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2013年高考英语试题分类汇编 说明文类完形填空 Word版含解析

2013年高考英语试题分类汇编 说明文类完形填空 Word版含解析
2013年高考英语试题分类汇编 说明文类完形填空 Word版含解析

2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试

高考英语完形填空【说明文】

【广东卷】

I 语言知识及应用(共两节,满分45分)

第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)

阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑

Number sense is not the ability to count. It is the ability to recognize a 1 in number. Human beings are born with this ability. 2 ,experiments show that many animals are, too. For example, many birds have good number sense. If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not 3 . However, if you remove two, the bird 4 leaves. This means that the bird knows the 5 between two and three.

Another interesting experiment showed a bird's 6 number sense. A man was trying to take a photo of a

crow(乌鸦)that had a nest in a tower, but the crow always left when she saw him coming. The bird did not 7 until the man left the tower. The man had an 8 .He took another man with him to the tower. One man left and the other stayed, but they did not 9 the bird. The crow stayed away until the second man left, too. The experiment was 10 with three men and then with four men. But the crow did not return to the nest until all the men were 11 .It was not until five men went into the tower and only four left that they were 12 able to fool the crow.

How good is a human's number sense? It's not very good. For example, babies about fourteen months old almost always notice if something is taken away from a 13 group. But when the number goes beyond three or four, the children are 14 fooled.

It seems that number sense is something we have in common with many animals in this world, and that our human 15 is not much better than a crow's.

1. A. rise B. pattern C. change D. trend

2. A. Importantly B. Surprisingly C. Disappointedly D. Fortunately

3. A. survive B. care C. hatch D. notice

4. A. generally B. sincerely C. casually D. deliberately

5.A. distance B. range C. different D. interval

6.A. amazing B. annoying C. satisfying D. disturbing

7. A. relax B. recover C. react D. return

8. A. appointment B. excuse C. idea D. explanation

9. A. fool B. hurt C. catch D. kill

10.A. repo B. repeated C. designed D. approved

11.A. confused B. gone C. tired D. drunk

12.A. gradually B. luckily C. strangely D. finally

13. A. single B. small C. local D. new

14. A. seldom B. temporarily C. merely D. often

15. A. sight B. nature C. ability D. belief

[语篇解读]:

本文是一篇说事理性的说明文,篇章模式为总-分-分-总的结构。第一段提出话题,说明什么是数字感,并通过拿鸟类作为例子说明,不仅人类与生俱来都有这种数字感,而且动物也有;第二段运用一个人想对一只乌鸦进行拍照的另一个有趣的例子来进一步鸟类的神奇的数字的分辨力;第三段,以一个婴儿为例说明人类的数字感并不是很好;最后一段为结论段,重申主题:人类和许多动物一样都有数字感,而且人类的这种能力不比乌鸦好多少。

[篇章结构]:

段落关键词大意推测

第一部分(para.1)Number sense… is the ability to

recognize a 1 C (change) in

number. Human beings are born

with this ability; …many animals

are, too. the bird knows the 5 C

between two and three.

数字感是辨别数字改变的能力。动物和人

类一样,与生俱来都具有这样的能力:鸟

类可以识别两和三的区别。

第二部分(para.2)experiment showed a bir d’s 6 A

number sense. it was not until

five men went into the tower and

only four left that they were 12

D able to fool the crow.

一项实验证明,鸟类具有数字感:鸟类对

于小的数字有数字感,对于大数字则不太

好:五个人时,只有四个人离开时,乌鸦

终于被搞糊涂了。

第三部分(para.3)How good is a human’s number

sense? ...not very good. But when

the number goes beyond three or

four…are 14 D. often fooled.

人类的数字感:同样不是特别好。数字超

过三或四时,常会出错。

第四部分(para.4)number sense is something

we have in common with

many animals...human 15

C. ability is not much better

than a crow’s

结论:数字感是人类和很多动物共同具有

的能力,人类的这种能力不比乌鸦更强。

【答案解析】

1. C。根据下文的“remove one/two”语义提示可知,这里是把数字发生变化;四个选项分别为:A“上升”,B“图案”,C“改变”,D“趋势”,由此可知本句含义为“数字感是分辨数字变化的能力”,故C为正确答案。

2. B。根据上下文的语境可知,分别说到“人类与生俱来具有这种能力(分辨数字变化的能力)”和“很多鸟类也有很好的数字感。”,运用逻辑推断可知,这里表示这是“令人惊讶的是”,四个选项分别为:A“重要的是”,B“令人惊讶的是”,C“令人失望的是”,D“幸运的是”;所以答案为B。

3. D。根据上文第一句的“recognize”和下文的“knows the 5 ”语义提示可知,这是这二个词的同义词复现,本句句义为:如果一个鸟窝里有四颗鸟蛋,你拿走一个,鸟儿就会发现。A“生存下来”,B“关心”,C“孵(蛋)”均不符合语境。

4. A。根据常识判断,这里要表达的意思是:如果取走两颗鸟蛋时,鸟类在通常情况下会离开(飞走)。四个选项分别为:A“通常,一般情况下”,B“真诚地”,C“随意地”,D“故意地,有意地”。

5. C。根据上文说到的“拿走一个和二个鸟蛋时,鸟的反应和表现”的语义提示可知,这些都是属于difference 的范畴。而且这里的difference与第二句中的change形成同义词复现的关系;四个选项分别为:A“距离”,B“范围”,C“不同,区别”,D“间隙(时段)”。本句句义为:这说明鸟类知道二和三的区别。

6. A。根据上下文的语义提示可知,这里要表达的意思是:另一个有意思的实验也显示了鸟类的这种令人惊奇的数字感。故答案为A。amazing与第四句空格2“Surprisingly(令人吃惊或惊奇的是)”构成同义词的复现关系。

7. D。根据下文第十一空前“not return to the nest”的语义提示可知答案,四个选项的含义分别为:A“放松”,B“恢复”,C“反应”,D“返回,归还”。本句句义为:这只鸟直到那个人离开那座塔之后才离开。事实上这里的return与上句中的left形成反义词的复现关系。

8. C。根据上下文的语境可知,这个人第一种方法行不通,所以这里再用另一方法,由此运用逻辑推断可知,这里要表达的意思是:这个人有(或想出)了一个主意,四个选项的含义分别为:A“失望”,B“借口”,C“主意,想法”,D“解释”。根据语境,下文讲了他的具体做法。A、B和D都不符合,C为正确答案:先有了想法或主意,然后是具体的行为。

9. C。根据上下文的语境可知,他们只是在做实验,根据常识并运用逻辑推断可知他们不是要抓(catch)乌鸦。其他三项A“愚弄”,B“伤害”,D“杀死”均不太符合语境。

10. B。根据上下文的语义提示可知,本句讲了实验的进展:他们又先后用三个人和四个人重复做了实验。并在下句交代了实验的结果:但是乌鸦都是等到所有人(离开)后才回巢。

四个选项的含义分别为:A“报道”,B“重复”,C“设计”,D“通过”。根据语境,

11.B。根据语义提示可知,gone与上文(本段)的left,return,left,left多次构成同义词或反义词的复现关系。所以答案选B项。句意为表示两次实验的结果:但是乌鸦都是等到所有人(离开)后才回巢。故答案为B“离开”。其他选项的含义分别为:A“感到困惑”,C“感到很累”,D“喝醉了酒”。

12.D。根据上下文语境并运用逻辑推断可知,本句以强调句的形式交代了,最后的一次实验及实验结果:直到五个人进入到塔中,只有四个人离开时,他们才最终把乌鸦给搞糊涂了/愚弄了乌鸦。其他错误选项的含义分别为:A“逐渐地”,B“幸运地”,“奇怪地”。

13.B。根据本段语境并结合常识可知,前两句在说:人类的数字感觉也不是非常好。再根据大语境,全文一直在讲,对于鸟类在小数字变换时的数字分辨能力的实验。显然可以推出本句句义为:例如,当从一个很小的一组东西中拿走一些时,十四个月大的婴儿几乎总是能够注意到(这个变化)。故答案为B。其他错误选项的含义分别为:A“单一的”,B“当地的”,D“新的”。这里的small与以上的数字均形成具体与概括的复现关系。

14. D。根据语义提示可知,这里的often与第三句中的almost形成近义词复现关系。四个选项的含义分别为:A“很少”,B“临时”,C“只有”,D“常常”。根据语境与行文逻辑,本句句义为:但是当数字超过三或者四时,婴儿们通常会被搞糊涂。

15. C。根据上文的语义提示可知,这里的ability与首段的ability形成相同词的复现关系。文章末段与首段开甩语义照应上的前后照应的关系。四个选项的含义分别为:A“视力,看见”,B“本质,天性,内在”,C“能

力”,D“信仰,相信”。本段为结论段,根据语境,本句句义为:(好像数字感是我们与世界上的许多动物都具备的能力,而且)我们人类的这种能力不比乌鸦更强。

【重庆卷】

B

It is easy to overlook the role that your body plays in influencing your mood (情绪). When you are _49_ . you may find yourself blaming work pressures or an unknown future. However, it could just be that you've been sitting behind your desk too long.

One way to improve your mood is _50_. Psychologically, it provides you with a break from the stresses in your life. Also, in the process, you may aim for _51 goals, like a new personal running record or a better body shape. The achievement of a particular goal makes you feel good and contributes to your _52_. That is why exercise has been shown to _53_ your self-respect.

You do not have to train yourself _54_ to feel the psychological benefits of exercise. What really matters is _55_, not intensity (强度) of your exercise. You can try walking for 30 minutes

five times per week or simply gardening on weekends.

49. A. ill B. poor C. unhappy D. unsuccessful

50. A. play B. communication C. sleep D. exercise

51. A. clear B. present C. common D. early

52. A. ability B. relationship C. confidence D. business

53. A. tear down B. build up C. set aside D. give out

54. A. hard B. everywhere C. carefully D. late

55. A. time B. length C. form D. frequency

[定文体抓主旨]:本文是一篇说明性的文章。人们常常会忽视身体对情绪的影响。锻炼可以使人们快乐起来。锻炼也能使人增强信心,树立起自尊心。同时也告诉读者如果想要得到锻炼的好处,应该在于经常锻炼而不在于锻炼的强度。最后一段点出文章主旨大意。本篇难度:中等。

[篇章结构]:

段落关键词大意推测

第一部分(para.1)overlook the role;your body ;

influencing your mood;blaming

一个人很容易忽视身体对情绪的影响;有

时不开心会责备工作压力或不明的前程

work pressures, sitting behind

your desk too long

其实可能原因在于工作时间太长了。

第二部分(para.2)improve your mood;provide you

with a break from the stresses;a

particular goal;feel good;

contribute to;your self-respect

改善情绪的方法之一是锻炼。锻炼的过程

中不同的人有不同的目标,而目标的实现

使我们增强信心,树立起自尊心。

第三部分(para.3)train yourself;the benefits of

exercise;matters;intensity of

your exercise;30 minutes five

times per week

感受锻炼的快乐不在于锻炼的强度,而在

于锻炼的频率。坚持一周五次三十分钟的

锻炼会大有好处。

49.C。根据下文“find yourself blaming work pressures or an unknown future”可知这里人的情感为unhappy, 表示不快乐,不高兴的心理,所以选择C。

50.D。根据下文的“like a new personal running record or a better body shape”可知这里是通过锻炼来改善情绪,由此推知D项正确。

51.A。本句中后面的内容有两个1)一个个人跑步纪录2) 更好的体型。也就是进行锻炼要有明确的(clear)目标,另外,下句的particular goal(特定的目标)也在提示这层意思,由此推断A正确。

52.C。“锻炼强身”这是人人都知道的事实,身体好了,信心就会得到增强。同时,本句中的a particular goal makes you feel good也可以印证常识的正确性,所以选C。

53.B。build up one’s self-respect 增强个人的自尊心,所以选B。

54.A。根据下文中的not intensity of your exercise 重要的不是锻炼的强度,可知答案为A。train hard 拼命锻炼。本句意为“你不用太拼命的锻炼来感受运动带来的对身体的好处。”

55.D。本句意为:关键是锻炼的频率而不是锻炼的强度。下文中的30 minutes five times per week 所表达的是动作发生的频率。

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阅读理解 专题一广告信息类 2018年 Passage 1 2018全国卷Ⅰ,6分话题:骑自行车在华盛顿特区观光词数:274 Washington,D.C. Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration:3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability —and the cherry blossoms — disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration:3 hours(4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration:3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration:3 hours(7 miles) Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. 1. Which tour do you need to book in advance? A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour. C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. 2. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour? A. Meet famous people. B. Go to a national park. C. Visit well-known museums. D. Enjoy interesting stories. 3. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide? A. City maps. B. Cameras. C. Meals.

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名词 ( C )1. (2017江西) —Do you have any for tonight yet? —Not yet. What about having a picnic on the beach? A. problems B. news C. plans D. rules ( A )2. (2017福建) —Nowadays more and more foreigners are becoming interested in Beijing Opera. —That’s true. It’s an important part of Chinese . A. culture B. invention C. custom D. tradition ( A )3. (2017海南) It is very hot in Hainan this summer. On June 3rd, the in Lingao reached 41.9℃. A. temperature B. information C. development D. progress ( C )4. (2017上海) Did the policeman give much on how to protect personal information? A. note B. tip C. advice D. book ( C )5. (2017天津) Don’t stand too close to North Americans. You’d better give them more personal . A. time B. system c. space D. pity ( C )6. (2017重庆) —Judy, I will have a meeting in Canada next week. —Well, you’d better take a with you, or you may easily get lost. A. photo B. stamp C. map D. postcard ( A )7. (2017安徽) The New Silk Road will offer a good for more nations to communicate. A. chance B. habit C. question D. price ( B )8. (2017山西) You should look into his eyes when you talk to somebody. It shows your . A. shyness B. politeness C. quietness D. rudeness ( C )9. (2017南京) —I go swimming every day. —Wow! That’s a good . It keeps you healthy. A. match B. task C. habit D. dream ( C )10. (2017武汉) —I wonder if you’ve made a decision on the project, Eric. —Not yet. I can’t make it until I have first-hand on prices. A. news B. knowledge C. information D. education ( B )11. (2017哈尔滨) During the Spring Festival, people in Northern China usually eat as a traditional Chinese food. A. pizza B. dumplings C. hamburgers D. bread ( C )12. (2017苏州)—Shall we go on Friday or Saturday? —Either day is OK. It makes no to me. A. choice B. change C. difference D. decision ( B )(2017孝感)13. Computers are very useful. They can help us get much on the Internet. A. games B. information C. courage D. messages ( C )(2017青岛) 14. Fruit is good for health, so I often have breakfast with one .

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