状语only doing sth 与 only to do sth的区别

状语only doing sth 与only to do sth的区别

比较“only+现在分词（短语）”和“only+不定式（短语）”：这两个结构在句中都可以用来表示结果。但有区别：后接现在分词往往表示一种自然的合乎逻辑的结果，而后接不定式往往表示一种出乎意料的或令人失望的结果。如：

He went out of the room with few clothes on, only feeling rather cold. 他出去时衣

穿得很少，渐渐地感到有些冷了。

I arrived at the shop only to find I’d left all my money at home. 我到商店却发现钱全放在家里。

He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet. 他搬起石头砸了自己的脚。

I arrived at the shop only to find I'd left all my money at home. 我到商店却发现钱全落在家了。

His opposition served only to strengthen our resolve. 他一反对反而增强了我们的决心。

She ran to the station only to find that the train had left. 她跑到火车站，但火车却开走了。

Yesterday I went to see him ,_____that he had gone abroad two days before.

A.only to learn B) only learning

答：

昨天我去看他，才知道他两天前已经出国了。

不定式作状语，表示结果。

“ only ＋不定式”结构常用来作句子的结果状语，表示随后发生的动作是一个未曾预料到的令人懊丧的结果，或表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。例如：

1. They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. 他们搬起石头却砸了自己的脚。

2. I hurried to the airport only to be told that the plan had taken off. 我匆匆忙忙赶到机场，却被告知飞机早已起飞了。

二 . 表示结果的“ only ＋不定式”结构，可以改为由 and 或 but 连接的并列句，但仍然表示结果之意。例如：

I ran to the school, only to be informed that I wasn”t admitted by Beijing University.

相当于： I ran to the school and was informed that I wasn”t admitted by Beijing University. 我是跑着去学校的，却被告知没有被北京大学录取。

三. “ only ＋不定式”结构也可以表示目的。例如：

She didn”t call you only not to trouble you. 她没给你打电话是不想给你添麻烦。

四. “ if only to do... ”表示语气上的转折，常译为：“即使只是为了……”。例如：

I would rather make a journey to Emei Mountain, if only to enjoy some fresh air. 我宁愿去峨眉山，就算只是为了呼吸一点新鲜空气也值。

五. “ have only to do sth. ”结构意为“只要……就行”。例如：

You have only to finish your own job. 你只要完成你的那份工作就行了。

六. “ have only to... to... ”结构表示“只要……就”。例如：

You have only to call us in 8 hours to get a set of software worth of 60 dollars. 只要在 8 小时之内给我们打电话，你就会获得一套价值 60 美元的软件。

only的几种特殊用法

only的几种特殊用法 在学习英语的过程中，我们常遇到only与其它词或结构搭配来表达不同的意思，现将这些用法示例如下： 一、only引导的词组或句子放在句首作状语时，通常要用倒装结构。如 Only in this way can you solve the problem. 只有通过这种方式你才能解决问题。 Only if you study hard can you pass the exam. 只有努力学习才能通过考试。 Only then did I realize my mistake. 只有那时我才意识到错了。 二、not only...(but also)出现在句首时，如果架连接的是两个句子，常用倒装。如 Not only did we lose all our money,but we also came close to losing our lives. 我们不仅丢了钱，还差点把命丢了。 Not only did he speak correctly,but he also spoke easily. 他不仅说得准确，而且说得很轻松。

三、only放在不定式前面，常表示不愉快或出乎人们的意料的结果。如 I went all the way to his home only to find hime out at a meeting. 我径直到他家里去，不料发现他出去开会了。 I hurried to the post office only to find it closed. 我匆忙赶到邮局，不料已经关门了。 She went home only to find her house burglarized. 她回到家里，发现房子被盗了。 四、“too...to...”结构中，表示否定意思，但在“only too...to...”结构中，only too = very，表示肯定意思。如 The patient is too weak to walk. 那个病人太虚弱了，走不动。 We are only too willing to do it for you. 我们非常愿意为你做那事。 I am only too delighted to accept your king invitation. 我非常高兴地接受你的邀请。 五、在“one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”的结构中，定语从句一般被看作修饰复数名词，谓语要用复数形式。但

only的状语倒装句强调句型

1.只有这样你才能学好英语。 Only in this way well. （learn） 2.只有当他病的很重的时候他才留在家里。 Only when he is seriously ill, at home .（stay）3.只有坐船我们才能到达那个小岛。 _____________________ can we reach the island. ( Only) 4.只有那时候他才明白生命的价值。 Only then the value of life. (realize) 5 ，只要你努力你就会取得成 Only if you work hard success。(achieve) 6，that I happened to meet Tom the day before yesterday. （is） 我前天是在街上碰巧遇见的汤姆。 7，It was last month the Palace ball. 是在上个月我参加的宫廷舞会，（take） 8, It was not until at that time what trouble he was in.。 直到那个时候我才意识到他有什么麻烦。（realize） 9, who said it like that?（it）是她那样说的吗？10．the big fire in the building?（cause）是什么原因引起那栋大楼的大火？ 11. the book to the library?（return） 她是什么时候把书还回图书馆的？

12. They sat together around the table, with______ __ (门关着)，（shut） 13I haven’t the slightest idea________ (他正在说什么). (talk) 14Last night, John was answering the letters that ________(寄给他的) during the past two weeks.(arrive) 15 He believes that children ______ __(应允许……学习) at their own pace.(allow) 16 he was disoppinted and wanted to leave here.（time） 曾经一度他很沮丧，想离开这里。 17 There was a time when children hated togo to school. (hate) 曾有一段时间孩子们讨厌上学. 18，The house ，（它的屋顶被损），has now been repaired. （damage） 19，We rent beach house with two small rooms,_____________(较小的一间可以当) a kitchen. (serve) 20，I will never forget the days____________________(我们一起度过的) in those hard years. (spend) 21，____________________（正如所看到的），great changes have taken place in china. (as） 22 This book is not such___________ （正如我所希望的）.(as)

If引导条件状语从句的详细用法解答

If引导条件状语从句的详细用法解答 引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if，常见的if条件状语从句表示在某条件下，某事很可能发生，条件是可能存在的，主句中某种情况发生的概率也是很高的。如： If you ask him，he will help you．如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。 If you fail in the exam，you will let him down．如果你考试不及格，你会让他失望的。 If you have finished the homework，you can go home．如果你作业做完了就可以回家了。 另外，if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件，也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设。从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时，表示对现在或过去的一种假设。如： If I were you，I would invite him to the party．如果我是你，我会邀请他参加聚会。 I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic．要不是交通堵塞，我本会来得早一些。 另外你还要注意if 条件句的时态搭配 1．if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时 If he runs he’ll get there in time. 如果他用跑的，他就会及时赶到那儿。 The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail. 如果你拉猫的尾巴，它就会抓你。2．if从句用一般现在时，主句用may/might/can If the fog gets thicker the plane may/might be diverted. 如果雾在大一些，飞机可能就会改在别的机场降落。 If it stops snowing we can go out. 如果雪停了，我们就可以出去。 3．if从句用一般现在时，主句用must/should If you want to lose weight you must/should eat less bread. 如果你想减肥，你必须少吃面包。 4．if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般现在时 If you heat ice it turns to water. (也可用will turn)如果把冰加热，它就会化成水。5．if从句用现在进行时，主句用一般将来时 If you are looking for Peter you’ll find him upstairs. 如果你是在找彼得，上楼就会找到他。 6．if从句用现在完成时，主句用一般将来时 If you have finished dinner I’ll ask the waiter for the bill. 如果你吃完了，我就叫服务生来算账 注意： 学习" if " 引导的条件状语从句的用法,现在总结一下: if 条件句不一般,几个要点记心间; 条件句,放在前,逗号要放句中间。 条件句表可能，主句多用将来时； 条件句表事实，主句常用现在时。

非谓语动词doing和done做状语的用法技巧

高中英语秋季班（教师版）

一、用动词的适当形式填空： 非谓语动词作状语大多相当于一个状语从句 A.作时间状语： eg.)①_______ (hear) the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. = _______________, they couldn’t help crying. ②When/ While( _____ _____ ) ____ (take) around the city, we were deeply impressed by the city’s new look. While/When (I was) _____ (wander) through the square, I caught sight of a snake-charmer. ③_______ (finish) his work, he went home. =_____________, he went home. B.作原因状语： Eg.) ①_____ (be poor), he could not afford to travel abroad. =____________, he could not afford to travel abroad. ________ (encourage) by his heroic deeds, they worked harder. _______ (lose) in thought, he almost ran into a post. ________ (frighten) by the big forest fire, the animals all ran away. _____ (not know) her address, we couldn't get in touch with her. ②______ (never be) to the city, he soon got lost. _________ (not receive) his letter, I decided to call him up. =_____________. C.方式/伴随状语; Eg.)①She watched the film, _____ (weep ) and ___ (sigh). ②The teacher stood there, ______ (surround) by a lot of students. D.作条件状语： Eg.)①______ (give) another chance, I would have done the job far better. =______________ , I would have done the job far better. ②(If) _____ (play) all day, you will waste your valuable time. E.作结果状语：(意料中的结果) Eg.)① The hunters fired, _____(shoot) one of the wolves. ②The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus _____ (cause) the delay. 区别: 不定式表示意外的结果 eg.) He hurried to the station, only ____ (find) the train had left. F.作让步状语： Eg.)①Though ____ (rain) heavily, it cleared up very soon. = _____________, it cleared up very soon. ②Though _____ (tell) of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy. 分词作状语时, 需注意事项: A.分词短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语通常应是________ : ____ (see) from the hill, the city is beautiful. 知识点讲解

不定式作结果状语的用法拾零

不定式作结果状语的用法拾零 在教学的过程当中，我们发现许多学生都反映说不定式作结果状语太难理解了。其实只要搞清楚不定式作结果状语是表示其动作发生在谓语动作之后，并且总是在句末，而不能置于句首，就不难理解了。如： He turned round to see that Mary was crying. My grandmother lived to be ninety. One is never too old to learn. 不定式作结果状语有时所表示的情况和结果往往是未曾预料到的，而且往往是令人不愉快的或愉快的，如： The old lion came to the cave to die. I woke up to find it was raining. The students went to the gate to see that his classmates were waiting for them. 不定式表结果常用下列固定句型： 1too +adj /adv+不定式 这种不定式所表示的是不能实现的结果，可以译成“太…而不能” They mean also all the things too far away to see. My little brother is too young to go to school. His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters. 有时，Too后为for加名词或代词，这时可把for短语看成是不定式的逻辑主语，句子含否定意义。如 The coat is too big for me to wear. This passage is too difficult for him to read. 2enough + 不定式 But nobody knew what to do, because there was nothing big enough to weigh it.

only的用法

only的用法 only是一个在英语中出现频率很高的词，它的意思繁多，用法复杂，不少学生常误用。 一、only用作形容词 1. 与the连用，意为“惟一的”，作定语。如： John is the only boy in his family. 约翰是家里惟一的男孩。 She is the only girl here who knows how to drive a car. 她是这儿惟一会开车的姑娘。 Jeremy is the only friend who lives near, all my other friends live far away. 杰里米是我惟一住得近的朋友，其余的朋友都住得很远。 2. only可修饰复数名词，意为“仅有的、惟一的一些”，作定语。如： They were the only people present. 出席的只有他们这些人。 3. 与an连用，意为“单独的”，作定语。如： Jim was an only son of his parents. 吉姆是他父母的独子。 4. 与the连用，意为“最好的、最适当的”，作定语。如： She is the only person for the job. 她是做这项工作的最佳人选。 He is the only man for me. 对于我来说，他是最合适的人。

The only thing to do on a hot day is to go swimming. 在热天最理想的事就是去游泳。 二、only用作副词 1. 常位于所修饰的动词、短语或从句前，意为“只是、仅仅”。如： At present we can only wait and see. 目前我们只好等一等看。 I only touched it. 我只不过摸了它一下。 I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country. 我惟一遗憾的是：我仅有一次生命可以贡献给我的祖国。 He only walks to save money��he doesn”t really like walking. 他只是为了省钱而步行，并不是真正喜欢步行。 Father gave me this computer only for my birthday. 只是因为我过生日，父亲才送给我这台电脑。 My sister is in bed only because she is ill. 我姐姐在床上躺着，仅仅是因为她病了。 2. 意为“反而”。如： Failure only strengthened our determination. 失败反而使我们的决心更坚定了。 3. only和不定式连用常构成结果状语，表示与预料相反的结果，意思是“竟然……、结果……”。如： He studied hard only to fail in the exam.

条件状语从句

初中英语――条件状语从句 一．if 引导的条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if，常见的if条件状语从句表示在某条件下，某事很可能发生，条件是可能存在的，主句中某种情况发生的概率也是很高的。如： If you ask him，he will help you．如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。 If you fail in the exam，you will let him down．如果你考试不及格，你会让他失望的。 If you have finished the homework，you can go home．如果你作业做完了就可以回家了。 另外，if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件，也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设。从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时，表示对现在或过去的一种假设。如： If I were you，I would invite him to the party．如果我是你，我会邀请他参加聚会。 I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic．要不是交通堵塞，我本会来得早一些。 另外你还要注意if 条件句的时态搭配 1．if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时 If he runs, he’ll get there in time. 如果他用跑的，他就会及时赶到那儿。 The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail. 如果你拉猫的尾巴，它就会抓你。 2．if从句用一般现在时，主句用may/might/can If the fog gets thicker, the plane may/might be diverted. 如果雾在大一些，飞机可能就会改在别的机场降落。 If it stops snowing, we can go out. 如果雪停了，我们就可以出去。 3．if从句用一般现在时，主句用must/should If you want to lose weight, you must/should eat less bread. 如果你想减肥，你必须少吃面包。4．if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般现在时 If you heat ice, it turns to water. (也可用will turn)如果把冰加热，它就会化成水。 5．if从句用现在进行时，主句用一般将来时 If you are looking for Peter, you’ll find him upstairs. 如果你是在找彼得，上楼就会找到他。6．if从句用现在完成时，主句用一般将来时 If you have finished dinner, I’ll ask the waiter for the bill. 如果你吃完了，我就叫服务生来算账注意： 学习" if " 引导的条件状语从句的用法,现在总结一下: if 条件句不一般,几个要点记心间; 条件句,放在前,逗号要放句中间。 条件句表可能，主句多用将来时； 条件句表事实，主句常用现在时。 在if 引导的条件状语从句中，如果从句谈论的是一个有可能发生的事实及其产生的相关的结果，主句用一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时态。如： We can walk there if we can't find a bus. If it rains tomorrow, we will not go to the zoo. What will you do if you find a panda in danger? 如果if 条件句谈论的是重复发生和预示要发生的情景和事件，则主从句大多用一般现在时态。如： If bears are in danger, they attack people. 在if 引导的条件状语从句中，if 和条件句位置灵活，可直接放在主句后面，若if 条件句放句首，从句后面要加逗号，和主句隔开。还要注意前后时态一致原则

动词不定式做目的状语时的用法

不定式作目的状语 英语中的动词不定式具有副词的功能，可以在句子中作状语，表示多种意义。 一、不定式和不定式短语作目的状语 不定式和不定式短语作目的状语，主要用来修饰动词，表示某一动作或状态的目的。为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时，还可以在前面加in order to 或so as to。例如： I've written it down in order not to forget. He shouted and waved so as to be noticed. 在句子中作谓语动词的状语的不定式或不定式短语，表示的是主语的目的，因此，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。比较： To draw maps properly, you need a special pen.(正) To draw maps properly, a special pen is needed.(误) 由in order to 引导的目的状语，既可以置于句尾，也可以置于句首，而由so as to 引导的目的状语，只能置于句尾，而不能置于句首。比较：They started early in order to get there in time.(正) In order to get there in time, they started early.(正) They started early so as to get there in time.(正) So as to get there in time, they started early.(误) 二、不定式的复合结构作目的状语 当不定式或不定式短语有自己的执行者时，要用不定式的复合结构(即在不定式或不定式短语之前加for + 名词或宾格代词)作状语。例如：He opened the door for the children to come in. She fetched several bottles which she placed on the counter for Harry to inspect. 三、目的状语从句与不定式的转换 英语中的目的状语从句，还可以变为不定式或不定式短语作状语，从而使句子在结构上得以简化。可分为两种情况： . 当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同时，可以直接简化为不定式或不定式短语作状语。例如： We'll start early in order that/so that we may arrive in time. We'll start early in order to/so as to arrive in time.

doing做状语

Unit 5 Grammar ：Revising the –ing form. ?学习目标： (1) 动词-ing形式作状语可表示：时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等。 (2) 动词-ing形式的完成式： 主动：Having + p.p. …, 主语+ 谓语 被动：(Having been) + p.p. …, 主语+ 谓语 【重点难点】灵活应用V-ing作状语 一.第一关：判断Ving 在句中的成分 1.The child ran out of the room, laughing and talking. 2.Seeing nobody at home, Linda decided to leave them a note. 3.If having more time, we can do it better. 4.Though living near her house,I seldom see her . 5.The child fell, striking his head. 分词作状语表示时间、_____\______\____\______\______，其逻辑主语通常与句子的主语______，Ving表示的动作与主语之间含有逻辑上的_____关系。 第二关：把V-ing改成状语从句做状语 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/221470900.html,ing out of my house, I saw the volcano erupting. 2.Waking up in the middle of the might, She saw her room was as bright as day. 3. He sat on the sofa, watching TV.(=He sat on the sofa ____ ______TV.) 4. Though having little money, he always helped the poor. (=_____ ____ ________little money, he always helped the poor. 5.Being too fat, he couldn’t join the army. 6.Having more time, I will do the work much better. 归纳：V-ing做状语，其前往往可以加-------------------------------------等连词，构成“连词+V-ing”结构。 第三关：把状语从句改成V-ing做状语 1.When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend. = ，I came across an old friend. 2.As he was ill, he didn’t go to school. = ，he didn’t go to school. 3. If you use your head, you'll have a good idea. = , you'll have a good idea. 4.Though he worked very hard, he didn't feel a bit tired.

动词不定式作状语

动词不定式作状语 不定式作状语可以表示行为的目的、结果、原因等。(to do/ not to do) 1.表示目的 To save the child, he laid down his life. 注意：有时为了强调或突出这种目的，也可以用in order (not) to do,和so as (not) to do结构（so as to do不可以置于句首）。 He shouted and waved in order to be noticed. In order to be noticed, he shouted and waved I'll write down his telephone number so as not to forget it. 2.表示结果 He got to the station only to find the train had gone. He got to the station only to be told the train had gone. We came home to find our garden neat and tidy.我们回到家里发现花园整整齐齐。 He hurried to the house only to find that it was empty.他急忙赶到那所房子，却发现空无一人。 He survived the crash only to die in the desert.飞机坠毁时他幸免于难，后来却死在沙漠里。 After the meeting, they parted, never to see each other again. He went abroad, never to be heard from. 不定式表示结果常见于下列句型。 1）so ... as to do Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle I’m not so simple as to think it will be easy.我决不至于笨得以为那是容易的事。 The house is so high and narrow as to resemble a tower.这房子又高又窄，像一座塔。 2）such ... as to do We are not such fools as to believe him. He spoke in such a manner as to offend them.他用这种方式讲话，以致冒犯了他们。 It was such aloud noise as to wake everybody in the house.声音这么大，房子里的每个人都给吵醒了。3）enough to do He didn't run fast enough to catch the train. The patient is well enough to sit up in bed now.病人现在已能在床上坐起来了。 He’s big enough to go out without his parents.他已长大，不用父母陪着出门了。 4）only to do He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet. 他搬起石头砸自己的脚。 5）too ... to do His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters. It is too soon for me to say whether the scheme will succeed or not.现在说计划能否成功还为时过早。As a conductor he is too experienced to mind what the critics say.他是一位经验非常丰富的指挥家，根本不会在乎评论家的意见。 注意：too...to...结构中的形容词如果是eager, pleased, happy, ready,willing,anxious等，动词不定式不表结果，也没有否定的意思。 I’m only too glad to stay at home.我太想留在家里啦。(too修饰glad to stay at home) I’m just too anxious to help you.我正是想帮助你哩。(too修饰anxious to help you) You are too ready to find faults in other people.你就爱找别人的岔儿。 The boy was too eager to get a geography book. He is too anxious to know the examination results. 3.表示原因 I was a fool not to listen to you at that time. She wept to find him in such a difficult situation. I’m glad to see you. 练习题 1. ---Where did he go? ---He went to another store ________(buy) pencils. 2. I was surprised _________(watch) him eat so quickly. 3. _________(realise) our wishes, we must try our best to work well. 4. He is _____ honest a man _____ a lie. A. so; to tell B. too; to tell C. very; to tell D. such; that tell 5. I ran too fast _____ where I was going. A. to notice B. for me to notice C. to notice for me D. and notice 6. Would you be _____ to show me the way to the City Hall? A. good enough B. good enough as C. so good D. as good as 7. The man will do everything he can ________(buy) a camera for his wife. 8. Tom kept quiet about the accident ________ lose his job. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to 9. --- Did that book give the information you needed? --- Yes, but ______, we had to read it almost entirely. A. for finding it B. to find it C. finding it D. by finding it 10. I intended _____________ (discuss)the matter with you, but I had some guests hen. 11. The worker is ______ in repairing the machine to notice my coming. A. too busy B. enough busy C. busy too D. busy enough 12. Grace advised us to withdraw ______. A. so as to get not involved B. so as not to get involved C. so that to get not involved D. as not to get involved 13. He ran all the way up to the station ______ that the train had left fifteen minutes before. A. in order to find B. so as to find C. only to find D. such as to find 14. I had intended ___________ (visit) him while he was living at Aberdeen. 15. Despite the earnest efforts of various private groups as well as government agencies, many of the probl ems have not yet been solved, and much remains to ______. A. have been done B. be done C. have done D. do

英语倒装句练习only+状语

(B) 10. Only when you realize the importance of foreign languages_____ them well. A. you can learn B. can you learn C. you learned D. did you learn (A) 11. Only after liberation _____ to be treated as human beings. A.d id they begin B. they had begun C. they did begin D. had they begun (D) 17. Only when _____ in the afternoon _____ able to leave. A. the match was over; they were B. was the match over; were they C. was the match over; they were D. the match was over; were they (D) 26. Only by practicing a few hours every day___ be able to master the language. A. you can B. can you C. you will D. will you (B) 38. Only in this way_____expect to get over so many difficulties. A. we are sure to B. can we C. that we can D. that can we (C) 50. Only when the rain stopped _____ again. A. the match started B. does the match start C. did the match start D. the match had started (A) 1.Only when you have obtained sufficient data ______ come to a sound conclusion. A. can you B. you can C. would you D. you would (C) 4.Only in recent years ______ begun to realize that wild dogs, kept within bounds, often do more good than harm. A. people have B. since people have C. have people D. people who have (C) 47. Only in this way ___________ to make improvement in the operating system. A. you can hope B. you did have C. can you hope D. did you hope (D) 48. Only when your identity has been checked ___________. A. you are allowed to B. you will be allowed in C. will you allow in D. will you be allowed in (C)20. Only in an hour ago ____ out why he was absent. A. did the teacher found B. the teacher found C. did the teacher find D. had the teacher found (C)28. Only when class began ______ that he had left his book at home. A.will he realize B. he did realize C. did he realize D. should he realize (A)29. Only when you have finished your homework _____ go home. A. can you B. would you C. you will D. you can

分词作状语用法

For personal use only in study and research; not for commercial use 分词作状语用法是所有分词用法中最重要的，也是最难掌握的。 分词在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。 一、现在分词作状语 一、现在分词作状语，表主动、进行，相当于一个状语从句，根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。 Studying at the hometown, I enjoyed the happiest time during my life. Being ill, she can't go to work today. The children ran out of the room, laughing and jumping. 1. He sent me an e-mail, ________ to get further information. A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope 2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods. A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing 二、现在分词的时态语态 1. 现在分词的一般式由“动词+ing”构成，其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。 例如：The students standing there are from Class Three. The English novel being translated by the editor now will be completed in October. 2. 现在分词的完成式由“having +动词过去分词”构成，其被动式为“having +been+动词过去分词”。 例如：Having finished all the work, they had a good rest. Having been given the right answer, the teacher asked me to sit down. Given more time, we will finish the work in time. 3. 现在分词的否定式为“not +动词-ing”，被动式的否定式为“not+being+动词过去分词”，其完成式的否定式为“not + having +动词过去分词”。 例如：Not knowing what to do, he sat there crying. Not being noticed by the public, the young writer felt a little pity. 1. _______ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. A. Suffered B. Suffering C. Having suffered D. Being suffered 2. Finding her car stolen, _______. A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help 二、过去分词作状语 过去分词只有一种形式，即done，表被动。 The mother came in, followed by her son. When heated，water will be turned into steam. Deeply moved by the film, we all cried. Born into a poor family, he had no more than two years of schooling. 1．_____ from the top of the TV tower, and we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city. A. To see B. Seen C. Seeing D. See 2. _____ in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United Stated.