跨文化英语阅读教程Unit课后翻译

Unit 1 The Texts: Piracy in the Twenty-First Century

参考译文：

二十一世纪的盗版现象

课文一

现代社会依赖于技术创新，而技术创新须依靠知识产权来保障。越来越多的国家遵守国际条约，实行知识产权保护。但这方面做得还远远不够。我们来回顾一下过去，看看缺乏知识产权保护会导致什么样的后果，从而吸取教训。

Reading B

As many Western companies once discovered to their cost, investing in Southeast Asia before the advent of secure intellectual property rights was an expensive proposition. To enter these markets, Western companies had to disclose to authorities details not only of their products, but also of the processes whereby their products were created. The result, all too often, was rapid and blatant copying of goods which were not protected against copyright abuse of this kind.

参考译文：

许多西方公司付出了惨痛的代价才发现，知识产权保障机制还未健全时，在东南亚投资无异于将钱付诸东流。要进入这些市场，西方公司不仅必须向相关当局说明他们的产品，而且还要说明他们产品的制作过程。而结果经常是本该受到知识产权保护的产品很快被无耻地抄袭。

Reading C

There are numerous examples of such copyright piracy from the past. The American chemical giant Du Pont, for example, introduced into one Asian country its famous Londax herbicide, which kills weeds in rice fields. The company had invested millions of dollars in the research and development of this product, and plough ed another US$25 million into opening a local production plant. Less than one year afterwards, however, very cheap bottles of a fake Londax were openly on sale. The only difference between the fake and real items — other than the price — was that the fake was called Rondex and came in a blue rather than green bottle. However, as it was so much cheaper than the original, it effectively destroyed Du Pont’s investment. I t also made the company much less willing to invest in R&D (research and development) of new chemicals. The “recipe” for Londax should have been treated as the intellectual property of Du Pont. For another company to make unauthorized use of it was stealing, just as surely as if they had stolen Du Pont’s machines or any other physical property.

参考译文：

盗用知识产权的例子不胜枚举。例如，美国化学制品巨头杜邦向一亚洲国家引进了一种名叫Londax的着名除草剂，用来除掉稻田里的杂草。该公司在该产品的研发上投资了数百万美元，而且又投入了2500万美元在当地开设了一家生产厂家。然而，不到一年以后，一

瓶瓶非常廉价的冒牌Londax公然上市了。冒牌产品和正宗产品除了价格外的唯一区别是冒牌产品的名称是Rondex，用的是蓝色瓶而不是正宗产品用的绿色瓶。但是，由于冒牌产品的价格比正宗产品的价格低廉许多，它成功毁掉了杜邦公司的投资。同时它也使得该公司不再愿意投资于新化学制品的研发。生产Londax的配方本应该被当作是杜邦公司的知识产权。其他非法使用该配方的公司是犯了偷盗行为，就像盗取了杜邦公司的机器或者该公司的其他财产一样。Reading D

It was not only products that were vulnerable — protecting a brand n ame in the Asian market was once nearly impossible. Even Kellogg’s, the manufacturers of the original Kellogg’s Corn Flakes, found themselves competing with a product superficially similar to their own: Kongal Cornstrips, which even came in a near-identical box. Unfortunately, as in the Du Pont case, Kellogg’s chances of successfully prosecuting the copyists were virtually zero, because local law did not adequately recognize the concept of copyright protection.

参考译文：

不光是产品，在亚洲市场上保护一个品牌也曾经是几乎不可能的事。就连Kellogg’s玉米片的生产商Kellogg’s公司也发现自己的产品被山寨：Kongal 牌玉米条，连包装也几乎一模一样。不幸的是，和杜邦公司的事件一样，Kellogg’s 公司成功惩罚侵权者的几率几乎为零，因为当地的法律不承认知识产权保护的概念。

Reading E

Fortunately, the situation is now much improved following various rounds of negotiations within the World Trade Organization. Nonetheless, international companies must remain vigilant against violation of their intellectual property rights. There are always those who will seek to profit from someone else’s research efforts, financial investment and market goodwill. Innovation will be killed if its rewards cannot be protected by the law.

参考译文：

幸好，在经过许多轮世贸组织的谈判后，情况大为改观。然而，跨国公司必须保持警惕，以防被侵权。总有人试图从别人的研发、投资、商誉中牟利。如果成果得不到法律保护，创新就是空话。Reading F

Text 2_______________________________________________ You hear a lot about copyright and intellectual property (IP) nowadays, usually from one point of view: that of the copyright holder. That’s not an accident —there’s a lot of money to be made from

so-called “intellectual property” rights, and many people will want to convince you that intellectual property rights are necessary and good, rather than being a giant rip-off for consumers across the planet. What you’ll most likely be told is that intellectual property rights need to be

protected, otherwise no one will “innovate.” Why invent something if someone else makes all the money from it and you get nothing?

参考译文：

课文二

如今你经常会听到“知识产权”这个词——通常是从产权者嘴里。这不是意外，所谓“知识产权”可是能够让人挣大钱的，所以无数人想使你确信：知识产权是必需的，而不是忽悠全球消费者的大噱头。他们最有可能告诉你，知识产权应该受到保护，否则“创新”无从谈起。可为什么搞出这样一种东西，也就是其他人都从里面挣钱，而你却什么也得不到？

Reading G

While this is a real problem that needs to be addressed, it’s also a limited way of looking at innovation. Innovation is a cooperative process, a social process that builds upon the work of countless other people. It’s natural for people to innovate, and to work creatively together to find solutions to problems and challenges. Seen from this perspective, protecting IP slows down innovation, because people cannot use each other’s ideas, or even similar ideas, without paying a lot of money or risking a lawsuit.

参考译文：

虽然这是个亟待处理的问题，但它还是种对于创新的狭隘观点。创新是一个合作的过程，是一种建立在无数人努力之上的社会进程。

人们很自然地会去创新，会去合作，会去创造性地解决问题。从这个角度看，保护知识产权会阻碍创新，因为人们无法利用各自的创意，甚至是相似的创意，否则就得支付一大笔钱或者面临起诉。Reading H

If you want an example, look at the IT creativity that exists in the Asian region. It is probably safe to say that a lot of coder s and IT creators cut their teeth on at least some pirated software. Those people now have skills that are invaluable in the modern economy. What if they had been forced to pay the “market price” for legitimate products? They would have been priced out of learning and practising their skills. There’d be fewer people who could innovate in technology. We’d all be worse off —except for the copyright holders!

参考译文：

如果要找个例子，那就看看亚洲在信息技术方面的创造力。可以说，许多程序员和工程师或多或少都使用过一些盗版软件，以此磨炼技术。这些人如今拥有的技术对现代经济社会是不可或缺的。假设他们不得不支付“市场价”来使用正版软件呢？他们肯定无力承受，从而失去学习的机会。那样的话，在技术领域能够创新的人就会更少。所有人的生活都将变得更糟糕——除了知识产权的拥有者！Reading I

There’s a reason I’ve put “market price” in scare quotes. Here’s IP’s dirty little secret — IP is anti-free market. If you’ve ever read the fin ance

pages of a newspaper, you’ll know that pro tectionist measures like import tariff s are considered bad for economies because they distort free market prices. But intellectual property rights distort free market prices as well, and by a lot more than things like tariffs do. Think about it: if it is wrong to double market prices by imposing a tariff on a particular good, why is it acceptable to increase prices tenfold on the basis of an intellectual property right? It is well known that things like software and pharmaceuticals are many, many times more expensive when protected by IP rights than when subjected to competition in the free market. If it is good for the free market to determine prices — and economists say it is — then surely intellectual property rights in their current form must go. 参考译文：

“市场价”被我打了引号是有原因的。知识产权有个肮脏的小秘密：知识产权不参与自由市场竞争。如果你读过报纸的财经版，你会知道像进口关税这样的保护主义政策对经济不利，因为他们破坏了自由市场价格。但是知识产权同样破坏自由市场价格，而且程度上要严重得多。想想看，如果对某样商品征收关税并使其市场价格提高一倍是不对的，那么为什么以知识产权的名义让价格变成十倍就被认可了呢？众所周知，当受到知识产权保护而不是任其在自由市场中竞争时，软件和药品这类产品的价格要高上许多倍。经济学家说让自由市场决定价格大有益处，如果是这样，现行的知识产权保护制度必须改变。

Reading J

So next time you hear intellectual property rights justified in terms of innovation, try this little translation to get the real meaning: “In fact, I don’t mind less innovation, just so long as I can buy a new Porsche. Would you and your friends be kind enough to pay for it?”

参考译文：

所以下次你听到有人以创新的名义大谈知识产权时，转转脑子，你就会明白他的真实意图：“实际上，我才不管有没有创新，只要我能买新款保时捷就行了。你们能不能为我付钱？”

跨文化交际与翻译

Intercultural communication and translation Intercultural communication mainly refers to the communication between the native speakers and non-native speakers, as well as the communication between people who differ in any aspect of language or culture background. Due to the differences in surroundings, societies and religions of different ethnic groups, each language community results in its own code of language, social culture, customs and practices and so on. Intercultural communication studies situations when people from different culture backgrounds interact. Aside from language, IC focuses on social attributes, thought patterns and the cultures of different groups of people. IC also involves understanding the different cultures, languages and customs of people from other countries. There are three formats of IC: interracial communication (when source and receiver are different races), interethnic communication (situation in which the parties are of the same race but of different ethnic origins) and intracultural communication (communication between members of the same culture including racial, ethnic and other co-cultures). The term translation itself has several meanings: it can refer to the general subject field, the product (the text that has been translated) or the process (the act of producing the translation, otherwise known as translating). The process of translating between two different written languages involves the translator changing an original written text (the source text) in the original verbal language (the source language) into a written text (the target text) in a different verbal language (the target language). This type corresponds to “interlingual translation” and is one of the three Roman Jakobson in his seminal paper. Jakobson’s categories are: 1. Intralingual translation, or “rewording”– an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language; 2. Interlingual translation, or “translation proper”–an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language; 3. Intersemiotic translation, or “transmutation”– an interpretation of verbal signs by means of signs of non-verbal sign systems. Intralingual translation would occur when we rephrase an expression or text in the same language to explain or clarify something we might have said or written. Intersemiotic translation would occur if a written text were translated, for example, into music, film or painting. It is interlingual translation which is the traditional, although by no means exclusive, focus of translation studies. It is easily seen that the three forms of intercultural communication and the three types of translation are partly corresponding to each other, especially interracial communication and interlingual translation which both attach attention on the communication between native and non-native, and where different cultures of different countries play more important role. To conduct effective intercultural communication, one has to understand the differences between the different nations and then to look for them and pay attention to in every cross-cultural communication situation. By doing this, the high-context communicators can learn to use and respond words, emotions, postures differently, and low-context communicators can learn to

新编跨文化交际英语教程 参考答案

Unit 1 Communication Across Cultures Reading I Intercultural Communication：An Introduction Comprehension questions 1. Is it still often the case that “everyone?s quick to blame the alien” in the contemporary world? This is still powerful in today‘s soci al and political rhetoric. For instance, it is not uncommon in today‘s society to hear people say that most, if not all, of the social and economic problems are caused by minorities and immigrants. 2. What?s the difference between today?s intercultural contact and that of any time in the past? Today‘s intercultural encounters are far more numerous and of greater importance than in any time in history. 3. What have made intercultural contact a very common phenomenon in our life today? New technology, in the form of transportation and communication systems, has accelerated intercultural contact; innovative communication systems have encouraged and facilitated cultural interaction; globalization of the economy has brought people together; changes in immigration patterns have also contributed to intercultural encounter. 4. How do you understand the sentence “culture is everything and everywhere”? Culture supplies us with the answers to questions about what the world looks like and how we live and communicate within that world. Culture teaches us how to behave in our life from the instant of birth. It is omnipresent. 5. What are the major elements that directly influence our perception and communication? The three major socio-cultural elements that directly influence perception and communication are cultural values, worldview (religion), and social organizations (family and state). 6. What does one?s family teach him or her while he or she grows up in it? The family teaches the child what the world looks like and his or her place in that world. 7. Why is it impossible to separate our use of language from our culture? Because language is not only a form of preserving culture but also a means of sharing culture. Language is an organized, generally agreed-upon, learned symbol system that is used to represent the experiences within a cultural community. 8. What are the nonverbal behaviors that people can attach meaning to? People can attach meaning to nonverbal behaviors such as gestures, postures, facial expressions,eye contact and gaze, touch, etc. 9. How can a free, culturally diverse society exist? A free, culturally diverse society can exist only if diversity is permitted to flourish without prejudice and discrimination, both of which harm all members of the society. Reading II The Challenge of Globalization Comprehension questions 1. Why does the author say that our understanding of the world has changed? Many things, such as political changes and technological advances, have changed the world very rapidly. In the past most human beings were born, lived, and died within a limited geographical area, never encountering people of other cultural backgrounds. Such an existence, however, no longer prevails in the world. Thus, all people are faced with the challenge of understanding this changed and still fast changing world in which we live.

跨文化交际英语_阅读教程3课文翻译

第一单元 现代社会依赖于技术创新，而技术创新须依靠知识产权来保障越来越多的国家遵守国际条约，实行知识产权保护。但这方面做得还远远不够。我们来回顾一下过去，看看缺乏知识产权保护会导致什么样的后果，从而吸取教训。 许多西方公司付出了惨痛的代价才发现，知识产权保障机制还未健全时，在东南亚投资无异于将钱付诸东流。要进入这些市场，西方公司不仅必须向相关当局说明他们的产品，而且还要说明他们 产品的制作过程。而结果经常是本该受到知识产权保护的产品很快被无耻地抄袭。 盗用知识产权的例子不胜枚举。例如，美国化学制品巨头杜邦向一亚洲国家引进了一种名叫Londax的著名除草剂，用来除掉稻田里的杂草。该公司在该产品的研发上投资了数百万美元，而且又 投入了2500万美元在当地开设了一家生产厂家。然而，不到一年以后，一瓶瓶非常廉价的冒牌Londax公然上市了。冒牌产品和正宗产品除了价格外的唯一区别是冒牌产品的名称是Rondex，用的是蓝 色瓶而不是正宗产品用的绿色瓶。但是，由于冒牌产品的价格比正宗产品的价格低廉许多，它成功毁掉了杜邦公司的投资。同时它也使得该公司不再愿意投资于新化学制品的研发。生产Londax的配 方本应该被当作是杜邦公司的知识产权。其他非法使用该配方的公司是犯了偷盗行为，就像盗取了杜邦公司的机器或者该公司的其他财产一样。 不光是产品，在亚洲市场上保护一个品牌也曾经是几乎不可能的

事。就连Kellogg '玉米片的生产商Kellogg '公司也发现自己的产品被山寨：Kongal牌玉米条，连包装也几乎一模一样。不幸的是，和杜邦公司的事件一样，Kellogg '公司成功惩罚侵权者的几率几乎为零，因为当地的法律不承认知识产权保护的概念。 幸好，在经过许多轮世贸组织的谈判后，情况大为改观。然而，跨国公司必须保持警惕，以防被侵权。总有人试图从别人的研发、投资、商誉中牟利。如果成果得不到法律保护，创新就是空话。 如今你经常会听到知识产权”这个词一一通常是从产权者嘴里。这不是意外，所谓知识产权”可是能够让人挣大钱的，所以无数人想使你确信：知识产权是必需的，而不是忽悠全球消费者的大噱头。他们最有可能告诉你，知识产权应该受到保护，否则创新”无从谈起。可为什么搞出这样一种东西，也就是其他人都从里面挣钱，而你却什么也得不到？ 虽然这是个亟待处理的问题，但它还是种对于创新的狭隘观点 。 创新是一个合作的过程，是一种建立在无数人努力之上的社会进程 。 人们很自然地会去创新，会去合作，会去创造性地解决问题。从这个角度看，保护知识产权会阻碍创新，因为人们无法利用各自的创意，甚至是相似的创意，否则就得支付一大笔钱或者面临起诉。

中国文化英语教程文本

Part I Wisdom and Beliefs Unit 1 Confucian thought on heaven and humanity Confucius (551-479 BC), known in China as Kongzi, given name Qiu and alias Zhongni, was a native of Zouyi (present-day Qufu in Shandong Province) of the State of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC). A great thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism, Confucius is an ancient sage to the Chinese people. His words and life story were recorded by his disciples and their students in The Analects (Lunyu). Confucius on Heaven: the source of Everything In the Shang (1600-1046 BC) and Zhou (1046-256 BC) dynasties, the prevalent concept of “Heaven”was that of a personified god, which influenced Confucius. Generally, however, Confucius regarded “Heaven”as nature. He said, “Heaven does not speak in words. It speaks through the rotation of the four seasons and the growth of all living things.” Obviously, heaven equaled nature, in the eyes of Confucius. Moreover, nature was not a lifeless mechanism separate from humans; instead, it was the great world of life and the process of creation of life. Human life was part and parcel of nature as a whole. Confucius on People: ren and li Ren and Li are the two core concepts of Confucius’s doctrine about people. When his students Fan Chi asked him about ren, Confucius replied, “love people”. This is Confucius’ most important interpretation of ren. Love for the people is universal love. Confucius further emphasized that this kind of love should “begin with the love for one’s parents”. He believed no one could love people in general if they did not even love their own parents. Confucius regarded “filial piety and fraternal duty”as the essence of ren. The Doctrine of the Mean (Zhongyong) quotes Confucius as saying, “ The greatest love for people is the love for one’s parents.” He also said, “Children should not travel far while their parents are alive. If they have no choice but to do so, they must retain some restraint.” He did not mean that children should not leave their parents at all. What he meant was that children should not make the parents anxious about them while away from home. Confucius said again, “Children should think often of the age of their parents. They should feel happy for the health and longevity of their parents. They should also feel concern for the aging of their parents.” By ren, Confucius meant universal love based on love for one’s parents. How should people love one another then? Confucius said, “One should be aware that other people may have similar desires as oneself. While fulfilling one’s desires, allow others to fulfill their desires as well.” He further said, “Do not do toward others anything you would not want to be done to you.” Thus from oneself to one’s family, from family to society, one should extend love to all people. Mencius (c. 372-289 BC), a great Confucian scholar, best summarized ren as, “loving one’s parents, loving the people, loving everything in the world.” Li refers to rituals, traditions and norms in social life. Of these, Confucius regarded burial rituals and ancestral worship rituals as the most important, because they rose from human feelings. He said, “A child should not leave his parents’ bosom until he is three years old.” He naturally love his parents. The ritual of wearing mourning for a deceased parent for three years was an expression of the child’s love and remembrance. Confucius on the State of life

跨文化交际李成明unit2-A原文+翻译PDF

Unit 2 With the amazingly rapid development in transportation and information communication, people from different cultures interact more often than ever before, but misunderstandings even conflicts caused in the process of this interaction also grow increasingly. Just for this reason, much concern is focused upon the problem of how to help people interact and communicate successfully in a transcultural way. As a matter of fact, culture is not strange to us all. We hear, read and talk of it, such as Chinese culture, English culture, tea culture, campus culture and so on. But when it comes to the meaning of culture, it is notoriously difficult to define what culture really is or should be. 随着交通运输和信息交流的飞速发展，不同文化背景下的人们交往越来越频繁，但在交往过程中产生的误会甚至冲突也日益增多。正因为如此，人们关注的焦点是如何帮助人们以跨文化的方式成功地进行互动和交流。事实上，文化对我们大家来说并不陌生。我们听、读、谈它，如中国文化、英国文化、茶文化、校园文化等。但说到文化的意义，很难界定什么是真正的文化，什么应该是文化。 Text A The Concept of Culture Culture is notoriously difficult to define. In 1952, the American anthropologist, Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn, critically reviewed concepts and definitions of culture, and compiled a list of 164 different definitions. So far there is no agreement among anthropologists and scholars regarding the nature of culture. 众所周知，文化很难定义。1952年，美国植物学家阿尔弗雷德·克罗伯和克莱德·克鲁克汉对文化的概念和定义进行了批判性的重新审视，并编制了164个不同的定义清单。到目前为止，人类学家和学者对于文化的本质还没有达成一致意见。 Although the term culture is used by most of the social sciences today, over the years it has received its most precise and thorough definition from the discipline of anthropology. Whereas sociology has concentrated on the notion of society; economics on the concepts of production, distribution, and consumption; political science on the concept of power; anthropology has focused on the culture concept. From anthropology nineteenth-century beginnings, culture has been central to both ethnology and archaeology and has been an important, if not major, concern of physical anthropology. Anthropology, through its constant examining of different life ways throughout space and time, has done more than any other scientific discipline to refine our understanding of the concept of culture. 尽管今天大多数社会科学都使用“文化”这个词，但多年来，它从人类学学科中得到了最精确、最彻底的定义。而社会学则集中于社会概念；经济学则集中于生产、分配和消费概念；政治学则集中于权力概念；人类学则集中于文化概念。从19世纪的人类学开始，文化就一直是民族学和考古学的中心，并且一直是一个重要的，如果不是主要的，对物质人类学的关注。人类学通过对整个空间和时间中不同生活方式的不断研究，比任何其他科学学科都更能完善我们对文化概念的理解。 In nonscientific usage, the term culture refers to personal refinements such as classical music, the fine arts ，world philosophy and gourmet cuisine. For example，according to this popular use of the term, the cultured person listens to Bach rather than Eminem, can distinguish between the

(完整版)新编跨文化交际英语教程翻译1-10单元

1 Translation 纵观历史，我们可以清楚地看到，人们由于彼此所处地域、意识形态、容貌服饰和行为举止上存在的差异，而长久无法互相理解、无法和睦相处。在这种情况下，跨文化交际作为一个特定的研究领域得以形成和发展。值得注意的是，人类文明在发展过程中所遭受的许多挫折，既是个人的，又是全球性的；人类历史进程总是充满了个人间的直接冲突和民族间的误解——从骂骂咧咧到孤立主义直至到武装冲突，大大小小争端不绝。 很显然，文化间以及亚文化间的交往比以前多了，这迫切要求我们共同努力，去理解有着不同信仰和文化背景的人们，并与之和睦相处。通过加深认识和理解，我们能够与生活方式、价值观念不同的人们和平共处；这不但有益于我们周遭环境的安定，也是维护世界和平的决定性因素。 2 Translation 文化有时候被称为我们的心智程序，我们“头脑的软件”。但是，我们可以进一步引申这个用电脑所做的类比，把文化看作是支持运行的操作环境。文化就像电脑使用的DOS或者Unix或者“视窗”（Windows）等操作系统一样，使我们能在各种各样的实际应用中处理信息。用“视窗”这个比喻来描述文化似乎也很有吸引力。文化就是我们心灵的视窗，透过它我们审视生活的方方面面。一个社会中不同个体的视窗是不大一样的，但都有着一些重要的共同特征。 文化就好像是鱼畅游于其中的水一般，人们想当然地把文化看成是客观存在的事实，因而很少去研究它。文化存在于我们所呼吸的空气之中，文化对于我们了解我们自身之为何物是必不可少的，就正如生命离不开空气一样。文化是特定群体的共有财产，而不单是个体的特征。社会按照文化设定的程序运作，这种程序来自于相似的生活体验以及对这种生活体验之含义的相似阐释。 如果文化是一种心智程序，那么它也是现实的心灵地图。从我们很小的时候开始，文化就告诉我们应该看重什么、偏好什么、规避什么和做些什么，文化还告诉我们事物应该是什么样。文化为我们提供超越个体经验可能的理想典范，帮助我们决定应该优先考虑的人或事。文化为我们建立起行为准则，并视遵守这些准则的行为为正当、合法。 3 Translation 43

中国文化英语教程复习课件综合版

Review Outline for "English Introduction to Chinese Culture Course" Overview & Introduction: See the picture on the right, and describe them in English. Video: This is China BBC: Wild China Full Name of China: PRC-People's Republic of China National Flag: the red five-star flag Party in power: CPC-Communist Party of China CPPCC-Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference National Emblem Key words: Forbidden City/ Imperial Palace; Temple of Heaven; Summer Palace; Ming Tombs; The world-renowned Badaling section of the Great Wall; to be added more... Enjoy videos: NBC北京奥运会片头 《北京欢迎你》 Geography Location Southeast Asia , the Pacific Ocean, the world‘s third largest country. million square kilometers, 18,000 kilometers, a rooster. northern end: Mohe, Heilongjiang Province, south: Zengmu Ansha west: Pamirs east: the conjunction of the Heilongjiang (Amur) River and the Wusuli (Ussuri) River. Boundary East: Korea North: Mongalia Northeast: Russia Northwest: Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan West & Southwest: Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan South: Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam

新编跨文化交际英语教程课文翻译

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《英语跨文化交际》课程教学大纲-

《英语跨文化交际》课程教学大纲 课程编号：1233201 课程名称：英语跨文化交际 总学时：16学时 试验或上机学时：无 先修课及后续课：先修课：涉外礼仪 一、课程说明 1.课程性质：本课程是继《涉外礼仪》之后的专业必修课。 2.教学目标及意义： 本课程是与专业基础课同时开设的专业课，旨在通过学习跨文化交际基础理论，结合涉外礼仪实践，分析跨文化交际案例，提高跨文化交际意识，并在语言学习的同时，更多关注相关国家的文化，特别是通过与本族文化的对比，提高跨文化交际能力。 3. 教学内容与教学要求： 英语专业教学大纲强调，在语言学习过程中要培养学生的跨文化交际意识，增强对文化差异的敏感性和宽容性，提高处理跨文化交际冲突的灵活性，即跨文化交际能力。 跨文化交际能力包括语言运用能力，相关国家文化知识以及相关专业的能力和交流能力。通常认为语言运用能力特指外语知识和外语技能，忽视了学习者对目的语国家的文化知识的要求，特别是灵活运用已有的本国和目的国的相同之处，相似之处和差异进行跨文化交流的能力。 交际的主要媒介是语言但语言并非唯一的媒介。诸多非语言手段，如手势，面部表情，时间和空间的使用等，都具有重要的交际功能。而任何交际，无论是语言的还是非语言的，都是在特定文化环境中进行的，必然受到该文化中价值观念、思维方式、传统习惯、交往规约等的影响和制约。因此，这些文化内涵也是交际能力的重要组成部分。 不同文化之间，在方方面面都存在明显的差异。实践证明，文化背景不同的人进行交际时，这些差异常常成为障碍。要减少此类交际障碍，促成有效交流，跨文化意识与跨文化交际能力必不可少。 任何人都生活在特定的文化之中，思想、语言、行为等都受到该文化的影响与支配。 文化意识即指对此有清醒的认识。跨文化意识首先涉及对文化多元的认识。对文化而言，既有国别文化的不同，一国之内亦有主流文化与种种亚文化之分，同时个体间的差异也不容忽视。因此，不能理所当然地以本文化的规则来评价不同文化背景人的交际行为。 其次，不同文化间既有异（个性），也有同（共性），要辩证的看待文化。另外，应该树立文化平等观。文化没有高低优劣之分，跨文化交际目的是理解和沟通，促进各民族间的长期友谊和共同发展，在培养文化意识和跨文化意识的同时，还要认真思考汉语与英语文化在主要方面的异同之处，分析跨文化交际中可能出现的问题及其对应策略。 本课程以语言学习为前提，强调在语言学习的过程中提高利用外语进行跨文化交际的能力，通过对交际与语言，语言与文化，文化与价值观的学习和讨论，提高跨文化交际意识；通过对文化现象的思考和讨论，反思语言学习过程，增加对文化差异的敏感性； 通过课堂活动和案例学习，提高跨文化交际意识和能力，达到有效交流的目的。 4. 教学重点和难点： 本课程内容包括：交际与文化，语言与文化，文化与价值观，语言交际和非语言交际，

(完整word版)大学英语跨文化交际教程课后答案完整版

期末考试范围 ? 1. 阅读理解2篇（20%） ? 2. 选词填空：15个句子（15个备选项，课后的key concepts,概念的词为主。（15%） ?eg: ———the belief that any individual, no matter how poor, can achieve wealth and fame through diligence and virtue. ? 3. 简答题：课后comprehension questions和case study( 课内或者稍微改动的）。（25%） 4. 实用写作：一封信什么的（格式）（10%） 5. 写作：给出某个文化现象观点，运用所学文化差异进行评论 （comment)。（30%） 如: 说给一个关于教育的话题（文化现象），我们要用所学的中 美教育差异进行评论，议论文形式。 价值观，家庭观，社会关系朋友观，饮食观，教育观，时间观等 篇目：Unit1: A B C Unit2 A Unit3 A B Unit5A Unit6A Unit7 A Unit10 B Unit1 A Key concepts reservation: 谦逊的coldness: 冷静的 modesty：谦虚的 humor：幽默的 sportsmanship：运动员精神 Q1、what is a reserved person like? Answer: A reserved person is one who does not talk very much to strangers, does not show much emotion, and seldom gets excited. Q2、what is the character of the Englishmen? Answer: reserved 、humor、modesty、cold、sportsmanship. Q3、what is sportsmanship? Answer: sportsmanship is the ability to practice a sport according to its rules, while also showing generosity to one’s opponent and good temper in defeat. Case study Q、What made the British feel quite unhappy in this situation?