so和such用法及区别全解

so和such用法及区别全解

such和so两个单词意思相近，使用时很容易混淆。其实，这两个单词的用法并不相同，首先要注意的是，它们的词性不同；such

为形容词，意为“这（那）样的；这（那）种；如此的”，主要修饰名词；如：

No such thing has ever happened. I have never seen such a beautiful place before.

而so是副词，意为“这（那）么；这（那）样；如此地”，主要修饰形容词、副词和分词。如：

Last time I saw him he was so fat! He was not so much angry as disappointed.

但是，such和so都可以用于名词词组。本文主要介绍一下它们在名词词组中的用法。

一、后接可数名词的单数形式

1、直接跟名词时，用such；如：

However did you make such a mistake? I have never heard of such a thing.

Why are you in such a hurry? ēQ|ほīｗwW．CＩHＵｉ．Ｂｉｚ∏θ∫ミ

注意：当such前面有no时，必须省去不定冠词a(an)，因为no such 本身已经包括了不定冠词，相当于not such a(an)；如：

I have no such book. (= I haven’t such a book.)

2、跟带有形容词的名词时，既可以用such，也可以用so，但应注

意冠词位置的不同，如：

I have never seen such a tall man. I have never seen so tall a man.

He is not such a clever boy as his brother. He is not so clever a boy as his brother.

二、后接可数名词的复数形式或集合名词，无论有无修饰语都用such，如：Such things often happen in our daily life. Such people are dangerous.

Whales are such smart animals that they communicate with each other.

He made such stupid mistakes that the teacher tore up the whole paper.

三、后接不可数名词，无论有无修饰语都用such，如：

Did you ever see such weather? You can’t drink such hot milk.

She made such rapid progress that she soon began to write articles in English.

四、当复数名词或集合名词之前有few，many；不可数名词之前有little，much修饰时，用so，如：

so many people / so many students / so few days

so much time / so much money / so little time等。

注意：上述词组中的so实际上修饰名词前的形容词。比较下列两

句：

①I have met many such people in my life.

②I didn’t expect to meet so many p eople there.

上述两句中都有many，但却分别用了such和so，其位置不同，因此含义也不同。在①中，many和such同时修饰后面的名词；而②句中的so修饰的则是many。

五、当many、much、little、few单独作为名词使用时，用so；如：There are so few that I can’t give you one.

This is the girl I have told you so much about.

So much for today.

六、such可以和all、some、other、another、one、no、many、any、few、several等词同时修饰一个名词，但它的位置通常是放在这些词的后面，如：

All such possibilities must be considered. I need some such cards.

One such dictionary is enough for me.

We have had several such Chinese paintings already.

I hope never to meet with another such accident.

一,so的常见用法

1.当so作副词,修饰形容词或副词时,表示程度,意为"这么","那么".如:

Don' t be so silly.

别那么傻.

He ran so fast.

他跑得那么快.

2.如果so后无形容词,则so不能与名词连用.如:

I' ve never seen so tall a child(=such a tall child).

我从未见过个儿那么高的小孩.

切不可以说"He is so a child."

但是,so little,so much可与不可数名词连用,so few,so many可与复数名词连用.如: Tom ate so much food a meal.

汤姆一餐吃了那么多的食物.

There' re so few people in the hall.

大厅里的人很少.

3.So…that 意为"如此……以至于……",是一个常见句型,也是中考常考的句型.如:

Jane' s leg was so painful that she couldn' t move at all.

简的腿那么疼,以至于根本动不了.

该句型还可以转换成"So + adj.+ a/an+名词"结构.如:

Mike is so clever a boy that all like him.

麦克这么聪明,大家都喜欢他.

so that意为"以便","为的是",引导目的状语从句(该目的状语通常用情态动词作谓语)如: They can help you to compare two different products so that you can buy the one you really like.

他们能帮助你比较两种不同的产品,以便你能买到自己真正喜欢的.

so that从句还可表示结果,意为"因此", 如:

His pen is missing,so that he hasn' t done his homework.

他的笔不见了,因此他无法完成作业.

4.so与动词say,tell,think,believe,suppose等连用,可以替代一个意义完整的宾语从句.如:

Is she a top student in her class Yes,I think so.

她是她们班最好的学生吗是的,我想是这样.

so与动词do连用,意为"这样做",以避免重复前面的有关内容.而if so意为"如果是这样".如:

He did so in order to help her.

他这样做是为了帮助她.

Are you a student If so(=If you are ),may I have your name,please

你是学生吗如果是,请问你叫什么名字

5."So + be/其他助动词/情态动词+ 主语"是倒装结构,意为"同样","也".这一结构在中考试题中也经常出现.如:

—I usually go to bed at night.

—So do I.

—我通常晚上睡觉.

—我也是.

6.so作连词,表示结果,意为"所以","因此".如:

—How do you like this shirt

—It' s beautiful and it fits me well,so (that) I 1ike it very much.

—你喜欢这件衬衣吗

—它既漂亮又很合身,因此我非常喜欢.

7."not so +adj./adv.(原级)+as"是一个常见的比较级句型,也是中考常考的句型,意思是"不如","不及".如:

The man doesn' t work so hard as me.

这个人工作不如我努力.

二,such的常见用法

1.such是限定词,常和名词连用,意为"如此的","这样的".如:

She is such a kind woman.

她是一个如此善良的女人.

Grandpa often told us such funny stories.

爷爷常给我们讲这么有趣的故事.

Don't go out in such bad weather.

天气这么糟,不要

1.so可以用作连词，表示“因此，所以”。

例：I heard some noise outside, so I went out of the room to see why.

so that作为连词词组，表示“以便，为了”。

例：The vase is put high on the table, so that it won’t be broken.

2.so可以用作形容词，表示“是这样的，是真的”。

例：The newspapers claim she killed him in self defence but that just isn’t so.

3.so可以用作副词，表示——

1)“如此，这么”结构为：so+adj./adv

例：She was so tired that she fell asleep very fast.

表示此意思时，还可以用：so+adj.+a/an+n.

例：It is so good a movie that everyone who saw it praises it very much.

2)“如此，如是”，用于表示已经提到的想法，建议或情况等

例：“Will I need my umbrella?”

“I think so.”

3)“也是，也一样”结构为so+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语

例：Tony takes exercise every day and so does his younger brother.

注意否定句应把so改为neither/nor，结构为neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语

例：Jenny has never been late for class.Neither/Nor her younger brother.

4)“确实是这样”，表示对前面陈述事实的强调，结构为so+主语+助动词/情态动词/be动词

例：Tony works very hard at all the subjects.So he does.

5)“似乎，那么”，表示惊讶、不同意或者嘲讽

例：So you think you've got troubles?

常见结构：and so on/and so forth：等等；so as to(do)：以便；so that+从句：以便

例：We eat different vegetables， such as tomato，potato，celery，and so on.

They got up early so as to catch the first bus.

They got up so early that they could catch the first bus.

6)有时可与并列连词and连用，构成习语and so（相当于so）：He told me to do it and so I did it.他叫我那么做，所以我就做了。

He worked hard and so he succeeded.他勤奋巩固走，所以他取

得了成功。

There was so much to eat and so few people to eat it.有这

么多东西可吃，而吃的人又这么少。

I forgot to post the letter, and so she never heard about my divorce.我忘了寄那封信了，所以她一直不知道我离婚的事。

4.不要按汉语意思将“因为…所以…”直译为“because…so…：误：Because he was ill, so he couldn’t come. (去掉because 或so中任意一个)

so的用法：

副词 adv. （表示程度）这样；如此地

word that one says when one tells how much, how big,etc. something or someone is · Don't walk so fast.

别走得这样快。

· The bag is so heavy that I can't carry it.

这个袋子太重了，我拿不动。

· It is not so good as I thought.

它没有我想的那么好。

· It was so cold that I wore two sweaters.

天气是那么冷，我穿了两件毛衣。

副词 adv. 非常；很

very

· You are so kind.

你真好。

· Why are you so late?

你为什么这样晚呢？

· I am so glad to see you.

我看到你很高兴。

副词 adv. 这样；那样

in this way;in that way

· Hold your pen so.

这样拿笔。

· Don't shout so!

不要这样大声喊叫！

· And so the months and years went by.

就这样，一月月、一年年地过去了。

副词 adv. 也；同样

also

· Carol is very pretty and so is her sister.

卡罗尔很漂亮，她姐姐也很漂亮。

· He likes skating and so do I.

他喜欢滑冰，我也喜欢。

· Dick speaks French and so does his brother.

狄克讲法语，他弟弟也讲法语。

副词 adv. （表示同意）是的

word to show that one agrees

· 'Tomorrow is a holiday.''So it is.'

“明天是休假日。”“的确是。”

副词 adv. 因而；所以

therefore

· I was busy with my studies and so did not take the job. 我忙于学习，所以没有接受那个工作。

连词 conj. 所以；结果是

for this reason;for that reason

· Speak clearly,so they may understand you.

说得清楚一些，好让他们听懂你的话。

· I didn't go to bed until eleven last night,so I got up late. 昨晚我十一时才睡觉，因此今天起床晚了。

· It was late, so I went home.

天晚了，所以我就回家了。

· The shop is closed, so I can't buy the bread.

商店关门了，所以我不能买面包。

感叹词 int. （感叹词）表示惊讶

(exclam. word) that shows one is a little surprised · So you've come back again!

你又回来了！

· So here we are again.

啊，我们又在这儿了。

· So we will do what you want.

好！我们将照你希望的去做。

代词 pron. 这样；如此

that which is as mentioned before

· I hope so.

我希望如此。

代词 pron. 或多或少；左右

(or so) more or less

· He must be thirty or so.

他一定有三十多岁了。

· She worked an hour or so on her spelling lesson. 她用了一个小时左右的时间学习拼读课。

代词 pron. 同样地

the same

· I am a good citizen and I will stay so.

我是个好公民，今后仍然是。

· and so on

诸如此类；等等

· We study Politics,Chinese,English and so on.

我们学政治、中文、英文等等。

such可以分为三种不同的词性。

一、形容词的用法

1.such做形容词，是最常见、也是最简单的用法，起到一种强调作用。

She's got such talent. 她很有天赋。

We're having such a wonderful time. 我们过得很愉快。

I've had such a shock.我大吃一惊。

Why are you in such a hurry? 为什么你这么匆忙？

2.注意上面的第二个例子，"such a wonderful time"。

通常情况下，如果such与名词之间还带有形容词，这时不提倡使用such，因为会引起歧义。而要说"so wonderful a time"或者"a time so wonderful"。

3.当句子末尾加上that引导从句，形成such...that结构时，表示因为前面提到的原因，引起了某种结果。

He speaks to me in such a way that I always feel he is insulting me. 他总是用那种方式跟我说话，总是使得我觉得受到了侮辱。

It was such a boring speech (that) I fell asleep. 这是个乏味的演说，使得我睡着了。

二、限定词的用法

4.所谓“限定词”，指的是对名词的涵义加以限制的词。又分为后对应限定和前对应限定两种。

5.前对应限定的such，指的是前面提到过的某一种类。

He noticed her necklace. Such jewels must have cost thousands, he thought. 他注意到了她的项链。这一定值几千元，他想。

This isn't the only story of crulty to children. Many such cases are reported

every day. 这并非虐待儿童的唯一事件。每天都有许多类似案例被报道。

6.后对应限定的such，指的是后面将要提到的某一种类。通常使用such ... as/that ...的结构。

Such a disaster as this had never happened to her before.以前她从未遇到过这样的灾难。

The knot was fastened in such a way that it was impossible to undo.

这个结打得很牢固，根本解不开。

Such advice as he was given proved almost worthless.他得到的那些建议，被证明毫无价值。

He's not such a fool as he looks. 他并非看上去那样蠢。

注意，规范的用法是，这时应避免使用such...that，而只使用such...as，方便与前面的第3点相区分。

三、代词的用法

7.such做代词的时候，也分为前指代和后指代两种。

8.前指代的意思是，指代前面提到过的某个人或某件事。通常，这时指代的是前面整句话的涵义。

Cricket was boring. Such was her opinion befor meeting Ian.

板球很乏味。遇到Ian之前，她一直这么认为。

She's a competent manager and has always been regarder as such by her colleagues.

她是一个能干的经理。同事们一直这样看待她。

9.后指代的意思是，指代后面提到的某个人或某件事。这时通常采用such as to do sth或such that的结构。

Such is the influence of TV that it can make a person famous overnight.

这就是电视的影响，它可以使人一夜成名。

The pain in her foot wasn't such as to stop her walking. 她脚上的痛，还没有到妨碍走路的地步。

The damage was such that it would cost too much to repair. 损害很严重，

要用很多钱才能修好。

四、词组 such as 和 as such

10.such as可以连在一起，作为词组使用，意思是“比如、就像”，同like类似。

Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare.

像兰花和樱草花那样的野花，越来越少见了。

Large and important projects such as this one often take years to develop.

类似这一个的大型重要项目，需要好多年才能发展起来。

11.词组as such通常用在词尾，其实只是代词用法的一个引申，或者表示“像看上去那样”。 If this is not genuine champagne, it should not be labelled as such.

既然这不是真的香槟酒，就不应该这样标识。

The new job is not promotion as such but it has good prospects.

新工作并非真的升职，不过前景不错。

五、莎士比亚著作中的such例句

12.such是一个很老的词，莎士比亚就经常用。下面是一些从他著作中选出的例句。

Good night, good night! parting is such sweet sorrow,

Romeo and Juliet: II, ii

良宵，良宵！此时分别真是甜蜜又悲伤。

《罗密欧与朱丽叶》第二幕，第二场

We are such stuff as dreams are made on, and our little life is rounded with a sleep. The Tempest: IV, iv

构成我们的料子也就是那梦幻的料子，我们短暂的一生，前后都环绕在酣睡之中。

《暴风雨》第四幕，第四场

Alas, our frailty is the cause, not we: For such as we are made of, such we be. The Twelfth Night

唉，原因在于我们的弱点，而非我们：因为我们由什么材料制成，就会成为什么样子。

《第十二夜》

I had rather be a dog, and bay the moon, than such a Roman.

Julius Caesar: IV, iii

我宁愿做一只向月亮狂吠的狗，也不愿做这样一个罗马人。

《尤利乌斯·恺撒》第四幕，第三场

Teach not thy lip such scorn, for it was made For kissing, lady, not for such contempt. KING RICHARD III: I, ii

何必如此出言讥讽，夫人，天生你可亲吻的香唇，不是给你做侮蔑之用的。

《理查三世》第一幕，第三场

We were, fair queen, Two lads that thought there was no more behind. But such a day to-morrow as

to-day. And to be boy eternal.

The Winter's Tale: I, ii

我们那时是两个不知道有将来的孩子，以为明天就跟今天一样，永远是个孩子。

《明天的故事》第一幕，第二场

一、such as 的七个用法

1. 表示举例，意为“例如，诸如此类的，像……那样的”，相当于like或for example。如：

There are few poets such as Keats and Shelly. 像济慈和雪莱这样的诗人现在很少了。

Adverbs are used to modify verbs, such as “quickly” in “she ran fast”. 副词用来修饰动词，例如“她跑得快”中的“快”。

Animals such as rabbits and deer continue to be active all winter，finding food where ver they can . 像兔和鹿这样的动物整个冬天都是很活跃的，它们到处寻找食物。

用于此义时的几点说明：

(1)这类结构既可表现为“名词+such as+例子”，也可表现为“such+名词+as+例子”。如：

I enjoy songs such as this one.= I enjoy such songs as this one. 我喜欢像这首歌一

样的歌。

(2)若后接动词，通常用动名词，有时也可用动词原形。如：

Don’t do anything silly such as marry him. 不要做什么蠢事，比如说去嫁给他。

Magicians often perform tricks such as pulling a rabbit out of a hat. 魔术师常常变从帽子里抓出兔子的戏法。

(3)不要按汉语意思将such as用作such like。

(4)其后不可列出前面所提过的所有东西。如：

正：I know four languages, such as Japanese and English. 我懂四种语言，如日语、英语。

误：I know four languages, such as Chinese, French, Japanese and English. 我懂四种语言，如汉语、法语、日语和英语。

(5)在现代英语中，such as可与etc. 连用。如：

They planted many flowers, such as roses, sunflowers，etc. 他们种了许多种花，如玫瑰花、向日葵等。

They export a 1ot of fruits，such as oranges，lemons，etc. 他们出口许多水果，如桔子、柠檬等。

2. 表示“像……这样的”，其中的as 用作关系代词，引导定语从句，as 在定语从句中用作主语或宾语。此外，不要按汉语意思把该结构中的as 换成like。如：He is not such a fool as he looks. 他并不像他看起来那么傻。

Such men as he (is) are rare now. 现在像他这样的人很少了。

3. 表示“凡是……的人(或事物)”、“所有……的人(事物)”，其意相当于everything that, all those, those that (who)等。其中的such 为先行词，as 为关系代词。如：Take such (things) as you need. 你需要什么就拿什么。

You may choose such as you prefer. 你可挑选自己想要的东西。

Such (people) as have knowledge and skill will not want to work. 有知识和技能的人不愁没有工作。

4. 有时such as 整个儿用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句。如：

We had hoped to give you a chance such as nobody else ever had. 我们本来希望给你一个别人从未有过的机会。

Then I left it，feeling a weight at my heart such as I had never had before. 然后我离开那里，心头感到一种前所未有的沉重心情。

5. 用于such…as to do sth，表示结果，其中的such为限定语，as to do sth 表示结果。如：

It was such a loud noise as to wake everybody in the house. 声音很大，屋里的所有人都被吵醒了。

You shouldn’t put such high prices as to frighten your customers off. 你不应该要价

这么高，以致把顾客都吓跑了。

6. 用于such as to do sth，表示程度或结果。其中的such是代词，as to do sth引出的结构作程度状语或结果状语。如：

Her illness was not such as to cause anxiety. 她的病不是很重，不必担心。

The pain in her foot wasn’t such as to stop her walking. 她脚疼，但还不至于不能行走。

7. 用于such as it is构成习语，表示让步，意思是“尽管不怎么好”“尽管不一定正确”“尽管没什么价值或重要性”。如：

The food, such as it is, is plentiful. 食物不是很好，但量很多。

You may use my bike, such as it is. 尽管我的自行车不好，你可以将就着用吧。

You’re welcome to join us for supper, such as it is—we’re only having soup and bre ad. 欢迎你和我们一起吃晚饭，只是没什么好吃的——只有汤和面包。