语法讲解_现在完成时的被动语态

现在完成时的被动语态

语法点拨

概念引入

Over time I have been changed quite a lot

Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me

I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations.

语法讲解

【高清课堂B2U2语法：被动语态】

Ⅰ被动语态的概念

1. 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

2. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者

例如：Many people speak Chinese.

3. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受着。

例如：上句可变为

_Chinese is spoken by many people.

为什么要用被动语态？

a)当关注的是事情本身而不是动作的执行者，或者根本不知道动作的执行者时。如:

The meeting was put off.

My car has been moved.

b)动作的执行者很明确时或强调承受者时。

The ceremony was reported in the news last night.

If you break the school rules, you will be punished.

c)当动作的执行者是“people”或“one” 时。

He is believed to have invented the computer.

Advertisements are seen everywhere.

d)修辞的需要，为了使句子更加简练、匀称

II. 被动语态的各种时态

1.一般现在时：

2. 一般过去时：

3. 一般将来时：

4. 现在进行时：

5. 过去进行时：

6. 现在完成时：

7. 过去完成时：

8. 过去将来时：

边讲边练：翻译句子

1. 全世界越来越多的人讲汉语。

Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.

2. 1949年中华人民共和国成立。

People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949.

3.明天将对这个问题进行讨论。

The problem will be discussed tomorrow.

4. 纸张一直被认为是中国最重要的发明之一。

Paper has been considered as one of the most important inventions in China.

5.我的自行车正在修理。

My bike is being repaired.

6.我到了图书馆时,那本书已经借出去了。

The book had been borrowed when I got to the library.

主动变被动一般规律

All the people laughed at him. 所有人都嘲笑他。

→He was laughed at by all the people. 他被所有人嘲笑

They make the bikes in the factory. 他们在工厂生产自行车。

→The bikes are made by them in the factory. 这些自行车被他们在工厂生产。

They sold out the tickets. 他们卖完了票。

→The tickets were sold out. 票被卖光了。

规则：

1. 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

2. 把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词）

3. 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后做宾语，将主格改为宾格。

现在完成时的被动语态

1.两种时态

1) 现在完成时(have/has + 过去分词)

现在完成时的动作或情况虽然发生在过去，但它强调的是与现在的关系，用来说明现在的情况。现在完成时不能与表示确定的过去时间的状语连用, 如: yesterday, two weeks ago, in 1978, when I got there 等, 现在完成时常与already, always, often, ever, never, yet, not...yet, just等不表示明确的时间副词连用, 还可以和表示时间一直延续到目前的带since, for 的状语及包括现在在内的词连用。如: now, today, this month, this year, recently, these few days 等。不能用在现在完成进行时态的动词，如：be, have, like, love, know, believe, hate等。

一般过去时则是表示过去某时发生的动作或情况, 与现在毫无关系。

2) 现在完成进行时(have/has + been + 现在分词）

现在完成进行时指动作发生在过去一直持续到现在还有可能继续进行下去。多数时候会有语境支撑动作的继续进行否则的话可以和现在完成时通用。

2. 七种被动语态形式

1) 一般现在时的被动语态(am/is/are+ 过去分词）

如: The work is done during two days.

2) 一般过去时的被动语态(was/were+ 过去分词）

如: He was sent to the hospital immediately after the accident.

3) 一般将来时的被动语态(will/shall + be + 过去分词或+ be going to + be + 过去分词）如: The work will be finished soon.

4) 现在进行时的被动语态(is/am/are + being+ 过去分词）

如: The bridge is now being constructed

5) 现在完成时的被动语态(have/has +been + 过去分词）

如: The radio has been repaired when we phoned the shop.

6) 带情态动词的被动语态(情态动词+ be + 过去分词)

如: This can be done in a few minutes.

7) 动词不定式的被动式(to be + 过去分词)

如: It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here.

现在完成时的被动语态

现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去, 到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响, 其构成是: have/has been + done。例如：

1. The dirty clothes have been washed.

脏衣服都已经洗了。

2. The plan has been studied by the experts for three times.

这项计划已经由专家研究过三次了。

3. The child has been taken care of by Grandma Wang all these years.

这些年来, 这个小孩一直由王奶奶照料。

现在完成时被动态：

have / has + been + 动词过去分词

现在完成进行时：

have / has + been + 动词现在分词

它们的构成的区别在最后的动词上, 被动态接的是过去分词形式, 现在完成进行时接的是现在分词形式。

1. 主语是行为动作的承受者。如：

The Temple of Zhang Fei has been rebuilt.

张飞庙已经过重建。

2. 说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。如:

The door has been locked.

门已经被锁上了。（我或别人现在进不去）

3. 动作或状态始于过去, 持续到现在, 并可能持续下去。如：

He has been told about it for many times.

有人告诉他这事很多次了。（可能还会有人告诉他）

4. 用在时间和条件状语从句中, 表示将来某时已完成的动作。如：

We’ll start as soon as the work has been finished.

工作一完成我们就立即动身。

注意:

1. 副词的位置

often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间。如:

[误] Such a man has been hardly believed.

[正] Such a man has hardly been believed.

2. 并不是所有动词都有被动语态

1) happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如：[误] Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978.

[正] Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.

2) open, break, drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。如：

[误] The door has been opened of itself.

[正] The door has opened of itself.

3. 短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词。如：

The SARS patients have been taken good care of.

4. 一些特殊动词, 如borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open, join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则需改换动词或时态。如：

My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.

How long has this book been bought?

How long ago was this book bought?

初中被动语态语法讲解知识讲解

初中被动语态语法讲 解

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英语语法-现在完成时用法及习题

目录 1现在完成时的构成 (2) 2现在完成时的用法 (5) 3 使用现在完成时需注意事项 (7) 4过去完成时与现在完成时的比较 (12) 练习题 (13) 答案 (16)

现在完成时对于我们来讲是所有时态中最难掌握的一种。因为它并不是表示发生于某一时间的事情，而是既涉及过去，又联系现在的一种时态。请参见下列三个例句： 例：1.I live in Beijing. 我住在北京。 2.I lived in Beijing. 我住过北京。（我在北京住过。） 3.I have lived in Beijing. 我一直住在北京。 例1.的live是一般现在式，表示“我现在住在北京”这一事实。 例2.的lived是过去式。这句只是表示在过去的某一时期我在北京住过，至于现在住不住在北京则不清楚。 例3.的have lived是现在完成时，表示我在过去的某一时间开始住在北京，现在也住在北京。表示从过去到现在的一种继续状态。 1现在完成时的构成 现在完成时的形式是“have （has）+过去分词”，表示继续、完了、结果和经验等四种意思。 现在完成时的否定句是在have（has）的后面加上not，疑问句是将have（has）置于主语之前。 1现在完成时的肯定句 句型：

We have lived in Beijing. 我们一直住在北京。 He has lived in Beijing. 他一直住在北京。 过去分词的三种用法 过去分词有下列三种用法（过去分词的构成详见第六章）：1.构成现在（过去）完成时 have（has）+过去分词～ I have written the letter. 我写完这封信了。 2.被动语态：参见第十三章 be + 过去分词～ He was looked after.他受到照顾。 3.用于形容词 This is a broken chair. 这是一张坏的椅子。 2现在完成时的否定句 句型：主语+have（has）+not +过去分词～. I have not seen the movie yet.

初中英语过去完成时语法精讲

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初中被动语态详细讲解上课讲义

初中被动语态详细讲 解

语法专练---被动语态 一、语态概述 我吃了一个苹果，那现在苹果怎样了？苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的“被 字句”我们称之为被动语态。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形 式的变化表现出来的。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。例如：Many people speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例 如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 例如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句) 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。 及物动词---本身意义不完整，后必须带宾语，有些还可以带双宾。 不及物动词---本身意义完整，不需要带宾语，如带宾语必须通过介词。 人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以eat为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的 构成。 一般现在时：am／is／are＋eaten 一般过去时：was／were＋eaten 一般将来时：will/shall/be going to be＋eaten 过去将来时：would/should/be going to be＋eaten 现在进行时：am／is／are being＋eaten 过去进行时：was／were being＋eaten 现在完成时：have／has been＋eaten 过去完成时：had been＋eaten 歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。 三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如：some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电 脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。（没有必要或说出出版者） (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：The window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by Lunxun.这本书是他写的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保 证。 歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。 (3) 为了更好地安排句子。 例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语 就够了） 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的 形式)。

现在完成时的构成英语语法大全

现在完成时的构成 一）肯定式 主语＋助动词have ／has ＋过去分词＋其它 说明：这里的have ／has是助动词，没有什么具体意义。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词 用has，其余人称一律用have。has，have的缩略式分别为's或've。规则动词过去分词的构 成与过去式的构成方式一样，不规则动词可参看不规则动词表。实例： 1）I've just copied all the new words ．我刚抄写了所有的生词。(表示不要再抄了) 2）She has lost her books ．她丢失了她的书。（表示到目前为止还没有找到） (如果用过去时：She lost her books . 则强调书是过去丢的这一动作，而不知现在有没有找到) 3）We've just cleaned the classroom ．我们刚好打扫了教室。（表明现在教室是干净的） 二）否定式 主语＋助动词have ／has＋not＋过去分词＋其它 说明：现在完成时构成否定句时，只需在助动词have ／has后面加not就行。have not，has not的缩略式分别为haven't ，hasn't。另外，肯定句中有some，already时，改为否定时要分 别改成any，yet。实例： 1）I haven't finished my homework yet．我还没有完成我的作业。 2）She hasn't travelled on a train ．她没有坐火车旅行过。 3）We have never spoken to a foreigner．我们从来没有和外国人说过话。 注：有时not可以用never代替，表示“从来没有”的意思。又如： 4）I have never seen him before．以前我从来没有见过他。 三）一般疑问式 助动词Have ／Has ＋主语＋过去分词＋其它？ 说明：把陈述句中的have或has放到句首，句末打问号，同时把句中的some ，already改为any ，ye t就构成了一般疑问句。肯定回答用“Yes ，主语＋have／has．否定回答用“No，主语＋haven't／hasn't．”有时也可以用“No，not yet．／No ，never．／No，not even once．”等。实例：

初中英语语法知识—被动语态的全集汇编附解析(1)

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英语语法现在完成时的 基本例句 SANY标准化小组 #QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8-HHMHGN#

现在完成时的基本例句： 1．I have worked here since 1970. 自1970 年以来我就在这儿工作。 2．He has been to the Great Wall twice. 他已经去过两次长城了。 3．Mike has just finished his homework. 迈克刚做完他的作业。 现在完成时是描述过去发生的而与现在情况有关的事或状态（例2， 例3），或是从过去某时到现在为止这一段时间中发生的情况（例1），换言之，现在完成时是表现从过去到现在的事情。2 现在完成时的用法现在完成时的形式皆以“ have(has)+过去分词”来表示，有“继续”、“完了”、“结果”、“经验”等用法。 继续 I have studied English for three years. 我已经学习英语三年了。 She has been sick since last month. 她从上个月就生病了。 经验 I have visited Beijing many times. 我访问过北京好多次了。 Have you ever been to Hawaii 你曾经去夏威夷吗 完成 I have just finished my homework. 我刚刚完成我的家庭作业。 Has he finished his work yet 他作好工作了吗 结果 My brother has become a teacher. 我哥哥已经成为一名教师了。 I have lost my watch. 我手表弄丢了。（我现在仍旧没有表）

高中语法过去完成时详解讲解学习

过去完成时 （1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句(在复合句中，由时间连接词引导的状语从句叫做时间状语从句)来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 例；By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨天晚上9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。 （2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since 构成的时间状语连用。 例；I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.我在车站已经等了20分钟,一辆公共汽车终于来了。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他说他自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 （3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补充以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 例；Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天就去世了。他以前是我的好朋友。 I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。 （4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 例；I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已归还了我借的书。 She found the key that she had lost.她发现她失去了的钥匙。 （5）过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 例；He said that he had known her well.他说他早就很了解她了。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before.我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。（6）状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，“发生在过去的过去”，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的 e.g：When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.我醒来时雨已停了。 She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her work.她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。 注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after 的复合句中，因为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 e.g：After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English. 马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。 （7）动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。 e.g：They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。 We had hoped to be able to come and see you . 我们本来希望能来看看你。 （8）过去完成时还可用在hardly when no sooner than It was the first

新概念第二册语法解析及练习：现在完成时

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初中被动语态语法讲解

初中被动语态语法讲解 (一)语态分类 英语动词有两种语态.，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用： 助动词be +及物动词的过去分词构成。 (二)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化 主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。以give为例，列表如下： 大凡现在时：am / is / are + done 大凡过去时：was / were + done 大凡将来时：shall / will + be done 大凡过去将来时：should / would + be done 现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done 过去进行时：was / were + being + done 现在完成时：have / has + been + done 过去完成时：had + been + done ［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。 (三)多见的八种时态中的被动语态

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