mis11e_复习版
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Management Information Systems
华南农业大学
South China Agricultural University
Instructor: Chengjian.Deng 邓成剑School ：College of Informatics
管理信息系统
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Contents
?Chapter 00 Introduction ?Chapter 01 IS Concept ?Chapter 02 IS Types
?Chapter 03 IS, Organizations, and Strategy ?Chapter 05 IT Infrastructure
?Chapter 09 Enterprise Applications ?Chapter 13 Building IS
?
Chapter 14 Managing Projects
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Chapter Introduction on MIS Course and IS Discipline
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?the course of Management Information System is a basic course for bachelor of Information Management and Information System disciplines. The objectives of the course are to introduce the fundamental concepts and principles of management information system, includes: the basic concept of information systems from both technical and business perspective, the important applications of current information systems, the key
management, organization and technology issues relating to information systems use in business, development process and all kinds of methods of building information system and relative issues about information systems management.
Management Information Systems
Chapter 0 Introduction on Course and IS Discipline
SYLLABUS
Course Introduction
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Management Information Systems
Chapter 0 Introduction on Course and IS Discipline
SYLLABUS
Course Structure
Building &Management
Technology
Application Organization &Management Chapter01 信息系统与商业Chapter02 企业中的信息系统
Chapter03 信息系统、组织与战略Chapter05 IT 基础设施与新兴技术
Chapter09 企业应用软件
Chapter13 构建信息系统Chapter14 信息系统管理
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?Sharing 。Achieving the course purpose relies absolutely on the consensus(一致)among the instructor and all participant that everyone should contribute his/her effort and wisdom to the success.
?Lectures 。to build up the fundamental framework of MIS are offered by instructor.
Teaching Format
Management Information Systems
Chapter 0 Introduction on Course and IS Discipline
SYLLABUS
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?Cases reading 。We will read almost 30 cases or article. After reading, and someone will be required to answer questions.
?Discussion 。Complete 3 Reading assignments provided by instructor and answer the question which will be discussed at class.
Teaching Format (cont.)Management Information Systems
Chapter 0 Introduction on Course and IS Discipline
SYLLABUS
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?Textbook(教材)
–Kenneth C. Laudon, Jane P. Laudon , Management Information Systems (11th Edition), Prentice Hall, Pearson Education, 2010?LMS
–http://202.116.160.122/eol/homepage/common/openco urse/
Textbook
Management Information Systems
Chapter 0 Introduction on Course and IS Discipline
SYLLABUS
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Grading
Management Information Systems
Chapter 0 Introduction on Course and IS Discipline
SYLLABUS
?Activities and Percentages
–Class participation 5%–Class Contribution 5% –3 Reading assignments 30%–Final exam 60%
?Final exam –True ‐False Questions 10%
–Multiple ‐Choice Questions 30%–Fill in the Blanks 20%–Essay Questions 25%–
Case Reading 15%
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?Positive(正面的)
–Answering a “cold call ”about knowledge point correctly –Answering questions voluntarily
–Constructive disagreement in discussion
?Negative(负面的)
–Absence
–Arriving late to class
–Playing mobile phone continuously –
Lack of involvement
Class participation & contribution
Management Information Systems
Chapter 0 Introduction on Course and IS Discipline
SYLLABUS
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Management Information Systems
Chapter 0 Introduction on Course and IS Discipline
IS DISCIPLINE
?Information Systems (IS)(信息系统) is an
academic/professional discipline concerned with the strategic, managerial and operational activities involved in the gathering, processing, storing, distributing and use of information, and its associated technologies, in society and organizations.
?As an area of study, IS bridges the multidisciplinary business field and the interdisciplinary computer science field that is evolving toward a new scientific discipline.
What is IS Discipline?
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Manager End User
IT Engineer
Business
Information Technology
CIO, System analyst, IT consultant IS Discipline
（Compound high-level talent ）
Management Information Systems
Chapter 0 Introduction on Course and IS Discipline
IS DISCIPLINE
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?Gordon Davis is internationally known as one of the principal founders and
intellectual architects of the academic field of information systems.
?In 1967, he and two colleagues initiated the first academic degree programs in management information systems and established the Management Information Systems Research Center (MISRC).
Founders of Discipline
Management Information Systems
Chapter 0 Introduction on Course and IS Discipline
IS DISCIPLINE
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Management Information Systems
Chapter 0 Introduction on Course and IS Discipline
My Favorites Photo
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Management Information Systems
Chapter 0 Introduction on Course and IS Discipline
IS DISCIPLINE
?Journal(期刊)
–MIS Quarterly
–Information Systems Research
?IS association(协会)
–Association for Information Systems
?
IS academic conference(学术会议)
–International Conference on Information
IS Research
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Management Information Systems
Chapter 0 Introduction on Course and IS Discipline
IS DISCIPLINE
IS International Famous Programs
?Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Solan)?Carnegie Mellon University (PA)
?University of Minnesota Twin Cities (Carlson)?University of Texas Austin (McCOMBS)?University of Arezona (Eller)?Stanford University (CA)
?University of Pennsylvania (Wharton)?New York University (Stern)?Harvard University
?University of California Los Angeles (Anderson)?University of Michigan Ann Arbor ?
City University of Hong Kong
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Management Information Systems
Chapter 0 Introduction on Course and IS Discipline
IS DISCIPLINE
Differing Names for the Academic Field of Information Systems ?Management Information Systems, representing 41% of programs
?Information Systems, representing 21% of programs ?Computer Information Systems, representing 18% of programs
?
The remaining 21% of programs are known by names such as:
–Information Management
–?Information Systems Management –?[Business] Information Systems –?[Business] Computer Systems
–?[Business] Computer Information Systems
–?[Business] Information Technology Management –
?[Business] Informatics
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IS professionals will have excellent opportunities, as companies are increasingly looking to technology to drive their revenue. There are a wide variety of career paths in the information systems discipline.
IS Career Pathways
Management Information Systems
Chapter 0 Introduction on Course and IS Discipline
IS DISCIPLINE
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IS Profession Management Information Systems
Chapter 0 Introduction on Course and IS Discipline
IS DISCIPLINE
1.
IS professionals exist in a broad variety of domains , including, for example, business, health care, government, and non ‐profit organizations.
2.IS professionals must have strong analytical and
critical thinking skills to thrive in a competitive global environment
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IS Profession
Management Information Systems
Chapter 0 Introduction on Course and IS Discipline
IS DISCIPLINE
3. IS professionals must exhibit strong ethical principles and have good interpersonal communication and team skills .
4. IS professionals must design and implement information technology solutions that enhance organizational performance.
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1
Chapter Information Systems in Global Business
Today
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Management Information Systems
Chapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today
?Understanding the effects of information systems on business and their relationship to globalization.
?Explain why information systems are so essential in business today.?Define an information system and describe its
management, organization, and technology components.
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?Define complementary assets(资产) and explain how they ensure that information systems provide genuine(真正的)value to an organization.?Describe the different academic disciplines used to study information systems and explain how each contributes to our understanding of them. ?Explain what is meant by a sociotechnical(社会技术) systems perspective.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES (Continued)
Management Information Systems
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NBA Teams Make a Slam Dunk with Information Technology
?Problem:Lack of hard data usable in decision-making processes, costly and competitive market.?Solutions: Developed a new system designed to collect and organize data using video clips of games.?Synergy Sports Technology tags video of each game with hundreds of descriptive categories and allows coaches and players to stream game footage from the Web.?Demonstrates IT’s role in innovation and improving business processes.?Illustrates how the Web has allowed businesses to use new tools to analyze critical data.
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NBA Teams Make a Slam Dunk with Information Technology
?Slam Dunk 暴扣?Nuance 细微差别?Tactics 策略?Hunches 预感?Gut instincts 直觉?Cues 线索
?Finer-grained 细粒度?Footage 连续镜头?Demonstrates 证明
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NBA Teams Make a Slam Dunk with Information Technology
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The Role of Information Systems in Business Today
?How information systems are transforming business
?Increase in wireless technology use, Web sites ?Shifts in media and advertising
?New federal security and accounting laws
?Globalization opportunities
?Internet has drastically reduced costs of operating on global scale
?Presents both challenges and opportunities
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Management Information Systems
Chapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today The Role of Information Systems in Business Today
Information Technology Capital Investment
Figure 1-1
Information technology investment, defined as hardware, software, and communications equipment, grew from 32% to 51% between 1980 and 2008.
Source : Based on data in U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, National Income and Product Accounts , 2008.
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?In the emerging, fully digital firm (数字化企业)
–Significant business relationships are digitally enabled and mediated
–Core business processes are accomplished through digital networks
–Key corporate assets are managed digitally
–Sense and respond to their environments far more rapidly than traditional firms
?Sample: Cisco , Dell
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Growing interdependence between ability to use information technology and ability to implement corporate strategies and achieve corporate goals ?
Business firms invest heavily in information systems to achieve six strategic business objectives:
a)Operational excellence
b)New products, services, and business models c)Customer and supplier intimacy d)Improved decision making e)Competitive advantage f)
Survival
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?Operational excellence:
–Improvement of efficiency to attain higher profitability –Information systems, technology an important tool in achieving greater efficiency and productivity –Example ：Wal-Mart 连续补货系统
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?New products, services, and business models(商业模式):
–Business model : describes how company produces, delivers, and sells product or service to create wealth –Information systems and technology a major enabling tool for new products, services, business models –Example ：携程并购运通
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?Customer and supplier intimacy(亲密):
–Serving customers well leads to customers returning, which raises revenues and profits
–Intimacy with suppliers allows them to provide vital inputs, which lowers costs –Example ：魅族的论坛文化
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?Improved decision making
–Without accurate information:
?Managers must use forecasts, best guesses, luck –Information systems may be contributed to make decision reasonably by managers –Example: 华为信息中心
Management Information Systems
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?Competitive advantage
–Delivering better performance
–Charging less for superior products
–Responding to customers and suppliers in real time
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?Survival
–Information technologies as necessity of business –May be:
?Industry-level changes, e.g. Citibank’s introduction of ATMs
?Governmental regulations requiring record-keeping
–Examples: Toxic Substances Control Act, Sarbanes-Oxley Act
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The Role of Information Systems in Business Today
Management Information Systems
Chapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today The Interdependence Between Organizations and
Information Technology
In contemporary systems there is a growing interdependence between a firm’s information systems and its business capabilities. Changes in strategy, rules, and business processes increasingly require changes in hardware, software, databases, and telecommunications. Often, what the organization would like to do depends on what its systems will permit it to do.
Figure 1-2
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?Definition of Information system from technical perspective:
–Set of interrelated components
–Collect, process, store, and distribute information –Support decision making, coordination, and control
Perspectives on Information Systems
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?Information vs. data
–Data are streams of raw facts
–Information is data shaped into meaningful form
Perspectives on Information Systems
Management Information Systems
Chapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today
Data
Information
???
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Perspectives on Information Systems
Management Information Systems
Chapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today
Raw data from a supermarket checkout counter can be processed and organized to produce meaningful information, such as the total unit sales of dish detergent or the total sales revenue from dish detergent for a specific store or sales territory.
Figure 1-3
Data and Information
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?Information system: Three activities produce information organizations need
–Input : Captures raw data from organization or external environment
–Processing (处理): Converts raw data into meaningful form
–Output : Transfers processed information to people or activities that use it
Perspectives on Information Systems
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Perspectives on Information Systems
Management Information Systems
Chapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today
An information system contains information about an organization and its surrounding environment. Three basic activities—input, processing, and output—produce the information organizations need. Feedback is output returned to appropriate people or activities in the organization to evaluate and refine the input. Environmental actors, such as customers, suppliers, competitors, stockholders, and regulatory agencies, interact with the organization and its information systems.
Figure 1-4
Functions of an Information System
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?Read the Interactive Session: Technology, and then discuss the following questions:
?What are the inputs, processing, and outputs of UPS’s package tracking system??What technologies are used by UPS? How are these technologies related to UPS’s business strategy??What problems do UPS’s information systems solve? What would happen if these systems were not available?
UPS Competes Globally with Information Technology Perspectives on Information Systems
Management Information Systems
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UPS Competes Globally with Information Technology
Perspectives on Information Systems
Management Information Systems
Chapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today
?Formula 准则?Territories 地区?Stiff 严厉的
?Destination 目的地?Dispatchers 调度?Leveraging 利用?
Subscribing 订购的
?Fraction 小部分
?Freight forwarding 运费期付
?Multimodal
transportation 多式联运
?Brokerage 海关中介?horticultural 园艺的
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?Definition of Information Systems from Business perspective
–represents an organizational and management solution
–based on information technology –to a challenge or problem posed by the environment
Perspectives on Information Systems
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Perspectives on Information Systems
Management Information Systems
Chapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today
Using information systems effectively requires an understanding of the organization, management, and information technology shaping the systems. An information system
creates value for the firm as an organizational and management solution to challenges posed by the environment.
Figure 1-5
Information Systems Are More Than Computers
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?Organizational dimension (维度)of information systems
–Hierarchy of authority(权利), responsibility(责任)
?Senior management ?Middle management
?Operational management ?Knowledge workers ?Data workers
?
Production or service workers
Perspectives on Information Systems
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Perspectives on Information Systems
Management Information Systems
Chapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today
Business organizations are hierarchies consisting of three principal levels: senior
management, middle management, and operational management. Information systems serve each of these levels. Scientists and knowledge workers often work with middle management.
Figure 1-6
Levels in a Firm
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?Organizational dimension of information systems (cont.)
–Separation of business functions
?Sales and marketing ?Human resources
?Finance and accounting
?
Manufacturing and production
–Unique business processes –Unique business culture
–Organizational politics (政治)
Perspectives on Information Systems
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Management dimension of information systems
–Managers set organizational strategy for responding to business challenges
–
In addition, managers must act creatively:
?Creation of new products and services ?
Occasionally re-creating the organization
Perspectives on Information Systems
Management Information Systems
Chapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today
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–Computer hardware and software –Data management technology
–Networking and telecommunications technology
?Networks, the Internet, intranets and extranets, World Wide Web
–IT infrastructure : provides platform that system is built on
Perspectives on Information Systems
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Perspectives on Information Systems
Management Information Systems
Chapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today
Procedures for tracking packages and managing inventory and provide information
Monitor service levels and costs
Handheld computers, bar-code scanners, networks, desktop computers, etc.Technology
Organization
Management
UPS tracking
system Business Solution
Analyze UPS ’s System case with “TOM ”Framework
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?Business information value chain
–Raw data acquired and transformed through stages that add value to that information
–Value of information system determined in part by extent to which it leads to better decisions, greater efficiency, and higher profits
Perspectives on Information Systems
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Perspectives on Information Systems
Management Information Systems
Chapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today
From a business perspective, information systems are part of a series of value-adding
activities for acquiring, transforming, and distributing information that managers can use to improve decision making, enhance organizational performance, and, ultimately, increase firm profitability.
Figure 1-7
The Business Information Value Chain
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?Business perspective on information systems:
–Information system is instrument for creating value
–Investments in information technology will result in superior returns:
?Productivity increases ?Revenue increases
?Superior long-term strategic positioning
Perspectives on Information Systems
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Perspectives on Information Systems
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Chapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today
Although, on average, investments in information technology produce returns far above those returned by other investments, there is considerable variation across firms.
Figure 1-8
Variation in Returns on
Information Technology Investment
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?Investing in information technology does not guarantee(保证) good returns
?Considerable variation in the returns firms receive from systems investments
–Factors:
?Adopting the right business model
?Investing in complementary assets (organizational and management capital)
Perspectives on Information Systems
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?Complementary assets (互补性资产):
–Assets required to derive value from a primary investment
–Firms supporting technology investments with investment in complementary assets receive superior returns
?E.g.: invest in technology and the people to make it work properly
Perspectives on Information Systems
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?Complementary assets include:
–Organizational investments, e.g.
?Appropriate business model ?Efficient business processes
–Managerial investments, e.g.
?Incentives for management innovation
?Teamwork and collaborative work environments
–Social investments, e.g.
?The Internet and telecommunications infrastructure ?Technology standards
Perspectives on Information Systems
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?Technical approach(技术方法)
?Emphasizes mathematically based models ?Computer science, management science, operations research
?Behavioral approach(行为方法)
?Behavioral issues (strategic business integration, implementation, etc.)
?Psychology(心理学), economics, sociology
Contemporary Approaches to Information Systems
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?Management Information Systems
?Combines computer science, management science, operations research and practical orientation with behavioral issues
?Four main actors
?Suppliers of hardware and software ?Business firms
?Managers and employees
?
Firm’s environment (legal, social, cultural context)
Contemporary Approaches to Information Systems
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?Approach of this book: Sociotechnical (社会技术)view
?Optimal(最佳的)organizational performance achieved by jointly optimizing both social and technical systems used in production ?Helps avoid purely technological approach
Contemporary Approaches to Information Systems
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Contemporary Approaches to Information Systems
Management Information Systems
Chapter 1 Information Systems in Global Business Today In a sociotechnical perspective, the performance of a system is optimized when both the technology and the organization mutually adjust to one another until a satisfactory fit is obtained.
Figure 1-10
A Sociotechnical Perspective on Information Systems
Alternative ：可选择(方案)
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Chapter Global E-Business: How
Global E -Business: How Businesses Use Information Systems
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Management Information Systems
Chapter 2 Global E -Business: How Businesses Use Information Systems
?Define and describe business processes and their relationship to information systems.
?Evaluate the role played by systems serving the various levels of management in a business and their relationship to each other.
?Explain how enterprise applications, collaboration and communication systems, and intranets improve organizational performance.
?Explain the difference between e-business, e-commerce, and e-government.
?Assess the role of the information systems function in a business.
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HYPERONE:Solutions to Achieve Business Objectives
Hypermarket 超级市场Suburb 郊区
Overheads 常规费用Property 所有权Prominence 卓越Indicators 指示器Ballot 投票Incite 激励
Reliability 可靠性Activate 使发挥作用
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Business Processes and Information Systems
?Business processes :
?Workflows of material, information, knowledge ?Sets of activities, steps
?May be tied to functional area or be cross-functional ?Business processes may be assets(资产) or liabilities(累赘)
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?Examples of functional business processes
–Manufacturing and production
?Assembling(组装)the product
–Sales and marketing
?Identifying customers
–Finance and accounting
?Creating financial statements(报表)
–Human resources
?Hiring employees
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Business Processes and Information Systems
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The Order Fulfillment Process
Figure 2-1
Fulfilling a customer order involves a complex set of steps that requires the close coordination of the sales, accounting, and manufacturing functions.
Business Processes and Information Systems
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Business Processes and Information Systems
?Information technology enhances business processes in two main ways:
?Increasing efficiency of existing processes
?Automating steps that were manual
?Enabling entirely new processes that are capable of transforming the businesses
?Change flow of information
?Replace sequential steps with parallel steps ?Eliminate(消除) delays in decision making
Management Information Systems
Chapter 2 Global E -Business: How Businesses Use Information Systems
Case ：快餐业点餐流程
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Types of Business Information Systems
Management Information Systems
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Types of Business Information Systems
Management Information Systems
Chapter 2 Global E -Business: How Businesses Use Information Systems
1.
Sales and Marketing Systems :Sales management, market research, promotion, pricing, new products 2.
Manufacturing and Production Systems :Scheduling, purchasing, shipping, receiving, engineering, operations 3.
Financing and Accounting Systems :Budgeting(预算), general ledger(总账), billing, cost accounting
4.
Human Resource Systems ：Personnel records, benefits, compensation, labor relations, training
Four Different Kinds of Systems
by Organization Function
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Types of Business Information Systems
Management Information Systems
Chapter 2 Global E -Business: How Businesses Use Information Systems
Three Different Kinds of Systems
by Organization Levels
1.
Operational-level systems:support operational managers, keeping track of the elementary activities and transactions
2.
Management-level systems:serve the monitoring,
controlling, decision-making, and administrative activities 3.
Strategic-level systems:help senior management tackle and address strategic issues
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Types of Business Information Systems
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?Transaction processing systems
–Perform and record daily routine transactions necessary to conduct business
?Examples: sales order entry, payroll, shipping
–Allow managers to monitor status of operations and relations with external environment –Serve operational levels
–Serve predefined, structured goals and decision making
Types of Business Information Systems
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A Payroll TPS
Figure 2-2
A TPS for payroll processing captures employee payment transaction data (such as a time card). System outputs include online and hard-copy reports for management and employee paychecks.
Types of Business Information Systems
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?Management information systems
–Serve middle management
–Provide reports on firm ’s current performance, based on data from TPS
–Provide answers to routine(常规的)questions with predefined procedure for answering them –Typically have little analytic capability
Types of Business Information Systems
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How Management Information Systems Obtain Their
Data from the Organization ’s TPS
Figure 2-3
In the system illustrated by this diagram, three TPS supply summarized transaction data to the MIS reporting system at the end of the time period. Managers gain access to the organizational data through the MIS, which provides them with the appropriate reports.
Types of Business Information Systems
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Sample MIS Report
Figure 2-4
This report, showing summarized annual sales data, was produced by the MIS in Figure 2-3.
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?Decision support systems
–Serve middle management
–Support nonroutine decision making
?Example: What is impact on production schedule if December sales doubled?
–Often use external information as well from TPS and MIS
–Include Model driven DSS and Data driven DSS
Types of Business Information Systems
Management Information Systems
Chapter 2 Global E -Business: How Businesses Use Information Systems