2012MBA MPA MPACC联考英语真题

2012MBA MPA MPACC联考英语真题

Section 1 Use of Eninglish

Directions :

Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that‘s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries。

His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe。

GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13)portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the ―willie‖ cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier,(20)the most important person in their lives。

1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed

2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal

3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded

4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes

5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence

6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against

7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming

8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down

9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed

10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither

11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished

12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony

13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned

14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human

15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained

16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted

17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired

18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea

19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond

20.[A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the outset [D]at that point

Section II Resdiong Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)

Text 1

Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced

courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student‘s academic grade。

This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children。

District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule。

At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students‘ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct。

The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right。

21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____。

[A] is receiving more criticism

[B]is no longer an educational ritual

[C]is not required for advanced courses

[D]is gaining more preferences

22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor

students_____。

[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education

[B]have asked for a different educational standard

[C]may have problems finishing their homework

[D]have voiced their complaints about homework

23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it

may____。

[A]discourage students from doing homework

[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards

[C]undermine the authority of state tests

[D]restrict teachers' power in education

24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______. [A] it should be eliminated

[B]it counts much in schooling

[C]it places extra burdens on teachers

[D]it is important for grades

25.A suitable title for this text could be______。

[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy

[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students

[C]Thorny Questions about Homework

[D]A Faulty Approach to Homework

Text2

Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls‘ lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls‘ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls‘ lives and interests。

Girls‘ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What‘s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children‘s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years。

I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. T ake the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children‘s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s。

Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a ―third stepping stone‖ between infant wear and older kids‘ clothes. Tt was only after ―toddler‖became a common shoppers‘ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist。

26.By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1)，the author means

pink______。

[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood

[B]should not be associated with girls' innocence

[C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination

[D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests

27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?

[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA。

[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls。

[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders。

[D]White is prefered by babies。

28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by_____。

[A]the marketing of products for children

[B]the observation of children's nature

[C]researches into children's behavior

[D]studies of childhood consumption

29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____。

[A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes

[B]attach equal importance to different genders

[C]classify consumers into smaller groups

[D]create some common shoppers' terms

30.It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____。

[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency

[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers

[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen

[D]well interpreted by psychological experts

Text3

In2010.afederaljudgeshookAmerica'https://www.sodocs.net/doc/1817071211.html,panieshadw onpatentsforisolatedDNAfordecades-by2005some20%ofhumangeneswerepare nted.ButinMarch2010ajudgeruledthatgeneswereunpatentable.Executiveswerev iolentlyagitated.TheBiotechnologyIndustryOrganisation(BIO)，atradegroup,assuredmembersthatthiswasjusta―preliminarystep‖inalongerbattl e。

OnJuly29ththeywererelieved,atleasttemporarily.Afederalappealscourtoverturne dthepriordecision,rulingthatMyriadGeneticscouldindeedholbpatentstotwogenss thathelpforecastawoman'sriskofbreastcancer.ThechiefexecutiveofMyriad,acom panyinUtah,saidtherulingwasablessingtofirmsandpatientsalike。

Butascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatpersonalisedmedicine,thecourtswillre mainratherbusy.TheMyriadcaseitselfisprobablynotoverCriticsmakethreemainar gumentsagainstgenepatents:ageneisaproductofnature,soitmaynotbepatented; genepatentssuppressinnovationratherthanrewardit;andpatents'monopoliesrest rictaccesstogenetictestssuchasMyriad'https://www.sodocs.net/doc/1817071211.html,styea rafederaltask-forceurgedreformforpatentsrelatedtogenetictests.InOctobertheD epartmentofJusticefiledabriefintheMyriadcase,arguingthatanisolatedDNAmolec ule―isnolessaproductofnature...thanarecottonfibresthathavebeenseparatedfro mcottonseeds。‖

Despitetheappealscourt'sdecision,bigquestionsremainunanswered.Forexample, itisunclearwhetherthesequencingofawholegenomeviolatesthepatentsofindividu algeneswithinit.ThecasemayyetreachtheSupremeCourt。

AS the industry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greater https://www.sodocs.net/doc/1817071211.html,panies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes intcract,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug‘s efficacy,companies are eager to win patents for ?connecting the dits‘,expaains hans sauer,alawyer for the BIO。

Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO rtcently held a convention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed。

31.it canbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like-----

A.their executives to be active

B.judges to rule out gene patenting

C.genes to be patcntablc

D.the BIO to issue a warning

32.those who are against gene patents believe that----

A.genetic tests are not reliable

B.only man-made products are patentable

C.patents on genes depend much on innovatiaon

D.courts should restrict access to gene tic tests

33.according to hans sauer ,companies are eager to win patents for----

A.establishing disease comelations

B.discovering gene interactions

C.drawing pictures of genes

D.identifying human DNA

34.By saying ―each meeting was packed‖(line4,para6)the author means that -----

A.the supreme court was authoritative

B.the BIO was a powerful organization

C.gene patenting was a great concern

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/1817071211.html,wyers were keen to attend conventiongs

35.generally speaking ,the author‘s attitude toward gene patenting is----

A.critical

B.supportive

C.scornful

D.objective

Text 4

The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends,

it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young

adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture, and the character of our society for years。

No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending。

But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more

mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes。

Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind。

In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment , is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society‘s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this resession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend。

36.By saying ―to find silver linings‖(Line 1,Para.2)the author suggest that the jobless try to___。

[A]seek subsidies from the govemment

[B]explore reasons for the unermployment

[C]make profits from the troubled economy

[D]look on the bright side of the recession

37.According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____。

[A]realize the national dream

[B]struggle against each other

[C]challenge their lifestyle

[D]reconsider their lifestyle

38.Benjamin Friedman believe that economic recessions may_____。

[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants

[B]bring out more evils of human nature

[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms

[D]ease conflicts between races and classes

39.The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____。

[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities

[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees

[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others‘

[D]recover more quickly than the others

40.The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____。

[A]certain

[B]positive

[C]trivial

[D]destructive

Part B

Directions:

Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)

―Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,‖ wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not。

Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration。

From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus – On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders。

Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit,"wrote Smiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself"His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life。

This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals。

Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:―It is man, real, living man who does all that。‖ And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For:―Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past。‖

This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding — from gender to race to cultural studies —were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs。

[A] emphasized the virtue of

classical heroes。

41. Petrarch [B] highlighted the public glory of

the leading artists。

42. Niccolo Machiavellli [C] focused on epochal figures

whose lives were hard to imitate。

43. Samuel Smiles [D] opened up new realms of

understanding the great men in

history。

44. Thomas Carlyle [E] held that history should be

the story of the masses and their

record of struggle。

45. Marx and Engels [F] dismissed virtue as

unnecessary for successful

leaders。

[G] depicted the worthy lives of

engineer industrialists and

explorers

Section III Translation

46.Directions:

Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15 points)

When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of the best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world ,These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain ,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates 。

Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education,compared with around 3.3%of all Indians over the age of 25.This "brain drain "has long bothered policymakers in poor countries ,They fear that it hurts their economies ,depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities ,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make 。

Section IV Writing

Part A

47.Directions

Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service center to

1)make a complaint and

2)demand a prompt solution

You should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use "zhang wei "instead 。

48、write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should

1)describe the table ,and

2)give your comments

You should write at least 150 words(15points)

某公司员工工作满意度调查

满意不清楚不满意

年龄-------满

意度

小于等于40岁16.7% 50.0% 33.3%

41-50岁0.0% 36.0% 64.0%

大于50岁40.0 50.0% 10.0%

答案：

完形填空：

1.B

2.B

3.A

4.A

5.C

6.B

7.C

8.A

9.D 10.B

11.D 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.B

16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.D

TEXT1：

21. A 22.C 23.A 24.B 25.D

TEXT2：

26.A 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.C

TEXT3：

31.C 32.B 33.A 34.D 35.D

TEXT4：

36.D 37.D 38.B 39.D 40.A

新题型：

41-45：AFGCE

翻译：

发展中国家的人们担心―移民‖，通常是在关注他们前往硅谷或者发达国家的医院和大学后，自己最为美好的，光明的前景会是如何。这些移民是英国、加拿大和澳大利亚这样的国家，试图通过制定一些给予大学毕业生特权的移民政策，想要吸引的一类人群。

大量研究表明，发达国家中受过良好教育的人非常可能移民。2004年对于印度家庭的一项大型研究表明，接近40%的移民都接受过高中以上的教育，而年龄在25岁以上的印度人当中受过高中以上教育的人只有3.3%。这种―人才流失‖长期以来困扰着贫穷国家的政策制定者，这些政策制定者担心移民会破坏他们国家的经济，流失许多急缺的技术人才，这些人才也许本应在他们的大学教书，在他们的医院工作，创造出新产品让本国的工厂来制造。

小作文范文：

Dear Sir or Madame,

As one of the regular customers of your online store, I am writing this letter to express my complaint against the flaws in your product—an electronic dictionary I bought in your shop the other day。

The dictionary is supposed to be a favorable tool for my study. Unfortunately, I found that there are several problems. To begin with, when I opened it, I detected that the appearance of it had been scratched. Secondly, I did not find the battery promised in the advertisement posted on the homepage of your shop, which makes me feel that you have not kept your promise. What is worse, some of the keys on the keyboard do not work。

I strongly request that a satisfactory explanation be given and effective measures should be taken to improve your service and the quality of your products. You can either send a new one to me or refund me my money in full。

I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience。

Sincerely yours, Zhang Wei

MBAMPAMPAcc写作真题及答案解析

四、写作：第56-57小题，共65分，其中论证有效性分析30分，论说文15 分。 56.论证有效性分析：分析下述论证中存在的缺陷和漏洞，选择若干要点，写一篇600字左右的文章，对该论证的有效性进行分析和评述。（论证有效性分析的一般要点是：概念特别是核心概念的界定和使用是否准备并前后一致，有无各种明显的逻辑错误，论证的论据是否成立并支持结论，结论成立的条件是否充分等等。） 一个国家的文化在国际上的影响力是该国软实力的重要组成部分。由于软实力是评判一个国家国际地位的要素之一，所以如何增强软实力就成了各国政府高度关注的重大问题。 其实，这一问题不难解决。既然一个国家的文化在国际上的影响力是该国软实力的重要组成部分，那么，要增强软实力，只需搞好本国的文化建设并向世人展示就可以了。 文化有两个特性，一个是普同性，一个是特异性。所谓普同性，是指不同背景的文化具有相似的伦理道德和价值观念，如东方文化和西方文化都肯定善行，否定恶行;所谓特异性，是指不同背景的文化具有不同的思想意识和行为方式，如西方文化崇尚个人价值，东方文化固守集体意识，正因为文化具有普同性，所以一国文化就一定会被他国所接受；正因为文化具有特异性，所以一国文化就一定会被他国所关注。无论是接受还是关注，都体现了该国文化影响力的扩大，也即表明了该国软实

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