英语语法 现在分词和过去分词的用法

现在分词和过去分词的用法

分词是一种非谓语动词,在句中不能单独作谓语,没有人称和数的变化,它可以带宾语、状语和表语构成分词短语。分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示“主动和进行”，过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词在句中可作状语、定语、补足语和表语。

1.分词作状语

分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。

1) Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. 听到消息后,他们都欣喜若狂。

2) Using what you know of word stems and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word.

利用你学的词干和构词法，你就能猜猜新单词的含义。

3）The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.

学生们边说边笑地走出了教室。

4）Accompanied by his friend, he marketed his products.

在朋友的陪同下，他去推销了。

5）Given better attention, your orders will be more successful.

如果好好地办理，你的定单会更有胜算。

6) Not knowing the financial standing of the company ,they made an enquiry to the Chinese embassy in Tunis.

因为不知道那家公司的资信状况，他们便向中国驻突尼斯大使馆咨询。

7)“while ( when, once, until, if , though等连词)＋分词”结构作状语，如：

When leaving the factory, she was satisfied with the quality of the products.

离开工厂时，她对产品的质量很满意。

8) With the test finished, they began to order.测试完了之后，他们开始订货。

9) The goods dispatched, they faxed a shipping advice to the buyer.

货物装运后，他们便向买家发出装运通知。

2.分词作定语

分词作定语时，单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系)，过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。

1)We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.

一旦我们拿到追加的资金，我们就会继续实验。

2）This is really an exhausting day to all of us!

对我们所有的人来说，这真是令人疲惫不堪的一天。

3）We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.

我们能看到被太阳光照射到的月球的那部分。

4）After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I continued to explore more orders for my company.经过一夜的激动和无眠之后，我继续为公司招徕更多的订单。

5)More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries.越来越多的发展中国家与发达国家建立了战略伙伴关系。

3.分词作补足语

分词在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官动词和look at, listen to等短语动词以及have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语，作宾语补语的成分。

1) On the top of the hill, we could see smoke rising from the chimneys in the village.站在山顶,我们可以看到炊烟从村子里面的烟窗里弥漫出来.

2)The little boy sat there and watched the trains roaring by.

小男孩坐在那里,注视着火车呼啸而过.

3)I am sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.

对不起,让你等了很久了。

4）I had the goods stowed, but the stowage charges would be at your cost.

我已经让人理仓了，但是理仓费由你们负担。

4.分词作表语

分词作表语通常看作形容词来用。现在分词表示主语的性质，而且主语多为物；过去分词表示主语的感受或状态，主语多为人。

1)The film “Pearl Harbor” is really exciting. I am excited about it.

电影《珍珠港》真刺激。我真是兴奋不已啊。

2)His response to the enquiry was quite disappointing. I felt disappointed at his response.

他对询单的回复很令人失望。我对他的回复很失望。

3) Our customer service is satisfying. You will be satisfied with our customer service.

英语中的分词分两种：现在分词（the present participle）和过去分词（the past participle）。虽然它们在句子中都可作名词修饰语、接系动词补足语、宾语补足语等，但是它们形式不同，而且语义也有差别。

现在从四方面举例说明。

⒈现在分词表示动作是主动的和正在进行的（例①-③）；过去分词的动作是被动的和完成的（例④-⑥）：

①The boiling water is hot.

② A sleeping baby is good to look at.

③She has a smiling face.

④You can use the boiled water to make tea.

⑤Where is my lost key?

⑥ A broken mirror cannot be repaired.

有时，由于两个动词“异词同义”，其分词也跟着不同，如：

⑦a. Have you seen the man wearing a T-shirt?

b. Who is the man dressed in a blue shirt?

⑧a. His new book consisting of useful data has been well received.

b. Do you like the book made up of untrue stories?

⒉在语义上，现在分词和过去分词反映的心理状态不同。前者有“令人……”的含义（见例⑨）；过去分词则有“感到……”的意思（见例⑩）：

⑨The soccer match last night was thrilling.（令人紧张）

⑩The soccer fans were delighted.（感到高兴）

其他例子有：

● amazing: amazed;

● annoying: annoyed;

● boring: bored;

● confusing: confused;

● surprising: surprised;

● terrifying: terrified

试比较11a和b以及12a和b:

11a. This is the most confusing system I have ever seen.

11b. The children will get confused if asked to learn too much at a time.

12a. David came with some surprising news.

12b. All were surprised at Sam's sudden resignation.

⒊在作宾语补足语时，如果宾语是有关分词逻辑上的主语，就用现在分词，如:

13. The teacher found a student dozing off.

14. Don't keep the visitor waiting.

如果宾语和有关分词有“动词+宾语”关系，那么这个分词就要是过去分词了，如：

15. Where did you get your book printed?

16. You should have your office whitewashed.

在13里，正在打瞌睡的是宾语“a student”; 在14里，宾语是“the visitor”。15里，“printed”的宾语是“books”; 16里，“whitewashed”的宾语是“his office”。

4.分词短语相当于副词从句，但现在式表示的是主动的行动，如例 ，过去式表示被动的行动，如：

17 Entering the room, she found the wall newly painted.

18 Written in haste, the essay had some errors.

历年真题：

1. should not become a serious disadvantage in life and work. （2010-65）

A. To be not tall

B. Not being tall

C. Being not tall

D. Not to be tall

2. What a nice day! How about the three of us a walk in the park nearby? （2009-51）

A. to take

B. take

C. taking

D. to be taking

3. It is not uncommon for there problems of communication between the old and the young. （2007-63）

A. being

B. would be

C. be

D. to be

4. at in his way, the situation does n’t seem so desperate. （2007-64）

A. Looking

B. Looked

C. Being looked

D. To look

5. There are only ten apples left in the baskets, the spoilt ones. （2006-63）

A. not counting

B. not to count

C. don’t count

D. having not counted

6. What’s the change of a general election this year? （2005-61）

A. there being

B. there to be

C. there be

D. there going to be

7. If not with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time. （2004-45）

A. being treated

B. treated

C. be treated

D. having been treated

8. The Minister of Finance is believed of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue. （2004-58）

A. that he is thinking

B. to be thinking

C. that he is to think

D. to think

9. Agriculture is the country’s chief source of wealth, wheat by far the biggest cereal crop. （2003-41）

A. is

B. been

C. be

D. being

10. Time , the celebration will be held as scheduled. （2003-48）

A. permit

B. permitting

C. permitted

D. permits

11. AIDS is said the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years in that region. （2002-46）

A. being

B. to be

C. to have been

D. having been

12. is not a serious disadvantage in life. （2001-51）

A. To be not tall

B. Not to be tall C Being not tall D. Not being tall

13. There nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier. （2000-45）

A. to be

B. to have been

C. being

D. be

14. at in this way, the present economic situation doesn’t seem so gloomy. （2000-51）

A. Looking

B. Looked

C. Having looked

D. To look

15. The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country,

by the police each time. （1999-42）

A. had been captured

B. being always captured

C. only to be captured

D. unfortunately captured

16. Professor Johnson is said some significant advance in his research in the past year. （1999-43）

A. having made

B. making

C. to have made

D. to make

17. ，he can now only watch it on TV at home. （1998-45）

A. Obtaining not a ticket for the match

B. Not obtaining a ticket for the match

C. Not having obtained a ticket for the match

D. Not obtained a ticket for the match

18. enough time and money, the researchers would have been able to discover more in this field.？（1998-51）

A. Giving

B. To give

C. Given

D. Being given

19. I never regretted the offer, for it was not where my interest lay. （1993-53）

A. not to accept

B. not having accepted

C. having not accepted

D. not accepting

动词过去分词及独立主格结构的用法

动词过去分词及独立主格结构的用法 一、过去分词的定义及其基本形式 1．过去分词是动词的另一种非限定形式，过去分词具有动词、形容词和副词的特性，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。过去分词和宾语或状语一起构成过去分词短语。如： （1）spoken English 英语口语（过去分词具有形容词的特性，作定语） （2）Given more time, we could do it much better. =If we were given more time, we could do it much better. 多给点时间，我们会做得更好些。 （过去分词具有动词的特性，有自己的宾语more time，构成分词短语；过去分词短语在句中作状语，具有副词的特性。） 2．过去分词的基本形式 （1）规则动词的过去分词由动词＋ed构成 （2）不规则动词的过去分词须逐个记忆。 （3）不规则动词的过去分词表示完成，如： fallen leaves =leaves which have fallen落叶 （4）及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成，如： the machines used in the workshop =the machines which are used in the workshop 车间用的机器（及物动词的过去分词表示被动） I heard the door opened. =I heard the door has been opened. 我听见门被打开了。（及物动词的过去分词表示被动和完成） 二、过去分词的句法功能 过去分词是一种非谓语动词，在句中不能单独做谓语。但它具有形容词和副词的特性，故在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。

高中英语语法讲解与练习之动词过去分词

高中英语语法之动词过去分词 简介 规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成(具体规则见后)，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。过去分词则属于类动词 1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,不但表示被动,还表示已完成了.The cup is broken. 茶杯破了. 2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,只表示动作的完成. He is retired. 他已退休. 3. 有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很接近被动结构. 过去分词构成规则 1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则： (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y" 变为"i" ，再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried , (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 2 、不规则动词，见不规则表 一、当过去分词作为表语 The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山. 【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作. (1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作) (2) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了.(过去分词作表语) 【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成, -ing 形式表示主动或进行.有些动词如interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用-ing 形式来修饰物. (3) The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣. 二、当过去分词作为定语 作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成. 1. 过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前. We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况. 2. 过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中. The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功. 3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号. The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人. 4. 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关.

高中英语过去分词用法练习题及答案

习题精选---分词用法: boy went to the ball,＿like a pretty girl. A. dressing B. wearing C. wore D. dressed 2.＿in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed 3. The film was made＿on a true old story. A. base B. to be based C. based D. basing 4. When＿,the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 5.＿to his research, he almost forgot everything. A. Devoting B. Devoted C. To devote D. Devote 6. ＿his attention on his novel, he didn’t notice the teacher coming. A. Fixed B. Fixing C. Fix D. To fix 7.＿on his novel, he didn’t notice the teacher coming. A. Fixed B. Fixing C. Fix D. To fix old engineer talked of the difficulty they ＿the tower. A. built B. had building C. had built D. build 9. ＿such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 10.＿the past, our life is becoming much better. A. Comparing with B. Be compared with C. To compare with D. Compared with 11. The boy was last seen ＿near the East Lake. A. playing B. play C. played D. to play was very unhappy for ＿to the party. A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ＿“Sorry to miss you; will call later.” A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read 14. We went to see him yesterday evening, ＿him away. A. finding B. find C. only to find D. found 15. ＿of plastics, the machines are easy to carry. A. To make B. Having made C. Being made D. Made Suggested answers: 1-5 DACA B 6-10 BABAD 11-15 ADCCD

英语语法详解ed分词(三)

英语语法详解ed分词（三） Her eyes filled with tears, she did not notice his ing. 18) This , we went out to play. ［A］ was done［B］ did［C］ was dong［D］ done 19) all his followers dead, the mander was taken by his enemy. ［A］ For［B］ As［C］ Because of［D］ With 1) B为正确答案。空档前是一完整的句子，在没有连词的情况下，不能填充A和D；根据题意，"利息"是"通过…(被)挣来的"，有被动之意，所以选B。 2) B为正确答案。此句的意思是"房子"被"遗弃，没人住"，是被动的意义，而A和C都不符合这一点。D是动词不定式，一般表示将来或具体动作，所以D也不对。 3) D错。应去掉多余的"is"，使-ED分词"examined"作后置定 语修饰"object"。C处并没有错。"present"是形容词，它与后面的 成分构成形容词短语修饰限定前面的"the ratio…carbon"。 4) D为正确答案。这句话前半句的-ED分词相当于一个时间状 语从句"When he was inaugurated a second time …"，主句的主语应当是人，所以A和D为可能选项，但A中的look forward to后应跟名词，那么只有D为正确选项。 5) A为正确答案。本句的意思是"在显微镜下看，雪花……"，显然这里的看是"被观察"之义。B、C、D都表示主动，A为正确选项。

过去分词用法

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