英美文化知识竞赛试题

英语系英美文化知识竞赛试题

第一部分（客观题，共60分）

PART ONE

Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] are given. Choose the one which you think best completes the statement or answers the questions. (60 points, 2 point for each)

1. The British Isles are made up of _____ .

A. three large islands and hundreds of small ones

B. three large islands and dozens of small ones

C. two large islands and hundreds of small ones

D. two large islands and dozens of small ones

2. In Britain, ____ formally appoints important government ministers, judges.

A. the Queen

B. the Prime Minister

C. the Lord President of the Council

D. the Speaker of the House of Commons

3. Christianity was first brought to England by ____.

A. the Romans

B. the Celts

C. the Anglo-Saxons

D. the Danes

4. ______ is the oldest of all the parties in Ireland.

A. The Irish Labour Party

B. The Progressive Democrats

C. Fianna Fail

D. Fine Gael

5. The Romans led by Julius Caesar launched their first invasion on Britain in ______.

A. 200

B.

C. B. 55 B.C. C. 55 A.

D. D. 410 A.D.

6. When Wales was brought under the English Crown, the title of “Prince of Wales” was born by _____, the eldest son of the reigning monarch.

A. Richard I

B. Henry III

C. Edward I

D. Edward II

7. Christmas Day, December 25th, celebrates the ____ of Christ, and is the great Christian festivals.

A. birth

B. death

C. Crucifixion

D. Resurrection

8. British recorded history begins with the ___ invasion.

A. Roman

B. Viking

C. Anglo-Saxon

D. Norman

9. In the United Kingdom, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of ___.

A. the Speaker

B. the Lord Chancellor

C. the Duke of Edinburgh

D. the Prime Minister

10. In England no females were allowed to vote in national elections before ___.

A. 1918

B. 1920

C. 1928

D. 1945

11. The two very important crops in Britain are ___.

A. barley and corn

B. wheat and rice

C. barley and oats

D. wheat and barley

12. In Britain, a ____ is held when a Member of Parliament dies, retires or resigns.

A. civic election

B. by-election

C. popular election

D. general election

13. The eldest son of Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ——Prince Charles, Prince of _____, is the heir to the throne.

A. England

B. Scotland

C. Wales

D. Northern Ireland

14. In Britain, the Speaker is a member who is acceptable to all shades of opinion in _______.

A. the Privy Council

B. the House of Lords

C. the Supreme Court

D. the House of Commons

15. Australia, which is one of the world's developed countries, has become rich through _____.

A. manufacturing industries

B. farming and mining

C. service industries

D. forestry and fishing

16. With regard to its size, Australia is _____ country in the world.

A. the third largest

B. the fourth largest

C. the fifth largest

D. the sixth largest

17. Australia is the world's largest exporter of _____.

A. wheat

B. wool

C. meat

D. dairy products

18. The main feature of Australia's trade is that ______.

A. it is mainly with developing countries and Great Britain

B. it has had a deficit on visible trade

C. it has had a surplus on invisible trade

D. it has involved the exchange of raw materials for finished products

19. It is assumed that the first Europeans who reached Australia’s shores were _____.

A. the Dutch

B. the English

C. the Germans

D. the Spanish and Portugese

20. The head of state of Australia is ______.

A. the Governor

B. the President

C. the Prime Minister

D. the Queen of England

21. Politically, Australia is divided into _____states and two territories.

A. four

B. five

C. six

D. seven

22. Among the five Australian cities with a population of over a million only ___ lies on the Western coast.

A. Sydney

B. Brisbane

C. Melbourne

D. Perth

23. Apart from Britain, the Queen is also the head of state of the following countries EXCEPT ______.

A．Australia B．Canada

C．New Zealand D．South Africa

24. In New Zealand, nearly three-quarters of the population (including more than 95 percent of the Maori) live in ____.

A. South Island

B. North Island

C. Stwart Island

D. the Chatham Islands

25. The natural disasters in New Zealand may include ______. A．earthquakes, volcanoes and flooding

B．volcanoes, flooding and heavy snows

C．earthquakes, flooding, and heavy snows

D．volcanoes, heavy snows and earthquakes

26. New Zealand’s highest peak is ___ in the mountain range called the central Southern Alps.

A. Mount Ngauruhoe

B. Mount Tongariro

C. Mount Cook

D. Mount Taranaki

27. ______ is the capital of New Zealand.

A．Auckland B．Wellington

C．Toronto D．Montreal

28. New Zealand consists of two main islands: _______.

A. North Island and South island

B. Steward Island and Long Island

C. West Island and East Island

D. Victorian island and Tasman Island

29. New Zealand’s climate is generally _____ and seasonal differences are not so great.

A. dry and cold

B. mild and moist

C. hot and wet

D. windy and cold

30. Colored eggs and bunny are traditional symbols of _____.

A. Easter

B. Christmas

C. Valentine

D. New Year's Day

PART TWO

Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). (10 points, 2 point for each)

31. ( ) Britain is no longer an imperial country.

32. ( ) The capital of Belfast is a larger city with half a million

people.

33. ( ) Most British people are Protestants while most Irish people are Catholics.

34. ( ) In the UK, a government cannot stand for longer than five years except in exceptional circumstances.

35. ( ) The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain’s foreign policy.

36. ( ) Ireland is a republic with a government headed by a Prime Minister, elected directly by the people.

37. ( ) The attitude of Ireland toward Britain is dislike or even hatred because of the colonial past.

38. ( ) The European settlement in Australian started in 1788 in Sydney.

39. ( ) Victoria and South Australian were established as convict colonies.

40. ( ) Convict transportation to Australian continent was stopped in 1852.

第二部分（主观题，共20分）

Given an one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer on the answer sheet. (20 points, 4 points for each)

41. How long was Britain under the Roman occupation?

42. What does the British Parliament consist of?

43. Who is the most well-known Irish writer of the modern period?

44. Who is the writer of A Midsummer Night’s Dream?

45. Who is the first female Prime Minister in Australia?

参考答案

1-5 C A A A B 6-10 D A A D A 11-15 D B C D B

16-20 D B D DD 21-25 C D D B A 26-30 C B A B A

31-35 T F T T T 36-40 F F T F F

Ⅱ.

41. Britain was under the Roman occupation for nearly 400 years.

42. The British Parliament consists of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

43. James Joyce is the most well-known Irish writer of the modern period.

44. William Shakespeare

45. Julia Gillard

初中英语英美文化中英美文化常识素材【word版】.doc

About American 1.What is the full name of America? The United States of America 2 How many states are there in the United States? Fifty states 3 What is the capital of the USA Washington D.C. 4 Where is the Stature of Liberty? In New York 5 Where does the American president live ? In the white house About Britain 1 What does UK stand for ? The United Kingdom 2 What us the full name of the UK? The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 3What are the four parts of the UK? England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. 4In which continent is the UK situated? In Europe. 5 By which channel is the UK separated The English Channel About China 1.How many ethnic groups are there in China? 56 2.In which continent is China located In Asia 3. what are the four great inventions in ancient China? Paper-making, printing, gunpowder, and the compass 4. What is the largest island in China? Taiwan Island 5. When was the people’s Republic of China founded?

英美文化背景 英美文化及其风俗习惯

英美文化及其风俗习惯 1．关于个人隐私：英美人特别注重个人隐私，他们认为个人的事不必让别人知道，更不愿让别人干预，当陌生人或不大熟悉的人提出How old are you?(你多大了?)／How much do you make? (你赚多少钱?)／Are you married? (你结婚了吗?)等涉及年龄、收入、婚姻状况、宗教信仰等问题时，都被认为有失礼貌。因此，在与英美人交往时，应避免问及有关隐私的问题。 2．被邀做客带什么?在英美等国家，如果被邀请去别人家里做客，除非遇到一些重大的节日或婚礼、生日等特殊的场合，通常只需带上一点小礼物或一束鲜花即可。如果是好朋友相邀，则送不送礼物都可以，如果一定要送点什么，也不需要买过于贵重的东西，礼物可以是一瓶酒，一块巧克力，一张有纪念意义的明信片等。在接过礼物后，接受礼物的人则会马上打开礼物，并说一些赞赏的话，而赠送礼物的人衷心地说一声“Thank you very much.”也是必不可少的。 3．在欧美国家，当你乘坐出租车或在饭店、旅店消费，进行理发或美容时，除车费、饭钱、住宿费等应付的账单外，常常还需支付一定的小费。小费的比例一般为账单的10％-15％。人们通常给出租车司机、理发师、美容师、旅馆行李员小费。但在饮食店和旅馆，如果小费已经算在账单里了，通常就不必再给小费了。给小费是尊重对方劳动的礼貌行为。 4．当你接到美国人请你到家做客的邀请时，你或许会感到困惑，不知道在美国人家里怎么做。其实很简单，大部分美国人都希望你在做客时表现得自然，你没必要过于拘谨。一般来说，美国人对于朋友的到访都带有随意的态度。他们希望你能感到轻松、舒适，就像你在自己家里一样。当然，在别人家里有些事你是不能做的，比如说，不经允许就开冰箱拿可乐喝或乱翻动桌子上的资料等是不礼貌的。英美国家，介绍互不相识的双方认识有习惯的顺序：先把家人介绍给主人，把男子介绍给女子，把年幼者介绍给年长者，把位卑者介绍给位尊者。 5．当你收到你不想接受的邀请时，你该如何拒绝呢?在英语中，有许多表示拒绝的用语。他们有的口气强硬，有的较委婉。对别人的邀请委婉地拒绝会更有礼貌，也让人容易接受。比如：“I'm sorry．but I'm busy on Saturday．(对不起，我星期六很忙。)”而不能说：“No. I don't want to go．(不，我不想去。)”又比如，你可以说：“I’d like t0 play tennis，but I have something else to do．(我喜欢打网球，可是我还有别的事要做。)”而避免说：“No，I don't want to play tennis with you．(我不想和你去打网球。)” 6．“这些东西多少钱(How much is it)?”在各国都是一个普通但重要的问题。在使用时各国却存在一个文化的差异。在亚洲的大部分国家，在小商店里向店主询问商品价格并讨价还价(bargain)是很自然的事。但在美国和其他西方国家，即使是小店，每样商品的包装上都有价格标签(price tag)。你不需询问价格，只用按照标签上的价格付钱即可，人们极少讨价还价。但是除了商品本身的价格外，人们通常还需另付商品价格5％～8．5％的消费税。

英美文化概论考试16年

1
Which one is wrong about the Great Depression?( )
1.0 分
?
A、
The Great Depression started with the crash of the New York stock market.
?
B、
More than 9000 banks closed down.
?
C、
It took a short time for the New York Stock to recover.
?
D、
Many people became homeless because of the Great Depression.
我的答案：C
2
About ( ) of Christians belong to Catholics.
1.0 分
?
45%
A、
?
50%
B、
?
55%
C、

?
60%
D、
我的答案：C
3
Which statement of following is wrong?( )
1.0 分
?
A、
There were many cold conflicts in the cold war, such as weapon competition and spying.
?
B、
Germany reunited in 1990.
?
C、
The USSR was dissolved in 1990.
?
D、
After the USSR dissovled, 15 new countries were created.
我的答案：C
4
The GFC Recession started in ( ).
1.0 分
?
the USA
A、
?
B、

【英美文化】各章节知识点

Outline of chapters After learning this chapter you should learn to Chapter 1 I. terms: culture, iceberg, culture shock, low context culture/ high context culture, collectivism/ individualism, relationship-oriented/ task-oriented, multicultural person, monocultural person, multilingual person, the characteristics of culture II. Questions: 1. List some cultural differences between the west and east. at least 5. 2. What is cultural stereotype and its influence on cultural learning? 3. What kind of attitude shall we take towards cultural learning and cultural generalizations? Chapter 2 I. Terms: value, individualism, collectivism, individual-oriented society, group-oriented society II. Questions： 1. The core value of the U.S.: individualism, privacy, equality, informality, directness and assertiveness. 2. The core value of Britain: class system, British food, socializing, understatement and so on. 3. Different value in American and British daily life. 4. Cultural reasons of cheating. 5. The child-parent relationship in different culture. 6. The difference of American dream and Chinese dream. Chapter 3: I. Terms： Western-style conversation, Japanese-style conversation, low-context communication, high-context communication II. Questions: 1.Can you use different ballgames to explain western-style conversation and Japanese-style conversation? 2.What are the differences between low-context and high-context communication? 3.How should students organize their expository writing in English? 4.What are the unspoken rules for a language? 5.Can you give a specific example of directness in verbal interaction between Americans? Chapter 4 1.Illustrate the importance of nonverbal communication. 2.Know at least 5 aspects of silent language. 3.Explain the functions of nonverbal cues. 4.Explain Americans’ perception of time and their time concept.

英美文化概论-网课答案

如果没找到答案，请关注gzh：音速校园。免费搜题！！！ 1. 单选题 In 2012, the top 5 agricultural commodities of America are ( ), cattle, soybeans, dairy products and chickens for meat.（分） Corn 2. 单选题 The Panama Canal was finally built by a ( ) consortium.（分） America 3. 单选题 Washington, Jefferson, () and Lincoln's faces are made on the Mount Rushmore.( )（分） Roosevelt 4. 单选题 The most popular pets in America is ( ).（分） Cat 5. 单选题 Berlin Wall was ended in ( ).（分） 1989 6. 单选题 In China, the life expectancy is ( ) years.（分） 75 7. 单选题 There were ( ) Chief Justice in the Supreme Court.（分） 1 8. 单选题 In American football, the boy who throws the ball is called ( ).（分） 没搜到哦~ 9. 单选题 The first three ethnic groups in the USA are ( ).（分）

英美文化概况试题5

山东经济学院2010--2011学年第 1学期期末试题 英美文化概况（110126）试卷（5） 注意事项：所有的答案都必须写在答题纸上，答在试卷上一律无效 Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 1. Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. 2. The divine right of the king means the sovereign derived his authority from his subjects. 3. In Britain, Grammar schools select children at the age of 11 and provide them with a general education. 4. The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain’s foreign policy. 5. The origin of Bowling lies in the victory celebration ceremony by the ancient warriors. 6. Americans have to join a political party in order to vote or to be a candidate for public office. 7. The Clinton Administration made national security, economic prosperity and promotion of democracy the three pillars of the American foreign policy. 8.It takes at least fours years to get a bachelor’s degree from an institution of higher learning in the US. 9. In Britain, Grammar schools select children at the age of 11 and provide them with a general education. 10. The president has the authority to appoint federal judges, and all such court appointments are subject to confirmation by the House of Representatives. 11.The main duty of the Congress is to make laws, including those which levy taxes that pay for the work of the federal government. 12.Most people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language, called “Gaelic” 13. When George W. Bush became President, his foreign policy has two prominent elements: isolationism and faith in military strength. 14. Harvard College was originally founded to train government officials. 15. There are about 60 members of the Commonwealth. 16. The state of Pennsylvania used to be inhabited by the Quakers. - 1 - （共页）

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Chapter 1 1.the geographical composition of the U.K.: two/four parts 2.the population: the majority / the earliest inhabitants 3.the English language: the Germanic group of the Indo-European family / three periods Chapter 2 4.Westminster Abbey 5.1066, Norman Conquest, feudalism 6.Henry II—jury system 7.Magna Carta 8.the Hundred Years’ War 9.House of Tudor: medieval to modern 10.Religious Reformation: the Roman Catholic Church VS. Henry VIII 11.two camps of the Civil War 12.the Glorious Revolution, the Bill of Rights, constitutional monarchy 13.the Industrial Revolution: reasons / effects 14.the British Empire —colonization 15.Three Majestic Circles Chapter 3 16.the British Constitution: three parts 17.a division of powers among three branches 18.Parliament —the law-making body; two houses The House of Commons —center of parliamentary power 19.the role of the Prime Minister 20.The House of Lords —Supreme Court 21.Scotland —a distinct legal system 22.right/left wing party 23.a general election —every 5 years 24.The Commonwealth —decolonization; an unpolitical union of sovereign states Chapter 4 25.Margaret Thatcher and her controversial policies 26.three sectors of economy —primary, secondary and tertiary 27.the major trends in the British economy 28.two pillar industries of the current British economy Chapter 5 29.British compulsory education —5 to 16 30.four stages secondary education —comprehensive school further education —sixth form 31.two systems

超星MOOC英美文化概论答案

1.1Western Names 1【单选题】 In the format of western names,which name is put first?( ) A、Family name B、Last name C、Surname D、First name 我的答案：D 2【单选题】 Bill is the short version of ( ). A、William B、Steven C、Robert D、Richard 我的答案：A 3【判断题】 There is only one given name in western name.( ) 我的答案：× 1.2What is Culture 1【单选题】 Culture is the beliefs, ( ) and way-of-life of a community or society. A、traditions B、habits C、customs D、costumes 我的答案：C 2【单选题】 Which one is not the key aspect of Chinese culture?( ) A、Chinese food B、Spring Festivel C、Chinese medicine D、Football 我的答案：D 3【判断题】 Chinese culture is better than American culture.( ) 我的答案：× 2Geography of the USA

1【单选题】 ( ) and Hawaii are seperated from American mainland. A、Colorado B、Indiana C、Alabama D、Alaska 我的答案：D 2【单选题】 Which is the largest states by population?( ) A、Texas B、New York C、California D、Florida 我的答案：C 3【判断题】 Boston is on the West Coast of America.( ) 我的答案：× 2.2Three Icons of America 1【单选题】 Why is Yellowstone National Park important?( ) A、Because it is the first national park in the world. B、Because it is in America. C、Because it is the biggest national park in America. D、Because it is the first national park in America. 我的答案：A 2【单选题】 Washington, Jefferson, () and Lincoln's faces are made on the Mount Rushmore.( ) A、Madison B、Roosevelt C、Kennedy D、Adams 我的答案：B 3【单选题】 Which country provided the Statue of Liberty to America?( ) A、The United Kingdom B、Canada C、Australia D、France 我的答案：D

英美文化概论整理

英国： 1、The official name of the United Kingdom is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 2、The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain(the larger one)and Ireland,and hundreds of small ones. 3、（UK）capital:London 4、There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England,Scotland,and Wales.England is the largest,most populous and richest. 5、The British Empire（大英帝国）:one fourth of the world’s people and one fourth of the world’s land area.The British Empire gradually disappeared and it was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Commonwealth of Nations in1931.The Commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. 6、The United Kingdom is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east.The English Channel lies between Britain and France. 7、The highest mountain in Britain is Ben Nevis（本尼维斯山）,1,343m in Scotland.The longest river is the Severn River（塞文河）（338km）;the second largest and most important river is the Thames River（336km）. The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh（内伊湖）in Northern Ireland. 8、The English are Anglo-Saxons（盎格鲁撒克逊人）,but the Scots,

英美文化的一些知识

1. British personalities(P6)（星） The best-known quality of the British , and in particular of the English, is “reserve”. A reserved person is one who does not talk very much to strangers , does not show much emotion, and seldom gets excited. Closely related to English reserve is English modesty, within their hearts, the English are perhaps no less conceited than anybody else, but in their relations with others they value at least a show of modesty. The famous English sense of humor is similar. Its starting point is self deprecation, and its great enemy is conceit. Its ideal is the ability to laugh at oneself—at one’s own faults, one’s own failures and embarrassments, even at one’s own ideals. Finally, sportsmanship . Like a sense of humor, this is an English ideal which not all Englishmen live up to. It must be realized that sport in its modern form is almost entirely a British invention.(152) 2. Importance of Elizabeth Era in politics,military,international relations and culture（月） Elizabeth Era is a British golden age. In government, Elizabeth was more moderate than her father and siblings. She followed a motto “I see, and say nothing” ,which saved her from political misalliances. Elizabeth restored the status of the episcopal church. And in the first two years she released the supreme law and a single laws, regulating

英美文化概论答案第一份

1、In the format of western names,which name is put first?( ) ?A、Family name ?B、Last name ?C、Surname ?D、First name 正确答案： D 我的答案：D得分：33.3分 2 Bill is the short version of ( ). ?A、William ?B、Steven ?C、Robert ?D、Richard 正确答案： A 我的答案：A得分：33.3分 3 There is only one given name in western name.( ) 正确答案：×我的答案：× Which one is not the key aspect of Chinese culture?( ) ?A、Chinese food ?B、Spring Festivel ?C、Chinese medicine ?D、Football 正确答案： D 我的答案：D得分：33.3分 4 Culture is the beliefs, ( ) and way-of-life of a community or society. ?A、traditions ?B、habits ?C、customs ?D、costumes 正确答案： C 我的答案：C得分：33.3分

Chinese culture is better than American culture.( ) 正确答案：×我的答案：× Topography of the USA已完成成绩：100.0分 6 ( ) and Hawaii are seperated from American mainland. ?A、Colorado ?B、Indiana ?C、Alabama ?D、Alaska 正确答案： D 我的答案：D得分：25.0分 7 The two significant mountain ranges of American are ( ) and Appalachian Mountains. ?A、Rocky Mountains ?B、Andes Mountains ?C、Alps Mountains ?D、Atlas Mountains 正确答案： A 我的答案：A得分：25.0分 8 Which is the largest states by population?( ) ?A、Texas ?B、New York ?C、California ?D、Florida 正确答案： C 我的答案：C得分：25.0分 9 Boston is on the West Coast of America.( ) 正确答案：×我的答案：× Three icons of America已完成成绩：33.3分

《英美文化概论》期末考试20

一、单选题（题数：50，共50.0 分） 1 Why did the French consortium gave up to build the canal?( )（1.0分）1.0 分 A、 Because it was too expensive. B、 Because many people died. C、 Because the topography in Panama was difficult to build a canal. D、 Because the American government decidded to buld it by themselves. 正确答案：C 我的答案：C 2 The most popular pets in America is ( ).（1.0分） 1.0 分 A、 Dog B、 Fish C、 Bird D、 Cat 正确答案：D 我的答案：D 3 1 kilogram is ( ) pounds.（1.0分） 1.0 分 A、 0.6 B、 1.7 C、 2.1 D、 2.2 正确答案：D 我的答案：D

Which one of following is polite in western culture?( )（1.0分） 1.0 分 A、 Throwing paper on the ground B、 Smoking in restaurant C、 Spitting in the street D、 Waiting bus in a queue 正确答案：D 我的答案：D 5 Which car company has the most market in America?( )（1.0分） 1.0 分 A、 GM B、 Ford C、 Toyota D、 Honda 正确答案：A 我的答案：A 6 According to the 2010 Pew Survey, ( ) of Chinese believe folk religion.（1.0分）1.0 分 A、 18.2% B、 5.1% C、 13.8% D、 21.9% 正确答案：D 我的答案：D 7 Which one of following is wrong about the GFC Recession? ( )（1.0分）

英美文化知识小点总结

Historic events 一)Hundred Years’ war 百年战争 It was a series of separate conflicts between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France and their various allies for control of the French throne, which had become vacant upon the extinction of the senior Capetian line of French kings. Time: From1337 to 1543 The war is commonly divided into three or four phases, separated by various unsuccessful truces: ①the Edwardian War (1337–1360); ②the Caroline War (1369–1389); ③the Lancastrian War (1415–1453); Cause: The background to the conflict is to be found in 1066, when William, Duke of Normandy, led an invasion of England. He defeated the English King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings, and had himself crowned King of England. As Duke of Normandy, he remained a vassal of the French King, and was required to swear fealty to the latter for his lands in France; for a king to swear fealty to another king was considered humiliating, and the Norman Kings of England generally attempted to avoid the service. On the French side, the Capetian monarchs resented a neighboring king holding lands within their own realm, and sought to neutralize the threat England now posed to France The King of England directly ruled more territory on the continent than did the King of France himself. This situation – in which the kings of England owed vassalage to a ruler who was de facto much weaker – was a cause of continual conflict. John of England inherited this great estate from King Richard I. However, Philip II of France acted decisively to exploit the weaknesses of King John, both legally and militarily, and by 1204 had succeeded in wresting control of most of the ancient territorial possessions. Significance: The Hundred Years' War was a time of military evolution. Weapons, tactics, army structure, and the societal meaning of war all changed, partly in response to the demands of the war, partly through advancement in technology, and partly through lessons that warfare taught. The war also stimulated nationalistic sentiment. It devastated France as a land, but it also awakened French nationalism. The Hundred Years' War accelerated the process of transforming France from a feudal monarchy to a centralized state. The conflict became one of not just English and French kings but one between the English and French peoples. There were constant rumours in England that the French meant to invade and destroy the English language. National feeling that emerged out of such rumours unified both France and England further. The Hundred Years War basically confirmed the fall of the French language in England, which had served as the language of the ruling classes and commerce there from the time of the Norman Conquest until 1362 Important Figures: England King Edward III 1327–1377 Edward II's son