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Ruyukc新托福口语考试模板---最著名的秋姐口语讲义

Ruyukc新托福口语考试模板---最著名的秋姐口语讲义
Ruyukc新托福口语考试模板---最著名的秋姐口语讲义

秋风清,秋月明,落叶聚还散,寒鸦栖复惊。

新托福口语考试技巧加模板:

“小马过河秋姐之E语之秋系列”!

被民间称之为变态的新托福,主要体现在人机对话的口语考试上。虽然是人机对话,但还是人评分(引用官方:

where The responses are digitally recorded and transmitted to ETS's Online Scoring Network,

human raters evaluate them.尽管目前也在考虑用e-rater,但其评价的正确性很具争议!)。所以从这个层面上来讲,你要把机器想象成人,有感情地,自然地与“他”交流。就是不要有应付的感觉,和背诵的感觉, 尽管在练习的时候是一定要经过背诵的。

那么应该如何准备口语才至少不会成为不能进入理想大学的绊脚石呢?

首先,T1, T2 --------做到有备无患!!!

T1,是描述题。属生存口语话题,绝对送分题。就其准备而言,要从人物类(persons),物品类(objects),地点类(places),事件类(events) 着手,每一类准备4-5篇左右。可以参考雅思口语的第二题。雅思口语里给出的答案要比托福口语要求的要长,因为它要求是在一分半钟左右说完的,而托福口语只需要45‘’。所以你要做的事情很简单,就是做一个缩写的工作,或者根据它的套路,把自己情况描述进去。然后背诵下来。到这儿,还不算完事,最关键的是一定要对照镜子或墙或你的朋友(如果你足够幸运有这样的朋友愿意享受你的英文的话)说出来,同时还要计时,并且反复多次,争取每次都要超过上一次的记录,无论是在清晰度,流利度,语速,还是时间方面都要有所超越,这样临场面对电脑的时候你才不会紧张。

T2,是选择题。属阐述观点题。多数为学习和生活类话题。准送分题。A or B,选择一个,并能自圆其说,为什么选它。可以正面三点论述,也可以两正(+)一反(-)论述。准备时可参考最具权威的TWE185,也可以参考雅思口语的第三题(不完全相似,但至少可以提供理由支持),建议写出10-20个左右的段子,然后背诵并说出来(具体步骤同上)。

其次,T3, T4 读-听-说(R-L-S) 综合题----做到听读双赢!!!

ETS 的综合题的出题思路,是根据母语的学习思路设计的。所以试回想一下我们在语文课堂上做的事,就是老师让你读完一段然后总结段落大意。这里稍微复杂一点的是,增加了听的环节(因为是外语的缘故)。那么这道题有两个对策:

1)如果你的阅读比较牛,那么就以读为主,听为辅。结合阅读预测听力内容,进行综合表述。这里可以破解的一个秘密是听力中人物的态度非正即反。所以降低了此题的难度。

2)如果你的听力比较牛,那么就以听为主,读为辅。仔细听,记录笔记。顺带提一句某一观点符合阅读里提到的观点。

所不同的是:

T3, 是dialogue-based, campus-related issue. 相对比T4 容易,而且具有非常清晰固定的模板。所以考试前非常熟悉模板,考试中,主要记笔记。然后把阅读材料中的主要内容和听力材料中的观点和理由填进去就可以了。

记笔记时采取纵向提纲记录法:

Reading: _____________ (关键词如announcement, notice, proposal etc. 常出现在标题和首句中 ) Listening: _____________ (记住是男声,还是女声,做一个M或W的标记,主要是为接下来阐述的过程中he /she 的自由转换做好定位,否则没有定位,考官会感到confused. 自然你的高分梦想就敬而远之了。之后对reading 里的态度,是支持还是反对,因为语言都是现成的,所以只记录一个符号,+或- 就可以了。)

1) Reason 1 / R1: ___________________

2) Reason 2/ R2: ___________________

3) Reason 3/ R3: ___________________ (有时没有R3)

注:这个框架式提纲是利用朗读题目要求的时间在草纸上写好的。

另外,题目要求中问谁的观点答谁的观点,不要画蛇添足。

模板如下:

a. 听读观点一致版:

In the reading material, we learn that the college/university is considering _____________.

In the listening material, the man/woman agrees with (thinks ... is right)___________. One reason he/she gives is that _____________. Another reason is that _____________. He/ She also thinks (points out/ has found) that_____________. (如果有的话)

Therefore, he/she likes the idea.

b. 听读观点对立版:

In the reading material, the college/university is considering _____________.

In the listening material, we clearly learn that the man/woman doesn't like the idea of/that ______________ (of +V-ing. ; that + clause) One reason he/she gives is that _______________. Another reason is that ___________________. He/She also thinks (points out/has found) that ___________. (如果有的话)

Therefore, he/she disagrees with that opinion.

注:我这里把他们作为典型提供一个思路,同学们要根据不同的内容对第一句进行适当的调整。

T4, 是lecture-based, academic topic. 相对T3 学术一些。关键是熟悉一定的背景词汇,这样不会因为题目的陌生而恐慌。不过考试的设计思路总是可以破解的。通常阅读部分是一个definition或explanation. 听力部分是教授的详细讲解,大致由points 和examples 两个板块构成。所以在记笔记的时候,主要记这两点。具体如下:Reading: _______________ (标题和首句中的关键词. 比如:boycott, forest fire, emotional intelligence, etc. 1-2句话完成)

Listening: _______________ (就一个人唱独角戏,听完是M 还是W, 那么以后人称就确定了,he 就是he, she 就是she, 不会像T3 那样产生干扰。)

1) point 1 + example 1

2) point 2 + example 2

3) 小结

模板如下:

In this set of materials, the reading passage explains/ gives a definition of _______________. It states that ______________. In the listening passage, the professor gives a talk on _________. He brings up the fact that _________________.He goes on to further explain that ___________.

By these means, he proves that _______________.

注:此题主要考察一个能力----- paraphrasing 。通俗点说,就是同义替换,平时要多注意积累同一意义的多形表达,这一点,也不用刻意去拿别的教材去学,托福的两门输入课程,听力和阅读材料已经足矣。主要在于你是否留心。这也是我一向主张的观点————

考试与实力同步!!!!!!!!!!!!!

最后,T5, T6. 听-说(L-S)综合题------- 做到速战速决!!!

这是最后一道类型题了,可以在心态保持非常平稳的情况下,速战速决!速战速决不是草率,而是你已经有了前期T1 ,T2 的练嘴热身,中期T3, T4的严密逻辑,就能做到T5,T6的稳抓稳打。而且只要听懂就能说的出。听懂已经不再困难,你只要把听力课上10%的力量用在口语上,便可信手拈来。

T5, student-related problem and solutions, 纯属日常校园口语话题。3/4转述+1/4的个人观点选择,技术含量6个题目中最低。因为转述就是照葫芦说瓢的事;个人观点选择题在T2的准备过程中已经很熟。另外,要熟悉人物。人物角色通常分三种情况:S1---S2, S-P, S- O

(S代表student, P 代表professor, O –other staff member, 就是教务人员,包括TA , advisor, librarian, administrator 等等) 因为在作答时,需要把具体的人物提出来,比如S1-S2类型的要说,the man或male student, the woman 或female student。其他两个类型要具体说the professor…., the advisor ….等等。

熟悉了题型,人物和要讲话的内容以后,接下来就是听和记笔记的问题了。可以按照下列提纲做笔记:Problem:

_______________________

(切记: 要注明是M/W,还是两个人共同(both)面对的问题, 这种情况会出现,尽管几率较小。那么听力关键词就是we 。)

Solution 1: _______________________

(是another male/female student, professor, 或其他人员提出的,还是两个人一起提出的)

Solution 2: _______________________ (同Solution1)

Your preference and explanations: _____________________

模板如下:

a. 两人共同问题版:(尽管是两个人共同面对的问题,也是一个人唱,一个人合)

This is a discussion between two students who ____________________. The male/female student is trying to decide whether to _____________ or to ________________. One of the solutions the two students come up with is that ____________________. The other solution is ___________________. I tend to agree with the second (通常你要同意的那个solution 放在第二位) solution because if he/she _______________ (用虚拟表达,were to +V. V-ed) , he /she would ____________________.

And he/she would also _____________________.

b.一人问题一人方案版:

The discussion is between_______________ and __________________. The (male/female) student is telling his/her friend (professor, advisor etc.) about ______________. He/ She is torn between ________________ and _____________. His/Her friend (professor, advisor etc.) suggests he/ she ________________ (此空也为虚拟表达必须用动词原形)

He/She (提出方案人的人称, 就是friend ,professor, advisor之类的) also tells her /him (问题人的人称,通常与提出方案人的性别是相反的,所以he 与her 相对,She 与him 相对。这里不要混淆。) she/he should _________________.

I think the second idea serves his/her purpose because it would be better/ very helpful if he/she ______________(用虚拟表达,were to +V. V-ed). And if I were him/her, I would also _________________.

注:你的选择无所谓正确与否,还是坚持自圆其说原则。在解释你的选择时,可以用对话中人物的理由作为论据支持,也可以结合自己个人的经历,但是点到为止,避免游离该题的focus. 因为your situation =/= the speaker’s.

另外,提高日常会话能力的绝招------ 就是狂读OG(里面没多少)和蓝三角中的对话听力材料。如果你是长线考生,就是说你有足够的备考时间,那么可以去书店买相关的书,或网上下载一些资料,也是狂读,足够你度过国外初期的survival period;考试以后,还建议学习一些俚语,还是狂读,然后知其所云,迅速融入圈子,从一个outsider 变成一个insider.

T6, lecture. 一学术段子。完全不带个人观点的100%的转述。通常此题被业内人士认为是最难的。T4 也是学术段子,但至少还有阅读辅助,可以进行预测。

其实,此题也并非完全没有破解之处。

首先,弄清教授的讲话思路---- 就是美国人的论证思维模式, 即topic- point - detail -example的总分模式,topic分成几个points 来说,几个details 构成大并列来阐述一个point, 几个examples又构成小并列说明一个detail, 这样像洋葱式的层层剖开。其实,不管题型有多么千变万化,也不管内容又多么扑索迷离,ETS的口语出题思路都是这样的。因为这就是美国人的思维方式,不像我们,喜欢把最重要的放在最后。甚至为了设置悬念,还有“欲知后事如何,且听下回分解”的评书式表达法。

其次,熟悉讲话内容。通常分以下三种类型:

1.现象---因果型(phenomenon--- causes and effects) 即:提出现象---解释因果

2.过程---功能型(process- functions) 即:描述过程---解释功能

3.理论---应用型(theory- applications) 即:介绍理论---论述应用

但是有的lecture 不这么规则化, 会把三种情况综合到一起。因此,该题也没有固定的模板,但有灵活的框架。下面以题为例作以清晰导航:

1)记笔记时,还是采取纵向提纲记录法。如:

An aura is _________________________________________________.

Example: __________________________________________________.

Common characteristics of migrains: ____________________________

____________________________

____________________________

____________________________

Process of migraine:

----- __________________________________________

----- _________________________________________

----- _________________________________________

Possible way to prevent migraines from occuring: _________________________.

2)作答时,根据要求,因为此题不是要求你转述整个lecture 的内容。而是抓住部分观点。就像你真的在大学上课听老师讲课一样,不一定要把老师的每一句话都记下来。所以此题要有极强的笔记功夫。比如此题的要求是:Using points and examples from the lecture, explain what migraines are and how they occur.

首先,考试之前,你不一定知道aura是什么,但它作为开篇提到的词,你肯定把它像上面提纲里那样记录在笔记之上了。然后听到了解释和例子,(这是必然的,所以听到陌生词也不要恐慌。)提纲中的第一行和第二行的信息就这样被捕捉了。但是,是有用信息还是无用信息呢?你也不知道,直到后来你听到migraines 这个词高频出现。结果,问题中migraines就被主要问到。因此要审题,不要费力不讨好。

结合笔记,把多余的删除。

答题模板是这样的(就题论题):

The lecture tells us about migraines. A migraine is a _________________________________________________________________.

The migraine itself involves ____________________ and other symptoms, such as __________.

Doctors suspect a possible cause ___________________________________________________.

The brain then _____________________________________, which results in pain. Migraine sufferers should try to identify ______________________________________________.

注:T3-T6平时练习时,也要记录时间。

结语:希望你不仅成为口语的考试专家,也能成为真正的交流高手!!!

最后祝愿你的考托之路越走越好,你的人生之路越走越顺!!!

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