Being done的用法

Being done的用法

一、与be动词一起构成现在进行时的被动语态（am/ is/ are being done）和过去进行时的被动语态（was/ were being done）。如：

The new houses are being painted.这些新房子还在刷漆。

When I went to pay him a visit, he was being examined by a doctor. 当我去看他时，他正在接受医生的检查。

二、作后置定语，修饰某一名词，表示某一被动动作正在进行。如：

The meeting being held now is of great importance. 现在正在开的会很重要。

上面的句子也可以变成含有定语从句的句子：

The meeting which is being held now is of great importance.

注意：being done，to be done与done均可作后置定语，其区别为：being done表示正在发生的被动动作；to be done表示将要发生的被动动作；而done表示已经发生的被动动作。如：

The house to be built here next year belongs to Fred. 明年将在这里建的房屋是弗雷德的。

The house built here last year belongs to Fred. 去年在这里建的房屋是弗雷德的。

三、作某些及物动词或介词的宾语。如：

John hates being laughed at in public. 约翰不喜欢当众被嘲笑。

Do you mind being left alone at home. 把你一个人留在家里你介意吗？

My class teacher was honoured for being devoted to the cause of the education. 我的班主任因致力于教育事业受到了表彰。

四、有时作主语或用在see，hear，feel等少量感官动词后作宾语补足语。如：Being lost can be a terrifying experience.迷路可能是一种可怕的经历。（作主语）He heard the song being sung next door. 他听到隔壁有人在唱这首歌。（作宾补）Having been done 和done用法的区别

1.done是过去分词，having been done是现在分词完成时的被动语态。两个都可以表示“完成＋被动。”但作状语时，having been done表示该动作发生在主句动作之前；而done则不强调这层含义；

Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking.

Not having been invited, he felt very unhappy.

（分词完成式的被动语态(having been done)强调分词动作先于谓语动词）Killed, she couldn't stop her blood from going chilled.

Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.

（过去分词也表示被动，但没有强调动作先后的含义）

2. done可作定语而having been done一般不作定语。

The concert given by the symphony orchesta was a great success.

They are problems left over by history.

完成体的分词一般不作定语，若要表达完成意义最好用定语从句。如：

我们一般不说：The girl having won the race is my deskmate.

而常这样说：The girl who has won the race is my deskmate.

但非限定性的完成体作定语或如果分词所修饰的词是泛指则没有这个限制。如：Anyone having passed the test has got a prize. 任何通过考试的人都能得到一份奖品。

Charlie, having lived in Paris for years, decided to return to London. 在巴黎呆过多年，查理决定重返伦敦。

The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory. 由于被严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。(The man, who had been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.)

3. 如果分词是短暂动词，那么该分词完成式所表示的动作往往是在谓语动作之前发生过多次，请看例句：

(1)Having been bitten twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog up.

妙语点睛：

分词完成式having been bitten在谓语动作refused之前已经重复过两次，即分词完成式用于短暂动作时往往会体现出重复性的特点。

过去分词的用法

一、动词的-ed形式的特征

A．动词的-ed形式是由动词的过去分词构成

动词的-ed形式只有一种形式，即传统语法中的过去分词。绝大部分的动词的-ed形式由动词原形加-ed构成，也有一些动词的-ed形式是不规则的。

1．规则动词的-ed形式

limit→limited（限制）pretend→pretended（假装）escape→escaped（逃脱）provide→provided（提供）refer→referred（提交）drag→dragged（拖）

pray→pr ayed（祈祷）supply→supplied（供应）

2．不规则动词的-ed形式

cast→cast（投掷）spread→spread（传播）bite→bitten（咬）

forgive→forgiven（原谅）spit→spat（吐）wear→worn（穿）

fight→fought（搏斗）lose→lost（丢失）

3．少数动词的-ed形式作定语时，读音与一般过去分词不同

learned a learned professor 一位知识渊博的教授

aged an aged man 老人

beloved his beloved computer 他心爱的计算机

B．动词的-ed形式的否定形式

动词的-ed形式的否定形式是由not或never加动词的-ed形式构成。

Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 不允许他进去，他只好在外面等着。Never invited to his party, she got angry with him. 从未被邀请过去他的聚会，她很生气。

C．动词的-ed形式的特征

动词的-ed形式有被动的意思，有时也可表示完成的动作。

1．动词的-ed形式表示已完成的动作。

除了作形容词用的-ed形式外，动词的-ed形式可带有完成的意义，有的同时也带有被动的意义。

Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology. 由于在农村出生并长大，他对生物很感兴趣。

One of the glasses was found broken. 有人发现其中一个杯子破了。

The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. 鲁迅写的

这些书，受到了许多中国人的喜爱。

2．及物动词的-ed形式一般表示被动的意思。

Given more time, I could have solved that riddle. 要是有充足的时间，我就能猜出那个谜语。（句子的主语I 和动词give之间是被动关系。）

When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understood. 你说英语的时候，一定要让人懂得你的意思。（动词make的宾语yourself和宾语补足语understand 之间是被动关系。）

The experience gained in the army was of great value to our study. 在军队获得的经验对我们的学习很有帮助。

3．不及物动词的-ed形式只表示完成的意思，并不带有被动的含义。

an escaped prisoner 逃犯（= a prisoner who has escaped）

a retired worker 退休工人（= a worker who has retired）

a newly arrived guest 新来的客人（= a guest who has just arrived）

We should bring in advanced technology from developed countries from time to time.我们应该不时地从发达国家引进先进技术。

People should pay attention to the changed situation. 人们应该注意到变化了的形势。

二、动词的-ed形式的用法

动词的-ed形式在句中主要起形容词和副词的作用，可以作定语、表语、状语和补语。

A．动词的-ed形式作表语

1．-ed形式在连系动词后作表语，说明主语的状态。

The students are fully prepared. 学生们已做好了充分的准备。

When we got there, the shop was closed. 我们到那儿时，商店已经关门了。

She felt satisfied with her performance on the high-and-low bars. 她对自己在高低杠上的表现感到很满意。

The land remained unexploited. 这片土地尚未开发。

Hearing the news, he looked disappointed. 听到这个消息，他看起来非常失望。The top of the mountain is covered with snow all through the year. 山顶上终年积雪覆盖。

比较：

要把-ed形式作表语和被动语态区别开来。作表语的-ed形式表示状态，被动语态中的-ed形式表示被动动作。

All the doors are locked. 所有的门都是锁着的。（-ed形式作表语，表示状态）All the doors were locked by the guard. 所有的门都被卫兵锁上了。（被动语态，表示动作）

Peter the Great is buried here. 彼得大帝就埋葬在这里。（-ed形式作表语，表示状态

Peter the Great was buried here in 1725. 彼得大帝于1725年被埋葬在这里。（被动语态，表示动作）

2．同一动词的-ed形式与-ing形式作表语时的区别。

动词的-ed形式作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态，含有被动的意思，而-ing形式作表语多表示主语具有的特征，含有主动的意思。

They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他们听到那可怕的声音很害

怕。

At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved. 看到这么动人的情景，所有在场的人都感动了。

提示：

上述动词的-ed形式，有的（如pleased, tired, excited, disappointed等）已经变成形容词，可以被very, too等副词修饰。有的（如amused, puzzled, relaxed等）还不能被very, too修饰，只能被much修饰。

These problems are very puzzling. 这些问题很令人迷惑。

We are much puzzled by his failure to reply. 他不给我们回信使我们百思不得其解。

His speech was very moving. 他的演讲非常感人。

All the people present were moved to tears. 在场的所有人都被感动得流泪了。B．动词的-ed形式作宾语补足语

当作宾语补足语的动词和前面的宾语之间是被动关系时，一般应用动词的-ed 形式作宾语的补足语。

1．在感觉动词see, hear, feel, notice, watch, find后作宾语补足语。

I heard the Ninth Symphony played last night. 昨晚我听了第九交响乐的演奏。

We found all the rivers seriously polluted. 我们发现所有的河流都被严重污染了。

Yesterday I noticed a little girl caught stealing in the shop. 昨天我在商店里注意到一个小女孩偷东西被抓住了。

He felt his collar pulled by someone from behind. 他感觉到衣领被人从后面拉了一下。

2．在使役动词get, have, make, leave, keep等后作宾语补足语。

①动词的-ed形式作get的宾语补足语。

Doris got her bad tooth pulled out in the hospital. 多丽丝在医院把坏牙拔了。

I'll just get these dishes washed and then I'll come. 我得先把盘子洗了，然后就来。

比较：

动词get后也可接动词不定式或动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语，和宾语是主动关系。

I couldn誸get the car to start this morning. 今早我无法把汽车发动起来。

He got his sister to help him with his clothes. 他让姐姐帮他洗衣服。

It is not hard to get him talking; the problem is stopping him! 让他说话不难，难的是说开了止不住他。

Can you really get that old clock going again 你真的能让那辆旧钟再走起来吗？

②动词的-ed形式作make的宾语补足语。

He raised his voice in order to make himself heard. 他提高了嗓门为了使别人听清他的讲话。

You should make your views known to the public. 你应该让公众知道你的观点。注意：

动词make后的宾语补足语可用不带to的动词不定式或动词的-ed形式，但不可用动词的-ing形式。

【误】Can you make the students understanding the text

【正】Can you make the students understand the text 你能让学生理解这篇课文吗？

【正】Can you make the text understood by the students 你能让学生理解这篇课文吗？

③动词的-ed形式作keep或leave的宾语补足语。

They all went home, leaving all the work undone. 所有的工作都没完成，他们就回家了。

The detective and his assistant kept themselves locked in the room all night. 侦探和他的助手把自己整夜反锁在房间里。

3．动词的-ed形式也可用在with（without）结构中，作介词的宾语补足语。With everything well arranged, he left the office. 一切都安排妥善之后，他离开了办公室。

She has com

e back with her backpack filled with interesting picture-books. 她已经回来了，背包里塞满了有趣的图书。

Without any grain left in the house, the little girl had to go begging. 家里没有粮食，小女孩只好出去讨饭。

Without any more time given, we couldn't finish the task in three weeks. 如果不再给我们任何时间的话，我们三星期之内完成不了任务。

4．某些动词后（如want, need, prefer, would like等），作宾语补足语的不定式被动形式省略“to be”，就成了-ed形式作宾语补足语。

I would like this matter (to be) settled immediately. 我希望这事立即得到解决。I'd prefer this book translated by my sister. 我情愿让我妹妹来翻译这本书。

We need the work (to be) finished by Saturday. 我们需要这项工作周六之前完成。

The peasants don't want good farmland (to be) built on. 农民们不想让好好的农田被用来建造房子。

C．动词的-ed形式作定语

动词的-ed形式作定语修饰名词分为前置和后置两类。

1．前置定语

单个的动词的-ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前，作前置定语。

A watched pot never boils. 心急锅不开。

All the broken doors and windows have been repaired. 所有的坏门窗都修好了。When we arrived, we each were given a printed question paper. 我们到达的时候，每人被发给了一份印制好的试卷。

提示：

如要表示强调，单个动词-ed形式也可作后置定语。

Money spent is more than money earned. 入不敷出。

2．后置定语

作后置定语的-ed形式一般都带有修饰语或其他成分，在语法上相当于一个定语从句。

We have read many novels written by this author. 我们读过这个作家写的许多小说。（= that are written by this author）

Half of the honoured guests invited to the reception were foreign ambassadors. 被邀请到招待会上的贵宾有一半都是外国大使。（= who had been invited to the reception）

The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千名学生出席了。(= which was attended by one thousand students)

A woman, dressed like a lawyer, came in and took her seat as judge. 一个律师装扮的女人走了进来，并作为法官就座。(= who was dressed like a lawyer)

3．动词的-ed形式作定语和-ing形式作定语的区别

动词的-ed形式作定语表示动作已完成或和被动，而-ing形式作定语表示动作正在进行或和主动。

the risen sun 升起了的太阳the rising sun 正在升起的太阳

boiled water 开水boiling water 正沸腾的水

developed countries 发达国家developing countries 发展中国家

fallen leaves 落叶falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子

changed condition 改变了的情况changing condition 变化着的情况

D．动词的-ed形式作状语动词的-ed形式作状语和-ing形式作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。

1．表示时间

动词的-ed形式作状语表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。

Seen from the tower, the city looks beautiful. 从塔上往下看，城市显得很美丽。（= When the city is seen from the tower...）

Shown the lab, we were taken to see the library. 带我们参观了实验室之后，又带我们参观了图书馆。（= After we had been shown the lab...）

Completely examined by the doctors, he went back to school right away. 经过医生彻底检查以后，他立刻回到了学校。(= After he was completely examined...)

提示：

有时动词的-ed形式前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。

When asked why she was late for class again, she hung her head in shame. 当被问到为什么上课又迟到时，她羞愧地低下了头。

Once recovered, he went all out to do his work. 一恢复健康，他就全力以赴地干起了工作。

Once started, the clock will go half a month and keep good time.一旦给这钟上了发条，它就会走半个月，并且走得很准。

2. 表示原因

动词的-ed形式作状语表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。

Moved by the heroic deeds, the children couldn't help crying. 孩子们被英雄事迹感动，情不自禁地哭了起来。（= Since they were moved by the heroic deeds ...）Written in haste, her letter is very hard to read. 因为写得快，她的信很难阅读。（=As it was written in haste ...）

Excited by the new discovery, we decided to go out and celebrate. 我们因为新发现而激动万分，决定出去庆祝一下。(Because we were excited by...)

注意：

为了使-ed形式表示的条件、动词让步意义更加明显，我们可以加上适当的连

词。

Even if invited,I won'tgo. 即使受到邀请，我也不去。

Though beaten by the opposite team,they did not lose heart. 虽然被对手打败，便他们并没有丧失信心。

Unless invited,he will not come back to the company. 除非被邀请，不然他不会回到公司来的。

3. 表示条件

动词的-ed形式作状语表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。

Heated, water changes into steam. 加热，水就能变成蒸汽。（= If water is heated...）

Given more time, he would be able to do better. 假如多给一些时间，他会干得更出色。（= If he was given more time ...）

Compared with other professors, she was an excellent speaker. 与其他教授相比，她是一个优秀的演说家。

4. 表示让步

动词的-ed形式作状语表示让步，相当于一个thoughalthough引导的让步状语从句。

Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber. 尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。（= Although they were exhausted by the running ...）

Laughed at by many people, he continued his research. 尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。（= Even if he was laughed by many people ...）

Questioned many times a day, Andrew kept silent over the murder. 尽管一天被盘问了多次，安德鲁仍然对那件谋杀案保持沉默。

提示：

有时动词的-ed形式作状语和动词的-ing形式的被动式作状语，并没有多大的区别，可以互换。

Suddenly seized with a high fever, he was unable to attend school. 他因突然发热不能来上学。

= Being suddenly seized with a high fever, he was unable to attend school. 他因突然发热不能来上学。

Brought up in the countryside, he found it hard to get used to town life. 因为是在农村长大的，他感到很难适应城市生活。

= Having been brought up in the countryside, he found it hard to get used to town life. 因为是在农村长大的，他感到很难适应城市生活。

5．表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明。

动词的-ed形式作状语表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明时，通常位于句子的后面，相当于一个并列分句。

The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students. 老师站在那儿，被学生围住了。（= and he was surrounded by the students）

He went into the office, followed by some children. 他走进办公室，后面跟着一些孩子。(= and he was followed by some children)

They turned around and stood in the middle of the room, completely astonished. 他们转过身来，站在房间中央，完全惊呆了。

She accepted the gift, deeply moved. 她接受了礼物，深深地感动了。

注意：

动词的-ed形式在句中不能用作主语或宾语。

【误】Invited to the state banquet is a great honour.

【正】To be invited to the state banquet is a great honour. 被邀请出席国宴是极大的荣耀。

【误】I cannot stand laughed at.

【正】I cannot stand being laughed at. 我不能容忍被人嘲笑。

三、动词的-ed形式的逻辑主语

A．动词的-ed形式在句中作状语和表语时，它的逻辑主语一般来说就是句子的

主语，-ed形式和主语之间是被动关系。

Locked up, he had no way to escape. 他被锁了起来，没有办法逃跑了。

Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 他陷入了沉思，几乎撞到了前面的汽车。

She became discouraged at the news. 听到这个消息，她泄气了。

Though it was 1000 a.m., the door of the shop remained locked. 尽管已经是上午10点了，商店的门仍然锁着。

B．当动词的-ed形式在句中作定语时，它的逻辑主语是被它修饰的名词，它和名词之间是被动关系。

The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. 第一批编写出来作为英语教材的课本是16世纪出版的。

The computer center, opened last year, is very popular among the students in this school. 去年开办的计算机中心深受这所学校的学生喜爱。

A lighted candle lit up the cellar. 一支点燃的蜡烛照亮了地下室。

C．当动词的-ed形式在句中作宾语补语或主语补语时，它的逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语，它们之间的关系是被动关系。

Vivien got her fingers trapped in the bicycle chain. 薇薇恩把手指卡在自行车链条里了。（trapped的逻辑主语是句子的宾语fingers）

The valuable vase was found stolen. 那个珍贵的花瓶发现被盗了。（stolen的逻辑主语是句子的主语vase）

We got home only to find the whole house turned upside down. Thieves obviously had broken in. 我们回到家发现整幢房子被翻得乱七八糟, 很明显小偷闯进来了。D．动词的-ed形式有时可有其独立的逻辑主语，常用作状语（详见“第8章独立主格结构”）。

Everything done, we went home. 一切事情都做完了，我们就回家了。

All our money run out, Henry had to find another job. 钱都用完了，亨利不得不再找一份工作。

He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head. 他躺在草地上，头枕着双手。

All things considered, the planned trip will have to be called off. 考虑到所有的情况，原来计划好的旅行不得不取消。

E．动词的-ed形式作独立成分。

动词的-ed形式的一些固定词组也可在句中作独立成分，不受逻辑主语的限制。Put frankly, I don't agree with what he said. 坦白地说，我不同意他所说的。Given the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. 考虑到他一般的身体状况，手术后的恢复可能需要一段时间。

练习高中英语过去分词专项练习

1．_____ from the top of the TV tower, and we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city.

A. To see

B. Seen

C. Seeing

D. See

2. All things _____, the planned trip will have to be called off.

A. be considered

B. considering

C. having considered

D. considered

3. ______ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _____ out of her life.

A. Saw; frightened

B. Seen; frightened

C. To see; frightening

D. Seeing; frightened

4. Generally speaking, ______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.

A. When taking

B. when taken

C. when to take

D. when to be taken

5. The research is so designed that once ______ nothing can be done to change it.

A. begins

B. begun

C. beginning

D. having begun

6. _____ in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United Stated.

A. being founded

B. Founded

C. It was founded

D. Founding

7. If you go to Xi’an, you will find the palaces there more magnificent than commonly _____.

A. supposed

B. supposing

C. to suppose

D. suppose

8. _____ more attention, the tree could have grown better.

A. Given

B. To give

C. Giving

D. Having given

9. In order not to be disturbed, I spent three hours _____ in my study.

A. locking

B. to lock

C. locked

D. being locked

10. _____ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.

A. When compared

B. Compare

C. While comparing

D. Comparing

11. Mrs. Bush stood ______ for a moment when an old soldier suddenly appeared before her.

A. surprised

B. surprising

C. being surprised

D. to be surprised

12. ____ alone in the dark room, the little boy was so frightened as to cry.

A. Leaving

B. Left

C. To be left

D. Having left

13. _____ to complete the job on time, they set out to work immediately.

A. Being determined

B. On having determined

C. Determined

D. To be determined

14. ______ in a friendly way, their quarrel came to an end.

A. Being settled

B. Having settled

C. Settled

D. Settling

15. He must be angry, for we heard the glass ____ on the floor.

A, being broken B. break C. to be break D. broken

16. You can fly to the UK this morning _____ you don’t mind changing planes in Hong Kong.

A. because

B. provided

C. unless

D. so far as

17. _____ in th is way, the situation doesn’t seem so disappointing.

A. To look

B. Looking at

C. Looked at

D. To be looked at

18. _____ in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarship totaling 21,000 dollars.

A. To be judged the best

B. Judged by the best

C. Having judged the best

D. Judging the best

19. A cool rain was falling, _____ with snow.

A. mixed

B. mixing

C. to mix

D. having mixed

Keys:1~~5 DDDBB 6~~10 BAACA11~~15 ABCC 16~~20 ABCBA 1. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ______ as 3M.

A. knowing

B. known

C. being known

D. to be known

2. The disc, digitally _____ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party

that night.

A. recorded

B. recording

C. to be recorded

D. having recorded

3. — How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the

customers?

— The key ______ the problem is to meet the demand ______ by the

customers.

A. to solving; making

B. to solving; made

C. to solve; making

D. to solve; made

4. When first ______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.

A. introducing

B. introduced

C. introduce

D. being introduced

5. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ______ at the meeting by my boss.

A. questioning

B. having questioned

C. questioned

D. to be questioned

6. ______ with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.

A. Compare

B. When comparing

C. Comparing

D. When compared

7. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ______ as the plane was making a landing.

A. seat

B. seating

C. seated

D. to be seating

8. Friendship is like money: easier made than ______.

A. kept

B. to be kept

C. keeping

D. being kept

9. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s acti ons against the laws get parents ______.

A. worried

B. to worry

C. worrying

D. worry

10. —What’s happening in the street?

— A group ______ Green Peace are protesting against the summit.

A. calls

B. called

C. calling

D. to be called

11. He had his leg ______ when playing football.

A. break

B. to break

C. breaking

D. broken

12. Your letter ______ Nov. 25 has reached me.

A. dated

B. dating

C. was dated

D. which dated

13. ______ with excitement, the children couldn’t fall asleep.

A. To fill

B. To be filled

C. Filling

D. Filled

14. Even if ______, I won’t go.

A. invited

B. inviting

C. I invited

D. he invites

15. With the homework ______, he was allowed to watch the football match.

A. finished

B. finishing

C. to finish

D. to be finished

16. With his finger ______ to the ______ window, the teacher asked: “Who

did that?”

A. pointing; broken

B. pointed; broken

C. pointing; breaking

D. pointed; breaking

17. Your umbrella wants ______. Do you want it ______?

A. repairing; repairing

B. repairing; repaired

C. to repaired; to be

repaired D. to be repaired; repairing

18. ______ to train his son in English, he put an ad like this in the

paper ,“______, an English teacher for

a ten-year-old boy.”

A. Determined;Wanted

B. Determined;Wanting

C. Determines;Wanted

D. Determining;Wanting

19. The shy girl never speaks unless ______.

A. speaking

B. spoken

C. speaking to

D. spoken to

20. Many young teachers，Ms Zhou ______，were chosen as model workers in

this city.

A. to include

B. including

C. included

D. being included

21. ______ by Yang Liwei’s speech，the students are determined to study

even harder.

A. Deeply moved

B. Having deeply moved

C. To be deeply moved

D. Moving deeply

22. Though ______ badly，the fighter continued to fire at the enemy.

A. he wounded

B. was wounding

C. wounding

D. wounded

23. If ______ green, the door might look more beautiful.

A. paint

B. painted

C. painting

D. to paint

24. Though ______ of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.

A. warning

B. to warn

C. warn

D. warned

25. The girl is still fast asleep, with her head ______ deep in arms.

A. bury

B. to bury

C. buried

D. burying

参考答案：

1-5 BABBC 6-10 DCAAB 11-15 DADAA 16-20 ABADC 21-25 ADBDC 过去分词练习

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ______ as 3M.

A. knowing

B. known

C. being known

D. to be known

2. The disc, digitally _____ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party

that night.

A. recorded

B. recording

C. to be recorded

D. having recorded

3. — How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the

customers?

— The key ______ the problem is to meet the demand ______ by the customers.

A. to solving; making

B. to solving; made

C. to solve; making

D. to solve;

made

4. When first ______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.

A. introducing

B. introduced

C. introduce

D. being introduced

5. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ______ at the meeting by

my boss.

A. questioning

B. having questioned

C. questioned

D. to be questioned

6. ______ with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not

seem big at all.

A. Compare

B. When comparing

C. Comparing

D. When compared

7. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ______ as the

plane was making a landing.

A. seat

B. seating

C. seated

D. to be seating

8. Friendship is like money: easier made than ______.

A. kept

B. to be kept

C. keeping

D. being kept

9. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against

the laws get parents ______.

A. worried

B. to worry

C. worrying

D. worry

10. —What’s happening in the street?

— A group ______ Green Peace are protesting against the summit.

A. calls

B. called

C. calling

D. to be called

11. He had his leg ______ when playing football.

A. break

B. to break

C. breaking

D. broken

12. Your letter ______ Nov. 25 has reached me.

A. dated

B. dating

C. was dated

D. which dated

13. ______ with excitemen t, the children couldn’t fall asleep.

A. To fill

B. To be filled

C. Filling

D. Filled

14. Even if ______, I won’t go.

A. invited

B. inviting

C. I invited

D. he invites

15. With the homework ______, he was allowed to watch the football match.

A. finished

B. finishing

C. to finish

D. to be finished

16. With his finger ______ to the ______ window, the teacher asked: “Who did that?”

A. pointing; broken

B. pointed; broken

C. pointing; breaking

D. pointed; breaking

17. Your umbrella wants ______. Do you want it ______?

A. repairing; repairing

B. repairing; repaired

C. to repaired; to be

repaired D. to be repaired; repairing

18. ______ to train his son in English, he put an ad like this in the

paper ,“______, an English teacher for

a ten-year-old boy.”

A. Determined;Wanted

B. Determined;Wanting

C. Determines;Wanted

D. Determining;Wanting

19. The shy girl never speaks unless ______.

A. speaking

B. spoken

C. speaking to

D. spoken to

20. Many young teachers，Ms Zhou ______，were chosen as model workers in this city.

A. to include

B. including

C. included

D. being included

21. ______ by Yang Liwei’s speech，the students are determined to study even harder.

A. Deeply moved

B. Having deeply moved

C. To be deeply moved

D. Moving deeply

22. Though ______ badly，the fighter continued to fire at the enemy.

A. he wounded

B. was wounding

C. wounding

D. wounded

23. If ______ green, the door might look more beautiful.

A. paint

B. painted

C. painting

D. to paint

24. Though ______ of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.

A. warning

B. to warn

C. warn

D. warned

25. The girl is still fast asleep, with her head ______ deep in arms.

A. bury

B. to bury

C. buried

D. burying

参考答案：

1-5 BABBC 6-10 DCAAB 11-15 DADAA 16-20 ABADC 21-25 ADBDC 1．Because of my poor English I'm afraid I can't make myself ____．（MET1979）A．understand B．to understand C．understanding D．understood

2．What's the language ____ in Germany？（MET1983）

A．speaking B．spoken C．be spoken D．to speak

3．____ some officials，Napoleon inspected his army．（MET1984）A．Followed B．Followed by

C．Being followed D．Having been followed by

4．Most of the people ____ to the party werefamous scientists．（MET1987）A．invited B．to invite C．being invited D．inviting

5．He was disappointed to find his suggestions ____．（MET1988）

A．been turned down B．turned down

C．to be turned down D．to turn down

6．Most of the artists?____ to the party were from South Africa．（MET1990）A．invited B．to invite

C．being invited D．had been invited

过去分词练习

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ______ as 3M.

A. knowing

B. known

C. being known

D. to be known

2. The disc, digitally _____ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party

that night.

A. recorded

B. recording

C. to be recorded

D. having recorded

3. — How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?

— The key ______ the problem is to meet the demand ______ by the customers.

A. to solving; making

B. to solving; made

C. to solve; making

D. to solve; made

4. When first ______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.

A. introducing

B. introduced

C. introduce

D. being introduced

5. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ______ at the meeting by my boss.

A. questioning

B. having questioned

C. questioned

D. to be questioned

6. ______ with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.

A. Compare

B. When comparing

C. Comparing

D. When compared

7. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ______ as the plane was making a landing.

A. seat

B. seating

C. seated

D. to be seating

8. Friendship is like money: easier made than ______.

A. kept

B. to be kept

C. keeping

D. being kept

9. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents ______.

A. worried

B. to worry

C. worrying

D. worry

10. —What’s happening in the street?

— A group ______ Green Peace are protesting against the summit.

A. calls

B. called

C. calling

D. to be called

11. He had his leg ______ when playing football.

A. break

B. to break

C. breaking

D. broken

12. Your letter ______ Nov. 25 has reached me.

A. dated

B. dating

C. was dated

D. which dated

13. ______ with excitement, the children couldn’t fall asleep.

A. To fill

B. To be filled

C. Filling

D. Filled

14. Even if ______, I won’t go.

A. invited

B. inviting

C. I invited

D. he invites

15. With the homework ______, he was allowed to watch the football match.

A. finished

B. finishing

C. to finish

D. to be finished

16. With his finger ______ to the ______ window, the teacher asked: “Who

did that?”

A. pointing; broken

B. pointed; broken

C. pointing; breaking

D. pointed; breaking

17. Your umbrella wants ______. Do you want it ______?

A. repairing; repairing

B. repairing; repaired

C. to repaired; to be repaired

D. to be repaired; repairing

18. ______ to train his son in English, he put an ad like this in the paper ,“______, an English teacher for a ten-year-old boy.”

A. Determined;Wanted

B. Determined;Wanting

C. Determines;Wanted

D. Determining;Wanting

19. The shy girl never speaks unless ______.

A. speaking

B. spoken

C. speaking to

D. spoken to

20. Many young teachers，Ms Zhou ______，were chosen as model workers in

this city.

A. to include

B. including

C. included

D. being included

21. ______ by Yang Liwei’s speech，the students are determined to study

even harder.

A. Deeply moved

B. Having deeply moved

C. To be deeply moved

D. Moving deeply

22. Though ______ badly，the fighter continued to fire at the enemy.

A. he wounded

B. was wounding

C. wounding

D. wounded

23. If ______ green, the door might look more beautiful.

A. paint

B. painted

C. painting

D. to paint

24. Though ______ of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.

A. warning

B. to warn

C. warn

D. warned

25. The girl is still fast asleep, with her head ______ deep in arms.

A. bury

B. to bury

C. buried

D. burying

参考答案：

1-5 BABBC 6-10 DCAAB 11-15 DADAA 16-20 ABADC 21-25 ADBDC 1．Because of my poor English I'm afraid I can't make myself ____．（MET1979）A．understand B．to understand C．understanding D．understood

2．What's the language ____ in Germany？（MET1983）

A．speaking B．spoken C．be spoken D．to speak

3．____ some officials，Napoleon inspected his army．（MET1984）A．Followed B．Followed by

C．Being followed D．Having been followed by

4．Most of the people ____ to the party were famous scientists．（MET1987）A．invited B．to invite C．being invited D．inviting

5．He was disappointed to find his suggestions ____．（MET1988）

A．been turned down B．turned down

C．to be turned down D．to turn down

6．Most of the artists?____ to the party were from South Africa．（MET1990）A．invited B．to invite

C．being invited D．had been invited

7．____ more attention，the trees could have grown better．（MET1990）A．Given B．To give C．Giving D．Having given

8．the first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century．（NMET1994）

A．having written B．to be written C．being written D．written

9．the Olympic Games，____ in 776B．C．，did not include women players until 1912．（NMET1997）

A．first playing B．to be first played

C．first played D．to be first playing

10．____ in 1636，Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States．（2000上海高考）

A．Being founded B．It was founded C．Founded D．Founding

11．When____ ，the museum will be open to the public next year．（2002上海春招）A．completed B．completing

C．being completed D．to be completed

12．the research is so designed that once ____?nothing can be done to change it．（NMET2002）

A．begins B．having begun C．beginning D．begun

13．Mr．Smith，____ of the speech，started to read a novel．（2003北京春招）A．tired；boring B．tiring；bored C．tired；bored D．tiring；boring 14．Friendship is like money，easier made than ____．（2003上海春招）

A．kept B．to be kept C．keeping D．being kept

15．Unless ____ to speak，you should remain silent at the conference．（2003上海春招）

A．invited B．inviting C．being invited D．having invited

keys：1—5DBBAB 6—10AADCC 11—15ADAAA

(完整版)wouldshouldcouldhavedone用法和区别

would/could/might/should have done等 用法和区别 一、在虚拟语气中的用法（情态动词都是过去时态！） 1. should have done：原本应该做某事，(否)shouldn't have done :原本不该做某事 2. ought to have done 原本应该做某事，(否) oughtn't to have done :原本不该做某事 注意： ought to do 语气更强，常用于长辈对小辈的用语或某规则上的要求（严格的规则应用must ）． should do 可用语平辈朋友间，较为客气与口语化 3. need have done 原有必要做某事 (否) needn't have done 原本没必要做某事 注意：做情态动词，need的过去式仍然是need;做实意动词，need 的过去式是needed. 4.could have done 原本能够做某事 注意： couldn't have done 无虚拟语气的用法，只表推测，相当于 can't have done：过去不可能做了某事 5.might have done 原本可以做某事 注意： might not have done 无虚拟语气的用法，只表推测，相当于 may not have done：过去可能没有做某事

6.would have done原本会做某事 1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me. 二、对过去事情表推测的用法(情态动词用原型或过去式都可以，只是在说话者看来，可能性大小稍微有所不同而已) 1. must have done：过去肯定做了某事。不存在 mustn't have done 的形式。其否定或疑问形式须用 can(could)have done：“不可能做过某事”来表示： Since the road is wet, it must have rained last night. 既然路是湿的，那昨天晚上肯定下雨了。 He can't/couldn`t have missed the way. I drew him a map. 他不可能迷路。我（当时）给他画了张图。 “The dictionary has disappeared. Who could/can have taken it?”词典不见了，（过去）谁可能把它拿走了？ 2. may / might have done may / might have done：过去可能做了某事，may 比 might 表示可能性稍大些。 may/might not have done过去可能没有做某事： I can't find my keys. I may / might have left them at the school yesterday. 我找不到我的钥匙了。我可能昨天把他们落在学校了。 John may/might not have passed the exam; he looks very sad. 约翰可能没有通过考试。他看起来很忧伤。

could have done 用法

could have done 用法 1.表示主观猜测：即对已经发生动作或已经存在的状态作出主观上的猜测，通常可译为“可能（已经)”，有时需根据具体语境来翻译。如： Tom could have taken the money; he was here alone yesterday. 有可能是汤姆把钱拿走了，昨天他单独一个人在这里呆过。 We knew he couldn’t have paid for it, because he had no money. 我们知道不可能是他付了这笔钱，因为他没钱。 该用法也可将could换成can，但这只限于否定句和疑问句，因为can表推测时不用于肯定句（而could 可以用于肯定句）。如： Can he have left already? 他会已经离开了吗？ They can’t have gone out because the light’s on. 他们不可能出去了，因为灯还亮着。 2.表示未曾实现的能力：即表示过去本来有能力可以做某事的，但实际上没有那样去做，通常译为“本来可以”“本来能力”等。如： The worst of it is that I could have prevented the accident. 最糟糕的是我本来可以防止这次事故的。 I could have passed my examination easily but I made too many stupid mistakes. 我本可以轻易通过考试，但我犯了太多不该犯的错误。 有时用于反语。如： You’ve broken my pen—thanks for nothing, I could have done that for myself. 你把我的笔给弄坏了—— 你得了吧，就那我自己也会弄。 3.表示未实现的可能性：即表示过去本来可能发生情况，而实际上没有发生，通常译为“本来可以”“本来可能”等。如： She could have been seriously injured. 她本来可能伤得很重的。 It’s difficult enough, but it could have been worse. 这事情够困难的了，本来可能会更糟呢。 有时也可根据语境译为“好在没有”“差点”，尤其是当谈论的是“不好”的情况时。如： She felt miserable. She could have cried. 她感到很痛苦，她差点哭了。 Why did you throw the bottle out of the window? Somebody could have been hurt. 你为什么把瓶子扔出窗外呢？好在没有砸伤人。 4.表示未曾实现的想法：即表示过去本来有做某事的打算或意图，但实际上没有实现，通常译为“本来可以”。如： I could have lent you the money. Why didn’t you ask me? 我本来可以借这笔钱给你的。你为什么不向我提出？ I could have given you some hints, but I suppose you thought yourself too grand. 我本可以给你点提示的，但是我认为你太自负了。 5.表示未曾实现的选择：即表示过去本来可以有机会选择做某事，但实际上没有那样做，通常译为“本来可以”。如： You needn’t have typed it twice. You could have used a carbon. 你没必要打两遍的，你当时本可以用复写纸打。 You needn’t have walked up; you could have taken the lift. 你没必要走着上去，你本来可以乘电梯的。 6.表示批评或责备：即表示过去本来有责任或义务应该做某事的，但实际上却没有做成，含有批评和责备的意味，通常译为“本来应该”“本来可以”等。如： You could have started a little earlier. 你本可早点动身的。 You could have helped me—why did you just sit and watch? 你本来可以帮我一把嘛——为什么你只是坐在那儿观望呢? 7.表示可能达到的极限：表示即使人们尽力而为去做某事，但还是未能做成，通常用于否定句。如： I couldn’t have won, so I didn’t go in for the race. 反正我也赢不了，所以我就没有参加赛跑。

最新小升初英语语法零基础 can have done用法小结

小升初英语语法零基础：can have done用法小结 can have done can have done 通常只用于否定句和疑问句。用于否定句时表否定推断，推测肯定没做；用于疑问句时意为“难道真的做了吗”，表示怀疑。例如： Can he have done such a foolish thing? (= Is it possible …?) 他会做这样的傻事吗？（表怀疑） He can't have taken it home. 他不可能把它带回家了。（表不可能） could have done could have done 可用于肯定句、疑问句和否定句。用于肯定句既可以表示过去能够做而实际未做，有惋惜、遗憾或委婉批评之意，也可以表示对过去动作的推测；用于否定句和疑问句的情况与can have done 相同。例如： You could have done better, but you didn't try your best. 你本可以做得更好，但是你没有尽力而为。（表惋惜） This glass is cracked. Someone could have dropped it. 这个玻璃杯破了。可能是谁把它掉在地上了。（表推测过去） Could he have left the work unfinished?

他会丢下工作不干了？（表怀疑） He couldn't have checked out so early. 他不可能这么早就离开了。（表不可能） 注意：can't have done 的语气比 couldn't have done 要强一些。例如：He can't have been to that town. 他根本不可能去过那座城市。（语气略强） The measurement couldn't have been wrong. 测量不可能出错了吧。（语气稍弱）

不定式完成式to have done用法

情态动词+have done用法 1. Something may have happened to her. 她可能发生了什么事情。 She might have had an accident. 她或许遭受了意外. So she must have taken that too. 因此，她肯定把它也带走了。 1) 这三句话都用了“情态动词＋不定式的完成时”，表示对发生过的事作某种猜测、推测。 (1) must have done 可用来对某件过去的事情作肯定推测，表示“一定已经，想必已经”做过某事，用于肯定的陈述句中。否定句中用can't have done。 She must have received the parcel, I sent it by registered post. 她一定已经收到包裹了，我是用挂号寄的。 (2) may have done, might have done, could have done “可能做过某事”，就语气而言could have done 所表的可能性更小些。 He may / might / could have left by nine. 他可能于九点前已离去。 (3) should have done / ought to have done表示“本该做某事”但实际未做。 I should / ought to have left London before nine but I didn't. 我本该在九点以前离开伦敦，但是我没有。 (4) shouldn't have done / oughtn't to have done 表示“本不该做事”，但实际上又做了。 He shouldn't / oughtn't to have left London before nine but he did. 他本不该在九点前离开伦敦，但是他离开了。 (5) can't / couldn't have done 表否定推测，“不可能做过某事”。 She can't / couldn't have gone to bed, for the light in her room is still on. 她不可能上床睡觉了，因为她房间的灯还亮着。 (6) could have done 可表示客观上“本来能做某事但实际上没做”。 He could have finished the work in time but he didn't work hard. 他本来可以按时干完活的，但他没有卖力。 (7) needn't have done 表示客观上“本不必做某事但实际上又做了”。 I needn't have gone to the office yesterday (but I went there). 昨天我没必要去办公室（但我却去了）。 (8) might have done 还可表示过去“本可能发生但实际上没有发生的动作”。用于表示说话人对已发生的事提出批评或意见。 He might have given more help, even though he was very busy. 即使他很忙，也可以多帮点忙。 情态动词+ 动词完成式即“情态动词+ 动词完成式即“情态动词+ have + done”，表示对过去行为或动作进行推测、评论或判断。这个结构是近几年高考情态动词的重点和难点。 一、在虚拟语气中的用法 1. should have done 表示“过去本应该做某事却未做。”其否定结构shouldn't have done 表示“过去本不该做某事却做了。” 2. ought to have done 表示“过去本应该做某事却未做。”其否定结构oughtn't to have done 表示“过去本不该做某事却做了。” 3. need have done 表示“过去本有必要做某事却未做。”其否定结构needn't have done 表示

“could +have+过去分词”的10种用法

“could +have+过去分词”的10种用法 一、表示主观猜测 即对已经发生动作或已经存在的状态作出主观上的猜测，通常可译为“可能已经…”，有时需根据具体语境来翻译。如： We could not have heard them because of the noise from the river. 由于有河水声我们不能听见他们的话。 Tom could have taken the money; he was here alone yesterday. 有可能是汤姆把钱拿走了，昨天他单独一个人在这里呆过。 We knew he couldn’t have paid for it, because he had no money. 我们知道不可能是他付了这笔钱，因为他没钱。 【说明】该用法也可将could换成can，但这只限于否定句和疑问句，因为can表推测时不用于肯定句，而could可以用于肯定句。如： Can he have left already? 他会已经离开了吗? They can’t have gone out because the light’s on. 他们不可能出去了，因为灯还亮着。 二、表示未曾实现的能力 即表示过去本来有能力可以做某事的，但实际上没有那样去做，通常译为“本来可以、本来能够”等。如： The worst of it is that I could have prevented the accident. 最糟糕的是我本来可以防止这次事故的。 We could have got in for nothing—nobody was collecting tickets. 我们本可以不买票就进去—根本没人收票。 I could have passed my examination easily but I made too many stupid mistakes. 我本可以轻易通过考试，但我犯了太多不该犯的错误。 有时用于反语中。如： You’ve broken my pen—thanks for nothing, I could have done that for myself. 你把我的笔给弄坏了——你得了吧，就那我自己也会弄。 三、表示未曾实现的可能性 即表示过去本来可能发生的情况，而实际上没有发生，通常译为“本来可以、本来可能”

(完整版)couldhavedone用法详解

could have done 用法详解 1.表示主观猜测：即对已经发生动作或已经存在的状态作出主观上的猜测，通常可译为“可能（已经)”，有时需根据具体语境来翻译。如： Tom could have taken the money; he was here alone yesterday. 有可能是汤姆把钱拿走了，昨天他单独一个人在这里呆过。 We knew he couldn’t have paid for it, because he had no money. 我们知道不可能是他付了这笔钱，因为他没钱。 该用法也可将could换成can，但这只限于否定句和疑问句，因为can表推测时不用于肯定句（而could可以用于肯定句）。如： Can he have left already? 他会已经离开了吗？ They can’t have gone out because the light’s on. 他们不可能出去了，因为灯还亮着。 2.表示未曾实现的能力：即表示过去本来有能力可以做某事的，但实际上没有那样去做，通常译为“本来可以”“本来能力”等。如： The worst of it is that I could have prevented the accident. 最糟糕的是我本来可以防止这次事故的。 I could have passed my examination easily but I made too many stupid mistakes. 我本可以轻易通过考试，但我犯了太多不该犯的错误。 有时用于反语。如： You’ve broken my pen—thanks for nothing, I could have done that for myself. 你把我的笔给弄坏了——你得了吧，就那我自己也会弄。 3.表示未实现的可能性：即表示过去本来可能发生情况，而实际上没有发生，通常译为“本来可以”“本来可能”等。如： She could have been seriously injured. 她本来可能伤得很重的。 It’s difficult enough, but it could have been worse. 这事情够困难的了，本来可能会更糟呢。 有时也可根据语境译为“好在没有”“差点”，尤其是当谈论的是“不好”的情况时。如：She felt miserable. She could have cried. 她感到很痛苦，她差点哭了。 Why did you throw the bottle out of the window? Somebody could have been hurt. 你为什么把瓶子扔出窗外呢？好在没有砸伤人。

“could+have+过去分词”用法详解

“could+have+过去分词”用法详解 一、表示主观猜测 即对已经发生动作或已经存在的状态作出主观上的猜测，通常可译为“可能(已经)”，有时需根据具体语境来翻译。如： We could not have heard them because of the noise from the riv er. 由于有河水声我们不能听见他们的话。 Tom could have taken the money; he was here alone yesterday. 有可能是汤姆把钱拿走了，昨天他单独一个人在这里呆过。 We knew he couldn’t have paid for it, because he had no mone y. 我们知道不可能是他付了这笔钱，因为他没钱。 【说明】该用法也可将could换成can，但这只限于否定句和疑问句，因为can表推测时不用于肯定句(而could可以用于肯定句)。如：Can he have left already? 他会已经离开了吗? They can’t have gone out because the light’s on. 他们不可能出去了，因为灯还亮着。 二、表示未曾实现的能力 即表示过去本来有能力可以做某事的，但实际上没有那样去做，通常译为“本来可以”“本来能够”等。如： The worst of it is that I could have prevented the accident. 最糟糕的是我本来可以防止这次事故的。 We could have got in for nothing—nobody was collecting ticket s. 我们本可以不买票就进去——根本没人收票。 I could have passed my examination easily but I made too many stupid mistakes. 我本可以轻易通过考试，但我犯了太多不该犯的错误。 有时用于反语。如： You’ve broken my pen—thanks for nothing, I could have done that for myself. 你把我的笔给弄坏了——你得了吧，就那我自己也会弄。 三、表示未曾实现的可能性

2012.5情态动词+have done用法及练习

情态动词+have done用法及练习 1.must have done 表示对过去或已经发生的行为或状态进行确有把握的推测， 意为“肯定做了某事”；只能用在陈述句的肯定句中。 It must have rained last night, for the road is wet. The lights were out. They must have been asleep. 2.can’t/couldn’t have done sth.表示对过去或已经发生的行为或状态进行确有把的推 意为“不可能做了某事”；只能用在陈述句的否定句中。 He was with me last night. He can’t/ couldn’t have gone to the theatre. I saw Mr. Wang just now. He couldn’t have gone to Beijing. Can/Could …have done sth?表示对过去或已经发生的行为或状态的怀疑. 意为“可能已经…吗？”。用在疑问句中。 He didn’t attend his sister’s birthd ay party. Can/Could he have forgotten it? 3.could have done sth.用于陈述句的肯定句中时是虚拟语气，表示没有实现的可能性，意为“本来可以做，可能已经做”。有一种对过去为付诸实施的事情的惋惜。用于肯定句中 You could have done better, but you were too careless. 4.may/might（not）have done sth表示对过去或已经发生的行为或状态进行推测 意为“可能(没有)做了某事；只能用在陈述句的肯定和否定句中。 It’s too late. I think he may have gone to bed. He might not have finished the work. 5.Should/ought to have done sth表示“本应该做…”而实际上没做 Should/ought not to have done sth. 表示“本不应该做”而实际上做了 You should have come to the meeting earlier. You ought to have done this exercise . You shouldn’t have told her the truth. He ought not to have treated his parents like that. 6.needn’t have done sth.表示做了“本来不必做的事 didn’t need to do 表示“没有必要做而实际上也没有做的事“ You needn’t have taken a taxi here, for it was very near to my house. I didn’t need to clean the windows. My brother did it. 7.had better have done sth.用于事后的建议，含轻微的责备的口吻，意为“当时最好 做了某事“，其否定形式had better not have done sth 表达相反的含义。You had better have started earlier. You had better not have scolded her. 8.would rather have done sth 表示“当时宁愿做了某事”其否定形式would rather not have done sth 表示相反的含义，两者都表示“后悔的意思 I would rather have taken his advice. I raised objections at the meeting, but now I would rather not have done that.

“could+have+过去分词”的10种用法

“could+have+过去分词”的10种用法 一、表示主观猜测 即对已经发生动作或已经存在的状态作出主观上的猜测，通常可译为“可能(已经)”，有时需根据具体语境来翻译。如： We could not have heard them because of the noise from the river. 由于有河水声我们不能听见他们的话。 Tom could have taken the money; he was here alone yesterday. 有可能是汤姆把钱拿走了，昨天他单独一个人在这里呆过。 We knew he couldn’t have paid for it, because he had no money. 我们知道不可能是他付了这笔钱，因为他没钱。 【说明】该用法也可将could换成can，但这只限于否定句和疑问句，因为can表推测时不用于肯定句(而could可以用于肯定句)。如： Can he have left already? 他会已经离开了吗? They can’t have gone out because the light’s on. 他们不可能出去了，因为灯还亮着。 二、表示未曾实现的能力 即表示过去本来有能力可以做某事的，但实际上没有那样去做，通常译为“本来可以”“本来能够”等。如： The worst of it is that I could have prevented the accident. 最糟糕的是我本来可以防止这次事故的。 We could have got in for nothing—nobody was collecting tickets. 我们本可以不买票就进去——根本没人收票。 I could have passed my examination easily but I made too many stupid mistakes. 我本可以轻易通过考试，但我犯了太多不该犯的错误。 有时用于反语。如： You’ve broken my pen—thanks for nothing, I could have done that for myself. 你把我的笔给弄坏了——你得了吧，就那我自己也会弄。 三、表示未曾实现的可能性

can have done用法小结

can have done用法小结 [标签：语法can have done用法小结]小学精华资讯免费订阅can have done can have done 通常只用于否定句和疑问句。用于否定句时表否定推断，推测肯定没做；用于疑问句时意为“难道真的做了吗”，表示怀疑。例如： Can he have done such a foolish thing? (= Is it possible …?) 他会做这样的傻事吗？（表怀疑） He can't have taken it home. 他不可能把它带回家了。（表不可能） could have done could have done 可用于肯定句、疑问句和否定句。用于肯定句既可以表示过去能够做而实际未做，有惋惜、遗憾或委婉批评之意，也可以表示对过去动作的推测；用于否定句和疑问句的情况与can have done相同。例如： You could have done better, but you didn't try your best. 你本可以做得更好，但是你没有尽力而为。（表惋惜） This glass is cracked. Someone could have dropped it. 这个玻璃杯破了。可能是谁把它掉在地上了。（表推测过去） Could he have left the work unfinished? 他会丢下工作不干了？（表怀疑） He couldn't have checked out so early.

他不可能这么早就离开了。（表不可能） 注意：can't have done 的语气比 couldn't have done 要强一些。例如：He can't have been to that town. 他根本不可能去过那座城市。（语气略强） The measurement couldn't have been wrong. 测量不可能出错了吧。（语气稍弱）

通过高考题精讲 could have done的用法

通过高考题精讲 could have done的用法 could （not）have done 常见用法： 1. 对过去行为的推测，表可能。 2. 过去能做而未做，表惋惜，或婉转的批评。 3. 虚拟语气中，表过去的虚拟。 I can’t find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I’m not su re. A. should leave B. must have left C. might leave D. could have left 解析：本题选择D. could have done 对过去行为的推测，表可能。 我找不到皮包，根据下文yesterday表过去的推测，加上I’m not su re，所以排除B。

(2013浙江)3. I ______ myself more ---- it was a perfect day. A shouldn’t have enjoyed B needn’t have enjoyed C wouldn’t have enjoyed D couldn’t have enjoyed 解析：本题选择D. could not have done 对过去行为的推测，表可能。 Could not…….more……固定句型，非常，再….也不为过…根据下文was和perfect，我过的非常愉快。 ——I stayed at a hotel while in New York . ——Oh, did you ? You _____ with Barbara. A.could have stayed B.could stay C.would stay D.must have stayed

情态动词+have done用法详解

情态动词+have done的用法讲解 情态动词+have+done是历年高考的重点和难点之一，现将其用法总结归纳如下： 一、“must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。 1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。 2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。 二、“can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。 1. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。 2. Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。 三、“can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”。 1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？ 2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？ 四、“could+have+done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。 He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。 五、“may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。 —What has happened to George? —I don't know. He may have got lost. —乔治发生了什么事？ ——我不知道，他可能迷路了。 六、“might+have+done”表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多

would have done的用法

would have done, might have done, could have done,should have done分别表示什么意思？ 2009/12/07 17:52 一、在虚拟语气中的用法 1. should have done 表示“过去本应该做某事却未做。”其否定结构 shouldn't have done 表示“过去本不该做某事却做了。” 2. ought to have done 表示“过去本应该做某事却未做。”其否定结构 oughtn't to have done 表示“过去本不该做某事却做了。 ” have to do 表示不得不做，被迫做某事 ought to do 与should do 都表示应该做某事， 但ought to do 语气更强，常用于长辈对小辈的用语或某规则上的要求（严格的规则应用must ）． 而 should do 可用语平辈朋友间，较为客气与口语化 3. need have done 表示“过去本有必要做某事却未做。”其否定结构 needn't have done 表示“过去本没必要做某事却做了。” 4. could (不能用 can) have done 表示“过去本能够做某事却未做。”注意：其否定形式couldn't have done 没有虚拟语气的用法，couldn't have done 只能表推测，相当于 can't have done，意为：“过去不可能做了某事。” 5. might (不能用 may) have done 表示“过去本可以做某事却未做。” 注意：其否定形式 might not have done 没有虚拟语气的用法，might not have done 只能表推测，相当于 may not have done，意为：“过去可能没有做某事。” 二、表推测的用法 1. must have done 表示对过去某事的肯定猜测，译为：过去肯定做了某事。不存在 mustn't have done 的形式。其否定或疑问形式须用 can(could) 来表示. 例如： Since the road is wet, it must have rained last night. 既然路是湿的，那昨天晚上肯定下雨了。 He can't have missed the way. I drew him a map. 他不可能迷路。我（当时）给他画了张图。 “The dictionary has disappeared. Who could have taken it?” 词典不见了，（过去）谁可能把它拿走了？

情态动词+havedone用法总结

情态动词+ have done的用法总结 一、“must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。 1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。 2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。 二、“can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。 1. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。 2. Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。 三、“can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”。 1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？ 2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？ 四、“could+have+done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。 He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。 五、“may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。 —What has happened to George? —I don't know. He may have got lost. —乔治发生了什么事？ ——我不知道，他可能迷路了。 六、“might+have+done”表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。 1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. 他或许会多给你一些帮助，即使他很忙。 2. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. 如果你多给她点机会，她可能已经取得更大的成绩。 七、“would+have+done”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。

wouldshouldcouldhavedone用法和区别

用法和区别 一、在虚拟语气中的用法（情态动词都是过去时态！） 1. should have done：原本应该做某事，(否)shouldn't have done :原本不该做某事 2. ought to have done 原本应该做某事，(否) oughtn't to have done :原本不该做某事 注意： ought to do 语气更强，常用于长辈对小辈的用语或某规则上的要求（严格的规则应用 must ）． should do 可用语平辈朋友间，较为客气与口语化 3. need have done 原有必要做某事 (否) needn't have done 原本没必要做某事 注意：做情态动词，need的过去式仍然是need;做实意动词，need 的过去式是needed. 4.could have done 原本能够做某事 注意： couldn't have done 无虚拟语气的用法，只表推测，相当于 can't have done：过去不可能做了某事 5.might have done 原本可以做某事 注意： might not have done 无虚拟语气的用法，只表推测，相当于 may not have done：过去可能没有做某事 have done原本会做某事

1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me. 二、对过去事情表推测的用法(情态动词用原型或过去式都可以，只是在说话者看来，可能性大小稍微有所不同而已) 1. must have done：过去肯定做了某事。不存在 mustn't have done 的形式。其否定或疑问形式须用 can(could)have done：“不可能做过某事”来表示： Since the road is wet, it must have rained last night. 既然路是湿的，那昨天晚上肯定下雨了。 He can't/couldn`t have missed the way. I drew him a map. 他不可能迷路。我（当时）给他画了张图。 “The dictionary has disappeared. Who could/can have taken it?”词典不见了，（过去）谁可能把它拿走了？ 2. may / might have done may / might have done：过去可能做了某事，may 比 might 表示可能性稍大些。 may/might not have done过去可能没有做某事： I can't find my keys. I may / might have left them at the school yesterday. 我找不到我的钥匙了。我可能昨天把他们落在学校了。 John may/might not have passed the exam; he looks very sad. 约翰可能没有通过考试。他看起来很忧伤。