高中英语完形填空技巧

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不管是传统的英语教学还是近几年提出的英语新课程目标的教学中,英语的完形填空能力的培养和教学都是高中英语教学的重要组成部分,尤其是在高考中,英语完形填空能力的强弱是英语高考成功与否的关键。完形填空也是绝大多数学生将来直接运用外语能力的最重要的方面之一。

纵观近几年的英语高考试卷题，我们不难发现：高考完形填空所选文章多是情节相对完整的记叙文或夹叙夹议文。越来越注重贴近学生的认知和情感。与早年完型填空题注重学生语言运用的准确性，而忽视文章的内容相比，最近的命题趋向提示我们，中学英语教学不该只停留在词汇和单纯的阅读理解上。如果英语教学能像中文那样带着学生去欣赏英语文字的美，体会它的文化情感深意，英语教学就上了一个新的台阶。高考完型填空的命题趋势，正呼唤着这种变革。这就要求我们在做高考英语完形填空时要有得当的方法：

1.细读首句，推测意图。

NMET完形填空题的取材大多是记叙文（也有夹叙夹议的文章）。无论记人或记事，首句至关重要，首句通常就是文章的主旨所在或是告诉你文章的总的背景。任务、时间、地点以及其它许多重要信息都可能从此得到，而且可以推测作者大概要写一个什么样的故事。如果忽略了首句，就会对下文出现的许多情节感到突然，甚至不可理解。

2.通读全文，掌握大意。

做完形填空切忌没看完全文就做题。有的题，看起来似乎很容易，却是命题者有意安排的陷阱，让你误入迷途。所以一定要把全文看上两三遍，掌握住文章的主要内容，理清了文章的思路，然后再着手选择答案。

3.先易后难，前后照应。

同一篇完形填空题中，各题难易相差很大，有的一眼便可看出，有的要反复推敲。对于一时没有把握的题目，可以采用“迂回战术”，在题号前标上记号，先绕过去做下面的题目。在做完较容易的题目之后再回过头来思考那些难题，同时把已确定好了的答案代入短文，帮助理解。这样，也许难题就不难了。除了要从语法上考虑之外，更主要的是要从上下文前后照应上多加考虑，保证文章前后不产生矛盾。

4.复读全文，核查答案。

（1）检查上下文的一致性：即时态、语态的一致，代词、名词、单复数的一致。

（2）检查表达法的习惯性：即习惯用语、固定搭配、句型词组是否符合习惯。

（3）检查上下文的连贯性：及凭借语感，按照上下文，检查段落与段落，句子与句子之间的衔接是否连贯。这是检查中至关重要的一环，往往能纠正一处甚至多处错误。

一般来说，完型填空要读3遍：通读全文了解故事概要；细读，填空恢复原文；再读，检查文章的条理逻辑是否通顺。以往同学们往往忽视这一重要环节。做完题后，再读全文，核对答案。注意上下文的一致性及时态、语态的一致，单复数的一致；从语法、惯用法甚至语感入手，看全文是否合乎逻辑；注意句与句、段与段之间的衔接是否连贯通顺。只有这样做了，你才可以交一份满意的答卷。

当然，在日常英语教学中，教师也要做到以下四点，帮助学生顺利完成完形填空。

1，鼓励学生阅读《心灵.......汤》这样带有情感色彩和人生启迪的书籍。英语学习不仅是背诵单词，做阅读练习，它应是心灵的净化，文化的沟通，文明的传递。

2，指导学生重视语篇学习，构建语篇意识。在做完型填空练习题时，培养学生在把握整体的前提下，充分利用上下文，选择最佳选项的能力。

3，指导学生正确理解语境的含义。语境context在英文中指“某事或某物发生的环境或应该考虑到的环境或背景”，语境大致可分为四个层次:指空格前后的单词、词组和句子；空格前后的细节内容；全文的结构和主旨大意；作者的背景，写作思路，态度观点。尤其是后两者，只有正确理解了语境的完整含义，才能做出准确地选择。

4，指导学生在做完型练习时，不要盲目填空，步骤（1）浏览全文，掌握主旨；步骤（2）瞻前顾后，试选答案；步骤（3）复核全文，弥补疏漏。这样才能养成良好的做题习惯，为做高考完型打下坚实的基础。

总而言之，完形填空是一项含有多种技巧的思维过程，涉及到大量的语言知识，包括词，词性，句子，语法结构等等。另外还包括一定的历史和社会文化背景等的非语言知识。若要想在完形填空中拿到满意的分数，学生就得在阅读中一边阅读，一边进行猜测，推断，归纳，验证。学生除了必须熟练掌握词汇，还必须具备一定的阅读理解的准确性和阅读速度的能力。另外，学生必须经过大量的阅读和长期的阅读训练，才能取得优异的成绩。

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