高中英语不规则动词表
王艳英
一、规则动词的过去式由“动词原形+-ed”构成,具体变化有:
1. 直接在词尾加-ed。如: want—wanted, work—worked, need—needed, clean—cleaned
2. 以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加-d。如:like—liked, live—lived, use—used, move—moved
3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,先双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-ed。如:stop—stopped, trip—tripped
4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先把y变成i,再加-ed。如:study—studied, carry—carried, hurry—hurried, marry—married
二、不规则动词变化,大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法:
1. 以t结尾的词,过去式与原形相同。如:put—put, let—let, cut—cut, beat—beat
2. 以d结尾的词,把d变成t。如:build—built, lend—lent, send—sent, spend—spent
3. 以n结尾的词,在词后加t。如:mean—meant, burn—burnt, learn—learnt
4. 以ow / aw结尾的词,把ow / aw变成ew。如:blow—blew, draw—drew, know—knew, grow—grew
5. 含有双写字母的词,将双写改为单写,在词尾加t。如:keep—kept, sleep—slept, feel—felt, smell—smelt
6. 含有元音字母o / i的词,将o / i变成a。如:sing—sang, give—gave, sit—sat, drink—drank
三、不规则动词表
动词原形中文意思过去式过去分词
arise 出现arose arisen
awake 醒来awoke awaked / awoken
baby-sit 临时照顾baby-sat baby-sat
be(am / is / are) 是was / were been beat 击打beat beaten
become 变成became become
begin 开始began begun
bend 使弯曲bent bent
bet 赌bet bet
bite 咬bit bitten / bit blow 吹blew blown
break 打破broke broken
bring 拿来brought brought
build 建造built built
burn 燃烧burnt / burned burnt / burned buy 买bought bought
can 能could ×
cast 抛cast cast
catch 捕捉caught caught
choose 选择chose chosen
come 来came come
cost 花费cost cost
cut 割cut cut
deal 分配dealt dealt
dig 挖dug dug
do / does 做did done
draw 画,拉,拖drew drawn
dream 做梦dreamed / dreamt dreamed / dreamt drink 喝drank drunk
drive 驾驶drove driven
eat 吃ate eaten
fall 掉落fell fallen
feed 喂fed fed
.
feel 触摸felt felt
fight 作战fought fought
find 找出found found
fly 飞flew flown
forbid 禁止forbade / forbad forbidden
forget 忘记forgot forgot / forgotten
forgive 原谅forgave forgiven
freeze 结冰froze frozen
get 得到got got
give 给gave given
go 去went gone
grow 成长grew grown
hang 挂 / 绞死hung / hanged hung / hanged
have / has 有had had
hear 听到heard heard
hide 隐藏hid hidden / hid
hit 打hit hit
hold 拿住held held
hurt 受伤hurt hurt
keep 保持kept kept
know 知道knew known
lay 放置laid laid
lead 引导led led
learn 学习learnt / learned learnt / learned leave 离开left left
lend 借贷lent lent
let 让let let
lie 躺lay lain
light 点着lit / lighted lit / lighted
.
lose 遗失lost lost
make 制作made made
may 可以might ×
mean 表…意思meant meant
meet 遇到met met
mistake 误认mistook mistaken misunderstand 误会misunderstood misunderstood pay 支付paid paid
prove 证明proved proved / proven put 放置put put
quit 放弃quit / quitte quit / quitted read 读read read
rebuild 改建rebuilt rebuilt
retell 复述retold retold
rid 免除rid / ridded rid / ridded ride 骑rode ridden
rise 上升rose risen
run 跑ran run
saw 锯sawed sawed / sawn say 说said said
see 看saw seen
seek 寻觅sought sought
sell 卖sold sold
send 送 / 寄sent sent
set 安置set set
sew 缝合sewed sewn / sewed shake 摇shook shaken
shall 将should ×
shine 发光shone shone
擦亮shined shined
.
shoot 放(炮)shot shot
show 显露showed showed / shown sing 唱歌sang sung
sink 下沉sank / sunk sunk / sunken sit 坐sat sat
sleep 睡slept slept
smell 发出气味smelt smelt
sow 种植sowed sown / sowed speak 说spoke spoken
spell 拼写spelt / spelled spelt / spelled spend 花费spent spent
spit 吐出spat / spit spat / spit spring 跳跃sprang / sprung sprung
stand 站立stood stood
steal 偷stole stolen
sweep 打扫swept swept
swim 游泳swam swum
take 拿took taken
teach 教taught taught
tear 撕裂tore torn
tell 告诉told told
think 思考thought thought
throw 投 / 扔threw thrown understand 了解understood understood wake 醒着woke / waked waked / woken wear 穿着wore worn
wet 淋湿wet / wetted wet / wetted will 将would ×
win 获胜won won
write 书写wrote written
附录1、现在分词变化规则:
1 .一般情况下直接加ing
think---thinking sleep---sleeping study---studying
speak---speaking say---saying
2 .以不发音的字母e结尾的单词,去掉字母e,再加ing
wake---waking make---making come---coming
take---taking leave---leaving have---having
dance----dancing ride----riding write---writing
3.以重读闭音节结尾,呈现“辅,元,辅”结构的动词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,
再加ing
stop---stopping sit---sitting run---running
forget---forgetting begin---beginning
4. 以ie结尾的动词,把ie改为y ,再加ing lie---lying
5.以重读闭音节结尾,呈现“辅,元,辅”结构的动词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,
再加ing 。
begin,cut, get, hit, run, sit, stop, set, swim, fit, dig,
forget等。
附录2、第三人称单数变化规则
1、直接在动词后+s
例如: like- likes play-plays
2、以s, x, sh, ch, 接尾的动词:+es
例如: wash-washes
3、以辅音+o接尾的动词:+es
例如: go-goes
4、以辅音+y接尾的动词:变y为i+es
例如: fly-flies
附录3、名词单复数变化规则+口诀
一、可数名词都有单数和复数之分。
A: 规则的可数名词的复数变化规则:
1.一般情况加 s : book-- books mouth---mouths house---houses
girl---girls
2.以 s 、 sh 、 ch 、 x结尾的加 es : class--- classes box----boxes match----matches
3.辅音字母 + y结尾的变 y为 i加es: city---cities
country----countries party----parties factory----factories
4.以 o 结尾的词 +es的只有以下词:heroes Negroes tomatoes potatoes zeroes/zeros
以 o 结尾并且词尾有两个元音字母 +s radios, zoos,
bamboos ,(pianos ,kilos photos)
5.以f, fe 结尾的变f或fe为v +es :
thief wife life knife wolf half leaf shelf
The thief’s wife killed three wolves with some leaves and knives in half of her life.
B: 名词词尾的读音规则:
A.在[ p] [t] [k] [f]等清辅音后读[s] cups, hats, cakes, roofs
B. 在[s] [z] [∫] [t∫]等音后读[iz] glasses, faces, roses.
C.在其他情况下读作[z] beds days cities knives.
D.以th结尾的词原来读[ ] 加词尾后多数读[ ]
如: mouth—mouths path—paths ;
但是也有不变化的,如: month—months, ninth—ninths, youth—youths.
C: 不规则的可数名词的变化规则:
小老鼠爬灯台,偷油吃下不来。
男人当警察,保护妇女跟儿童;
英国人的牙咬了法国人的脚;
养了一头日本羊,送给了中国人;
养了一头鹿跟鹅,卖给了瑞士人。
1.man—men, woman—women, tooth—teeth, foot—feet, goose—geese
child—children, mouse—mice,
2.单复数相同: sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese Swiss.
3.以man, woman 修饰名词构成合成词时,两个词都变化.
man servant—men servants. (boy/girl students)
woman doctor—women doctors.
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