词法翻译

2012-2013（1）研究生英语翻译理论与实践1

词法翻译

一、词义的选择

（一）根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义。

?Like charges repel; unlike charges attract.

?He likes mathematics more than physics.

?In the sunbeam passing through the window there are fine grains of dust shining like gold.

?Like knows like.

（二）根据上下文联系以及词在句中的搭配关系选择和确定词义。

?He is the last man to come.

?He is the last man to do it.

?He is the last person for such a job.

?He should be the last man to blame.

?He is the last man to consult.

?This is the last place where I expected to meet you.

?An area the si ze of the Hornet’s flight deck was marked off on an airstrip and they

practiced taking off time after time from this restricted space.

?He always sits on the very edge of his chair when he is working, as though about to take

off.

二、词义的引申

（一）将词义抽象化的引申

1. 将表示具体形象的词译成该形象所代表的属性的词。

?There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of him.

?Every life has roses and thorns.

? 2. 将带有特征性形象的词译成该形象所代表的概念的词。

?In fact, the Bavarian environment was so charged with Nazi sentiment throughout the

1920s that Hit ler’s storm troops goosestepped into power in Furth in 1930.

?See-sawing between partly good and faintly ominous, the news for the next four weeks

was never distinct.

（二）将词义具体化的引申

?The car in front of me stalled and I missed the green.

?Jewish-owned shops were shut down. Swastikas replaced six-pointed stars. The walls of

anti-Semitism were closing in.

三、词义的褒贬

?（一）有些词本身就有褒贬意义，翻译时就应相应地表达出来。

?He was a man of high renown.

?His notoriety as a rake did not come until his death.

?The tasks carried out by them are praiseworthy.

?Henry keeps boasting that he has talked to the President.

?“He was polite and always gave advice willingly,” she recalled.

?We were shocked by his coarse manners.

?(二) 有些词的词义是中立的，本身不表示褒义或贬义，但在一定的上下文中可能有

褒贬的意味，翻译时就应该用具有褒贬意味的相应词来表达。

?“After all”, counseled Sonnenfelt, “you’re the only Republican I know with the proper

academic credentials.” Kissinger demurred. Such an offer, he said, was highly unlikely.

?He was a man of integrity, but unfortunately he had certain reputation. I believe the

reputation was not deserved.

?He had lied to me and made me the tool of his wicked deeds.

?As a demanding boss, he expected loyalty and dedication from employees.

Put the following into Chinese, paying attention to the word “charge”.

1. He was charged with murder.

2. With a final effort, the troops charged the enemy for the last time.

3. How much do you charge for mending the shoes?

4. Please charge the shaver for me for I will use it tomorrow.

5. Mr. Wilson charged the drinks to his room.

6. Demonstrators have charged that the police used excessive force against them.

参考答案

一、词义的选择

（一）根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义。

Like charges repel; unlike charges attract.

相同的电荷相斥；不同的电荷相吸。

He likes mathematics more than physics.

他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理。

In the sunbeam passing through the window there are fine grains of dust shining like gold.

在射入窗内的阳光里，细微的尘埃象金子一般在闪闪发亮。（介词）

Like knows like.

英雄识英雄。

（二）根据上下文联系以及词在句中的搭配关系选择和确定词义。

He is the last man to come.

他是最后来的。

He is the last man to do it.

他是绝不会干那件事的。

He is the last person for such a job.

他最不配干这个工作。

He should be the last man to blame.

怎么也不该怪他。

He is the last man to consult.

根本不宜找他商量。

This is the last place where I expected to meet you.

我怎么也没想到会在这个地方见到你。

An area the size of the Hornet’s flight deck was marked off on an airstrip and they practiced taking off time after time from this restricted space.

机场上标出了大黄蜂号甲板一样大小的一块地方。他们一次又一次地练习在这样一块有限的范围内起飞。

He always sits on the very edge of his chair when he is working, as though about to take off.

他工作时总是坐在椅子边上，好像随时都会跳起身来的样子。

二、词义的引申

（一）将词义抽象化的引申。

There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of him.

他的性格即残暴又狡猾。

Every life has roses and thorns.

每个人的生活都有苦有甜。（每个人的生活都有悲有喜。）

In fact, the Bavarian environment was so charged with Nazi sentiment throughout the 1920s that Hitler’s storm troops goosestepped into power in Furth in 1930…

事实上，在整个二十年代，纳碎党在巴伐利亚一带已博得公众好感，以至于在1930年希特勒的冲锋队员就耀武扬威地夺取了菲尔特市（德国西部城市）的权利。

See-sawing between partly good and faintly ominous, the news for the next four weeks was never distinct.

在那以后的四个星期，消息时而有所好转，时而又有点不妙，两种情况不断交替出现，一直

没有明朗化。

（二）将词义作具体化的引申。

The car in front of me stalled and I missed the green.

我前面的那辆车停了。我错过了绿灯。

Jewish-owned shops were shut down. Swastikas replaced six-pointed stars.The walls of anti-Semitism were closing in.

犹太人的铺子关闭了。卐字旗取代了六角星旗。反犹太主义的包围圈一天紧似一天。

三、词义的褒贬

（一）有些词本身就有褒贬意义，翻译时就应相应地表达出来。

He was a man of high renown.

他是位有名望的人。

His notoriety as a rake did not come until his death.

他作为流氓的恶名是死后才传开的。

The tasks carried out by them are praiseworthy.

他们进行的事业是值得赞扬的。

Henry keeps boasting that he has talked to the President.

亨利总是吹嘘他曾同总统谈过话。

“He was polite and always gave advice willingly,” she recal led.

她回忆说：“他彬彬有礼，总是诲人不倦。”

We were shocked by his coarse manners.

我们对他粗暴的态度感到震惊。

(二) 有些词的词义是中立的，本身不表示褒义或贬义，但在一定的上下文中可能有褒贬的意味，翻译时就应该用具有褒贬意味的相应词来表达。

“After all”, counseled Sonnenfelt, “you’re the only Republican I know with the proper academic credentials.” Kissinger demurred. Such an offer, he said, was highly unlikely.

索南费迩特说，“共和党里我知道只有你一个人具有这样适当的学术方面的条件。”基心格免不了谦虚一番，说恐怕不大可能给他这样的职位吧。

He was a man of integrity, but unfortunately he had certain reputation. I believe the reputation was not deserved.

他是一个正直诚实的人，但不幸有某种坏名声。我相信他这个坏名声是不该有的。

He had lied to me and made me the tool of his wicked deeds.

他欺骗了我，使我成了他进行罪恶勾当的工具。

As a demanding boss, he expected total loyalty and dedication from his employees.

他是个苛刻的老板，要求手下人对他忠心耿耿，鞠躬尽瘁。

词法翻译

2012-2013（1）研究生英语翻译理论与实践1 词法翻译 一、词义的选择 （一）根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义。 ?Like charges repel; unlike charges attract. ?He likes mathematics more than physics. ?In the sunbeam passing through the window there are fine grains of dust shining like gold. ?Like knows like. （二）根据上下文联系以及词在句中的搭配关系选择和确定词义。 ?He is the last man to come. ?He is the last man to do it. ?He is the last person for such a job. ?He should be the last man to blame. ?He is the last man to consult. ?This is the last place where I expected to meet you. ?An area the si ze of the Hornet’s flight deck was marked off on an airstrip and they practiced taking off time after time from this restricted space. ?He always sits on the very edge of his chair when he is working, as though about to take off. 二、词义的引申 （一）将词义抽象化的引申 1. 将表示具体形象的词译成该形象所代表的属性的词。 ?There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of him. ?Every life has roses and thorns. ? 2. 将带有特征性形象的词译成该形象所代表的概念的词。 ?In fact, the Bavarian environment was so charged with Nazi sentiment throughout the 1920s that Hit ler’s storm troops goosestepped into power in Furth in 1930. ?See-sawing between partly good and faintly ominous, the news for the next four weeks was never distinct. （二）将词义具体化的引申 ?The car in front of me stalled and I missed the green. ?Jewish-owned shops were shut down. Swastikas replaced six-pointed stars. The walls of anti-Semitism were closing in. 三、词义的褒贬 ?（一）有些词本身就有褒贬意义，翻译时就应相应地表达出来。 ?He was a man of high renown. ?His notoriety as a rake did not come until his death. ?The tasks carried out by them are praiseworthy. ?Henry keeps boasting that he has talked to the President. ?“He was polite and always gave advice willingly,” she recalled. ?We were shocked by his coarse manners. ?(二) 有些词的词义是中立的，本身不表示褒义或贬义，但在一定的上下文中可能有

英语翻译答案

汉译英 1.广场舞是社区中老年居民以健身、社交等为目的在广场、公园等开敞的地方进行的健身操或舞蹈，通常以高分贝的音乐伴奏。广场舞在中国大陆无论南北皆十分普遍。对于广场舞的确切认识，社会学界及体育界目前均未达成共识。广场舞的高分贝音乐常常造成噪音滋扰，因此许多居民反对在小区中跳广场舞。 The square dancing is a bodybuilding exercise or dance performed in wide and open places such as squares and parks among the middle-aged and old residents in communities, with the purpose of bodybuilding, socializing and so on, generally accompanied with high-pitched music. The square dancing is very popular all over mainland China, whether in the north or in the south. Neither the sociological circle nor the sports circle has currently reached a consensus on the exact perception of the square dancing. The high-pitched music of the square dancing often causes noisy disruption, and therefore many residents are opposed to the square dancing in communities. 2.故宫，又称紫禁城，是明、清两代的皇宫，二十四位皇帝在此生活起居和处理政务。它是世界现存最大、最完整的木质结构的古建筑群(architectural complex)。宫殿墙壁的色调以红色和黄色为主,红色代表快乐、好运和财富，而黄色代表帝王的神圣和尊贵。近十几年来，故宫平均每年接待中外游客600-800万人次，随着旅游业的繁荣，游客人数有增无减，可见人们对故宫的兴趣长盛不衰。 The Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, was the palace in Ming and Qing Dynasties where 24 emperors lived and handled government affairs. It is the largest and most complete existing ancient wooden architectural complex in the world. The palace wall was painted mainly in red and yellow. Red represents happiness, luck and fortune while yellow symbolizes imperial holiness and dignity. In recent decades, the Imperial Palace is visited annually by six to eight million tourists at home and abroad. Moreover, with flourishing tourism industry, the number of tourists keeps increasing. It shows people’s everlasting and unfading interest in the Imperial Palace. 3.《新闻联播》是中国中央电视台（CCTV）每日播出的一个新闻节目。节目每次播出时长一般为30分钟。它被中国大陆大多数地方频道同时转播，这使得它成为世界上收看人数最多的节目之一。自从1978年1月1日首次播出以来，它就以客观、生动、丰富的纪实手段记录着中华大地每一天的变化。作为中国官方新闻资讯类节目，《新闻联播》以沉稳、庄重的风格著称。 Xinwen Lianbo is a news program broadcast by China Central Television (CCTV) every day. It generally takes 30 minutes every time to broadcast the program. It is relayed simultaneously by most local television channels in the mainland of China, which makes it one of the world’s most-watched programs. Since it was first broadcast on January 1st, 1978, it has been recording the changes of every day throughout China by documentary means that is objective, vivid and rich. As the Chinese official news information program, Xinwen Lianbo is well-known for its

汉译英答案3

汉英语篇翻译练习答案： 1．Retirement Attitudes toward retirement vary from person to person. Some people think that they will enjoy their time in retirement, but when it comes they may feel a little disappointed. Unwilling to resign themselves to the prospect of being put on the scrap heap, they try to seek alternative outlets for their energies and alternative sources of income that employment can provide. Others have already prepared themselves for the significant change in their lives. Tired out after all exhaus ting life revolving around work, they are anxious to relax in retirement with all the strains relieved. As there is no more need to rush to catch a morning bus and no more anxiety about promotion, they now have enough time to fulfill an old dream, such as writing, painting, growing flowers and traveling around. On the whole, female workers tend to have a more favorable attitude towards retirement than male workers. Withdrawal from employment to complete domesticity is a far less threatening experience for a woman than for a man. 2. Good-bye, My Ill-fated Motherland! The moment I set foot on the deck of the ship, there began my temporary separation from Chinese oil and a feeling of parting sorrow welled up in my heart. At sailing time, I stood on deck watching the ship receding slowly from the bank until I was out of sight of the towering waterfront buildings and the foreign warships on the Huangpu River. Thereupon I turned round with hot tears in my eyes, murmuri ng, “Good-bye, my ill-fated motherland!” Good-bye, my ill-fated motherland! I own what I am to the upbringing you have given me during the past 22 years. I have spent every day of my life in your warm bosom and under your loving care. Y ou have given me joy and sorrow as well as food and clothing. This is where my close relatives were born and brought up and where I have friends here and there. Y ou gave me a wide variety of happiness in my early childhood, but you have also been the source of my sorrow ever since I began to understand things. Here I have witnessed all sorts of human tragedy. Here I have come to know the times we live in. Here I have undergone untold sufferings. I have been struggling, fighting and, time and again, found myself on the brink of destruction and covered all over with cuts and bruises. I have laid to rest, with tears and sighs, some of my close relatives—relatives victimized by old feudal ethnics. Here, besides beautiful mountains and rivers and fertile farmland, we have ghastly prisons and execution grounds as well. Here bad people hold sway while good people suffer and justice is trodden down underfoot. Here people have to wage a savage struggle in order to win freedom. Here man eats man. O the numerous terrible scenes! O the numerous sad memories! O the grand Y ellow River! O the mysterious Y angtze River! Where on earth are your glories of the past? O my native land! O my people! How can I have the heart to leave you! Good-bye, my ill-fated motherland! Much as I hate you, I’ve got to love you as ever. （选自《英语世界》2004年第三期，张培基译）

考研英语：增词译法让翻译更通达

考研英语：增词译法让翻译更通达 刘正锋—英语教研室 增词法就是在翻译时按意义上和句法上的需要增加一些词来更忠实、更通顺地表达原文的思想内容。英汉两种语言，由于表达方式不尽相同，有些词在英语中省略而不会影响全句意思的完整表达，但是翻译成汉语后就可能出现意思不够明确或者句子不够通顺的现象，此时就需要使用增词法这种翻译技巧。例如增加原文中省略的部分，增动词，增名词，增加表示时态的词等等，下面跨考教育英语教研室的刘正锋老师将通过翻译真题来具体分析什么情况下使用增词法，以及如何使用增词法是翻译更加通顺。 (1) 增省略 英语中多省略，中文喜欢重复，所以在两种语言在转换时要汉语中要补充出英语中省略的内容。 比如，03年第四篇阅读第一句话It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. 这句话中，in Canada 与inevitable，in California 与optional 之间，省略了主语death, 翻译是，必须补充出来。“据说，在英国死亡很紧迫，在加拿大死亡不可避免，在加利福尼亚死亡可以选择。” 又比如， How well the predictions will be validated by later performance// depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used// and on the skill and wisdom// with which it is interpreted.(95年，72题) 句子结构是 How well...引导的被动结构是主语从句，How well是主语从句中的状语前置，depends是句子谓语，depends后面两个介词短语作并列宾语upon...and on...， the information used是名词+定语，with which it is interpreted定语从句，先行词是the skill and wisdom，代词it指代the information 这些测试在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适应性，还取决于解释这些信息的技能和才智。 本句主干的谓语部分是动词短语depend upon….and on….所带的两个并列的宾语部分，and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. 是谓语动词部分第二个并列的宾语，因为是与前面的depend upon相并列的，所以在翻译时，可以加上动词depend，翻译为“取决于…还取决于….” (2)增时态词

词法翻译

绪论 一、翻译小史： 学史以明智，翻译亦如此。据《圣经》记载，人类的祖先们曾经说同一种语言，在足以强大的时候，想要建造一座通天塔（the Babel）上天，从而激怒了上帝。上帝盛怒之下，摧毁通天塔，将人类分散到世界各地，由此产生了不同的种族和不同的语言。此后，人类各民族间的交流就要靠翻译了。事实上，不管是中国还是西方，翻译的历史都是源远流长的。 1.中国翻译史简述 中国的翻译活动源远流长，最早的传译之事可上溯至西周（C.1100-771B.C.）之前。“《礼记?王制》载：‘中国，夷、蛮、戎、狄……五方之民，言语不同，嗜欲不同。达其志，通其欲，东方曰象，西方曰狄，北方曰译。’寄、象、狄、译都是指通译言语的人。”（毛荣贵，2002∶3） 翻译事件对于一个国家的历史和社会发展往往产生重大影响。我国历史上翻译影响社会发展最大的有三次翻译高潮。 1）汉唐时期佛经的传译：西汉张骞；东汉安世高；时至唐代，佛经翻译达到了登峰造极的程度，玄奘（600－664）先后主持译出经论75部1335卷1300万字佛经，占唐代新译佛经总数的一半以上。（关键词：佛经，梵语，安世高，支谦，玄奘） 2）明末清初西欧科技翻译：利玛窦（Matteo Ricci, 1552-1660）组织翻译了相当数量的西方天文、数学、水法、测量等方面的著述；徐光启和利玛窦合译《测量法义》。力图使国人能借鉴西方的先进思想、文化或科技，从而富国强民。 3）清末民初西方思潮的翻译：严复《天演论》(T. H. Huxley: Evolution and Ethics and Other Essays)、《原富》(Adam Smith: An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth and Nations)；康有为、梁启超、林纾（林琴南）、王国维等。马列主义经典著作、文艺理论、苏俄及各国的进步文艺作品，如鲁迅、瞿秋白等。 新中国成立后，文革前和文革中以俄语为主，改革开放后以英语为主；我们几乎所有学科的理论框架、术语都译自英语；西方文化进入我们的方方面面很大程度上来自翻译。2.西方翻译史要略 西方翻译史可以简要地分为三个阶段：古典翻译，近代翻译和当代翻译。 1）古典翻译（公元前三世纪――文艺复兴时期13－14世纪）。贺拉斯（Quintus Horatius Flaccus 前65年－前8年），罗马帝国奥古斯都统治时期著名的诗人、批评家，代表作有《诗艺》等。西塞罗（Marcus Tullius Cicero前106年—前43）古罗马著名政治家、演说家、雄辩家、法学家和哲学家。总的来说，西方的古典翻译活动主要围绕圣经进行。比如公元前三世纪七十二名犹太学者就翻译的《圣经?旧约》后被称为《七十子希腊文本圣经》。公元405年，哲罗姆（St. Jerome）对照希伯来原文翻译出了《通俗拉丁文本圣经》（The Vulgate），后来成为罗马天主教承认的唯一文本。中世纪时，由于宗教势力的加强，教会神职人员纷纷用自己的民族语言翻译《圣经》，以使普通老百姓也能读懂《圣经》。14世纪80年代，约翰?威克利夫（John Wyclif）翻译了《圣经》，《圣经》的英译本就此问世。1611年，英国国王詹姆斯一世同意的钦定本《圣经》正式问世。当然，古典翻译活动除了圣经翻译以外，还翻译古希腊、罗马的文学、艺术、科学等名家著作。至文艺复兴时期，圣经翻译和古典文学作品和其他人文科学著作的翻译达到了一个高潮。 近代翻译时期主要是从十七世纪至二十世纪初。在这一时期，翻译的规模虽然不比文艺复兴时期，但是翻译的题材不再局限于圣经或文学翻译，而是呈现了多样化的趋势。同时，

第二章 翻译技巧：词法翻译法

一、词的选择和意义引申 考研翻译的过程和核心解题策略 一、理解应以原文，拆分语法结构 二、改变原文顺序，组合汉语译文 词义选择和词义引申 词义的选择和词义引申是考研翻译中最常用的翻译技巧。 1.在1994年72)题a leader of the new school contends 中，school 是“学派”的意思，而不是“学校”的意思； 2.在1996年74）题elegant system 中，elegent是“完美，完善”的意思，而不是“优雅”的意思； 3.在2001年75）题And home appliances will become so smart that ...中，smart 是“智能化”的意思，而不是“聪明”的意思； 4.在2003年75）题like the concept of set in mathematics 中，set 是“集，集合”，而不是“一套，放置”等意思； 5.在2004年62）题we are obliged to them 中，obliged是“感谢，感激”，而不是“被迫”的意思。 词义的选择 例1.I’ll see her home tonight. 今晚我送她回家。 例2. India is the home of elephants. 印度是大象的生长地。 例3.He’s at home with the classics. 他精通古典文学。 例4.New homes are for sale. 新房出售。 例5.She’s at home where she is. 她在哪儿都自由自在。 例6.Maternity homr costs in America have gone up sharply. 美国妇产医院收费已经急剧上涨。 例7.Much is produced here for home market. 这里为国内市场生产了许多产品。 例8.He looks on London as his home. 他把伦敦看成是他的故乡。 在翻译时，词义的选择应从以下几个方面着手： （一）根据词性确定词义 forecast有“预报，预测”的意思，用作动词和用作名词时意思相同。 increase作动词时，表示“增加，增长，增进”的意思，用作名词时主要还是这些意思。book 这个单词，在作名词时，意思是“书，书籍”；用作动词却表示“预定，预约”的意思。

新视野大学英语读写教程2汉译英翻译题及答案

1. 她连水都不愿喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。(much less) 2. 他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的是实话。(whereas) 3. 这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎么解释？(account for) 4. 他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。(due to) 5. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。(result in) 5. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。(result in) 6. 我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力，所以我们只能继续。(pour into) Unit2 1. 尽管她是家里的独生女，她父母也从不溺爱她。(despite) 2. 迈克没来参加昨晚的聚会，也没给我打电话作任何解释。(nor) 3. 坐在他旁边的那个人确实发表过一些小说，但决不是什么大作家。(next to; by no means) 4. 他对足球不感兴趣，也从不关心谁输谁赢。(be indifferent to) 5. 经理需要一个可以信赖的助手，在他外出时，由助手负责处理问题。(count on) 6. 这是他第一次当着那么多观众演讲。(in the presence of sb.) Unit3 1. 你再怎么有经验，也得学习新技术。(never too... to...) 2. 还存在一个问题，那就是派谁去带领那里的研究工作。(Use an appositional structure) 3. 由于文化的不同，他们的关系在开始确实遇到了一些困难。(meet with) 4. 虽然他历经沉浮，但我始终相信他总有一天会成功的。(ups and downs; all along) 5. 我对你的说法的真实性有些保留看法。(have reservations about) 6. 她长得并不特别高，但是她身材瘦，给人一种个子高的错觉。(give an illusion of) Unit4 1. 有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？(Use "it" as the formal subject) 2. 不管黑猫白猫，能抓住老鼠就是好猫。(as long as) 3. 你必须明天上午十点之前把那笔钱还给我。(without fail) 4. 请允许我参加这个项目，我对这个项目非常感兴趣。(more than + adjective) 5. 人人都知道他比较特殊：他来去随意。(be free to do sth.) 6. 看她脸上不悦的神色，我觉得她似乎有什么话想跟我说。(feel as though) Unit5 1. 他说话很自信，给我留下了很深的印象。(Use "which" to refer back to an idea or situation) 2. 我父亲太爱忘事，总是在找钥匙。(Use "so... that..." to emphasize the degree of something) 3. 我十分感激你给我的帮助。(be grateful for) 4. 光线不足，加上地面潮湿，使得驾驶十分困难。(coupled with) 5. 由于缺乏资金，他们不得不取消了创业计划。(starve of) 6. 每当有了麻烦，他们总是依靠我们。(lean on) Unit6 1. 就像机器需要经常运转一样，身体也需要经常锻炼。(as... so...) 2. 在美国学习时，他学会了弹钢琴。(while + V-ing) 3. 令我们失望的是，他拒绝了我们的邀请。(turn down) 4. 真实情况是，不管是好是坏，随着新科技的进步，世界发生了变化。(for better or worse) 5. 我班里的大多数女生在被要求回答问题时都似乎感到不自在。(ill at ease) 6. 当地政府负责运动会的安全。(take charge of)Unit7

2020年MBA英语翻译方法：增词法

2020年MBA英语翻译方法：增词法 所谓增词法，就是在翻译时按意义上(或修辞上)和句法上的需要增加一些词来更忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容。用增词法翻译技巧的目的是为了更加准确、通顺和完整的表达原文的内容。当然不能无中生有地随意增词，而是增加原文中虽无其词而有其意的一些词。 英汉两种语言，因为表达方式不尽相同，有些词在英语中能够省略而不会影响全句意思的完整表达，但是翻译成汉语后就可能出现意思不够明确或者句子不够通顺的现象;还有一些词，虽然在英语原文中意义明确而完整，但是翻译成汉语后却不通顺。在这种情况下，就需要使用增词法的翻译技巧。 一、增加原文中省略的部分 (一)增补回答句中省略的词语 Do you like sport? Yes, I do. 你喜欢体育运动吗?是的，我喜欢体育运动。 Are you tired? Not very. 你累了吗?不太累。 (二)增补并列结构中省略的词语 We don’t retreat, we never have and never will。 我们不后退，我们从没有后退过，将来也决不后退。(we never have and never will=we never have retreated and never will retreat) A fool and his words are soon parted; a man of genius and his money.

愚人会很快忘记说过的话，智者会很快放弃手里的钱。(a man of genius and his money=a man of genius and his money are soon parted) (三)增补表示逻辑关系或者平衡结构的词语 有时候英语原文中并没有表达逻辑关系的词语，但根据上文能够判断出其隐含的逻辑关系，如假设、让步、因果关系等，在翻译时要适当加以补充。 Without a sense of your fault, how can repentance and amendment be expected? 如果对自己的错误都不能理解到，怎么能指望你会悔改呢? 二、增加意义上或修辞上的需要上的部分 (一)增加动词 根据上下文的具体意义，在翻译时经常需要在某些名词及动词之前或之后增加动词，才能使译文的意思明确完整，读起来也较通顺自然，符合汉语习惯。 He dismissed the meeting without a closing speech. 他没有致闭幕辞就宣布结束会议。 He spoke hopefully of the success of the negotiation. 他满怀希望地说谈判会取得成功。 After the basketball match, the chairman still has an important meeting. 在观看篮球比赛之后，主席还有一个重要会议要参加。 (二)增加形容词或者副词

翻译技巧：加词法和减词法

翻译技巧（二）：加词法和减词法 加（增）词法 英汉两种语言，由于表达方法不尽相同，有些词在英语中可以省略而不会影响全句意思的完整表达，但译成汉语后就可能出现意思不够明确的语言现象；还有些词虽然在原文中意义明确而完整，但译成汉语后文字却不甚通顺流畅。在这种情况下，就需要使用增词译法。增词法就是在翻译时按照意义、修辞或句法上的需要，在原文的基础上添加必要的单词、词组、分句或完整句，从而使得译文在语法、语言形式上符合译文习惯和在文化背景、词语联想方面与原文一致，使得译文与原文在内容、形式和精神等三方面都对等起来，更忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容。 S y n t a c t i c a l A m p l i f i c a t i o n（从句法结构上考虑的增词） This kind of amplification includes: amplification by supplying such kinds of words as verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, numerals, category words, generalization words, and the plural forms of nouns. (1) 增加量词（classifier） 英语中数词与可数名词往往可以直接连用，不用加量词。而汉语往往要加量词。 It was a nova! 这是一颗新星！ The sun rose thinly from the sea. 一轮红日从海边淡淡升起。 A stream was winding its ways through the valley into the river. 一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷，汇到江里去了。 (2) 增加表达复数的词(convey the concept of plurality)

英汉翻译经典例子及答案

1.Health is above wealth, for this cannot give so much happiness as that. 健康比财富更重要，因为财富不能像健康那样给人以幸福。 2.Here great disturbances at the heart of the earth caused mountains and volcanoes to rise above the water. For hundreds of years tiny coral creatures have worked and died to make thousands of ring-shaped islands called atolls （环礁）. 在那里，由于地心引力的剧烈干扰，一道道山脉，一座座火山升出水面。千百年来，微小的珊瑚虫在这里繁衍、死亡，形成了数不胜数的被称为环礁的环状岛屿。 3.Old lines and methods of communication do not work easily or efficiently with as much information as we now have. 由于我们今天的信息太多，那些旧的通讯线路和方法已不能灵便有效地处理他们了。 4. Scarcely can any law be made which is beneficial to all; but if it benefits the majority, it is useful. 法律难顾及所有人，于大多数人有利足矣。 5.The water spread out for miles in places in Kenya and Somalia, cutting off villages and forcing herders to crowd with their livestock onto a few patches of dry land. 在肯尼亚和索马里的某些地方，河水漫出河床，宽达数英里。洪水切断了村与村之间的联系，迫使牧民们和家畜挤在一起，困缩在一块块狭小的陆地上动弹不得。 6. The snow falls on every wood and field, and no crevice is forgotten; by the river and pond, on the hill and in the valley. 雪，在四处飘落着。雪花撒在树上，撒在田野里，撒在河边、湖畔、山上、谷底——没有一条岩缝墙隙里不飘满雪花。 7. When his door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful.

新视野大学英语读写教程汉译英翻译答案

第一单元 1. The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed. 2. Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day. 3 .Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best. 4. We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it. 5. Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull. 6. They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security. 第二单元 1 ．If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous，it would have attracted a larger audience．‘ 2. She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful actress. 3 ．I never had formal training，I just learned as I went along? 4. As their products find their way into the international

2016年英语口译笔译初级笔译翻译技巧：增词法(上)

2016年英语口译笔译初级笔译翻译技巧： 增词法（上） 所谓增词法，就是在翻译时按意义上(或修辞上)和句法上的需要增加一些词来更忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容。用增词法翻译技巧的目的是为了更加准确、通顺和完整的表达原文的内容。当然不能无中生有地随意增词，而是增加原文中虽无其词而有其意的一些词。 英汉两种语言，由于表达方式不尽相同，有些词在英语中可以省略而不会影响全句意思的完整表达，但是翻译成汉语后就可能出现意思不够明确或者句子不够通顺的现象;还有一些词，虽然在英语原文中意义明确而完整，但是翻译成汉语后却不通顺。在这种情况下，就需要使用增词法的翻译技巧。 (一)、增加原文中省略的部分 (一)增补回答句中省略的词语 Do you like sport? Yes, I do. 你喜欢体育运动吗?是的，我喜欢体育运动。 Are you tired? Not very.

你累了吗?不太累。 (二)增补并列结构中省略的词语 We don’t retreat, we never have and never will。 我们不后退，我们从没有后退过，将来也决不后退。(we never have and never will=we never have retreated and never will retreat) A fool and his words are soon parted; a man of genius and his money. 愚人会很快忘记说过的话，智者会很快放弃手里的钱。(a man of genius and his money=a man of genius and his money are soon parted) (三)增补表示逻辑关系或者平衡结构的词语 有时候英语原文中并没有表达逻辑关系的词语，但根据上文可以判断出其隐含的逻辑关系，如假设、让步、因果关系等，在翻译时要适当加以补充。 Without a sense of your fault, how can repentance and amendment be expected? 如果对自己的错误都不能认识到，怎么能指望你会悔改呢? Students should learn from teachers and vice versa. 学生应该想老师学习，老师也应该向学生学习。

词法翻译篇练习

词法翻译篇 第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 第一节翻译中的选义 一 1. 他昨天擦破了皮，现在到医院换药去了。 He had a scratch yesterday and now has gone to change dressing[1] in the hospital. 2. 佃农家庭的生活自然是很苦的。可是由于母亲聪明能干，却也舒服。 The life of a tenant farmer’s family was of course hard, but we somehow managed to scrape along because mother was a clever and able woman. 3. 豪华家具带给您典雅的欧陆风情。 You will be enchanted by the unique European style of Fuhua furniture 4. 我那新郎官哪！那个死东西！他就是死也不肯仅洞房。 My betrothed! Damn him, he simply refused to come into the bridal chamber! 二、量词搭配 1. 一窝蜜蜂 a swarm of bees 一窝小鸡 a brood of chickens 一窝幼犬 a litter of pups 2. 一群美女 a bevy of beautiful ladies 一群猎狗 a pack of hounds 一群鸭 a team of ducks 一群羚羊 a herd of antelopes 3. 积极支持 unfailing support 积极的财政政策 proactive fiscal policy 积极利用国外资源 make effective use of overseas resources