻醉屠宰机),而不是human killer ( 杀人机器)。 语言中的坏手艺的例子在我们身边随处可见。有人邀请一名学生去吃饭,他写信给予回复。请看他的信是这样结尾的:“我将很高兴赴约并满怀不安(anxiety )期待着那个日子的到来。”“Anxiety”含有烦恼和恐惧的意味。作者想表达的很可能是一种翘首期盼的心情。“Anxiety”跟热切期盼有一定的关联,但在这个场合是不能等同的。 乌干达一政党领袖给新闻界的一封信中有一句这样写道: 让我们打破这自私、投机、怯懦和无知充斥的乌干达,代之以真理,刚毅,坚定和奇异的精神。 这一激动人心的呼吁被最后一个词“奇异(singularity)”的误用破坏掉了。我猜想作者真正要表达的意思是思想的专一,即抱定一个信念永不改变,咬定青山不放松,不被次要的目的干扰。而singularity 指的是古怪,特性,是将一个人从众多人中区分出来的那种东西。 即使没有出现词语误用,这词仍可能不是符合作者意图的恰如其分的词。一名记者在一篇有关圣诞节的社论中这样引出狄更斯的话: 任何有关圣诞节的想法和文字已经被禁锢(imprisoned )在这句话中……“Imprisonment”暗示着强迫,威逼,这么一来似乎意思是有悖其初衷的。用“包含(contained )”或“归结(summed up )”就要好些。“概括(epitomized)”也行,尽管听起来有点僵硬。稍微再用点心我们就能准确地找到“mot juste (恰倒好处的词) ”,那就是“distilled”.它比包含和归结语气更强。“Distillation (提炼)”意味得到本质(essence)的东西。因此我们可以进一步把这个句子修改为: 所有有关圣诞节的想法和文字的精华都被提炼到这句话之中。 英语词汇丰富,运用灵活。一个意思有很多种表达方式。但是无论意思上如何相近的词总是存在着些许区别。作为学生就要敏感地意识到这些区别。通过查字典,尤其是通过阅读,

英语 大学英语综合教程2 翻译

一The rumor of the divorce was nothing but a means of hype for his new movie 离婚 他孤注一掷,用父母留给他的所有钱来开一家工厂。 He took a gamble on starting a factory with all the mone y his parents had left him. After winning the important game they hoisted their captain to their shoulders in shouting triumph.(赢得那场重要的比赛后) 4) 在全球化热潮中,我们要提防不同文化的冲突 In the rush to go for globalization, we should watch out for collision of cultures. 在这种情况下In the circumstances it was not surprising that there was trouble. 6) 这婴儿非常健康。The baby is the very picture of health. 7) 人们已经意识到儿童接触有关暴力和色情电视节目的危害。 People have realized the dangers of exposing children to vio lence and sex on TV. 8) 我们始终考虑到我们是在为谁制作这部影片。(have in mind) We always had in mind for whom we were making the film.三单元 2他在中学教书,但也兼职些翻译来取外快。 He teaches in a middle school, but he does some translation work o n the side to bring extra money 3自信是件好事,但自信与自员是有区别的 it's good to be confident (about yourself), but there is a differen ce between confidence and conceit 4.只有坚持到底的人才会成功。半运而度的人永远也无法实现梦想。 Only those who stick it out can achieve success Those who give up halfway will never realize their dreams 5一个真正的英雄有勇气,有高尚的目标,而且乐于奉献 A true hero possesses/has courage, a noble purpose and a willingness to make sacrifices 6任何人只要章起这本小说读了第一段,敦会发现很难把它放下。 Anyone who picked up this novel and reads the first paragraph will be hard pressed to put it down 7从某中意义上说,生活就像游冰。如果总是扶任池边,就也学不会。 In a sense, life is like swimming. if you keep holding on to the sides of the pool, you will never learn 3一个民族的前在很大程度上取决于其数育与培训的质量 The future of a nation depends in a large measure upon the quality of education and training 二 1只有那些有过类似经历的人,オ能够完全理解这一点。 Only those who have lived through a similar experience can fully ap preciate this. 3我更特别感谢每一个在这些年来以不同方式做出了贡献的人 i'd like to express my special thanks to everyone who has contribut ed over the years in one way or another

机械工程专业英语

Lesson1 1、the branch of scientific analysis, which deals with motions, time, and forces, is called mechanics and is made up of two parts, statics and dynamics. Statics deals with the analysis of stationary systems, i.e., those in which time is not a factor, and dynamics deals with systems, which change with time. 对运动时间和作用力作出科学分析的分支成为力学。他由静力学和动力学两部分组成。静力学对静止系统进行分析,即在其中不考虑时间这个引述,动力学对事件而变化的系统进行分析。 2、Any two such forces acting on a body constitute a couple. The arm of the couple is the perpendicular distance between their lines of action, and the plane of the couple is the plane containing the two lines of action. 作用在一个刚体上的两个这样的的里构成一个力偶。力偶臂是这两个条作用线之间的垂直距离,力偶面是包含着两条作用线的平面。 3、Mechanics deal with two kinds of quantities: scalars and vectors. Scalar quantities are those with which a magnitude alone is associated. Examples of scalar quantities in mechanics are time, volume, density, speed, energy, and mass. Vector quantities, on the other hand, possess direction as well as magnitude. Examples of vectors are displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, moment, and momentum. 力学涉及两种类型的量,标量和矢量。标量是那些只有大小的量。在力学中标量的例子有时间、体积、密度、速率、、能量和质量。另一方面,矢量既有大小又有大小又有方向。矢量的例子有位移、速度、加速度、力、力矩、动量。 Lesson2(此课后面没翻译,翻译的不太准确谅解) 1 、The turning of a part in a lathe is another example of several forces in action.(as shown in figure1) 车床车削是一些力在起作用的另一个例子。figure1(如图)。 2 、If this workpiece is held between the centers of the lathe, the centers exert a compressive force against the work. 如果这个工件在放在车床中心之间,中心车床对工作产生压力。 3、 Rotary motion is required to drill holes, turn parts in a lathe, mill surfaces, or drive a generator or fan belt. 扶轮运动需要去钻孔,在车床上转换两件,表面,或驱动发电机或风扇皮带 4 、Harmonic and Intermittent Motion(谐和运动和间歇运动): Any simple vibration, such as the regular back, and forth movement of the end of a pendulum, is simple harmonic motion. Lesson4 1 、Virtually all machines contain shafts. The most common shape for shafts is circular and the cross section can be either solid or hollow. 实际上,几乎所有的机器中都装有轴。轴的最常见的形状是圆形,其截面可以是实心的,也可以是空心的(空心轴可以减轻重量)。有时也采用矩形轴,例如,螺丝起子的头部.套筒扳手和控制旋钮的杆。 2、 A shaft must have adequate torisonal strength to transmit torque and not be over stressed it must also be torsional stiff enough so that one mounted component does not deviate excessively from its original angular position relative to a second component mounted on the same shaft. 为了在传递扭矩时不发生过载,轴应该有适当的抗扭强度。轴还应该具有足够的抗扭强度,以使在同一轴上的两个传动零件之间的相对转角不会过大。 3 、Components such as gears and pulleys are mounted on shafts by means of key. The design of the key and the corresponding keyway in the shaft must be properly evaluated. For example, stress concentrations occur in shafts due to keyways, and the material removed to from the keyway further weakens the shaft. 齿轮和皮带轮等零件通过键连接在轴上。在键及轴上与之相对应的键槽的设计中,必须进行认真的计算。例如,轴上的键槽会引起应力集中,由于键槽的存在会使轴的横截面积减小,会进一步减弱轴的强度。 4、Another important aspect of shaft design is the method of directly connecting one shaft to another. Devices such as rigid and flexible couplings accomplish this. 轴的设计工作中的另一个重要方面是一根轴与另一根轴之间的直接连接方法。这是由刚性或者弹性联轴器来实现的。 Lesson5 1、The term shaft usually refers to a relatively long member of round cross section that rotates and

新编英语教程6课文翻译

新编英语教程6课文 翻译 -CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1

第1单元避免两词铭记两词 在生活中,没有什么比顿悟更令人激动和兴奋的,它可以改变一个人——不仅仅是改变,而且变得更好。当然,这种顿悟是很罕见的,但仍然可以发生在我们所有人身上。它有时来自一本书,一个说教或一行诗歌,有时也来自一个朋友。 在曼哈顿一个寒冷的冬天的下午,我坐在一个法国小餐馆,倍感失落和压抑。因为几次误算,在我生命中一个至关重要的项目就这样落空了。就因为这样,甚至连期望看到一个老朋友(我常常私下亲切的想到的一个老人)的情形都不像以前那样令我兴奋。我坐在桌边,皱起眉头看着色彩多样的桌布,清醒的嚼着苦涩的食物。 他穿过街道,裹着旧棉袄,一顶帽子从光头打下来,看上去不像是一个有名的精神病医生,倒像是一个精力充沛的侏儒。他的办公室在附近到处都有,我知道他刚刚离开他最后一个病人。他接近80岁,但仍然扛着一个装着满满文件的公文包,工作起来仍然像一个大公司的主管,无论何时有空,他都仍然爱去高尔夫球场。 当他走过来坐我旁边时,服务员早已把他总是要喝的啤酒端了过来,我已经几个月没有见他了,但他似乎还是老样子。没有任何寒暄,他就问我“怎么了,年轻人?” 我已经不再对他的样子感到奇怪,所以我详细地把烦恼告诉他。带着一丝忧伤的自豪。我尽量说出实情,除了我自己,我并没有因为失望而责备任何人。我分析了整件事情,但所有负面评价以及错误仍然继续。我讲了约有十五分钟,这期间老人只是默默的喝着啤酒。我讲完后,他取下眼镜说:“到我的办公室去。”“到你的办公室你忘了带什么了吗”他和蔼的说“不是,我想看看你对某些事情的反应,仅此而已。” 外面开始下起小雨,但他的办公室很温暖,舒服,亲切:放满书的书架靠着墙壁,长皮沙发,弗洛伊德的亲笔签名照,还有墙边放着的录音笔。他的秘书回家了,只有我们在那里。老人从纸盒里拿出一盘磁带放进录音笔,然后说:“这里有到我这来求助的三个人的简单录音,当然,这没有说明具体是哪三个人。我想让你听听,看你是否能找出双字词的短语,这里是在三个案例中共有的。”他笑道:“不要这么困扰,我有我的目的。” 对我来说,录音中三个主人共有的东西不是什么快乐的东西。首先讲话的是一个男人,他在生意中经历了一些损失或失败,他指责自己没有辛勤工作,也没有远见。接下来说话的是一个女人,她还没有结婚,因为对她寡妇母亲的强烈的责任意思,她伤心的回忆了所有擦肩而过的婚姻机遇。第三个说话的是一位母亲,她十多岁的儿子在警察局有麻烦,她总是不停地责备自己。 老人关掉收音机,侧身坐到椅子上:“在这些录音中,有一个短语像病毒一样的出现了六次。你注意到了吗没有噢,这可能是因为几分钟前你在餐馆说过了三次。”他拿起磁带盒扔给我。“正好在标签上有那两个伤心的词语。”我向下一看,那里有两个清晰的红色的印字:如果。 “你受惊了吗?”老人说:“你能想象我坐在这把椅子上以这两个词开头的话有多少次了吗?他们总是对我说:如果换一种方法做——或根本不去做。(如果我没发脾气、没有做那虚伪的事、没有说那愚蠢的谎言。如果我聪明点,或更无私点,或更自控点。)直到我打断说话他们才会停止。有时我让他们听你刚说过的录音。我对他们说(如果你停止说如果,我们就已取得进展了。)” 老人伸出双脚,说:“问题是,‘如果’并没有改变任何东西。它使那人面对错误——后退而非前进,那样只是在浪费时间。最后,要是你让它成为一个习惯,它就会变成真的障碍,变成你不再去做尝试的借口了。” “现在回到你的情况:你的计划没成功,为什么?因为你犯了某种错误。唔,这个没关系,毕竟错误谁都会犯,我们也从中学到东西。但是,当你告诉我那些东西时却悔恨这个, 后悔那个的时候,你还没有从错误中学到什么。” “你怎么知道呢?”我用一种辩驳的语气问道。 “因为你还没有从过去中走出来。你根本没提及到未来。在某种程度上——老实说,——现在你仍沉溺于过去。我们

相关主题