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新世纪大学英语综合教程1‘2’3‘4课后答案(全)

新世纪大学英语综合教程1‘2’3‘4课后答案(全)
新世纪大学英语综合教程1‘2’3‘4课后答案(全)

(I)Working with Words and Expressions

2. (1) obtain (2) confident (3) communicate (4) advantage

(5) relevant (6) helpful (7) extreme (8) enjoyable

(9) means (10) process (11) particularly (12) characters

(13) astonished (14) apparently

3. (1) fond of (2) is…related to (3) according to

(4) To a certain degree (5) vice versa (6) no doubt

(7) rid… of (8) cleare d up (9) or else

(10) at all costs (11) sure enough (12) let alone

(13) similar to (14) It’s no use (15) in my opinion(16) was worth (II)Increasing Your Word Power

1. (1) c (2) d (3) b (4) b (5) b (6) d

2. (1) highly/very (2) quite/very (3) quite/very/increasingly (4) quite/simply/very

3.

4.No Mistake

especial→especially

necessarily →necessary

frequent → frequently

No Mistake

ea sily → easy

No Mistake

i ndividually → individual

a pparently → apparent

r emarkably → remarkable

p robable → probably

No Mistake

(III)Grammar

Task 1:

(1)would/should (2) should/would (3) might (4) would

(5) must (6) can’t (7) should would (8) must

Task 2:

(1)We passed the afternoon very pleasantly, roller-skating in the sun and talking

about our childhood under a tree. / The afternoon passed very pleasantly, while we roller-skated in the sun and talked about our childhood under a tree.

(2)On entering the lecture hall, I was surprised at the size of the crowd. / When I

entered the lecture hall, I was surprised at the size of the crowd.

(3)When I was only a small boy, my father took me to Beijing and we had a lot of

fun together.

(4)To write well, a person must read good books.

(IV)Cloze

(1) doubt (2) efficient (3) where (4) advantage (5) afford (6) claim (7) fluently (8) qualified (9) extent (10) ridiculous (11) perfect (12) as (13) because (14) individual

(V)Translation

1. Translate the sentences

(1) The baby can’t even crawl yet, let alone walk.

(2) Will claimed he was dining with a group of friends at the time of the murder, but in my opinion he told a lie.

(3) To a certain extent the speed of reading is closely related to reading skills; and with reading skills you can cope with outside class reading better.

(4) According to the regulation/rule, they both can play the game/participate in the game.

(5) Some people assume that there is a Chinese equivalent for every Japanese word.

(6) We have passed all the relevant information on to the police.

(7) There/ It is no use asking me any more questions about that matter because I won’t answer.

(8) It was a mistake on Jim’s part to sign the contract without reading it carefully.

(9) They refused to provide us with all the information we need.

(10) This accident is very similar to the one that happened three years ago.

(11) The film is based on a play by/ of Shakespeare.

(12) If you have a good command/ mastery of English and computer skills, you will surely have an advantage over others in finding a job/ in job-hunting.

2. Translate the paragraph

近年来英语教学法有了很大的改变,但是还是有大量的教学活动建立在行为主义心理学

Enhance Your Language Awareness

(VI)Working with Words and Expressions

2. (1) create (2) conflict (3) involved (4) overcame

(5) have survived (6) attend (7) frowned (8) wander

(9) guilty (10) sustained (11) survey (12) awkward

(13) recall (14) terrified (15) insurance (16) Adapting

3. (1) was sick of (2) choking back (3) Compared with

(4) settled into (5) would give anything (6) in the midst of

(7) in his own right (8) on my own (9) fit in with

(10) grew apart from (11) No wonder (12) staying up

(13) was annoyed with (14) was scared of (15) in trouble (16) For instance (VII)Increasing Your Word Power

1. (1) possessive (2) overprotective (3) frustrated (4) possessive

(5) lenient strict (6) rebellious (7) frustrated (8) restless

(9) stubborn

2. (1) survey (2) sustain (3) attend (4) terrify (5) wrap (6) recall

4. (1) dangerous (2) ironic (3) fury (4) heroic (5) adventure fame (VIII)Grammar

Task 2:

1.×(argue with each other)

2. ×(The accident happened….)

3. ×(enjoy it)

4.√

5. √

6. ×(shouted at)

(IX)Cloze

(1) beamed (2) honorable (3) awkward (4) protested (5) complaints

(6) compliments (7) stubborn (8) frowned (9) recall (10)panicked

(11) insurance (12) surveyed (13) groaning (14) recognition

(X)Translation

1. Translate the sentences

1)Many teachers frowned on this practice.

2)An old man glared at me when I was trying to cut across the lawn.

3)When I mentioned my father, she showed a smile of recognition on her face.

4)My firstborn was quite obedient, whereas my younger child was very stubborn. I

can still recall now how the younger child insisted on going abroad to study after he finished his secondary school.

5)Countries in South East Asia sustained great losses when the tsunami struck the

area.

6)Every time the mother tries to compare the younger brother with his elder brother,

the younger one will protest.

7)He found himself unable to fit in with his classmates when he first came to this

school.

8)The fury on her face terrified me. I dared not say no to her again.

9)No wonder you ended up in trouble. You never followed your parents’ advice.

10)It took him two years to adapt to the new environment.

2. Translate the paragraph

我还是个婴儿的时候,我的父母就搬到了佛蒙特州。我那温文尔雅的父亲在那儿的一个小镇上毫不张扬地开业行医了。很快,他就赢得了当地人对他的尊敬。我每到一处,也被人尊称为埃普利医生的儿子。一开始我很高兴同学和老师们因为我有一个受人尊敬的父亲而善待我,但随着我的长大,事情起了变化。我开始

Enhance Your Language Awareness

(XI)Working with Words and Expressions

1. (1) reveals (2) behaving (3) handle (4) influenced

(5) satisfied (6) entertain (7) inherit (8) affect

(9) confronted (10) sought (11) isolated (12) restrict

(13) optimistic (14) selfish (15) sensitive

2. (1) summed up (2) have an impact on (3) respond to (4) In general (5) falls into (6) at work (7) shut off from (8) in control of (9) free from (10) in good shape

3. (2) combination (3) seek (4) specific (5) restrict (6) vary

(7) expand (8) growth (9) company (10) dominate (11) opportunity (XII)Increasing Your Word Power

1. (1) aggressive, sarcastic, harsh, negative

(2) magical, mystical

(3) negative, critical

(4) magical, outgoing, optimistic

(5) intellectual

2. (1) Evidently (2) individually (3) absolutely

(4) consistently/evidently/absolutely (5) Consequently

(6) mentally, physically (7) probably/absolutely (8) eagerly enthusiastically (9) easily (10) Normally

(1) submissive (2) aggressive (3) possession (4) created

(5) negative (6) defense (7) sensitive

(XIII)Grammar

Task 1: (1) all (2) many (3) a (4) much (5) some (6) every (7) an (8) any

(XIV)Cloze

(1) indicate (2) responds (3) reflect (4) absolutely (5) preference

(6) harsh (7) specific (8) traits (9) individual (10) immature

(11) effort (12) persistent (13) achieve (14) inherits

(XV)Translation

1. Translate the sentences

11)William likes the girl a lot so he tries very hard to impress her and is optimistic

that he will win her heart.

12)He is very creative and has a good vision of the future, but he likes to keep things

to himself.

13)They came from a poor village where people were shut off from modern

civilization.

14)We must work hard and make an effort to achieve the goals that we have set.

15)We should learn to be content with all that we have and should not be too critical

about things around us.

16)They often represent our school in debating competitions; tonight we will throw a

party to celebrate their success.

17)Through reading, not only has he expanded his horizon, he has also learned to

keep improving his character.

18)Two policemen sacrificed their lives in order to save that girl from the fire.

19)A stable relationship without conflicts between husband and wife benefits the

children in the family.

2. Translate the paragraph

虽然有许多关于性格的理论,但是任何一个都没有绝对地对错之分,因为每个心理学家对性格的观点都有所不同。所以,除非某个人已有明显的症状,否则很难断定这个人患有精神疾病。心里学家普遍认可绝大多数人是因为过度的压力才引起情感和精神上的疾病。所以重要的是人们要去寻找可以让自己放松、开心的方法。

(XVI)Enjoy English

Across: 1. optimistic 2. opportunity 3. expand 4. represent 5. mature Down: 6.outgoing 7.consistently 8.intellectual 9.primary 10.inherit 11.affect

(XVII)Working with Words and Expressions

2. (1) exclaimed (2) arrange (3) aroused (4) resembles

(5) volunteered (6) appreciate (7) requires (8) cracked

(9) miracle (10) victims (11) precious (12) delicate

(13) expected (14) interviewed

3. (1) take over (2) get through (3) no way (4) Leave off (5) put…together (6) in touch with (7) No sooner…than (8) in advance (9) looking forward to (10) arrange for (11) in contrast (12) took on (13) made sure (14) move in (15) in the hands of (16) go with (17) in poverty

(XVIII)Increasing Your Word Power

1. (1) commission (2) smashed (3) smash (4) volunteered

(5) spill (6) crash (7) contrast (8) commission

(9) spilt (10) volunteer (11) contrasts (12) crashed

2. (1) e (2) e (3) a (4) a (5) c (6) d

3. (1) happy (2) impulsive (3) carelessness (4) calmness (5) firm

(6) illness (7) awareness (8) weakness (9) submissive

(XIX)Grammar

Task 2:

No Mistake

has lived → has been living

enjoyed → enjoys

No Mistake

have tried → tried

No Mistake

No Mistake

No Mistake

visit → have been visiting

has been liking → likes

got → had I got

broke → had broken

No Mistake

No Mistake

had suffered → was suffering

No Mistake

received → have been receiving

No Mistake

has insisted on → insisted

No Mistake

No Mistake

(6) delicate (7) joints (8) that (9) miracle (10) sacrificed

(11) precious (12) loving

(XXI)Translation

1. Translate the sentences

20)Let’s get in touch as soon as we know the results of the test / exam.

21)The music aroused an intense feeling of homesickness in him.

22)You’ve been working all morning— you deserve a rest now.

23)I had no sooner lain down than the telephone rang. / No sooner had I lain down

than the telephone rang.

24)My doctor says I’m too tired and has advised me not to take on any more work.

25)Jenny volunteered to clear up after the gathering.

26)The subject of the talk is announced a week in advance, but the name of the

speaker is not.

27)Your performance in the exam did not reach the required standard —in other

words, you failed.

28)She was so ill that she had to leave off work.

29)There is no way to tell what is going to happen. The case is in the hands of the

judge, and all we could do is to wait.

2. Translate the paragraph

当人们变得很老时,像祖父母或曾父母那样,他们有时不再能够照顾自己。他们会生病,或者摔倒而折断股骨,或者他们根本都不记得该如何穿睡衣。有时候虽然有些老人看起来还健康,但是因为他们自己独居,所以觉得很孤单。这时候全家人要碰个头,商讨一下让他们日渐衰老的家人去养老院居住是否是一个较好的办法,因为在那里他们可以得到更好的照顾。

Enhance Your Language Awareness

(XXII)Working with Words and Expressions

2. (1) senior (2) defined (3) occur (4) options

(5) disturbed (6) soak (7) tossed (8) navigate

(9) matters (10) depressed

3. (1) became well acquainted with (2) took us by surprise (3) gather our thoughts (4) turned out (5) hang up (6) in reality

(7) In spite of

(8) lit up (9) hemmed and hawed (10) turned into

(XXIII)Increasing Your Word Power

1. (1) a (2) e (3) c (4) e

(5) b (6) d (7) d (8) b

(11)match

(12) chats (13) match

3. (1) astonishment (2) accomplishments (3) have improved (4) appointment

(5) excitement (6) advertisements (7) developments (8) argue

(9) enjoyed (10) encouragement

(XXIV)Grammar

Task 2:

1) I saw the door open 2) the office had been broken into

3) quite a few things had been stolen 4) had already come back to the office 5) the 200 dollars he had locked in his drawer was gone 6) had just bought

7) A few computers in the office had been stolen

(XXV)Cloze

(1) recent (2) surprise (3) sad (4) keeping (5) disturbing (6) inquiries (7) admitted (8) occurred (9) surgery (10) options (11) tightly (12) soaking (13) scent (14) gatherings

(XXVI)Translation

1. Translate the sentences

30)We are good friends; however, he kept such an important matter from me, which

took me by surprise.

31)It doesn’t matter if you can not get full marks for the exam; what matters is not to

lose confidence in yourself.

32)He chatted with me last night and assured me that the disease was not hard to cure

and that nobody had ever died of it.

33)She was determined to overcome all the obstacles in her life with a will of iron.

34)It turned out that he had already received my money, but did not acknowledge the

receipt of it on purpose. This really drove me crazy.

35)He is a shy and silent boy. Before he went onto the stage to share his experiences,

he sat quietly in a corner of the auditorium, gathering his thoughts.

36)He admitted on the spot that he would go overseas for further study as he believed

overseas education would open the door to his future research.

37)Mary’s uncle’s face lit up when he saw his neice had turned into a pretty young

lady in just a few years.

2. Translate the paragraph

我回去看我外婆的时候,她非常高兴地看到我已长成一个健壮的小伙子。我们一起聊天,回忆我小时候的一些事情。谈到一半的时候,外婆突然叹了一口气说,“大概以后再也见不到你了。”她的话使我震惊得拱起了眉头,不明白她为什么说出这么令人不安的话来。我们静静地坐了一会,外婆的眼里噙满泪水,她终于告诉我说,医生诊断出她得了严重的心脏病,已经发作了好几次,也一直在治疗,但情况一点也没有进展。我怪外婆一直把这坏消息瞒着我,并告诉她一定会有办法医治的,她却摇头否认。我伸出双臂抱着外婆,多么希望我们能在一

Enhance Your Language Awareness

(XXVII)W orking with Words and Expressions

2. (1) delivered (2) released (3) permission (4) rented (5) miserable

(6) exploded (7) pressed (8) motion (9) barely (10) enthusiasm

(11) knelt (12) request (13) policy (14) necessities

3. (1) go wrong (2) broke down

(3) on my way to (4) by himself

(5) in time (6) set the stage for

(7) set out for (8) make fun of

(9) pleaded for (10) in disbelief

(XXVIII)Increasing Your Word Power

1. (1) specialized (2) large (3) eat (4) go (5) sociable (6) wide

2. merril y→miserably

boring→interesting

carelessly→carefully

monotonously→cheerfully

unpleasantly→pleasantly

lively→dull

satisfactory→unsatisfactory

sternly→kindly

tiny→huge

traditional→modern

regular→irregular

empty→occupied

(1) sternly (2) miserably (3) cheerfully (4) carelessly (5) tiny (6) irregular (7) unsatisfactory (8) occupied (9) boring/dull (10) traditional

3. (1) slapped (2) present (3) lit (4) whispered (5) slap (6) presented (7) ordered (8) light (9) listed (10) motioned (11) supply (12) order (13) list (14) supply (15) motion (16) wonder (17) whispers (18) wondering

4. (1) personality; sensitivity; loyalty

(2) frailty

(3) complexity

(4) Mutuality

(5) stupidity

(6) regularity

(XXIX)Cloze

(1) supplies (2) fun (3) permission (4) necessities (5) rundown (6) decorated (7) straight (8) item (9) overwhelmed (10) embraced

(XXX)Translation

1. Translate the sentences

38)Straighten up! Your feet should keep time to the rhythm of the music.

39)She slipped a note into his hand. He was very unhappy after reading it, as he

thought that she was making fun of him.

40)The thief pleaded for our mercy when he was caught. He said he had stolen the

food because his mother was starving to death and there was barely any food left in the house.

41)They have made a request for more electricity supplies, which we should satisfy in

order to release them from the pressure they are under.

42)They made the rounds with the wine bottle; each took a gulp and then they set out

for the forest.

43)My TV set broke down; I have ordered a new one online and the shop is going to

have it delivered to the door.

44)His words made everyone unhappy and stop eating. After a while, they resumed

eating, but they all looked as if something was weighing on their minds.

45)We stared at him in disbelief, astonished that someone as gentle as he is could

interrupt us so rudely.

2. Translate the paragraph

去年圣诞节前夜,我们的旅途诸多不顺。当我们住进尼斯一家肮脏而昏暗的旅馆时,我们的心中已无任何圣诞节的感觉而言。我们进入一家看上去很乏味的饭馆吃饭时,情况一点也没有好转。但是,在这沉闷饭馆中度过的不愉快的夜晚最后却变成我们所度过的最好的圣诞前夜,这一切都是因为那个充满了圣诞精神的美国水手。他将我们心中被愤怒和失望压抑的爱和欢乐释放出来,他带给了我们圣诞节。

Enhance Your Language Awareness

(XXXI)Working with Words and Expressions

2. (1) facilitate (2) tends (3) hurt (4) ensure (5) blessed

(6) trembled (7) curiously (8) failure (9) invention

3. (1) by no means (2) take it for granted

(3) contribute to (4) at his disposal

(5) resort to (6) take into account

(7) arise from (8) has given rise to

(9) switched off (10) deal with

(11) breezed through (12) had gone by

(13) To my surprise (14) carried away

1. skip→jump

affect→influence

uncommon→rare

physiological→physical

deserted→alone

reply→respond

blame→scold

conscientious→serious

significant→meaningful

career→profession

arise→rise

need→require

assist→help

(1) jumps/ jumped (2) respond (3) career (4) required (5) arise (6) assisted (7) affected (8) deserted (9) serious (10) rare (11) scolded (12) significant (13) physiological

(1) technological, technology

(2) essence, essential

(3) personal, person

(4) hysterical, hysteria

(5) traditional, tradition

(XXXIII)Grammar Review

Task 3:

(1) the →d

(2) a →f

(3) the →e

(4) the →b

(5) the →c

(6) a → a

(7) a →j

(8) the →g

(9) the →h

(10) an →i

(XXXIV)Cloze

(1) vital (2) blessed (3) technological (4) facilitate (5) factors (6) tend (7) rate (8) uncommon (9) unconsciously (10) ensure (11) burden (12) Concentration (13) range (14) switch

(XXXV)Translation

1. Translate the sentences

46)Whenever we start a new job, there are bound to be a lot of things we may not be

familiar with.

47)This new medicine/ drug has successfully been used on animals, but this doesn’t

mean that it can be applied to humans.

48)His failure to win the first prize in the speech competition is largely due to his lack

of confidence.

49)To the general public, depression can be easily confused with stress, as it may be a

response to some types of stress.

50)It is becoming increasingly difficult for world food production to keep pace with

the continuing growth of the world’s population.

51)To successfully get a job, a lot of factors need to come into play, including your

skills, diploma and work experience.

话人的对面,身体放松,注意力集中。让说话人开始讲述他正经历或想要分享的情感或具体的想法。对言语或非言语的信息都要注意。当说话人说完四五句话的时候,打断说话人,说,“让我看看我有没有听明白你的话。”然后,用你自己的话重复你刚才所听到的信息或感受的情感:“你刚才说…”, “你的感觉是…”, “我说得对吗?”如果说话人说不对,则要求说话人澄清一下你没听明白或听错的部分。当你们两个都明白后,说话人就可以继续说下面的几句话,回应的过程又重新开始。记住:说话人和听话人的目的都是为了理解,而不是达成一致。

Enhance Your Language Awareness

(XXXVI)Working with Words and Expressions

2. (1) compromise (2) scheduled (3) steered (4) frame (5) demonstrated (6) employ (7) promote (8) impressed (9) confirmed (10) deliberately (11) financial (12) economic

3. (1) makes a point of (2) make the most of

(3) lead to (4) at hand

(5) to begin with (6) Last but not least

(7) took…. down (8) In addition to

(9) takes pains to (10) came to

(11) pointed out (12) paid off

4. Across:

(1) scored (2) scheduled (3) debate (4) motivate

(5) crucial (6) promote (7) performed (8) assigned

Down:

(9) scanned (10) devised (11) advocated (12) clarify

(13) priorities (14) comprised (15) context (16) undertook

(XXXVII)Increasing Your Word Power

1. (1) principal / major (2) top (3) major (4) top (5) principal (6) major (7) schedule (8) advocate / have advocated (9) top

(10) approach (11) blame (12) major / principal (13) advocate

(14) schedule (15) blame (16) approaching

2.

3. set priorities / timetables / standards / an exam / an alarm / an example / a price / a record / limits

4. (1) edition (2) revisions (3) addition (4) anticipation

(5) frustration (6) recreations (7) association (8) expectations (XXXVIII)Grammar Review

Task 1:

(1) the

(2) the

(3) the, the

(4) the, the

(5)/

(6) /

(7) /

(8) the

(9) /

(10) The

(11) /

(12) /

(13) /

Task 2:

(1)The, the, /

(2)The, /, the, /, the, the

(3)/, the, the, the, /

(4)/, the, the, /

(5)The, the, /, the, /, /

(6)The, /, /, /

(XXXIX)Cloze

(1) academic (2) priorities (3) conducted (4) principles (5) begin (6) priority (7) compromised (8) addition (9) filing (10) Speaking (11) formula (12) Participation/ Participating (13) based (14) least (15) way (16) pressures

(XL)Translation

1. Translate the sentences

52)The judge asked the reporters not to disclose the name of the victim.

53)The teacher took pains to make sure that we all understood what he said.

54)Recently the school conducted a survey among those students who have attained

academic excellence.

55)He said he would accept the job, so we have asked him to confirm his acceptance

58)It’s about time that someone spoke up for these basic truths / facts.

59)Don’t say it is profitless to do this. The effort will pay off in the long run.

2. Translate the paragraph

据一位教育学方面的专家所言,高智商的学生有时并没有智商较低的学生学习成绩好。因为学习对这些学生而言是一件较轻松的事情,所以他们从来不会去探究如何认真学习。

当然努力学习也不能保证成绩优异。“这不是由你手捧书本,端坐桌前多久而决定的。你要坐在那里认真读书才行。”一位全优生如是说。事实是有些优等生学习时间不多但是成绩却比其他同学高。

管理学是系统研究管理活动的基本规律和一般方法的科学。管理学是适应现代社会化大生产的需要产生的,它的目的是:研究在现有的条件下,如何通过合理的组织和配置人、财、物等因素,提高生产力的水平。管理学是一门综合性的交叉学科。

不同定义

管理就是确切地知道要别人去做什么,并使他用最好的方法去干。(泰勒)

管理是由计划、组织、指挥协调及控制等职能为要素组成的活动过程。(法约尔)

管理是一种以绩效责任为基础的专业职能。(德鲁克)

管理就是决策。(西蒙)

管理是组织进行制度落地、体系落地、沟通落地及文化落地,以实现组织级执行力落地,从而增强并提升组织生命力的所有策略及全部过程。(源自《执行力落地》)管理是指根据一个系统所固有的客观规律,施加影响于这个系统,从而使这个系统呈现一种新状态的过程。(系统论学者)

管理是社会组织中,为了实现既定目标,以人为中心进行的协调活动。(周三多)

管理职能

职能是指“活动”、“行为”,也就是各种基本活动及其功能。最早是法国的亨利·法约尔提出的“五职能”说,后有“三功能派”、“四功能派”、“七功能派”等。总的来看,关于管理职能划分有:计划、组织、指挥、协调、控制、激励、人事、调集资源、沟通、决策、创新。

我国从宏观上分为计划、组织、领导、控制四个方面。

(一)计划职能指对未来的活动进行规定和安排。是管理的首要职能。在工作实施之前,预先拟定出具体内容和步骤,它包括预测(分析环境)、决策(制定决策)和制定计划(编制行动方案)

(二)组织职能组织是指为了实现既定的目标,按一定规则和程序而设置的多层次岗位及其有相应人员隶属关系的权责角色结构。l 是指为达到组织目标,对所必需的各种业务活动进行组合分类,授予各类业务主管人员必要职权,规定上下左右的协调关系。l 包括设置必要的机构,确定各种职能机构的职责范围,合理地选择和配备人员,规定各级领导的权力和责任,制订各项规章制度等l 要处理好管理层次与管理宽度(直接管辖下属的人数)的关系。还应处理好正式组织与非正式组织的关系,对于后者应“避免对立,加以利用”

(三)领导职能领导职能主要指在组织目标、结构确定的情况下,管理者如何引导组织成员去达到组织目标。将自己的想法通过他人实现的人

(1)激励下属;(2)指导别人活动;(3)选择沟通的渠道;(4)解决成员的冲突。

(四)控制职能就是按既定的目标和标准,对组织的各种活动进行监督、检查,及时纠正执行偏差,使工作能按照计划进行,或适当调整计划以确保计划目标的实现。控制是重要的,因为它是管理职能环节中最后的一环。

物力:采购、保管、供应、分配。

时间:合理分配。空间:学科领域、技术服务项目。

信息:搜集、分析、利用和反馈。

管理方法

(一)行政管理方法

含义:是依靠行政组织的权威,运用指示、规定、条例和命令等行政手段,按行政系统由上级到下级逐层进行管理活动的方法。

特点:权威性、强制性、稳定性、具体性、阶级性

(二)法律管理方法

含义:是运用法律规范和类似法律规范的各种行为规则进行管理的方法。

特点:阶级性、概括性、规范性、强制性。

(三)经济管理方法

含义:指按照客观规律的要求,运用经济杠杆和经济手段来进行管理的方法。

特点:利益性、多样性、阶级性。

(四)咨询管理方法

含义:是为了解决某种社会问题、经济问题或某项科学技术问题(包括卫生和健康),运用专家们的知识、智力、经验、阅历,为决策部门提供有科学根据的计划、方案、意见的一种管理方法。

特点:针对性、综合性、时效性。

(五)思想工作方法

思想工作的主要方法:(1)思想教育、启发自觉。(2)树立榜样、典型示范。(3)运用社会舆论,形成健康的社会风气。(4)研究合理需要,把工作做在前头。

思想工作的主要方式:(1)演讲报告。(2)座谈讨论。(3)个别谈心。(4)各种文化活动。(5)参观访问。(6)评比竞赛。

管理人员

(一)管理人员与作业人员

作业人员:直接在某岗位或某任务中制造产品或提供服务,不负有监管他人工作的责任。管理人员:在一个组织中负责对人力、金融、物质和信息情报等资源进行计划、组织、领导和控制的人员。

管理人员是通过别人来完成工作,做决策、分配资源、指导别人的行为来达到工作的目标。

(二)管理人员的分类

1.不同层次的管理人员高层管理人员中层管理人员基层管理人员

2.不同领域的管理人员市场营销管理人员财务管理人员生产与经营管理人员人事管理人员行政管理人员其他类型管理人员

管理技能(T.H.C技能)

技术技能(Technical Skills):应用专门知识和技能的能力。

人际技能(Human Skills ):与人共事、理解别人、激励别人的能力。

概念技能(Conceptual Skills):分析和诊断复杂情况的心智能力。

管理者的角色

(一)人际的角色:(1)头面人物角色。(2)领导角色;(3)联络人角色。

(二)信息角色:(1)监听者(2)传播者(3)发言人

(三)决策者角色:(1)企业家(2)纠纷调解人(3)资源分配者(4)谈判者

综合教程2

P20 1、 1) tackle 2) alternative 3) initial 4) universal 5) crippled 6) genuine 7) construct 8) impressive 9) shallow P21 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15)

16) react generate entitled contact constant rough captured

17) 18) 2、

move put

1) In any case 2) took hold 3) root out 4) count…against 5) find it in myself to 6) aware of 7) do her wrong P22 8) like it or not 1、 1) cured 2) heal 3) treated 4) cure 5) treated 6) heal 7) treat P23 2、

1) Action speaks louder than words 2) The production here needs temperatures lower than 25 degrees Celsius 3) I like to keep things rather than throw them away 4) There is nobody here other than me 5) She’d rather leave her job than (be forced to) work for that boss P24 1、 1) preparing 2) to thank 3) repairing/to be repaired 4) to get 5) studying 6) being treated 7) missing 8) to reduce 9) to leave 10) P25 2、 1) kept nodding, rather confused worrying

2) Fallen leaves 3) surprised, hiding 4) Deeply moved 5) following 6) Being, interested CLOZE 1) harmonious 2) that 3) ironically 4) For 5) recover 6) go about 7) realize/remember 8) hardest 9) unfair 10) 11) 12) 13) who forgiveness dealing with emotional

p26 翻译 2009-05-31 20:34 1. In life our stupidiest course of action is to cling too much to what we have and refuse to let go. 2. I'm willing to work in the IT industry, but have no idea how to go about it.

3. Many people are aware of the importance of living in harmony with nature.

4. Problems like the generation gap cannot be swept under the carpet.

5.

I never did understand what was eating away at her. 6. He has been at peace with the world all his life. 7. He did not speak out/say what he thought. For one thing, she might not understand. For another, he was afraid that she might not forgive him. 8. As the years rooled by, he became increasingly interested in /fascinated

Unit 2 P48 1、 1) b 2) f 3) d 4) h 5) j 6) a 7) i 8) c P49 3、 1) bound for 2) without so much as 3) may well 4) fall/get into debt

5) played the fool 6) on earth 7) put my name up for 8) was bestowed on P50 P52 1) emphasize 2) stretched 3) remedy 4) confine 5) remarkable 6) owe 7) lower 8) response 9) reveal 10) 11) 12) 13) P53 14) 2、 trembling characterized picture adopt proposed

1) singled out for 2) kept back 3) all but 4) in search of 5) on earth 6) in particular 7) first and foremost 8) took in P54 1、 1) responsible for 2) bound for 3) aware of 4) appreciative of 5) thirsty of 6) worthy of 7) capable of 8) noted for 9) independent of 10) P55 2、 suitable for 1) similar 2) alike/similar 3) sleeping 4) asleep 5) cheerful 6) glad 7) afraid/frightened 8) frightened 9) living 10) 3、 1) a delightful holiday 2) a hopeful man / person in politics 3) a forgetful person 4) a masterful manager 5) a handful of rice 6) a spoonful of water P56 7) an armful of newspapers 8) a roomful of students 9) a mouthful of wine P57 alive 2. 英译汉 1)杰克,有你的电话

。 2)贺卡上印有“新年快乐”的字样,下面还有一条附言。 3)给了他们两天

of China’s territory. 2) When you plan a project, all these factors ought to be taken into consideration. 3) The/These children are well taken care of / are taken good care of in the nursery. 4) The car is too old; it needs repairing/to be repaired. 5) The question has been much talked about on TV recently. Cloze 1) set 2) circumstances 3) as if 4) value 5) which 6) constant

7) granted 8) aware 9) characterizes 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) appreciate who damage stricken during

P58 汉译英 1) Such a sight always moves me and sets me thinking. 2) Stop scolding/blaming her—you’d have done the same thing under/in similar circumstances. 3) We should be appreciative of/grateful for what we have instead of taking everything for granted. 4) He may promise to change, but it’s the same old story of saying one thing and doing another. 5) I racked my brains about how to break the terrible news to him. 6) It will be impossible for me to repay my parents for everything they have done for me. 7) For now, it reminds to me to thank you once more for joining us and wish you good luck in your work.

8) I said right from the beginning that he would cause us trouble. P 83 1. 1) d 2) g 3) f 4) e 5) b 6) h 7) a 8) c P84 2. 1) establish 2) creep 3) resolve 4) refresh 5) occurrence 6) surplus 7) favourable 8) remark 3. 1) work out 2) unused to 3) out of 4) added to 5) walk the streets 6) came on/upon 7) in the mean time P85 2. 1) F 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) F 6) F 7) T 8) F P87 1. 1) favourable 2) discouraged

3) consented 4) neglect 5) crept 6) sufficient 7) traced 8) somewhat 9) refresh 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 2. 1) pack up 2) many a 3) stay the course 4) put to the test 5) flooding in 6) came across 7) come up with 8) plunged …into worthy prospects resolved remarked undergo rewarded 9) occurred to P89 1. 1) neglected 2) neglectful 3) colourful 4) coloured 5) rough 6) tough 7) worth 8) worthy 9) favourable 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) P90 2. 1) slice 2) bunch favourite respectful respectable respective considerate considerable

3) can 4) item 5) slice 6) can 7) article 8) sheet 9) particle 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) P91 1. 1) was encouraged/encouraging 2) has lived 3) had worked 4) would spend 5) should go/go 6) would be bar sheet article particle bar bunch item

7) was waiting 8) was smiling 9) was going 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) P92 2. 1) will have stayed 2) had been lying 3) have been enjoying 4) has been 5) were climbing 6) will object 7) does 8) keep Cloze 1) for 2) aware 3) affair got missed go has helped has discovered

4) prospects 5) storage 6) matter 7) plunged 8) break 9) offered 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) dancing cleared welled up stick sacrifices published P93 translation 1) Rumor h

as it that his new book is based on a true story about a family in a small Tennessee town. 2) He teaches in a middle school, but he does some translation work on the side to bring extra cash/money. 3) It’s good to be confident (about yourself), but there is a difference between

to make sacrifices. 6) Anyone who picked up this novel and reads the first paragraph will be hard pressed to put it down. 7) In a sense, life is like swimming; if you keep holding on to the sides of the pool, you (will) never learn. 8) The future of a nation depends in a large measure upon the quality of education and training.

P168

1. 1) visible 2) variety 3) function 4) casual 5) conventions 6) guarantee 7) infinite 8) emerged 9) dilemma 10) charm 11) internal 12) ounce 13) staff 14) consult 15) challenging

2. 1) become of 2) run the (red) light 3) shake off 4) disapprove of 5) show up 6) inasmuch as 7) make out 8) inside out

P170

1. 1) faked my signature 2) would be / was addressing a meeting Would address a meeting 3) their right to free speech had been violated 4) enforce them 5) constitutes a major threat 6) be restrained / restrain himself From doing too much heavy work 7) Here are some examples that can demonstrate 8) generate a feeling / sense of accomplishment

2. 1) regardless of 2) While / Though / Although 3) as 4) In spite of / Despite 5) Though / Although / While 6) as 7) regardless of 8) in spite of / despite 9) disregard

3. 1) empower 2) enable 3) encamped 4) ensure 5) entitled 6) hardened 7) has softened 8) threateded 9) frightened 10) hastened P172

1. 1) where 2) why 3) who 4) which 5) when 6) whose 7) whom

2. 1) The girls whom he employs are always complaining about their poor-paying jobs.

2) He was educated at the local grammar school, after which he went on to Cambridge. 3) This is John, with whose help I have finally come out of my financial trouble. 4) We were shown pictures of an African village, which was threatened by growing poverty. 5) She was dancing with a man who had a strange hairstyle. / The man with whom she was dancing had a strange hairstyle. 6) He paid me 10 dollars for washing 10 windows, most of which hadn’t been washed for at least a year.

Cloze

1) constitute 2) based 3) traits 4) which 5) simply 6) wonder 7) despite 8) dilemma 9) talent 10) function 11) interaction 12) issues 13) figures 14) who 15) character

translation

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) He consults for out company and we often consult him when we encounter problems in our work. Don’t try to cheat you’ll never get away with it. My father is always optimistic, regardless of the difficulties that he may face. He is a positive role model for us. This novel describes the ups and downs of a big family during China’s 1920’s and 1930’s. It is not enoug

h to act in good faith. We also need to act reasonably. You may score good marks by burning the midnight oil before the exams, but in the long run you have to study hard every day to achieve academic excellence. Don’t stare at the computer screen for too long. Raise your eyes once in a

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U5 1.培养正确的感情是极其必要的,因为它可以为一个人将来学习和工作的成功奠定基础。 Cultivating the right emotions is indispensable in that it lays the foundations for the success of one’s future work and studies. 2.中国西部发展急需人才,政府为此制定了优惠政策,号召更多大学毕业生去西部工作。West China is crying out for talented people for its development .To this end,the government has laid down favorable policies,calling for more college graduates to go and work there. 3.你怎么可以在我这样艰难的时候对我置之不理呢?我们患难与共差不多半个世纪了。How can you turn your back on me when I am in such difficulty? We have gone through trials and tribulations for practically half a century. 4.网虫们很多时间都泡在网上,以至于他们无法分辨虚拟世界与现实世界。 Web addicts spend so much time on the Internet that they are unable to draw a distinction between the virtual world and the real world. 5.生活在城市的人常常会有这样的幻想:乡村生活是闲适安逸的。其实不一定是这回事儿。Urban residents often have the illusion that rural life is always leisurely and comfortable. In fact, that may not be the case. 6.远程学习是个全球化的趋势。随着它的迅速发展,人们无论身处何地都能有同样方便的途径享受教育资源。 Distance learning is a global trend. With its quick growth,people are given an equally convenient access to educational resources,no matter where they are. U6 1.我们中国人会再三地请客人多吃饭桌上的菜,以表明我们好客。 As a proof of our hospitality,we Chinese will repeatedly ask our guests to help themselves to

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U1 1. disaster 2. compelled 3. historical 4. disciplined 5. destruction 6. output 7. retreat 8. abandoned 9. trace 10. eternal 11. investment 12. transfer 13. justify 14. nonetheless 15. contributions 16. accelerate 17. threaten 1. show signs of 2. called upon 3. off limits 4. in fear of 5. slow down 6. cut down 7. from head to foot 8. come by 9. lost out 10. As yet 11. reside in IN CREASING YOUR WORD POWER smoke + fog; web + log; breakfast + lunch ;medical + care ;motor + hotel; net + citizen ;science + fiction; work + alcoholic Anthropology: the scientific study of the human race, especially of its origins, development, customs and beliefs Archaeology: the study of the buried remains of the ancient times, such as houses, pots, tools, and weapons Ecology: the study of the relations of plants, animals, and people to each other and to their surroundings Geology: the study of rocks, soils, etc. which make up the Earth, and of their changes during the history of the world Ideology: a set of ideas that an economic or political system is based on Musicology: the study of the history and theory of music Psychology: the scientific study of the mind and how it influences behaviour Sociology: the scientific study of the nature and development of society and social behaviour Zoology: the scientific study of animals and their behaviour 1. collective individual 2. consistent contradictory 3. constructive destructive 4. irrational rational 5. modern primitive 6. natural synthetic 7. nearby distant 8. optimistic pessimistic 9. replaceable irreplaceable 10. small enormous GRAMMAR REVIEW 1. She wished us health and success in the new year. 2. He asked how we were getting along with our work. 3. Jack said to me that I would be happy to know that his condition had improved. 4. Rose asked Jack whether he was sure his mother would like the idea. 5. He asked John how long he had been waiting for them. 6. She said I needn't have done all

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15) issued 16) contracted 2. In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary. ▆Answers: 1) take advantage of 2) by contrast 3) make room for 4) bring …to an end

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