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人教版初二英语语法总结及复习要点

初二英语语法总结

1) leave的用法

1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如：

When did you leave Shanghai?

你什么时候离开上海的？

2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如：

Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.

下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。

3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如：

Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?

你为什么要离开上海去北京？

2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用

should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如：How should I know? 我怎么知道？

Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？

should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如：

We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。

我们在使用时要注意以下几点：

1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如：

You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。

2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如：

You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。

3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如：

We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。

3) What...? 与 Which...?

1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如：What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？

该句相当于：

What does your father do?

What is your father's job?

Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如：

---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特？

---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。

2. What...?是泛指，所指的事物没有范围的限制；而 Which...?是特指，所指的事物有范围的限制。如：

What color do you like best? （所有颜色）

你最喜爱什么颜色？

Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? （有特定的范围）

你最喜爱哪一种颜色？

3. what 与 which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如：

Which pictures are from China?

哪些图片来自中国？

4) 频度副词的位置

1.常见的频度副词有以下这些：

always（总是，一直）

usually（通常）

often（常常，经常）

sometimes（有时候）

never（从不）

2.频度副词的位置：

a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如：

David is often arrives late for school.

大卫上学经常迟到。

b.放在行为动词前。如：

We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.

我们每天经常在7：10去上学。

c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾，用来表示强调。如：

Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike.

有时我步行回家，有时我骑自行车。

3.never放在句首时，主语、谓语动词要倒装。如：

Never have I been there.

5) every day 与 everyday

1. every day 作状语，译为“每一天”。如：

We go to school at 7:10 every day.

我们每天7：10去上学。

I decide to read English every day.

我决定每天读英语。

2. everyday 作定语，译为“日常的”。

She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.

她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。

What's your everyday activity?

你的日常活动是什么？

6) 什么是助动词

1.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb）。被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main Verb）。

助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，例如：

He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。

（doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义）

2.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：

a. 表示时态，例如：

He is singing. 他在唱歌。

He has got married. 他已结婚。

b. 表示语态，例如：

He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。

c. 构成疑问句，例如：

Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗？

Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗？

d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，例如：

I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。

e. 加强语气，例如：

Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。

He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。

3.最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would

7) forget doing/to do与remember doing/to do

1.forget to do 忘记要去做某事。 (未做)

forget doing 忘记做过某事。 (已做)

The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.

办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)

He forgot turning the light off.

他忘记他已经关了灯了。 ( 已做过关灯的动作)

Don't forget to come tomorrow.

别忘了明天来。 (to come动作未做)

典型例题

---- The light in the office is still on.

---- Oh，I forgot___.

A. turning it off

B. turn it off

C. to turn it off

D. having turned it off

答案：C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth 表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。

2.remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做)

remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做)

Remember to go to the post office after school.

记着放学后去趟邮局。

Don't you remember seeing the man before?

你不记得以前见过那个人吗?

8) It's for sb.和 It's of sb.

1.for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如

easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：

It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。

2.of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如

good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。

It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。

3.for 与of 的辨别方法：

用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如：

You are nice. (通顺，所以应用of)。

He is hard. (人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。)

9) 对两个句子的提问

新目标英语在命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势，现在采取的作法是对一个句子进行自由提问。例如：

句子：The boy in blue has three pens.

提问：1.Who has three pens?

2.Which boy has three pens?

3.What does the boy in blue have?

4.How many pens does the boy in blue have?

很显然，学生多了更多的回答角度，也体现了考试的灵活性。再如：

句子：He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.

提问：1.Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?

2.Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?

3.What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?

4.With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?

5.What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?

6.When does he usually go to the park with his friends?

10) so、such与不定冠词的使用

1.so与不定冠词a、an连用，结构为“so+形容词+a/an+名词”。如：

He is so funny a boy.

Jim has so big a house.

2.such与不定冠词a、an连用，结构为“such+a/an+形容词+名词”。如：

It is such a nice day.

That was such an interesting story.

11) 使用-ing分词的几种情况

1.在进行时态中。如：

He is watching TV in the room.

They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.

2.在there be结构中。如：

There is a boy swimming in the river.

3.在have fun/problems结构中。如：

We have fun learning English this term.

They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.

4.在介词后面。如：

Thanks for helping me.

Are you good at playing basketball.

5.在以下结构中：

enjoy doing sth 乐于做某事

finish doing sth 完成做某事

feel like doing sth 想要做某事

stop doing sth 停止做某事

forget doing sth 忘记做过某事

go on doing sth 继续做某事

remember doing sth 记得做过某事

like doing sth 喜欢做某事

keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事

find sb doing sth 发现某人做某事

see/hear/watch sb doing sth 看到/听到/观看某人做某事try doing sth 试图做某事

need doing sth 需要做某事

prefer doing sth 宁愿做某事

mind doing sth 介意做某事

practice doing sth 练习做某事

be busy doing sth 忙于做某事

can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事

miss doing sth 错过做某事

12) 英语中的“单数”

1.主语的第三人称单数形式，即可用“he, she, it”代替的。如：

he, she, it

my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle

2.名词有单数名词和复数名词。如：

man（单数）---men（复数） banana（单数）---bananas（复数）

3.动词有原形，第三人称单数形式，-ing分词，过去式，过去分词。如：

go---goes---going---went---gone

work---works---working---worked---worked

watch---watches---watching---watched---watched

当主语为第三人称单数的时候，谓语动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式。如：The boy wants to be a sales assistant.

Our English teacher is from the US.

Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.

13) 名词的复数构成的几种形式

名词复数的构成可分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。

I 名词复数的规则变化

1.一般在名词词尾加-s。如：

pear---pears hamburger---hamburgers

desk---desks tree---trees

2.以字母-s, -sh, -ch, -x结尾的名词，词尾加-es。如：

class---classes dish---dishes

watch---watches box---boxes

3.以字母-o结尾的某些名词，词尾加-es。如：

potato---potatoes tomato---tomatoes

Negro---Negroes hero---heroes

4.以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词，将-y变为-i,再加-es。如：

family---families dictionary---dictionaries

city---cities country---countries

5.以字母-f或-fe结尾的名词，将-f或-fe变为-v，再加-es。如：

half---halves leaf---leaves

thief---thieves knife---knives

self---selves wife---wives

life---lives wolf---wolves

shelf---shelves loaf---loaves

但是：

scarf---scarves(fes) roof---roofs

serf---serfs gulf---gulfs

chief---chiefs proof---proofs

belief---beliefs

II 名词复数的不规则变化

1.将-oo改为--ee。如：

foot---feet tooth---teeth

2.将-man改为-men。如：

man---men woman---women

policeman---policemen postman---postmen

3.添加词尾。如：

child---children

4.单复数同形。如：

sheep---sheep deer---deer

fish---fish people---people

5.表示“某国人”的单、复数变化。即“中日瑞不变英法变，其它国把-s加后面”。如：Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese

Swiss---Swiss

Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen

American---Americans Australian---Australians

Canadian---Canadians Korean---Koreans

Russian---Russians Indian---Indians

6.其它。如：

mouse---mice

apple tree---apple trees

man teacher---men teachers

14) 双写最后一个字母的-ing分词

初中阶段常见的有以下这些：

1.let→letting让

hit→hitting打、撞

cut→cutting切、割

get→getting取、得到

sit→sitting坐

forget→forgetting忘记

put→putting放

set→setting设置

babysit→babysitting临时受雇照顾婴儿

2.shop→shopping购物

trip→tripping绊

stop→stopping停止

drop→dropping放弃

3.travel→travel(l)ing旅游

swim→swimming游泳

run→running跑步

dig→digging挖、掘

begin→beginning开始

prefer→preferring宁愿

plan→planning计划

15) 肯定句变否定句及疑问句要变化的一些词

1.some变为any。如：

There are some birds in the tree.

→There aren't any birds in the tree.

但是，若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中，some可以不变。如：Would you like some orange juice?

与此相关的一些不定代词如something, somebody等也要进行相应变化。

2.and变为or。如：

I have a knife and a ruler.

→I don't have a knife or a ruler.

3.a lot of (=lots of)变为many或much。如：

They have a lot of friends.（可数名词）

→T hey don't have many friends.

There is lots of orange in the bottle.（不可数名词）

→There isn't much orange in the bottle.

4.already变为yet。如：

I have been there already.

→I haven't been there yet.

16) in与after

in 与 after 都可以表示时间，但二者有所区别。

1.in 经常用于将来时的句子中，以现在为起点，表示将来一段时间。如：He will leave for Beijing in a week.

一周后他会动身去北京。

2.after 经常用于过去时的句子中，以过去为起点，表示过去一段时间。如：He left for Beijing after a week.

一周后他动身去了北京。

不过，如果after后跟的是具体的时刻，它也可用于将来时。如：

We will finish the work after ten o'clock.

十点后我们会完成工作的。

3.注意区分以下的in的用法。

I'll visit him in a week.

一周后我会去拜访他。

I'll visit him twice in a week.

一周内我会去拜访他两次。

17) 不定冠词a与an的使用

1.a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前。如：

There is a "b" in the word "book".

单词book中有个字母b。

类似的字母还有：c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z。

She has a small knife.

她有一把小刀。

2.an 用于以元音音素开头的单词前。如：

There is an "i" in the word "onion".

单词onion中有个字母i。

类似的字母还有：a, e, f, h, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。

Do you have an umbrella?

你有一把雨伞吗？

3.以元音字母开头的单词前面不一定都用an；以辅音字母开头的单词前面也不一定都用a。如：

a useful book

a universe

a one-letter word

an hour

an uncle

an umbrella

an honest person

18) 如何表达英语中的“穿、戴”？

英语中表示“穿、戴”的表达方法有好几种，常见的有以下这些：

1、put on 主要表达“穿”的动作。如：

He put on his coat.他穿上了他的外套。

You'd better put on your shoes.你最好穿上你的鞋子。

2、wear 主要表示“穿、戴”的状态。如：

The old man wears a pair of glasses.老人戴着一副眼镜。

The girl is wearing a red skirt.那女孩穿着一条红色的短裙。

3、dress 可作及物动词，有“给......穿衣”的意思，后接“人”，而不是“衣服”。如：

Please dress the children right now.请立即给孩子们穿上衣服。

dress 也可作不及物动词，表示衣着的习惯。如：

The woman always dresses in green.那位妇女总是穿绿色的衣服。

4、be in 表示穿着的状态。如：

John is in white today.约翰今天穿白色的衣服。

The man in black is a football coach.

19) a little, a few 与 a bit (of)

a little, a few 与 a bit (of) 都有“一些、少量”的意义。他们的区别在哪里呢？

1. a little 意为“一些、少量”，后接不可数名词。如：

There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一点水。

还可以接形容词。如：

He is a little shy. 他有些害羞。

2. a few 意为“一些、少数”，后接复数的可数名词。如：

There are a few people in the room. 房间里有一些人。

3. a bit 意为“一点儿”，后接形容词。如：

It's a bit cold. 有点冷。

a bit of 后接不可数名词。如：

He has a bit of money. 他有一点儿钱。

4. a little 表肯定意义，little 表否定意义；a few 表肯定意义，few 表否定意义。如：

There is a little soda in the glass. 杯子里有一点儿汽水。

There is little soda in the glass. 杯子里几乎没有汽水了。

I have a few Chinese friends. 我有一些中国朋友。

Few people like him. 几乎没有人喜欢他。

5. a little = a bit of, 后接不可数名词；

a little = a bit = a little bit = kind of, 后接形容词，意为“有点儿”。

20) 关于like的用法

like 可以作动词，也可以作介词。

1、like 作动词，表示一般性的“爱好、喜欢”，有泛指的含义。如：

Do you like the color?你喜爱这种颜色吗？

like 后可接不定式（like to do sth），也可接动词的-ing分词（like doing sth），有时意思不尽相同。如：

She likes eating apples.她喜爱吃苹果。（习惯）

She likes to eat an apple.她喜爱吃一粒苹果。（平常不喜欢吃）

like 与 would 连用，后接不定式，表示愿望或客气的请求。如：

Would you like a cup of tea?您愿意喝杯茶吗？

“喜欢某人做某事”可以用结构“like sb to do sth/doing sth”。如：

They all like me to sing/singing English songs.他们都喜欢我唱英文歌。

2、like 作介词，可译成“像......”。如：

She is friendly to us like a mother.她对我们友好，就像母亲一样。

It looks like an orange.它看起来像个桔子。

3、区分以下句子：

A. What does he look like?

B. What is he like?

A句译为“他长相如何？”指一个人的外貌特征；而B句译为“他人怎么样？”指人的性格特点。

C. The boy like Peter is over there.

D. A boy like Peter can't do it.

A句指外貌相似，而D句指性格相似。

21) stop to do sth 与 stop doing sth

1. stop to do sth 意为“停下来去做某事”。如：

The students stop to listen to their teacher.

学生们停下来去听他们老师讲话。

2. stop doing sth 意为“停止做某事”。如：

The students stopped talking. 学生们停止了谈话。

与它们相反的句式是：go on to do sth “继续做某事（与刚才一事不同）”和 go on doing sth “继续做某事（与刚才同一件事）”。如：

He finishes his homework and goes on to study English.

他完成了作业，接着继续去念英语。

They went on playing games. 他们继续玩游戏。

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初二英语1—7单元复习要点

1. Welcome back to s chool!欢迎返校！

2. have fun doing s th. 做某事很开心We have fun talking with Mr. Green.

3. m ake fun of取笑，捉弄It’s wrong to make fun of the old people.

4. call one’s nam e 点名The teacher is calling the s tudents’ names.

5. on tim e 准时，按时He always com es to s chool on tim e.

6. with one’s bes t wishes致以最美好的祝愿

7. Bes t wis hes to you for Teachers’Day.致以教师节最美好的祝愿

8. It does n’t matter.没有关系

9. wish sb.… 祝愿某人……（后常接名词）。We wish you a happy New Year!

10. wis h s b. to do s th.希望某人做某事I wish you to be a teacher.

11. Thanks for＋n./v.ing.因某事向某人致谢Thanks for teaching us s o well.

12. give a talk做报告Mr. Green is going to give us a talk on Englis h s tudy.

13. have a talk听报告We are going to have a talk in the hall this afternoon.

14. think about考虑，思考He is thinking about going to Japan for a holiday.

15. think of 想到，想起We s hould think m ore of others.

16. what to s ay. 动词不定式可以接在where, how, when, which, who等疑问词后，构成短语。

I don’t know where I s hall go.=I don’t know where to go.

Pleas e tell me how I can do the work.=Pleas e tell me how to do the wo rk.

17. have an idea, have s ome ideas有主意

18. I have no idea=I don’t know不知道

19. the difference between…and…与…之间的不同点

20. given nam e=firs t name名字full name全名

21. be different from与……不同be the sam e as与……相同The weather in Beijing is different from that in Aus tralia=The weather in Beijing is not the s am e as that in Aus tralia.

22. the m eaning of………的意思What’s the meaning of this word?=What does this word m ean?=What do you m ean by this word?

23. be im portant to s b. 对某人很重要Englis h is important to us.比较：It’s important for us to learn Englis h well.对我们来说学好英语很重要。

24. be short for简称，缩写式TV is s hort for Televis ion.

25. call…for s hort 简称为We call Televis ion TV for s hort.

26. be/feel s orry for s b. 为某人感到难过I feel sorry for you.

27. be/feel s orry for s th./doing s th. 为（做）某事感到后悔/抱歉I am sorry for being late.

28. be sorry to do s th.因做某事很难过I am s orry to hear that.用于听到坏消息表示同情。

29. be sorry that +主谓句。因某事而感到后悔I am s orry that I am late.

30. s ay s orry to s b. 向某人道歉You should s ay s orry to your teacher.

31. be afraid of s b./s th/doing s th. 害怕某人/某事/做某事I am afraid of clim bing trees.

32. be afraid to do s th不敢去做某事She is afraid to go out at night.

33. be afraid that+主谓句。恐怕……I am afraid that I can’t help you.

34. only a little 仅有一点点I know only a little Englis h.

35. only a few仅有几个The farm is only a few kilom eters away.

36. know a lot about…了解很多关于……的情况

37. m ake sb. s th=m ake s th. for s b.为某人制作……类似词组有：buy/m end/cook/grow s b. s th=buy/ m end/cook/grow s th. for s b.为某人购买/修理/烹调/种植某物

还有一些动词也可跟双宾语，但它们所用的介词是to，而不是for。例如：

pass/give/ s how/teach/tell s b. s th=pass/g ive/show/teach/tell s th. to s b.

38. s ound like 听起来像……It s ound like a bird.

39. s ound＋形容词听起来……The s ong s ounds beautiful.

40. not…any m ore（句末）=no m ore（can, be动词后行为动词前）不再……I can’t help you any m ore=I can no more help you. He does n’t go there any m ore=He no m ore goes there.

41. a was te of tim e/m oney时间/金钱的浪费It’s a was te of tim e if you go on like this.

42. was te time doing s th.浪费时间做某事Don’t was te tim e doing anything hopeless.

43. m any tim es很多次I read the text m any tim es.

44. would like s th. =want s th想要某物I woul d like s om e help.

45. would like to do s th.想做某事I would like to vis it the Great Wall.

46. would like s b. to do s th. 想让某人做某事I would like him to help m e.

47. dis cuss s th =talk about s th.讨论……

48. go on a trip=m ake a trip=have a trip=take a trip旅行，后接介词to的短语表示去向.

I am going on a happy trip to Japan next Monday.

49. go on 常与旅游，远足，野餐，航海等名词连用，表示“去，进行”

50. go on a picnic=have a picnic举行野餐

51. go on a hike= go hiking去远足

52. go on 还有“继续”的意思，后接v.ing After a s hort res t, I go on writing the letter.

53. go+v.ing. 表示去从事某一活动。

54. go boating/s hopping/swimm ing/hiking/s kiing/s kating/dancing/sailing/clim bing

55. do som e +v,ing 表示“干，做……”

56. do som e reading/shopping/cleaning/was hing/writing/running/speaking

57. go/ walk/run the wrong way走错路

58. be good at s th =do well in s th.擅长于……He is good at Englis h=He does well in English.

59. be good at doing s th,擅长于做…He is good at s inging/swimm ing/drawing/playing football.

60. be good to s b.=be friendly to sb=be kind to sb.对某人友好. Our teacher is good to us.

61. be good for s th.对……有好处，有益Taking a walk after s upper is good for your health.

62. on a trip在旅游中。类似表达：on holiday,在度假on a vis it在访问

63. have problems doing s th.=have trouble/difficulty doing s th.做某事有困难Do you have problems finis hing the work in two hours?

64. be far from…离……远The moon is far from the earth.

65. trip over 被……绊倒She often trips over her s hoes.

66. hurry up!=be quick!快点，表催促Hurry up! Or you will be late.

67. hurry to ＋地名=go/com e to…in a hurry匆忙赶往He hurries to s chool=He goes to

s chool in a hurry.

68. hurry off匆忙离去He hurries o ff to look after the m an.

69. hurry hom e/there匆忙回家/到那里

70. be/feel tired觉得劳累

71. be /feel tired from因……感到疲倦Are you tired from such a long walk?

72. be tired of 对……感到厌倦I am tired of reading this kind of book.

73. on the top of在……顶部There is a bird on the top of the building.

74. go to a party去参加晚会I am going to a birthday party tom orrow.

75. the day after tom orrow后天

76. be the firs t（one）to do s th. 第一个做……He is the firs t s tudent to get to s chool every day.

77. the coming field trip即将到来的郊外旅行

78. have a fun field trip愉快的郊外旅行

79. hike to the top of the m ountain徒步走上山顶

80. put…in order按正确的顺序Please put the sentences in order.

81. lots of=a lot of许多

82. too m any太多，后接可数名词的复数。He has too m any books in his room.

83. too m uch 太多，后接不可数名词。He drinks too much coke ever y day.

84. m uch too 太，很，非常，后接形容词。The box is m uch too heavy.

85. in spring/summ er/autumn/winter在春/夏/秋/冬。“在四季”不加介词。

86. be free=be not bus y=have tim e . I ha ve tim e today=I am free today.

87. be free to do s th.有空做某事，随意做某事. You are free to go to the park or go to the zoo.

88. s omething sweet 甜的东西。当不定代词som ething, anything, nothing, s omebody等被形容词修饰的时候，形容词应置于不定代词的后面。There is s omething helpful in the book. There is n’t anything im portant in today’s news paper=There is nothing im portant in today’s…

89. come over过来，顺便拜访come over+地名You m us t com e over to m y hous e.

90. a kind of 一种…修饰kind的形容词一般放在其前面，且kind为单数时，kind of后面的名词一般为单数，kind为复数时，kinds of后面的名词一般为复数。

91. all kinds of…各种各样的There are all kinds of flowers in the park.

92. different kinds of…许多不同种类的

93. at the s tore/s h op在商店

94. at this tim e of year一年中的这个时候We fly kites at this time of year.

95. tas te+形容词，尝起来……The m ooncake tas tes delicious.

96. tas te like尝起来像……This kind of drink tas tes a little like orange juice.

97. have a tas te 尝一尝May I ha ve a tas te of this cake?

98. get together相聚People get together to celebrate the harves t.

99. have a lot to eat 有很多吃的

100. have…to do 有……要干（做）I have three books to read this week.

101. in the open air=outside the hous e. 在户外They are dancing in the open air.

102. What…for?=why…?为何目的What do you do that for?=Why do you do that?

103. Another+单数名词=one m ore +单数名词：指多个中的“再一，又一”多用于购物或做客时对话。Would you like another apple? I don’t like this pen. Pleas e s how m e another. 104. the other+名词单数或复数：指两者（两部分）中的“另一个”或“另一些”或“其余的”I have two pencils. One is re d, the other is yellow. There are 56 s tudents in the class. Two of them are from Japan, the others are from China.

105. tell a s tory讲故事My grandma often tells m e s tories after s upper.

106. wait for sb./s th等候某人/某物Who are you waiting for? He is waiting for Mr. Lin. 107. can’t wait to do s th.迫不及待地做……I can’t wait to open the box.

108. wait a m inute=wait a m om ent.等一会儿

Have to m us t

用法客观因素促使某人“不得不做某事”主观认为必须做某事

形式有人称、数和时态的变化没有人称、数和时态的变化

句式肯定句：主语+have/has to+动词…主语+m us t+动词…

否定式:主语+don’t/does n’t have to+动词主语+m us tn’t+动词原形…

疑问式：Do/Does+主语+have to+动词…Mus t+主语+动词?Yes,…mus t./No,needn

Don’t have to=needn’t不必，无需 Mus tn’t禁止，不许，不准

109. live on a farm/the s econd floor.住在一/二楼

110. live in the country/the cit y/ the tall building住在乡下/城里/高楼里

111. feed the anim als on/wi th s th用……喂养What do you feed the cows on/with? 112. feed s th to the anim als把……喂给She feeds grass to the cows.

113. My job is to feed the animals. 注意：动词不定式作表语。

114. hear s b. 听见某人Can you hear m e clearly?

115. hear that+主谓句。听说……I hear that there is a dolphin s how there.

116. hear s b. do s th. 听见某人做了某事。强调听到了动作的全过程。

117. hear s b. doing s th.听见某人正在做某事。强调动作正在进行。

比较：I hear her singing in the next room.我听见她正在隔壁房间唱歌。

I often hear her sing in the next room. 我经常听见她在隔壁房间唱歌。

I heard her s ing a song in English. 我听见她用英语唱了一首歌。

类似hear的动词还有see, watch, feel 等。

118. play with玩耍，玩弄Don’t play with the cat any m ore. Don’t play with fire.

Play football.踢足球Play cards打牌. Play chess下棋. Play tennis打网球.

119. Grow rice and wheat.种植水稻和小麦

120. us e…to do…用…来做…We us e the lift to go up and down.=We go up and down by lift.

I us e a pen to write a letter.=I write a letter with a pen.

121. agree with s b. 同意某人I don’t agree with you.

122. agree on s th. 表示双方在某事上“意见一致”Tom and Jim agree on that.

123. agree to后接idea, sugges tion, plan等表“主张”“建议”“计划”的词语。

124. agree to do s th.同意做某事We all agree to have a Chris tm as party.

125. Like …better than…喜欢…胜过…I like Englis h better than Chines e.

126. like…bes t of all最喜欢…I like dogs bes t of all because they are friendly to people. 127. more＋名词＋than …比…多I have m ore books than you.我的书比你的多。

128. more＋多音节形/副词原级＋than…用于比较，表示“比…更”

I think Englis h is m ore interes ting than Chinese.

129. more than=over 多于，超过There are more than =over60 s tudents in our class. 130. until …到……为止

I will watch TV until m y m other com es back.我将一直看电视直到妈妈回来。

131. not…until直到……时候才（开始干某事）

I won’t watch TV until m y m other comes back。我直到妈妈回来才开始看电视。

=I will watch TV when /after m y m other comes back..

132. leave s chool=finish s chool 毕业What are you going to be after you leave s chool? 133. go to college 上大学I am going to college after I leave s chool.

134. In college 在大学里In college, I can learn m ore about farm ing.

135. learn how to do s th.学习如何做…Man y young people are learning how to drive now. 136. What’s up?=What’s going on?=What’s wrong?=What’s the m atter?=What’s happening?

137. nothing=not…anything没有什么东西I can s ee nothing=I can’t see anything.

138. a dolphin show 海豚表演 a drawing s how画展 a fas hion show时装表演

139. be on s how 在展览中His drawings are on s how in the m us eum now.

140. show s b. s th.=show s th. to s b. 出示，把……给某人看

Pleas e s how m e your new watch=Pleas e s how your new watch to m e.

141. make it 约定时间，做到，办成功Let’s m ake it half pas t ten.

142. No problem没问题

143. finis h s th./doing s th.完成某事/完成做某时I’m going to finis h reading the book next week.

144. on land在陆地上An elephant is the bigges t anim al on land.

145. in water 在水里A dolphin lives in water.

146. have nothing to do无事可做I have nothing to do= I don’t have anything to do.

147. on holidays在度假I am on holidays.

148. It is+形容词+for sb. to do s th.对某人来说做某事是……

It’s us eful for us to l earn English well.对我们来说学好英语很有用。

It’s im portant for us to keep healthy.对我们来说保持健康很重要。

149. In fores ts and mountains.在山林里

149. can’t be 不可能是（在）They can’t be at hom e.

150. walk round and round in cages.在笼子里转来转去

151. fall into the water/river/lake掉（落）入水/河/湖里

152. go to the cinema=go to see a film去看电影

153. say “Hello/Goodbye/Sorry” to s b.向某人问好/道别/道歉

154. too+形容词+for …对……来说太…It’s too early for the dolphin s how.

155. tickets for boating/s wimm ing/s kiing划船/游泳/滑雪票

156. Shall we go for a walk?=Let’s go for a walk.=Why not go for a walk?=Why don’t we go for a walk?=How/What about going for a walk?=Would you like to go for a walk?

157. next to紧邻He s its next to m e.

158. need s th=want s th.需要某物I need som e help.

159. need to do s th. 有必要做某事Does s he need to have a res t?

160. need doing需要做……The bike needs m ending.当主语是物时，后接动词ing形式。161. all the s ame.仍然，还是He is old, but he goes to work all the s am e.

162. know the way识路los e one’s way迷路the way to…去某地的路on one’s way to…去某地的途中in a friendly way以友好的方式

162. as k sb. for help 向某人寻求帮助

163. as k…for…请求；向……要……Don’t always as k your parents for money.

164. walk/go along/up/down…沿着，顺着

165. take the+序数词+turning on the right/left=turn right/left at the+序数词

+crossing/turning在第几个交叉路口向右/左拐

Take the fourth turning on the left=Turn left at the fourth turning/cross ing.

166. take a bus乘车take a walk散步take one’s seat坐下take photos照相take s b. s ome time 花费某人的时间take …away 拿走take …out of 从……里拿出take good cake of 照顾好take off脱下take …to 把……带去…take…with随身携带

167. catch a bus=take a bus=go…by bus乘车He catches a bus to work=He goes to work by bus.

168. had better（not）do s th. 最好（不）做某事You’d better（not）tell him the news. 169. in front of 在某一范围外的前面，其反义词为behind.

170. in/at the front of 在某一范围内的前面或前部，其反义词为in/at the back of.

举例：The driver s its in the front of the car.

There are m any trees in front of the building.

171. s tand in a row.站成一横排Stand in a line站成一竖排

172. firs t…then…首先……接着…Firs t think it over, then write.

173. keep＋形容词“保持……”“让……”Keep quiet, please! We m us t keep healthy! 174. keep+sb./s th.+形容词/介词短语，表示使某人或某物保持某种状态。例如：

（1） Pleas e keep the window open. （2）We m us t keep our class room clean.

（2） The heavy s now keep them on the top of the m ountain.

175. keep+sb./s th.+v.ing让某人或某物保持做某个动作。

I’m s orry to keep you waiting s o long.对不起让你久等了。

The boss keeps him working twelve hou rs a day.老板让他一天工作十二个小时。

176. tell s b.（not）to do s th.告诉某人（不）做某事。例如：

He tells the s tudents to lis ten to him carefully.

She tells us not to play football in the s treet.

类似短语：as k s b.（not）to do s th. 请求某人（不）做某事

177. do with 对付，处置，摆弄What can you do with the book?

178. 主语+think/find/feel it +形容词+to do s th. 某人认为/发现/觉得干…怎么样。例如：（1） We think it helpful to do s om e reading every day.

（2） I find it difficult to work out the problem.

（3） I feel it interes ting to talk with the little boy.

179. 问路的常用表达：

（1） Where is the neares t pos t office?

（2） Is there a pos t office near here?

（3） Could you tell/s how m e the way to the pos t office?

（4） Could you tell m e how I can get to the pos t office?

（5） Could you tell m e how to get to the pos t office?

（6） Which is the way to the pos t office?

180. 指路的方法：

（1） It’s over there on the right/left.

（2） It’s about 10 m inutes’walk.

（3） Walk along/up/down the road/s treet, and take the s econd turning on the right.（4） Go down the s treet, and then turn left at the s econd crossing.

（5） Walk on until you reach the end, you can s ee it in front of you.

（6） You can go there on foot.

（7） You’d better catch a NO.6 bus. It will take you right there.

181. talk about s th.谈论某事talk to/with s b.和……交谈have a talk with sb和……交谈182. up and down上上下下，来来回回He is walking up and down in the room..

183. be bus y with s th. =be bus y doing s th. 忙于干某事

He is bus y with his work=He is bus y working. Mother is bus y cooking supper at the

m oment.

184. as k s b. about s th.询问某人关于某事的情况His father often as k him about his less on. 185. the city of…“……市”the cit y of Beijing 北京市the city of S ydney悉尼市

186. get into the lift/ the taxi 进入电梯/出租车get out of the lift/the taxi走出电梯/出租车187. catch a bus to work=go to work by bus乘公共汽车上班

中国美国英国

一楼 The firs t floor The ground floor

二楼 The s econd floor The firs t floor

三楼 The third floor The second floor

188. a place called/nam ed/with the name of…名叫……的地方

We live in a town called/nam ed/with the nam e of Lings han.

The boy called/named/with the name of Lin Youzhou is our monitor.

189. find “找到，发现”，常指偶然发现某物或某情况也指找到、发现某种有形的东西。190. “找出，查明”多指通过调查、询问之后找出、发现某种无形的、抽象的东西。

举例：（1）Can you find it on the map?

（2）Read it and find out the answer to the ques tion.

（3）Please find out when the train leave for Beijing.

一、语法：

1、一般过去时态。

2、反意疑问句。

3、感叹句。

4、介词in ,on和at的用法。

5、构词法：名词变形容词，形容词变副词。

6、邀请和应答。请求和许可。

7、一般将来时态。Will do 和be going to do的区别：二者都可以表示将来的动作或状态，有时可以互换，但又有区别。表示单纯将来的情况；Tom will vis it you ne xt week.或表示带有意愿色彩的将来；Don’t worry, I will help you with your Englis h.或表示客观上必然发生的事；I will be twenty next year.或依据事实做出科学的推测，尤其是天气预报。The radio s ays it will be rainy at tim es.以上情况应用结构。如下列句子，不宜用will替换：I am going to s ee him tom orrow. Tom is going to be a doctor when he grows up. The girl is going to be sick. She looks s ad. I think it is going to rain s oon.

8、掌握一般将来时，现在进行时和一般过去时和一般现在时的区别。

二、知识点归纳：

1、 remem ber记得，反义词为forget

【搭配】rem ember to do s th.记得要做…别忘记要做…（某事没做）

remem ber doing s th.记得曾经做过某事（某事已做过）

remem ber s th.记得某事

remem ber m e to s b.请代我向……问好

【拓展】forget to do s th.忘记了去做某事（某事没做）

初二英语语法学习归纳

初二英语语法大全一. 知识点：一般将来时一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。 be going to do （动词原形）结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain. will do 结构表示将来的用法： 1. 表示预见 Do you think it will rain? You will feel better after a good rest. 2. 表示意图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下：一般疑问句构成：（1）will+主语+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday? （2）there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be …? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won?t 否定句构成：will + not （won’t）+do Sarah won?t come to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成：特殊疑问词＋will＋主语＋…？What will Sarah do next Sunday? 根据例句，用will改写下列各句例：I don’t feel well today. （be better tomorrow） I?ll be better tomorrow. 1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight） _____________________________ 2. I’m tired now. （sleep later） _____________________________ 3. My parents need a new car. （buy one soon） _____________________________ 4. We can’t leave right now. （leave a little later） _____________________________ 5. The weather is awful today. （be better tomorrow） _____________________________ 答案：1. She’ll have a lot of homework tonight. 2. I?ll sleep later. 3. They?ll buy one soon. 4. We?ll leave a little later. 5. Maybe it?ll be better tomorrow. （二）should的用法： should用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在should后边加not. 例如：I think you should eat less junk food. 我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。 She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot.

初二下册英语语法

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Give suggestions 提出建议（1）You should say you are sorry. （2）You could write him a letter. （3）They shouldn’t argue. （4）Maybe you should call him up. （5）I think Evin should tell her friend to get different clothes. （6）Why don’t you tell him the truth? （7）Why not borrow one? （8）Let’s go shopping. （9）Shall we play soccer? （10）How about /What about seeing a movie? （11）You’d better not go out now. （12）It’s best to wear warm clothes. 三、语法点拨—过去进行时的用法 1．过去进行时的构成：动词be的过去式was /were＋动词的现在分词构成。（1）过去进行时的否定式是在动词be后加not构成。例如：He wasn’t watching TV when his mother came back. 妈妈回来的时候他没在看电视。 We weren’t playing basketball when he arrived. 他到的时候我们没有打篮球。

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A．do B．to do C．doing 8、He saw Dick in and take a book away. A．came B．coming C．come 、 9、Does Jack want a writer A．be B．is C．to be 10、The boss had them from morning to night. A．worked B．working C．work 【 11、It's time home. A．to go B．went C．going 12、Tom is kind. He would like you. A．to help B．help C．helped 【 13、Don't forget your books to school. A．bring B．to bring C．brought

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She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与 Which...? 1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如： What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？该句相当于： What does your father do? What is your father's job? Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如： ---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特？ ---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。 2. What...?是泛指，所指的事物没有范围的限制；而 Which...?是特指，所指的事物有范围的限制。如： What color do you like best? （所有颜色）你最喜爱什么颜色？ Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? （有特定的范围）你最喜爱哪一种颜色？ 3. what 与 which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如： Which pictures are from China? 哪些图片来自中国？ 4) 频度副词的位置 1.常见的频度副词有以下这些： always（总是，一直） usually（通常） often（常常，经常） sometimes（有时候） never（从不）

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narrow→narrower→narrowest （2）以不发音e结尾的单音节单词，比较级在原形后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st。 large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest （3）以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）单词中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est。 big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest （4）以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词，把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est。 easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest

busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest （5）其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most。 beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful different→more different→most different easily→more easily→most easily （6）有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。 good→better→best well→better→best bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst old→older/elder→oldest/eldest many/much→more→most little→less→least far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest

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初二英语语法总结 1) leave 的用法 1. “ leave地点"表示离开某地”。例如： When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的？ 2. “leav^o叶地点"表示动身去某地”。例如： Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3. “leave地点+fo叶地点"表示离开某地去某地”。例如： Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京？ 2) 情态动词should “应该”学会使用 should 作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如：How should I know? 我怎么知道？ Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？ should 有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如： We should help each other. 我们应当互相帮助。我们在使用时要注意以下几点： 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如： You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如： You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。 3. 用于表示可能性。should 的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如： We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与Which...? 1. what 与which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what 仅用来询问职业。如： What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？该句相当于： What does your father do?

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初二英语语法总结大全

初二英语语法总结大全一、人称代词 (1)第一人称单数I代表说话者,必须大写,"我". 如：I go to school every day.我每天去上学. (2)第一人称复数we代表说话者一方(二人或者二人以上)"我们". 如：We are swimming now.我们现在正在游泳. (3)第二人称单数、复数you代表听话者或者对方(复数you代表二人或二人以上). 如：Are you ready, Sam? 萨姆,你准备好了吗? (4)第三人称包括he、she、it. He "他" 代表已经提到过的男人. She"她" 代表已经提到过的女人.It "它"代表已经提到过的事物. 如：He is the tallest in the class. 他在班里是最高的. She has a little brother. 她有个小弟弟.、 I have a handbag. It is black. 我有个手提包,它是黑色的. (5)第三人称复数they "他们" 代表已经提到过的一些人或者一些事物,这个词没有性别之分. 如：Where are the teachers? They are over there. 老师们在哪里?他们在那边. Where are the apples? They are in the drawer. 苹果在哪里?它们在抽屉里. 注：1)人称代词主格在句中主要做主语. 如：We went to the zoo yesterday.我昨天去动物园了.

2) 人称代词宾格在句中主要作宾语. 如：Can you help me? 你能帮我吗? 3)人称代词做表语时一般用宾格. 如：Who is that? It's me. 是谁呀?是我. 4)在比较状语从句中,在不引起误解的前提下,有时用宾格代词代替主格代词. 如：He is taller than me. 它比我高. He loves you more than me. 她爱你胜过爱我. 5)两个以上的代名词并行排列时,其次序为： a) 单数人称代词：you he I. 如：You, he and I are good friends. 你我他都是好朋友. b) 复数人称代词为：we you they. 如：We and they went to the Great Wall yesterday. 我们和他们昨天都去长城了. c) 第三人称He和she 同时使用时,先说he,后说she. 如：He and she were late for school this morning.他和她今天早上都上学迟到了. 二、宾语从句 1、从属连接词 1)that引导宾语从句时，that在从句中补充当任何成分，在口语或非正式语中常被省略。 He said (that) he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚

初二英语语法汇总

知识点总结: 一般将来时 —般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，女口tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, n ext mon th, next week, in 100 years 等。 be goi ng to do (动词原形)结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is goi ng to rain. will do结构表示将来的用法： 1. 表示预见 Do you thi nk it will rai n? You will feel better after a good rest. 2. 表示意图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下：一般疑问句构成： (2)there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be …？ Will there be fewer trees? Y es, there will. / No, there won 't 否定句构成：will + not (won ) +do 特殊疑问句构成：

特殊疑问词+ will +主语+ …？What will Sarah do next Sun day? 根据例句，用will改写下列各句例：I don ' t feel well today.(be better tomorrow ) I ' ble better tomorrow. 1. Gina has six classes today. (have a lot of homework tonight) 2. I ' m tired now.sleep later) 3. My parents need a new car. (buy one soon) 4. We can ' t leave right now( leave a little later) 5. The weather is awful today. (be better tomorrow ) 答案：1. She ' ll have a lot of homework tonight. 2. I ' ll sleep later. 3. They ' ll buy one soon. 4. We llleave a little later. 5. Maybe it ' ll be better tomorrow. (二)should 的用法： should用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在加not.should后边

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