搜档网
当前位置:搜档网 › to do用法

to do用法

to do用法
to do用法

动词不定式用法小结

英语动词的非谓语形式为三种:动词不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化。

动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,其结构为“to+动词原形”,其中to不是介词,而是动词不定式的符号,称为小品词,动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语,在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。

一. 作主语例如:

To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。

To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。

To say is to believe.眼见为实。

动词不定式(短语)作主语时,为了避免句子的头重脚轻,可以用“it”作形式主语,而把真正的主语--动词不定式(短语)放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示为:It is hard to be a doctor.

It is not easy to learn English well. 再如:

It’s important to plant trees in spring.

如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的,可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for引导的短语,称为不定式的复合结构。例:

It’s good for us to read English aloud in the morning.

对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。

It is important for students to use English every day.

对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。

二. 作表语:(在形式上,位于系动词后的就是表语。从含义上讲,表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。)

动词不定式(短语)作表语常用于系词be的后面。例:

His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是开车。

My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是饲养动物。

Her ambition is to be a doctor. 她的理想是当医生。

三. 作宾语

动词不定式(短语)可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语,能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有:begin, start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask等。例:

I want to tell you a story. 我想给你讲个故事。

They begin to work at eight every morning. 他们每天早晨8点开始工作。

Don’t forget to lock the door.别忘了锁门。

Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow?明天和我们一起去野餐好吗?

*如果and连接两个动词不定式,第二个动词不定式一般省“to”例:

(1)He wants to go and have a swim with us. 他想和我们一起去游泳。

(2)若作宾语的动词不定式(短语)很长,可用it作形式宾语。

I find it interesting to learn English with you. 我觉得和你一起学英语很有趣。

He found it hard to catch up with others.他觉得赶上别人很困难。

四. 作宾语补足语。例如:

The teacher asked us to read English for half an hour in the morning.

老师让我们早晨读半小时英语。

The teacher often tells Jim not to spend too much time playing computer games.

老师常告诉Jim不要花太多时间玩电脑游戏。

Please let me help you.让我来帮助你。

动词不定式作宾语补足语,表示宾语所做的动作,可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:tell, ask, want, like, invite, encourage, help等。但在let, make, see, watch, hear, feel, notice, have等感官听觉动词或使役动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号“to”,可以归纳为以下三种句式:

1.不可以省to的不定式作宾语补足语:

tell /ask / want / would like / wish / like / invite /encourage /teach sb. to do sth.

例:The teacher told us to come earlier tomorrow.

I want you to go now. 我想让你现在就走。

Her parents wish her to be a teacher.她父母亲希望她当老师。

2.省“to”的不定式作宾语补足语:

Let / make / have sb. do sth.

Let the boy go out now. 让那个男孩出去。

The boy made the baby cry. 男孩弄哭了这个小孩。

see / watch / hear / notice / feel sb. do sth.

I saw the students play basketball on the playground yesterday.

昨天我看见学生们在操场打篮球。

I often hear the girl sing in the next room. 我经常听到女孩在隔壁唱歌。

3.可省可不省的:

help sb. (to)do sth.

I often help my mother (to)do housework.

我经常帮妈妈做家务。

*动词不定式的否定式是直接在to之前加not. 例:

(1)Tell them not to play football in the street.告诉他们不要在街道上踢足球。

(2)省to的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面加not. 例:

Let the boy not go. 让那个男孩别走。

(3)如果将主动语态变为被动语态时,作宾语补足语的动词不定式变为主语补足语,动词不定式则不省“to”,即原来省的再加上,例:

The boy made the baby cry.

The baby was made to cry by the boy.那个孩子被男孩弄哭了。

五. 动词不定式作定语

动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词,放于所修饰的词后,为后置定语。例:Who was the first one to arrive? 谁第一个到的?

She has no paper to write on? 她没有纸写字?

The best way to learn English is to use it. 学英语最好的方法是使用它。

When is the best time to plant vegetables?什么时候是种植蔬菜的最好时间?

Do you have something to drink? 你这有喝的吗?

*动词不定式(短语)作定语修饰名词时,与其所修饰的词具有一种动宾关系,如果不定式中的动词为不及物动词时,其后应加上一个含义上所需要的介词。例:

I have no chair to sit on.我没有椅子坐。

He has no house to live in.他没有房子住。

六. 动词不定式作目的状语:

动词不定式作目的状语常用在go, come, hurry等不及物动词后,表目的。

He went to see his sister yesterday.他昨天去看妹妹了。

They got up early to catch the early bus.他们早起去赶早班车。

有时可以把不定式(短语)提前,放于句首,表示强调目的。例:

To early English quickly and well, he went to England.

为了更快更好地学英语,他去了英国。

不定式做状语,可表示动作的目的、结果、原因、条件和方式。

A. 表目的

表目的时,不定式可放在句子的前面也可放在句子的末尾。但在句子前面时,不定式常与句子用逗号隔开;而在句子末尾时一般不用逗号隔开。如:

To get there on time, we set out at five in the morning. 为了按时到达那儿,我们早晨五点就出发了。

He goes there to enjoy the fresh air. 他去那儿享受那儿的新鲜空气。

比较:to do, in order to do, so as to do都可表示目的,但to do, in order to do的位置既可在句首,又可在句末;而so as to do只能在句末

---In order to build a house, he bought some wood and steel yesterday.

—He bought some wood and steel yesterday in order to build a house.

---He bought some wood and steel yesterday so as to build a house. 为了建房,昨天他买来了木料和钢材。

B. 表结果

不定式在下列结构中表示谓语动作的结果,不定式的位置一般在句子末尾。

(1) 表示终结性的动词find, see, hear, learn, discover的不定式,常表示出乎意料的结果,并且,不定式前常有never, only等副词修饰。如:

I hurried to the railway station yesterday, (only) to find that the train had left. 昨天我急急忙忙赶到火车站时,发现火车已经开走了。

I went to the classroom, to discover it empty. 我走到教室,结果发现教室是空的。

(2) 在“so + adj. / adv. + as + to do”中。如:

The scenery is so beautiful as to attract many people here every year. 景色非常美,每年都要吸引很多人来这里。

(3) 在“adj. / adv. + enough + to do”中。如:

He ran fast enough to catch up with Li Lei. 他跑得很快,结果赶上了李蕾。

(4) 在“so + adj. / adv. +a(n) + n. + as + to do”中。如:

This is so interesting a story as to interest children. 这是个很有趣的故事,使孩子们非常感兴趣。

(5) 在“such + adj. / adv. + n. + as + to do”中。如:

She is such a good girl to help you make great progress. 她是个非常好的姑娘,帮助你取得了很大的进步。

(6) 在“too + adj. / adv. + to do”中。如:

They went too slowly to catch the early bus. 他们走得太慢了,结果没能赶上早班车。

C. 表原因

不定式表示原因时,一般放在句子的末尾,说明主语某种心情、情感(glad, pleased, sad, worried, sorrow, excited) 所产生的原因。如:

I’m very glad to hear that Li Lei has been elected secretary of the Party. 听说李蕾被选为了党的书记,我很高兴。

D. 表条件

不定式表示条件时,一般放在句首。如:

To be heated, liquid will change into gas. 如果受热,液体就会变成气体。

E. 表方式

不定式可接在as if / as though之后表示方式时,如:

He moved his mouth as if to say something. 他的嘴唇动了动,好像要说什么事似的。

七. 不定式和疑问词连用,可以作句子的主语、宾语、表语等。例:

The problem is where to get a computer. (表语)

No one knows how to do it. 没有人知道如何做这件事。(宾)

I really don’t know which one to choose. (宾)我真的不知道选哪一个。

When and where to have the party is not known. (主语)

何时何地举行联欢还不知道。

*不定式和疑问词连用作宾语时有时可以改为宾语从句。例:

I don’t know what to do next.我不知下一步该做什么?

I don’t know what I should do next.

【模拟试题】(答题时间:30分钟)

一. 选择填空:

1. He asked me ________ here earlier.

A. come

B. to come

C. coming

D. came

2. Please tell him _______ on the wall.

A. don’t draw

B. to not draw

C. not to draw

D. not draw

3. He wanted ________ a cup of tea.

A. to have

B. having

C. have

D. had

4. I’d like ________ a word with you.

A. had

B. having

C. to have

D. have

5. I came here _______ my uncle.

A. saw

B. to see

C. seeing

D. to be seen

6. The man refused (拒绝)________ back his words.

A. to take

B. taking

C. took

D. takes

7. I can let you ________ one ticket.

A. to have

B. have

C. having

D. had

8. We often heard him _________ in his room.

A. to sing

B. sings

C. sang

D. sing

9. He was made ________ day and night.

A. work

B. working

C. to work

D. worked

10. He stopped ______ a look, but saw nothing.

A. having

B. to have

C. have

D. had

11. My father was too angry _________ a word.

A. to say

B. not to say

C. to saying

D. didn’t say

12. My brother was old enough ________ to school.

A. went

B. goes

C. going

D. to go

13. It is time ________ him ________ supper.

A. of, to have

B. for, to have

C. of, having

D. for, to has

14. It’s very kind _______ you ______ me.

A. of, to help

B. for, to help

C. of, help

D. of, helping

15. It’s important _________ our classroom clean every day.

A. kept

B. to keep

C. to give

D. keep

16. Before liberation (解放)they had no chance _______ to school.

A. went

B. go

C. to go

D. to be gone

17. He said he had an important meeting ________.

A. attend

B. would attend

C. attending

D. to attend

18. Please give me a piece of paper ________. A. to write B. to write on C. writing D. to write it

19. I don’t know _______.

A. what do

B. what will do

C. what to do

D. do what

20. Your radio needs ________.

A. to be repaired

B. to repair

C. repaired

D. to repairing

21. My wish is ________ a teacher.

A. becoming

B. to become

C. become

D. became

22. I want ________ him a letter now.

A. to write

B. not write

C. write

D. wrote

23. It took us three days _________ the trees.

A. plant

B. planted

C. to plant

D. plants

24. Why not ________ here _______ me?

A. to come, to see

B. come, to see

C. came, seeing

D. come, see

25. He wishes me ______ my best _________ hard at English.

A. to do, to work

B. doing, working

C. to do, working

D. do, work

26. Please tell me ________ her. I have something _______ her.

A. where to find, telling

B. where to find, to tell

C. where can find, to tell

D. where finding, telling

27. How happy they are ______ each other again!

A. to see

B. see

C. saw

D. being seen

28. They decided (决心)_______ a letter ______ their thanks.

A. to write, expressing(表达)

B. writing, express

C. write, expressed

D. to write, to express

29. The officer ordered (命令)him _______ down _________ a rest.

A. lying, have

B. to lie, to have

C. to lie, having

D. lie, had

30. The headmaster called on (号召)us ______ hard for our country.

A. to work

B. worked

C. work

D. to working

二. 根据上句意思完成下句,使两句意思相近或相同,每空一词。

1. He was so angry that he couldn’t say anything.

He was too angry _______ ______ anything.

2. I don’t know when we will have the meeting.

I don’t know when _______ _______ the meeting.

3. He said he would write a letter.

He said he would have a letter ______ _______.

4. That you read English in the morning is very important.

It is very important _____ you _____ _______ English in the morning.

5. He was so strong that he could lift the stone. (石头)

He was strong _____ _____ ______ the stone.

6. His father went to Beijing for his holiday.

His father went to Beijing ________ ______ his holiday.

7. They got up early so that they could get there in time.

They got up early _____ ______ _______ ______ there in time.

8. His brother decided that he would buy the book.

His brother decided _____ _______ the book.

9. He hopes that he can visit the Great Wall.

He hopes _____ _______ the Great Wall.

10.I saw him go into the room.

He was seen _____ ______ into the room.

11.We made him work five hours a day.

He was made _____ ______ five hours a day.

12.Do you want to say anything for yourself?

Do you have anything _____ _____ for yourself?

13.We don’t know what we shall do next.

We don’t know what ____ _______ next.

14.I’m very sorry on hearing the bad news.

I’m very sorry _____ _______ the bad news.

15.He stopped and had a look at me.

He stopped _____ ______ a look at me.

16.I helped him with his English.

I helped him _____ ______ English.

17.My father promised (许诺)that he would buy me a bike.

My father promised ____ ______ me a bike.

18.The box is so heavy that I c an’t carry it.

The box is too heavy ______ me _______ _______.

19.“Lie down! ”the boy said to his dog.

The boy ordered his dog ______ ______ down.

20.“Don’t make any noise, ”she said to me.

She told me ______ _______ ________ any noise. 【试题答案】

一.

1. B

2. C

3. A

4. C

5. B

6. A

7. B 8. D 9. C 10. B 11. A 12. D

13. B 14. A 15. B 16. C 17. D 18. B

19. C 20. A 21. B 22. A 23. C 24. B

25. A 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. A

二.

1. to say

2. to have

3. to write

4. for, to, read

5. enough, to lift

6. to spend

7. in, order, to, get

8. to buy 9. to visit 10. to go 11. to work 12. to say

13. to do 14. to hear 15. to have 16. to learn(study)17. to buy 18. for, to carry 19. to lie 20. not, to make

各种中药材的性味与归经汇总

可用于保健食品的中草药名单如外感初起,或里热炽盛,或肝阳上亢,以及湿阻、食滞等引起的胸闷腹胀、便溏泄泻等症,都应忌用。如体质壮实之火,并无虚弱现象,则不必再进服人参、人参叶、人参果、三七、土茯苓、大蓟、女贞子、山茱萸、川牛补药,膝、川贝母、川芎、马鹿胎、马鹿茸、马鹿骨、丹参、五加皮、五味子、升妄用本品,如误用或多用,往往反而导致闭气,而出现胸闷腹胀等症。此外,一般认为服用人参时,不可同时服食萝卜、茶叶等食物。麻、天门冬、天麻、太子参、巴戟天、木香、木贼、牛蒡子、牛蒡根、车前 2.子、车前草、北沙参、平贝母、玄参、生地黄、生何首乌、白及、白术、白人参叶 【性味归经】苦、甘、寒。归肺、胃经。芍、白豆蔻、石决明、石斛(需提供可使用症明)、地骨皮、当归、竹茹、【功能主治】补气,益肺,祛暑,生津。用于气虚咳嗽,暑热烦躁,红花、红景天、西洋参、吴茱萸、怀牛膝、杜仲、杜仲叶、沙苑子、牡丹皮、津伤口渴,头目不清,四肢倦乏。芦荟、苍术、补骨脂、诃子、赤芍、远志、麦门冬、龟甲、佩兰、侧柏叶、【用法用量】制大黄、制何首乌、刺五加、刺玫果、泽兰、泽泻、玫瑰花、玫瑰茄、知母、 3~9克。 【用药宜忌】不宜与黎芦同用。罗布麻、苦丁茶、金荞麦、金樱子、青皮、厚朴、厚朴花、姜黄、枳壳、枳 【按实、柏子仁、珍珠、绞股蓝、胡芦巴、茜草、荜茇、韭菜子、首乌藤、香附、语】本品市场所售较为混乱,或以大叶三七的叶、或以竹节三七的叶应用。骨碎补、党参、桑白皮、桑枝、浙贝母、益母草、积雪草、淫羊藿、菟丝子、 3.人参果野菊花、银杏叶、黄芪、湖北贝母、番泻叶、蛤蚧、越橘、槐实、蒲黄、蒺【性味归经】味甘,性温。归脾、胃二经。藜、蜂胶、酸角、墨旱莲、熟大黄、熟地黄、鳖甲。 【功能主治】号强心补肾、生津止渴、补脾健胃、调经活血。主治神经2002卫法监发[]51保健食品禁用物品名单衰弱、失眠头昏、烦躁口渴、不思饮食。 【用法用量】内服:煎汤,15八角莲、八里麻、千金子、土青木香、山莨菪、川乌、广防己、马桑叶、~20克;或泡黄酒饮。 4.马钱子、六角莲、天仙子、巴豆、水银、长春花、甘遂、生天南星、生半夏、三七 【性味归经】甘、微苦,温。归肝、胃经。生白附子、生狼毒、白降丹、石蒜、关木通、农吉痢、夹竹桃、朱砂、米壳【功能主治】(罂粟壳)、红升丹、红豆杉、红茴香、红粉、羊角拗、羊踯躅、丽江山慈散瘀止血,消肿定痛。用于咯血,吐血,衄血,便血,崩漏,外伤出血,胸腹剌痛,跌扑肿痛。姑、京大戟、昆明山海棠、河豚、闹羊花、青娘虫、鱼藤、洋地黄、洋金花、【用法用量】多研末服,每次1、草乌、香加皮(杠柳皮)牵牛子、砒石(白砒、红砒、砒霜)、骆驼蓬、鬼~1.5克;亦可入煎剂,3~10克,外用适量,研末外掺或调敷。臼、莽草、铁棒槌、铃兰、雪上一枝蒿、黄花夹竹桃、斑蝥、硫磺、雄黄、 【用药宜忌】雷公藤、颠茄、藜芦、蟾酥。孕妇慎用。 可用于保健食品中草药的药性归经5.土茯苓 【性味归经】甘、淡,平。归肝、胃经。人参1. 【功能主治】甘、微苦,平。归脾、肺、心经。【性味归经】除湿,解毒,通利关节。用于湿热淋浊,带下,痈肿,瘰疬,疥癣,梅毒及汞中毒所致的肢体拘挛,筋骨疼痛。大补元气,复脉固脱,补脾益肺,生津,安神。用于体【功能主治】 【用法用量】内服,煎汤,15~虚欲脱,肢冷脉微,脾虚食少,肺虚喘咳,津伤口渴,内热消渴,久病虚羸,30克;外用研末调敷。 【用药宜忌】惊悸失眠,阳痿宫冷;心力衰竭,心原性休克。肝肾阴亏者慎用。服药期间忌饮茶。 6.大蓟,15~2.5【用量用法】克,用文火另煎,单独服(先饮汁,再食渣) 【性味归经】甘,凉。归肝经。克,煎50~25或将参汁加入其它药汁内饮服;如用于急救虚

初一TODO不定式总结

1.carry on\keep doing 坚持做某事 2. practise doing sth. 练习做某事 3. keep sb. Doing 使某人一直做某事 4. enjoy doing 喜欢做某事 5. finish doing 完成做某事 6. be afraid of doing 害怕做某事 be busy doing 忙于做某事 9. how about doing//what about doing 做某事怎么样 10. spend some time (in)doing 花时间做某事 11. spend some money (in) buying 花钱做某事 12. feel like doing 想做某事 13. stop/keep/prevent …from doing 阻止某人做某事 14. thank sb for doing 感谢某人做某事 15. thanks for doing 感谢做某事 16. do some cooking/cleaning/reading/shopping/was hing 做点饭、打扫一下卫生、读点书、逛逛街、洗洗衣服 17. go swimming/fishing/shopping/skating/boat ing 去游泳、钓鱼、逛街、滑冰、划船18. mind doing 介意做某事 can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事21. have fun/difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth. 做某事有趣、有困难、有困难、有困难 22. waste time/money doing 浪费时间、钱做某事 23. instead of doing 代替做某事 24. miss doing 错过做某事 含有不带to的动词不定式句型: 1. had better (not) do sth. 最好(不)做某事 2. would you please (not) do sth. 你可以做某事吗? 3. why not do sth. 为什么不做某事? 4. why don’t you do sth. 为什么你不做某事? 5. Shall we do sth.? 我们要做某事吗? 6. let sb do sth. 让某人做某事 7. make/have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事含有带to的动词不定式句型 1. It’s time to do sth. 现在是做某事的时候了 2. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花了某人时间 3. tell/ask/want/encourage/invite/ sb. to do sth. 告诉、叫、想、鼓励、邀请某人做某事 4. Would you like to do sth.? 你想做某事吗/ 5. It’s good/bad to do sth. 做某事好、不好 6. It’s good/bad for sb.to do sth. 某人做某事好、不好 7. be+adj.+enough to do sth. 足够+形容词做某事 8. sb. is ready to do sth. 某人准备好做某事 9. It’s+adj.+ for sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人+形容词(做这件事对你好)10. It’s+adj.+ of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事+形容词(你做这件事真好)11. would like/love /decide/want/wish/to do sth. 想、喜欢、决定、想、希望做某事 12. would like/love sb. to do sth. 想、喜欢某人做某事 13. Prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 I prefer to stay at home rather than go out. 我宁愿呆在家里不愿出去 14. how/ when/where/whether to do sth 怎么、什么时候、在哪里、要不要做某事 15. can’t wait to do 迫不及待做某事 16. too …to do …太怎么样而不能做某事 17. be afraid /ready/able/sure to do 害怕、准备、能够、确定做某事

todo与doing的区别

--- to do与doing的区另U 一般情况下,to do 是一般将来式,是打算去做什么(未做);doing是现在进行式,是现在正在做什么,或(此事已做过或已发生、正做) like to do 和like doing 的用法有什么区别 简单的记忆方法。当表示喜欢,用like doing ,如:He likes cooking in his house. She likes singing. 表示爱好。 当表示想要,欲做某事(但还没进行)用like to do ,例如:He likes to cook in his house.- 他想在自己家做饭吃。 She likes to stay with us.- 她想和我们带一块儿。(但还没进行) 2 forget doin g/to do forget to do 忘记要去做某事。(未做) forget doing 忘记做过某事。(已做) The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着,它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作) He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。(已做过关灯的动作) Don't forget to come tomorrow. 别忘了明天来。(to come动作未做) 3 remember doin g/to do remember to do 记得去做某事(未做) remember doing 记得做过某事(已做) Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。 Don't you remember see ing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗? 感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel +doing表示动作的连续性,进行性 I saw him working in the garden yesterday. (强调”我见他正干活”这个动作) 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。

可用虚拟语气的用法总结

虚拟语气的用法总结 语气:语气是动词的一中形式,它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望,假设或推测等。如If I were you, I should study English. 一.虚拟语气在条件从句的用法 条件句有两类,一类是真实条件句;一类是非真实条件句,也就是虚拟条件句。 如果假设的情况是有可能发生的,就是真实条件句,谓语要用陈述语气。如If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的,或将来不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。如If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,主句 If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled. 有时候省略if,采用局部倒装语序。把had /should/were 等动词(不包括行为动词)移到从句的句首。例如: Were it to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be canceled. Had it not been for the storm, we would have arrived in time. Should the earth stop running, what would happen? 二. 错综时间条件句 有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致,这时需要根据意思采用表示不同时间的动词形式来进行调整。 If she had taken the doctor’s advice, she might still be alive. If I were you, I would have accepted their terms. 三.含蓄条件句

英语八年级课件-动词不定式的用法

动词不定式用法总结 动词不定式的构成是to+动词原形,但to 有时可以省略。它是一种活跃的非谓语动词形式,很多同学把它和谓语动词混在一起,掌握起来有困难。下面我们就对动词不定式做出简单归纳,帮助同学们记忆。 一、不定式作主语 在英语中,很多情况下,我们用代词it来代替不定式作主语,而把不定式移到句子的后部以平衡句子。此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由for或of引出。 ( )1.It’s our duty ____the room every day . A.to clean B.cleaned C.clean D.cleans ( )2.It’s very nice _____you to get me two tickets _____the World Cup. A.for,of B.of ,for C.to,for D.of ,at 二、不定式作宾语 常见类型如下: 1)动词+带to的动词不定式。常见的有:afford,agree,decide,expect,hope,want,fail,plan等,例如: ( )3.He wants _____some vegetables . A.buy B.buying C.to buy D.buys 2)动词+疑问词+带to的动词不定式。 ( )4.There is no difference between the two words .I really don’t know ______. A.what to choose B.which to choose C.to choose which D.to choose what 另外,动词不定式用作宾语时,如果后跟形容词作宾语补足语,在这样的复合宾语 中,常把it放在宾语的位置作形式宾语,而把不定式放在句尾平衡句子。例如: ( )5.He found it very different_________. A.sleeping B.sleeps C.fall asleep D.to fall asleep 三、不定式作宾语补足语 作宾语补足语的句型也有两个。 1)动词+宾语+带to的不定式。常见的这类动词有:ask ,teach,tell,want,like,advice,invite,allow,warn等。例如: ( )6.Robert often asks us ____his Chinese ,so his Chinese is much better than before . A.help him B.to help him with C.to help with D.helps him with 2)动词+宾语+不带to的不定式。常见的这类动词有:see,hear,watch,notice,let,make,等,例如: ( )7.We saw him ___into the building and go upstairs. 四、** come https://www.sodocs.net/doc/1016831223.html,e https://www.sodocs.net/doc/1016831223.html,ing D.came 不定式作定语 不定式作定语,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。例如: ( )8.---Would you like sonething_____? ----Yes ,please. 五、** B.drinking C.to drink D.drinks 不定式作状语 不定式及其短语具有副词的特性,可在句中用作状语。放在句尾或句首表示目的;也可跟在作表语的形容词或过去分词的后面,还可用于enough to---,too---to等结构中,例如: ( )9.She is old enoigh ____the things she likes.

todoanddoing用法

加to do 的动词 attempt企图enable能 够 neglect忽视afford负担得 起 demand要求long渴 望 arrange安排destine注 定 mean意欲,打算begin开 始 expect期望omit忽略,漏 appear似乎,显得determine决定manage设 法cease停止 hate憎恨,厌恶pretend假装 ask问dread害 怕 need需要agree同 意

desire愿望love 爱 swear宣誓volunteer志愿 wish希望bear承 受 endeavor努力offer提 供 beg请求fail不 能 plan计划 bother扰乱;烦恼forget忘 记 prefer喜欢,宁愿care关心,喜欢happen碰 巧prepare准 备decide决 定learn学 习 regret抱歉,遗憾choose选择hesitate犹 豫profess表明

claim要求hope希 望 promise承诺,允许start开始undertake承 接want想要 consent同意,赞同intend想要refuse拒 绝decide决定 learn学习vow起contrive设法,图谋incline有…倾向propose提议seek 找,寻觅 try试图 2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补:动词+宾语+动词不定式 ask要求,邀请get请,得 到 prompt促使allow允 许 forbid禁止prefer喜欢,宁愿announce宣 布force强

迫 press迫使bride 收 买 inspire鼓舞request请求 assist协助hate憎 恶 pronounce断定,表示advise 劝告exhort告诫,勉 励pray请求 authorize授权,委托help帮 助recommend劝告,推荐bear容 忍implore恳 求remind提醒 beg请求induce引 诱 report报告compel强 迫 invite吸引,邀请,summon传 唤command命 令intend想要,企

初中不定式todo的用法

初中不定式todo的用法

1. 不定式的用法------1.1 不定式作主语 不定式作主语,往往用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。 例如:It's so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。 It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 不用车的时候,锁车是有必要的。 It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们,他真好。 It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西,这显得太自私了。 但是,用不定式作主语的句子中还有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is… to…的句型。另外,这样的句子,不能用动名词作表语。例如: (对)To teach is to learn. (错)It is to learn to teach. (错)To teach is learning. (错)Teaching is to learn. 典型例题 The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___. A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on 答案:B. 如果不定式为不及物动词,其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时,常位于"形容词+动词不定式"结构的末尾。 1.1.1 不定式做主语It's for sb/It's of sb to do sth 这样的句子中,由于表语形容词性质的不同,导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of 的区别。 1)for sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等:例如: It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。

常见的todo与doing

常见的“to do”与“doing”现象 有些动词后既可接to do,也可接doing,它们后接to do与doing在意思上有时有较大的差别。因为它们也是中考的常考点之一,因而我们应该搞清楚它们的区别。 1. stop to do/stop doing sth。 解析:stop to do sth.意为“停下来(正在做的事)去做(另外的)某事”,to do sth.在句中作目的状语。而stop doing sth.意为“停止做(正在做的)某事”。如Mary stopped to speak to me.玛丽停下(手头的工作)来跟我讲话。 When the teacher came in. the students stopped talking.老师进来时,学生们停止讲话。 2. remember to do/remember doing sth 解析:remember to do sth.意为“记住要去做某事”(还没有做)。而remember doing sth.意为“记得(已经)做过某事”如: Please remember to send the letter for me.请记住为我发这封信。 I don’t remember eating such food somewhere.我不记得在哪里吃过这种食物 3. forget to do/forget doing sth 解析:forget to do sth.意为“忘记做某事”(动作还没有发生)。而forget doing sth.意为“忘记做过某事”(动作已发生)。如: Don’t forget to bring your photo here.别忘了把你的相片带来。 I have forgotten giving the book to him.我忘记我已把书给了他。 4. go on to do/go on doing sth 解析:go on to do sth.意为“做完一件事,接着做另外一件事”,两件事之间有可能有某种联系。而go on doing sth.意为“继续做下去”。如: After reading the text, the students went on to do the exercises.学生们读完课文后,接着做练习。 It’s raining hard, but the farmers go on working on the farm.虽然天正下着大雨,但农民们继续在农场干活。 5. try to do/try doing sth 解析:try to do sth.意为“尽力去做某事”,而try doing sth.意为“(用某一种办法)试着去做某事”。如: Try to come a little early next time, please.下次请尽量早点来。 You can try working out the problem in another way.你可以试试用其它的方法解答这道题目。 6. can’t help to do/can’t help doing sth 解析:can’t help to do为动词不定式结构;can’t help doing sth.意为“身不由己地去做某事”或“情不自禁地去做某事。”如: We can’t help to finish it.我们不能帮忙完成此事。 I couldn’t help laughing when I saw her strange face.当我看到她奇怪的脸时,我情不自禁地笑了。 7. hear sb. do/hear sb. doing sth 解析:hear sb. do sth.意为“听见某人做某事”,指听到了这个动作的全过程;hear sb. doing sth.意为“听到某人做某事”,指听到时候,这个动作正在发生。如: I often hear him sing in the classroom.我经常听见他在教室里唱歌。 Do you hear someone knocking at the door?你听见有人在敲门吗? 应该说明的是:和hear的用法一样的还有see、watch、notice等。

红景天的用法总结

红景天用法汇总 1. 简介 红景天是历朝历代帝王延寿抗衰老的首选之品,也是各朝名医心领神仪的名贵药材。红景天生长在深山大川、悬崖峭壁之上,红景天的足迹往往在人迹罕见的冰川脚下、在白雪覆盖的林海深处,红景天几乎统治了2000公尺雪线生长带,以其生命不衰的顽强生存意识,成为历代皇家御用药材。据《神农本草经》(2200年)记载红景天被列为上品:“主大热生疮、身热烦、邪恶气”。红景天含有具有生物活性的微量元素钙、镁、铁、铅、锌、银、钴、镉、钼、钛、镭等21种。还有人体所需要的十几种氨基酸,其中几种是人体必须的而体内有不能合成的氨基酸,含有丰富的维生素。 2. 食用方法 每日用量:保健3g,治病6g-12g(仅作参考)。 服法:泡开水当茶喝。红景天性寒多服也不会造热生火,且消炎清热,可常年服用。 1)活血消肿:红景天(泡高度白酒) 2)美容润肤:红景天(熬汤汁)+牛奶(敷脸) 3)抗疲劳、抗高原反应:红景天(泡水当茶) 3. 红景天功效1 具有抗缺氧、抗寒冷、抗疲劳、抗微波辐射、抗毒、抗瘟疫、双向调解功能。其具有提高工作效率,补充心脑血氧浓度、抗氧化,延缓人体细胞介质水渗透互换,改善微循环作用,大量增加抗体,提高免疫力,使之延缓衰老,防治老年疾病等功能。 1)抗缺氧作用:红景天可增强人体对缺氧的耐受性,降低氧耗量,同时又加大动脉氧压差,提高氧的利用率,保护肌体脏器官在低氧环境中不受损害,使细胞代谢旺盛。 2)抗疲劳作用:功效类似人参,可明显提高运动员的无氧阀,降低心肌和脑组织的血乳酸值,加快清除疲劳,恢复体力,可提高运动成绩和人们的工作效率,增强记忆能力。 3)双向调节作用:能使“亢进”的功能下降,也能使衰弱的肌体兴奋,从正负两方面使肌体趋向正常。对糖尿病、甲亢、甲低,高低血压病有明显的治疗作用,对高血压患者的降压作用优于复方降压片。 4)活血化淤作用:防止缺氧使血液流变的发生“粘、浓、聚”变化形成血栓,还可用于妇女月经不调、红崩、白带,外用止血消肿等。 5)抗病毒作用:能阻止病毒颗粒的吸附,保护细胞不受病毒的损害,并有一定抑制病毒的作用。 6)抗衰老悦颜健美作用:能消除自由基能力,阻止过氧化反应,抑制此处褐素形成和堆积,从而提高细胞生命力,延缓细胞衰老。 7)抗幅射、抗癌作用:抑制癌细胞,减轻化疗、放疗的副作用。 8)提气升阳,清音利喉作用:慢性咽炎成了歌唱家、教师、公务人员的顽症,泡水常服可消除顽疾。 4. 红景天功效2 红景天可以补气清肺;健脾益气,活血化瘀、益智养心;收涩止血;散瘀消肿。主要针对气虚体弱;病后畏寒;气短乏力;肺热咳嗽;咯血;白带腹泻;跌打损伤;烫火伤;神经症;高原反应等症状。 红景天可以泡水喝,不过这样红景天中的有效成分不能够充分的溶解到水中。相比之下,煎煮会好些,一般先将红景天浸泡3到4个小时,然后用小火煎煮40分钟,让红景天中的有效成分能够溶解出来。当然还有红景天胶囊,提取出来的红景天,更能够容易被人体吸收。.红景天,藏语名:苏罗玛保。在民间被喻为“长生不老草”和“九死还魂草”。盛产于青藏高原,生长在海拔3500—5000米的高寒地段,在缺氧、低温、干燥、狂风、强紫外线辐射的恶劣环境里具有极强的生命力。

doing,todo,do的用法

一.To do形式 afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 arrange to do sth.安排做某事 ask to do sth. 要求做某事 beg to do sth. 请求做某事 care to do sth. 想要做某事 choose to do sth. 决定做某事 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 demand to do sth. 要求做某事 expect to do sth. 期待做某事 fear to do sth. 害怕做某事 help to do sth. 帮助做某事 hope to do sth. 希望做某事 learn to do sth. 学习做某事 manage to do sth. 设法做某事 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事 prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 promise to do sth. 答应做某事 refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 want to do sth. 想要做某事 wish to do sth. 希望做某事 happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事 struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 ask sb. to do sth.请(叫)某人做某事bear sb. to do sth.忍受某人做某事 beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事 get sb. to do sth. 使(要)某人做某事hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌某人做某事 help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事

todo和doing的差别

To do 和 doing的用法 1. finish, enjoy, feel like, consider, imagine, keep, postpone, delay, mind, practise, suggest, risk, quit+doing 2. 1)forget to do 忘记要去做某事(此事未做) forget doing忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生) 2)stop to do 停止、中断(某件事),目的是去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事 3)remember to do 记住去做某事(未做) remember doing记得做过某事(已做) 4) regret to do对要做的事遗憾 regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔 5)try to do努力、企图做某事 try doing试验、试一试某种办法 6) mean to do打算,有意要… mean doing意味着 7)go on to do 继而(去做另外一件事情) go on doing 继续(原先没有做完的事情) 8)propose to do 打算(要做某事) proposing doing建议(做某事) 9) like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具体行为;+doing sth 表示抽象、倾向概念 (注)如果这些动词前有should一词,其后宾语只跟不定式,不能跟动名词。例如: I should like to see him tomorrow. 10) need, want, deserve +动名词表被动意义;+不定式被动态表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。 Don’t you remember seeing the man before你不记得以前见过那个人吗 You must remember to leave tomorrow.你可要记着是明天动身。 I don’t regret telling her what I thought.我不后悔给她讲过我的想法。(已讲过) I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice.我很遗憾必须这样去做,我实在没办法。(未做但要做) You must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。 Let’s try doing the work some other way.让我们试一试用另外一种办法来做这工作。 I didn’t mean to hurt your feeling.我没想要伤害你的感情。 This illness will mean (your) going to hospital.得了这种病(你)就要进医院。 3.省to 的动词不定式 1)情态动词 ( 除ought 外,ought to): 2)使役动词 let, have, make: 3)感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补,省略to。 注意:在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。 I saw him dance.

虚拟语气用法总结讲课稿

虚拟语气用法总结

虚拟语气用法总结 朱世梅 新时代大学英语中针对虚拟语气的练习题较多,而学生们往往把握不好虚拟语气的正确使用,现将其用法总结如下: 一.虚拟语气在英语里主要用来表达: a. 非真实的情景,不可能发生的事,即某种与事实相反或难以实现的情况,或说话人主观愿望。 b. 与客观事实相反地情景,即强制性虚拟语气,表示建议、命令、劝告这一类的意思上,表示强烈的要求做到、必须做到这样的含义。 c. 虚拟语气的表达形式是通过动词的变化形式表达的,其特点是主从句时态的不一致,而且一般有明显得标志。 二.虚拟语气的考点为: 1.If 句型 (共有三种句型) 非真实条件句: a.与现在的事实相反:从句用一般过去时,主句的谓语用would (could, might) +动词原形 If I were Bill Gates, I would not work so hard every day. b.与过去的事实相反:从句用过去完成时,主句的谓语用would (could, might) +现在完成时 If I had gone to America when I graduated from middle school, I would have got my PhD degree. c.与将来的事实相反:从句用should (were to,did) + 动词原形,主句的谓语用would (could, might) +动词原形 If it should/were to snow tomorrow, I would go skiing.

注意:虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略,再把were, should或had 移到从句句首,实行倒装。 Eg: Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved. Eg:_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I 答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do. d.混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主,从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。例如:条件句动作发生在过去,主句的动作发生在现在)谓语动词要根据表示的时间进行调整。 Eg: If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在). 2.Wish 句型表达“但愿…,要是…多好”的语气表示与事实相反的情况,或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为: He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。 Wish to do表达法: Wish sb / sth to do I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.) 3.在强制性语气的宾语从句中的运用即表示建议、命令、劝告、决心等主观色彩的动词 + that + (should) + 动词原形,其中should 经常被省略。这类动词包括: suggest, propose, recommend, demand, order, command, desire, require, insist,

红景天苷

红景天苷 红景天苷结构式 英文名称:Salidroside 分子式:C14H20O7 CAS:10338-51-9 分子量 300.30 药材来源:红景天,大花红景天,高山红景天的块根。 红景天为景天科,红景天属植物。即是本属一种的名称,也是本属统称,其中许多种均可用于提取本药物。 性状: 为类白色或浅黄色粉末。 药品规格: 红景天苷:98%, 红景天甙:3-5%(HPLC)肉桂醇苷:3-5%(HPLC) 质量控制方法: 色谱柱为C8柱(4.6mm×150mm,5μm),流动相为水-甲醇(85:15),流速为1.0mL·min^-1,柱温为25℃,荧光检测波长λEX=220nm,λEM=315nm。结果:该方法的线性范围为1.00~ 500ng(r=0.9999)。平均加样回收率为99.2%,RSD为1.4%(n=5)。最低检测限为1.5pg。南京泽朗杨东骋提供结论:本方法快速,简单,灵敏度极高。 药理作用: 1. 增强免疫力 红景天提取物通过改善T-细胞免疫而使免疫系统恢复正常。可提升机体对感染逐渐发展所积聚成的毒的抵抗能力 2. 消除忧郁感 红景天被用以提升人的精神状态,成为那些生活在因月份周期延长,而得不到足够阳光照射的国家和季节的人的宝贵医药。 3. 保护心血管 红景天提取物显示可缓和压力所致心血管组织损伤和功能紊乱,防止在急冻状态下因周围环境压力继发的心脏收缩力下降和有助于稳定收缩性。 其它 检测方式:高效液相色谱法HPLC≥98% 【规格】10mg 20mg 100mg 500mg 1g (可根据客户需求包装) 【性状】本品为浅棕色粉末

【作用与用途】本品用于含量测定。 【提取来源】 【药理性质】 味甜.极易溶于水, 易溶于甲醇, 溶于乙醇,难溶于乙醚.经浓氢氧化钾溶液的分解反应, 能生成三甲胺 【用法】 色谱条件: 流动相为甲醇-水(15:85)为流动相,检测波长为275nm, (仅供参考) 【贮藏方法】 2-8°C,避光保存。 【注意事项】本品应在低温下保存,长时间在暴露在空气中,含量会有所降低。 【植物名称】红景天 【英文名】Phooioin Rosea P.E. 【来源】景天科植物库页红景天Rhodiola sachalinensis A. Bor.的根及根茎 【资源分布】是景天科红景天属植物,在世界上有90余种,多分布在北半球的高寒地带,生长在海拔3500-5000米左右的高山流石或灌木丛林下。我国有73种,主要分布在青藏高原和长白山。 【有效成分】主要有效成分是红景天甙(Salidroside)及其甙元,即对酪醇 (P-Tyrosol)。此外,尚含鞣质18.07%,淀粉、脂肪、蜡、有机酸、蛋白质、黄酮类化合物及微量元素铁、铅、锌、银、钴、钛、钼、锰等。 【功效】主要有中枢抑制作用、抗疲劳作用、强心作用、抗炎作用、抑制血糖升高作用、抗过氧化作用、抗微波辐射作用。 【质量标准】一般以红景天甙的含量为标准 二、提取方法 1.传统方法:乙醇回流法。 2.另有人采用微波破壁法从高山红景天的根茎中提取红景天甙。 三、合成法: 以对-溴苯酚为原料,选择烯丙基保护酚羟基,制备了4-烯丙氧苯基-乙醇,后者经成苷及脱乙酰基得到中间体,采用并改进氯化钯/氯化亚酮法脱除烯丙基,合成了红景天苷。(北京医科大学有机化学教研室李中军王安邦蔡盂深等人实验)。

初中英语动词不定式用法梳理及练习题

初中英语动词不定式用法 动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。有些动词不定式不带to,动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。不定式保留动词的某些特性,可以有自己的宾语、状语等。动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语,叫作不定式短语。 一、用作主语 直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多,多数情况用it作形式主语,把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末,特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首,复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。如: 1. I t is our duty to try our best to deal with these problems. ' head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother. to learn English well is important. see is to believe.(眼见为实;百闻不如一见) 二、用作表语 动词不定式作表语,常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。如: | best way is to join an English club. first thing is to listen to the teacher carefully. 三、用作宾语 1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有:要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree),期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn),宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend, know),希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。如: 1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there. ~ 2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice. 3)Id love to visit Mexico. 2.动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell...,介词结构on...可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语,但why后面的不定式不带to。如: 1)Could you please tell me where to park my car 2)It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations. : 3.动词feel, find, make, think等后面,可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语——动词不定式,句子结构是...feel / find / make / ... it+adj. / n.+to do...。如: I find it difficult to remember everything. 4.既可接动词不定式又可接ving形式作宾语,意思差别不太大的动词有begin, start, like, love等。一般说来,动词不定式表一次、数次的具体动作、将来动作或动作的全过程,ving形式表习惯性的连续动作。但是这种区别并不很严格,特别是美国英语,即使是习惯性的动作也可以用动词不定式。如: 1) Then I started to watch Tv. 2) I am beginning to understand my parents. .

相关主题