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翻译教程第六次课

翻译教程第六次课
翻译教程第六次课

Lecture Six

Translation of Words (II)

Section 2 The choice of English appropriate words

After analysing the meaning of the source language----Chinese, the translator has to decide what expressions he should use in the target language---- English. In the second stage, the translator has to pay attention of the following aspects.

1. Choosing Words according to Collocation

学习知识to acquire (gain) knowledge

学习雷锋take Lei Feng as a model (an example). Learn freom Lei Feng.

学数学study mathematics

学文化learn to read and write.

当然我们也要学习世界上一切先进的经验,世界各国,包括美国在内,有先进的东西我们也要学。

Of course, we should also learn from all the advanced experience of all the other countries in the world, including the United States

?这菜真香。How delicious the dish is.

?这花儿真香。How fragrant (sweet) the flowers are.

?新犁过的土地散发着芳香。The newly ploughed fields smelt sweet.

?空气中有熏衣草和迷迭香花的味道。

?There is a lavender scent and rosemary scent in the air.

?我的乖乖香。You are sweet (lovely) baby. What a sweet (lovely) child you are.

对灾区人民表示慰问。To express sympathy and solicitude for the people of disaster areas.

请向他们表示亲切慰问。Please convey to them our sincere solicitude.

慰问团 a group sent to convey greeting;

慰问演出 a special performance as an expression of gratitude or appreciation.

Choosing Words according to Collocation

我们应该推行强硬政策。We should carry out a strong policy.

应改为:We should carry out a tough policy.

热烈祝贺亚运会。Warmly congratulate the Asian Games.

应改为:Hail / Greet the Asian Games.

欢迎你来和我们一道工作。Welcome you to work with us.

应改为:You are welcome to work with us.

她嫁给了一个老外。She married with/to a foreigner.

应改为:She married a foreigner.

?美国和英国开始认识到:只有中国战场的胜利才能遏止德、意、日“轴心国”的联盟。

?The United States and Britain began to see that only victory on the Chinese battlefield counld contain the Axis alliance of Germany, Italy a nd Japan.

?我最终认识到这件事为何非做不可。

?I came to realize in the end why it must be done.

?看来她还未认识到有危险。

?It seems that she is still not aware of the danger.

?恐慌平息了。Panic subsides.

?立即采取有效措施。To take immediate and effective measures.

驳回上诉。To reject an appeal

法官驳回了诉讼。The judge dismissed the action.

?没有医疗条件。Without health services.

?暂停营业to suspend the service.

会议取消了.The meeting is cancelled (called off).

取消他的会员资格.We will deprive him of his membership.

取消禁令To lift a ban

取消诺言To kill the promise.

2. Never Neglect the Prepositions in Verb Phrases

?无论什么事情都逃不了他的眼睛。

?Nothing can escape his eyes.

?Explain: We may translate this sentence: Nothing can escape from his eyes.

?有人敲门。

?Someone is knocking at the door.

?学生正忙着准备大考。

?The students are busy preparing for the final examination.

?开始他们都把他当成了外国人。

?At first they took him for a foreigner.

?以便使国家在上帝的福佑下得到自由的新生,并且使这个民有、民治、民享的政府永世长存

?...that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. (From Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg Address)

3. Pay Attention to the Mood

?我们在改革开放中,不能忘记这些基本原则。

?These basic principles must be kept in mind in our reform and opening to the outside world.

?我们难道能忘记这一惨痛教训吗?

?Can we ever forget this bitter lesson at all?

?俗话说,“男儿有泪不轻弹,皆因未到伤心处”嘛。

?译文1:As the saying goes, “Men only shed tears when (they are) deeply hurt.”

?译文2:As the saying goes, “Men never shed tears unless they are deeply hurt.”

?当心油漆未干!

?Beware of wet paint!

4. Choosing Words according to Style

?姜出而赋:“大遂之外,其乐也泄泄。”

?When his mother came out, she sang: “This great tunnel, outside/without,

?The joy flies about.”

?忽见东府几个人,慌慌张张跑来,说:“老爷宾天了!”众人听了,吓了一跳。忙都说:“好好的并无疾病,怎么就没了!”

?… when some servants from the Eastern Mansion came rushing up frantically. “The old master’s dead/ ascended to Heaven!”they announced.

?Everybody was consternated.

?“He wasn’t even ill, how could he die/ pass away so suddenly?”they exclaimed.

?如蒙早日寄来样品或产品册,不胜感激。

?It would be appreciated if samples and/or brochure could be soon forwarded to us.

?4.直起身又看看豆,自己摇摇头说:“不多不多!多乎哉?不多也。”(鲁迅《孔乙己》)

?Then straightening up to look at the peas again, he would shake his head. “Not much!

V erily, not much, forsooth!”(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)

5.Extention in Translation of Words

?少先队员省吃俭用,把积蓄的钱捐献给希望工程。

?The young pioneers live in a simple way to donate their savings to the Hope Project.

?Explain: If we translate “省吃俭用” into “save food and expenses”our understanding would only on the surface of the original Chinese meaning, and it’s also not cope with the English expression habit.

?他和许多青年一样,没考上大学就上了自修大学。

?Like most other young people, he is attending a college of continuing education after he failed to pass the college entrance examination.

?我们将采用国际贸易中的国际惯例满足你们提出的要求。

?We shall follow the international trade practices to meet your requirements.

?侵略军已陷入进退维谷的困境。

?The aggressor troops have landed themselves in an awkward dilemma.

?这个国家和人民确实面临着“前门驱狼、后门拒虎”的严峻任务。

?This country and her people are indeed faced with the demanding task of “repelling the tiger at the back door while driving away the wolf at the front gate.

?他们彼此很客气。

?They are formal with each other.

?他一辈子各方面都讨人喜欢。

?He retains all his delightful qualities to the last.

?当了总经理做起事来就形单影只,也要有个时时和他交手的人。

? A managing director has a lonely job. He needs a sparring partner.

?改革开放以来,该省的中外合资企业发展很快。

?Since the reform and opening to the outside world, there is a rapid development of the joint venture enterprises in this province.

?在反腐倡廉的过程中揭露出了相当严重的贪污受贿问题。

?The anti-corruption and pro-clean and honest campaign has brought light to some serious cases of bribery and corruption.

6. English habitual expression and the distinction of words

?我们可能去那儿,那得看情况而定。

?We may go there, but that depends.

?每年,成千上万的美国人都在车祸中丧生。Car accidents kill thousands of Americans every year.

?我们相识乃是缘分。Fate has brought us together from afar.

7. Pay Attention to Commendatory or Derogatory Meaning of the Words

?人民现在为什么拥护我们?就是这十年有发展,发展很明显。

?Why do people support us? Because over the last ten years our economy has been developing and developing visibly.

?由于外商投资,我们还可以从税收、劳务等方面得到益处嘛!

?We can benefit from taxes and employment opportunities because of the investment of the foreigners.

?不争论,大胆地试,大胆地闯。

?Don’t argue; try bold experiments and blaze new trails.

?在整个改革开放过程中都要反对腐败。

?Throughout the process of reform and opening, we must combat corruption.

?积极推进各项配套改革。

?We should press ahead with all supportive reforms.

?推动农产品生产、加工和销售的有机结合。

?We should integrate the production, processing and marketing of agricultural products.

?贫富差距不断扩大。

?The gap between the rich and poor countries is widening.

?对凭借行业垄断和某些特殊条件获得个人额外收入的必须纠正。

?We must correct the malpractice of individuals obtaining extra incomes by taking advantage of sectoral monopoly and some special privileges.

8.Addation and Omission in Translation

1). Add words

a. 三个臭皮匠,顶一个诸葛亮。

?Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the master mind.

b. 她用手捂着脸,好像是有些害羞。

?She covered her face with her hand, as if she was a little shy.

c. 虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后。

?Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.

d. 你喜欢白天工作还是夜间工作?

?Which do you prefer, to work in the daytime or at night?

e. 谁都知道戍边士兵很艰苦。

?Every one knows that life for the soldiers who garrison the frontiers is rather hard.

f. 农村不必要的税收,实在可以免去了。

?The practice of gathering unnecessary taxes from the peasants can well be dispensed with.

IV. (2)

2). Omission

a. 你用这银子,随心所欲,或买牛羊,或买清酒浓酒,凡你心所想的都可以买。(《圣经》)

?Use the silver to buy whatever you like: cattle, sheep, wine or other fermented drink, or anything you wish.

b.那个人左看看,右看看,什么也没有说就走了。

?Looking to the right, then to the left, the man walked away without saying anything.

9. According to Rhythm and Rhyme (1)

? 1. 转过了街角,他又回过头来,叫了声再会。As he disappeared around the turn he turned /wheeled and called good-bye.

?2.正如民间所说:“宁要浦西一张床,不要浦东一间房”。A famous phrase in Shanghai for a time is, “I’d rather own a bed on the western bank than an apartment on the eastern bank”.

?3.美女话西施,美酒推灵芝。As the Emperor’s favorite, Xi Shi was the most beautiful of women, so is Lingzhi Medicated Liquor the most beautiful of wines. (China Today, No.

10, 1995)

?4.作品的生命力,大约和作家的胆识大有关系;短命,常常是由于短见。

?The vitality of a work is probably closely related to the courage and insight of its author;

its short-livedness is often due to its author’s short-sightedness.(李定坤)

V. According to Rhythm and Rhyme (2)

?5.小的扣紧,大的放松,池子里捕鱼,太湖里放生。(夏衍:《考验》)

?Fussy about trifles, careless about big things. Penny wise, pound foolish. (Ying Yu)

? 6. 关关雎鸠,在河之洲。窈窕淑女,君子好求。

?By riverside a pair

?of turtledoves are cooing

?There is a maiden fair

? A good young man is wooing.

?7. 杨柳青青江水平The willows green, the river quite at rest,

?闻郎岸上踏歌声I hear my lover sing ashore his lay;

?东边日头西边雨Sunshine in the east and raindrops in the west,

?道是无情却有情It isn’t warm, but warm yet, I daresay.

?刘禹锡:《竹枝词》Tran: Zhao Zhentao

V. According to Rhythm and Rhyme(3)

?8. I wander’d lonely as a cloud 独自漫游似浮云,

That floats on high o’er vales and hills,青山翠谷上飘荡;

?When all at once I saw a crowd,一刹那瞥见一丛丛

? A host of golden daffodils. 一簇簇水仙金黄。

?吾独漫步

?似浮云,飘荡于青山翠谷之上,

?刹时瞥见

?水仙花,丛丛簇簇一色金黄。

?9. Lay the proud usurpers low! 打倒骄横的篡权着!

?Tyrants fall in every foe, 死一个敌人,少一个暴君!

?Liberty’s in every blow! 多一次攻击,添一份自由!

?Let us do or die! 动手–要不就死亡/断头。

10.Translation of Repeated Words in Chinnese

?There are many pile-up Chinese adjectives and adverbs: Adjectives: 红红的, 满满的, 慢慢儿, 明明白白, 干干净净, 整整齐齐, 冷冰冰的, 热腾腾的; Adverbs: 刚刚, 徐徐, 常常, 渐渐. There are also pile-up verbs: 凉快凉快, 冷静冷静, 暖和暖和etc.

They can be expressed with the English word of similar meaning or English special way of expression.

1. 形容词

? a. 乱蓬蓬的胡子unkempt (scraggly) beard,

? b. 亮堂堂的brightly lit

? c. 绿油油的rich green; glistening green

? d. 冷冰冰的ice-cold

? e. 老老实实,勤勤恳恳be honest and industrious

VI.The expression of Chinese pile-up words (2)

2. 副词

? a. 天天every day, daily, day in day out

? b. 刚刚just, only, just now

? c. 渐渐gradually, little by little,

? d. 徐徐slowly, gently

? e. 清清楚楚clearly

? f. 扎扎实实in a down-to earth way

3. 动词

? a. 凉快凉快cool off

? b. 冷静冷静calm down

? c. 暖和暖和warm oneself up

Exercise 2

?权

?穿白大衣的工程技术人员正紧张地抬头盯着电子钟。再过三分钟,总工程师将撅动那红宝石般的按钮。

?突然,门被推开了,涌进一股声浪。大家回头一看,是几位衣冠楚楚的不速之客。

?“你们辛苦了!”其中一位含笑道。

?“请你们出去!”得到的是冷冷的命令。

?笑容在这些人的脸上凝固,又渐渐消失。

?“他是部首长啊!”来宾中一位局长激动地喊道。

?“请你们出去!”总工程师似乎没有听见,依然绷着脸重复。局长着急地迈上一步,但被瘦削而精神的部长拦住了:“他作得对!”他微微点头,目光是赞许的。

?操纵室恢复了宁静。

?总工程师握起电话,威严的男中音响彻了试验场所:

?“各就各位……”

张培基英汉翻译教程框架

英汉翻译教程— 张培基编著上海外语教育出版社 翻译:是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。

第一节翻译的标准忠实:忠于原作内容、保持原作风格 通顺:通顺易懂、符合规范 语言现象(词汇含义、句法结构、惯用法) 理解逻辑关系 原文所涉及的事物 第二节翻译的过程表达直译:保持内容、形式(比喻、形象等) 意译:正确表达原文内容,不拘泥于形式 人名、地名、日期、方位、数字 段、句、重要的词 校核错或不妥的词、句 无生僻字、陈腔滥调、标点符号 校核两遍:内容、润饰蚊子 对照原文通读一遍 第二节对翻译工作者的要求 1.坚定的无产阶级立场和较高的马克思主义、毛泽东思想的理论水平 2.努力提高本族语和外语的水平 3.不断吸收和丰富各种基础知识,对有关国家的历史、地理、政治、外交、经 济、文化、科学、风俗习惯等。 完全对应:已有通用译名的专用名词、术语、日常生活事物 词义部分对应:概括的范围有广狭之分 无对应:英中新词、反映英美社会特俗风气及事物的词 多对应 第一节词汇词的搭配能力单词作定:英名前后,汉一般前置 定语的位置短语作定:英名前,汉视习惯 饰形或状英汉均前 词序单词作状饰动英动后汉动前 状语的位置程度状饰状英前后汉视习惯 短语作妆英汉动前后均可 英地点时间(小到大),汉时间地点(大到小) 英简单句→汉复合句 英复合句→汉简单句 句子结构英复合句→汉其他句(英主从→汉其他、英并列→汉偏正) 英倒装句→汉正装句 英主\被→汉被\主 时间英灵活,汉有先后 句序英灵活,汉前因后果 逻辑英灵活,汉前条件假设后果 第二节句法英汉前行后目 英汉前理后果 句子内容的一些其他表达手段:增补、省略、变此类、正反表达

汉英翻译教程

汉英翻译教程

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英汉翻译教程试题

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Beidaihe Seaside Resort The Beidaihe Seaside Resort, a famous summer resort in China, lies 15 kilometers southwest of Qinghuangdao. With the Bohai Sea to its south and the Lianfeng Mountains to its north, the resort enjoys a long coastline, fine beaches and a calm sea, ideal for bathing. Moreover, the weather at the seaside is mild all the year round with the temperature in the hottest month averaging only 23°C. The sea wind by day and the land breeze by night make the place a best summer vacationland. The natural charm of Beidaihe is breathtaking. The East and West Lianfeng Mountains with their luxurious pines and cypresses and grotesque rocks extend far into the distance. In front of the mountains lies a vast expense of ocean stretching to the horizon while beautiful villas and buildings dot the green landscape. On the East Lianfeng Mountain, a rock looks just like a lotus flower, and two other rocks on the West Lianfeng Mountain, standing face to face, resemble two persons having a conversation. Meng Jiangnu Temple Meng Jiangnu Temple, 6.5 kilometers to the east of Shanhaiguan Pass, was first built in 1594, the 22nd year of the reign of Emperor Wanli of the Ming Dynasty. Legend has it that the husband of a women named Meng Jiangnu was sent to work on the Great Wall. To bring him winter clothes, Meng Jiangnu came to Shanghaiguan Pass from thousands of miles away. When she was told that her husband had died at work, she cried her heart out. Her tears of anguish bust the Great Wall and she jumped into the sea and died. Later, a temple was built in memory of her. It stands on the top of a hill, with stone steps leading to it. There are two halls in the temple. In the front hall stands the clay statue of Meng Jiangnu in plain white clothes, facing the sea with a sorrow look. In the rear hall is the statue of the Goddess of Mercy. Behind the hall is the “Rock of Waiting for the Husband”, the marks on which are said to be Meng Jiangnu’s footp rints. Nearby stands her Dressing Pavilion. Beijing-Toronto Hotel/Jinglun Hotel Beijing-Toronto is located on Jiangguomenwai Avenue, downtown Beijing, in the vicinity of the embassy quarters, Friendship Store and a number of major commercial buildings, with the world-famous Tian An Men Square only ten minutes away. Beijing-Toronto has 659 spacious rooms and suites, with wide comfortable beds. They are all equipped with modern facilities such as central air-conditioning, color TV with satellite transmitted programs, IDD and DDD calls and mini-bars, meeting international standards. In our room, one cannot help but feel cozy, comfortable and satisfied.

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实用英汉翻译教程答案

实用英汉翻译教程答案 【篇一:大学英语实用翻译教程练习答案】 s=txt>第二章第一节 练习一:p10 一、 1.保护人类基因健康是个比较严峻的问题,但这不过是问题的一 个方面而已。 2.这些是科学家和技术专家研制的机器和产品。 3.科学已成为力量的一种源泉,不只是适宜于幻想的题材了。 4.建造和装饰宫殿、教堂和寺院的款项都由经商的富户承担支付。 5.查理一世和下议院的争吵已到了紧要关头,后来内战爆发,并 在白厅把斯图尔特王朝的君主送上了断头台。 6.在开辟第二战场之前,美国步兵精神饱满,营养充足,还没有 在战斗中受过创伤。 练习二:p16 一、 1.已经拟就一张至今已教过的所有动词的表。 2.每天从全国各地传来各行各业取得伟大成就的消息。 3.城乡之间的差别依然存在。 4.那一年,建立了旨在促进研究和试验的英国航空学会。 5.这里出版的报纸谴责侵略者屠杀大批无辜人民。 6.凡是成功的科学家常常把注意力集中在他发现尚未得到满意解 答的问题上。 练习三:p19 1.所有植物组织和动物组织主要由碳化合物、水和少量的矿物质组成。 2.他们并不认为有必要提供学生经常使用的名词化规则和构造使役句的规则。 3.各种族集团的文化特性、民间传说、神话和信仰都是根据文化进化规律起源于每一个集团的内部。 4.个别国家的科学努力可能将由跨国机构来进行统一和协调。 5.解放前,这个城市的垃圾和苍蝇一向无人过问,结果经常发生地方性病疫。

6.他是美国印第安人作家、演讲家和争取印第安人权利运动的活动家。 第二章第二节 练习一:p26 一、 1.我原先以为这部机器不过是一种没有什么价值的玩具。 2.第二天一早,饱饱地吃了一顿早餐之后,他们便动身了。 3.你愿意别人如何待你,你就应该如何待别人。 4.这部打印机真是物美价廉。 5.我七岁时就会织毛衣。 6.钢铁制品常常涂上油漆以免生锈。 二、 1.he who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. 2.before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. 3.the ear is the organ which is used for hearing. the nose is used for smelling. and the tongue is used for tasting. 4. modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 5.as it was getting quite dark, we decided to stop at that temple for the night. 6.internet is so convenient that we can find any information with the click of the mouse. 练习二:p30 一、 1.勇敢过度,即成蛮勇;感情过度,即成溺爱;俭约过度,即成贪婪。 2.她苏醒过来,看见周围一张张笑脸。 3.柯达321a型微胶片阅读器操作简便,功能齐全,结构紧凑,造型美观。 4.海洋与其说是分隔了世界,不如说是连接了整个世界。 5.他这次旅行既有军事上的目的,又有政治上的目的。 6.我希望这次会议不要开得太久,太久了只会浪费时间。 二、

张培基《英汉翻译教程》(修订本)配套题库(英汉常用的方法和技巧(中))【圣才出品】

第5章英汉常用的方法和技巧(中) 5.1 分句、合句法 一、试译下列各句,将斜体的单词或短语译成一个汉语句子 1. At present, people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply. 【译文】现在的人们都倾向于采取不偏不倚的态度来回答问题,因为它安全,不招风险。 2. George nodded, thankful that his wife was not the talkative kind. 【译文】乔治点点头,他妻子不是那种絮絮叨叨的人,对此他心存感激。 3. The intent to make an immediate gift must be clear and unmistakable, and the transfer must take immediate and permanent effect. 【译文】直接赠予的意图必须明白无误,转让行为必须立即产生效力,且该效力应具有永久性。 4. Several blocks from the park, running parallel to it, Clement Street bustles like a second Chinatown with dozens of ethnic restaurants. 【译文】离公园几个街区便是与公园平行的克莱门特街。那儿有十几家民族餐馆,热闹得如

同第二个唐人街。 5. That region was the most identifiable trouble spot. 【译文】那地区是个麻烦的地方,这是大家都容易看出来的。 6. The depth of some of those changes is , to me at least, pleasingly remarkable and extraordinary. 【译文】其中一些变化有深度,至少在我看来是非常了不起的,不同凡响,令我由衷地高兴。 7. The number of the young people in the United States who can’t read is incredible about one in four. 【译文】大约有1/4的美国青年人没有阅读能力,这简直令人难以置信。 8. A cold that rapidly grew worse caused his unlamented return to Paris. 【译文】他得了感冒,而且越来越严重,只好回巴黎去了。但是,对他的离去,谁也没有感到遗憾。 9. There is also distressing possibility that Alunni isn’t quite the catch the police thought. 【译文】还存在这样一种可能性:被抓住的那位阿鲁尼不见得就是警察当局所设想的那位头号人物。当然,这种可能性说出来叫人泄气。

王治奎《大学英汉翻译教程》【笔记课后习题及翻译示例汇总考研真题详解】(文学翻译)

第18章文学翻译 18.1 复习笔记 一、文学翻译的标准 对于文学翻译的要求是,“用另一种语言,把原作的艺术意境传达出来,使读者在读译文的时候能够像读原作时一样得到启发、感动和美的感受”。 钱钟书把文学翻译的最高标准概括为一个“化”字。 二、文学翻译的过程 借鉴茅盾的有关解释,把文学翻译过程分为三个阶段: (1) 理解阶段; (2) 印证阶段; (3) 表达阶段。 在表达阶段强调的内容是: (1) 必须使用文学语言; (2) 尽量保持原作风格; (3) 力求内容和形式的辩证统一。 三、文学翻译须使用文学语言 这里仅介绍英文小说翻译的几个侧面:

1. 文学语言具有准确、形象、生动、自然等特征,译者应根据原作的艺术意境和语言特色,在译文里寻找适当的语言形式,使之文情并茂。 Daffodils all along the hedgerow swung like yellow, ruffled birds on their perches. 清风徐徐,沿灌木篱笆旁的水仙花轻轻地摇摆着,颇似栖息的鸟儿掀动着金黄色羽毛。 2. 运用娴熟的汉语,再现人物语言的形象化和个性化,使译文产生“如闻其声,如见其人”的艺术效果。 “Say, some tenderness, that!” This is reference to a smile or a melting glance on the part of a female. “唷,瞧那样多温存!”这说的是一位女性的嫣然一笑,或者回眸传情。 3. 凭借自己的审美体验,深刻理解原作的艺术美,进而形神兼备地再现这种艺术美。 四、加强文学翻译的基本功训练 有兴趣于或有志于从事文学翻译的青年,可在课内外分门别类地选做一些练习,以集中提高某些方面的表述能力。 18.2 课后习题详解 将下列英文译成汉语: 1. One morning, in the fall of 1880, a middle-aged woman, accompanied by a young girl of inquiry as to whether there was anything a- bout the place that she could do. She was of a helpless, fleshy build, with a frank, open countenance and

英汉翻译教程张培基【完整版】

《英汉翻译教程》 第一章总论 翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。 (张培基等1983) 我国早期典籍《周礼·秋官司寇》篇里就有―象胥‖(谓通言语之官)这一名目,唐朝贾公彦所作的《义疏》里提到―译即易,谓换易言语使相解也。‖这条注疏,关于翻译的定义,足以给人不少启发。用现代文艺理论和语言理论,也许可以诠释为:翻译是把一种语言文字换易成另一种语言文字,而并不变更所蕴含的意义,——或用近年流行的术语说,并不变更所传递的信息,——以达到彼此沟通,互相了解的目的。 (罗新璋1984) 一、关于翻译 何谓翻译?关于翻译的定义很多。根据《现代汉语词典》,翻译是―把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来‖。根据《剑桥语言百科全书》,―翻译‖这个中性术语是指将一种语言(―原语‖)里的词句的意思转变为另一种语言(―目的语‖)的意思所做的一切,不论其手段是说话、写字还是做手势。美国著名翻译理论家奈达认为,所谓翻译,是指从语义到语体在译语中用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息。(《奈达论翻译》,1984)有人把翻译看作是一门科学(science),因为它有自身的规律可循;有人看作是一门艺术(art),因为它是译者对原文再创造的过程;也有人看作是一门手艺(craft),因为原语的信息需要用地道恰当的目的语再现。在自动化数据处理中,翻译又被定义为:―将计算机信息从一种语言转换成另一种语言,或将字符从一种表示转换成另一种表示。‖(《现代科学技术词典》上海科学技术出版社1980)凡此种种,不一而足。但是,在经济和文化日益全球化的今天,翻译的重要性是有目共睹的。 翻译是国际间理解的钥匙,据说西欧的文明归功于翻译者(据L·G·凯里1979)。季羡林教授也说,翻译是永葆中华文明青春的万应灵药。前中国驻联合国代表凌青先生说,从中国来讲,没有翻译工作,就没有中国***和中国近代的革命运动,就没有中国成功的对外开放和四个现代化;从世界范围来讲,没有翻译,就没有世界和平,就没有各种国际交往,就没有一个共同繁荣的美好世界的未来。中国加入WTO后,翻译的重要作用就更是不可忽视。经济竞争是在交际中进行,而没有翻译在场,交际就很难进行,交际不成,生意就做不成。因此,翻译的作用,再怎么强调也不过分。 关于翻译的种类可以从下面几个角度来划分: (1)从原语和目的语的角度来看,翻译可分为本族语译为外语,外语译为本族语两大类。 (2)从翻译的手段来看,可分为口译、笔译、手势翻译和机器翻译。

英汉翻译教程(英语易)

《英汉翻译教程》翻译理论·固定短语·单元小结一卷通Unit 1 Stories 译学点滴:翻译的标准 译学点滴:怎样读懂原文 Unit 2 History 译学点滴:把握全篇而后译 译学点滴:“Readability” Unit 3 Geography 译学点滴:提高文字水平无止境 译学点滴:用知识武装自己

Unit 4 Economy 翻译理论简介:佛经翻译鸠摩罗什1对佛经贡献 2 翻译倾向 玄奘1对佛经贡献 2主张 翻译理论简介:严复与“信、达、雅”严复1翻译标准 2 《天演论》及其他译作 翻译理论简介:林纾1《巴黎茶花女遗事》及其他译作 2在中国文学发展史上的作用 3钱中书对林译的评论 Unit 5 Culture 翻译理论简介:鲁迅与1译作概述 2对翻译工作的态度 3主张宁信而不顺,凡是翻译,必须兼顾2面 一当二当瞿秋白与鲁迅关于翻译的通信 翻译理论简介:郭沫若与1关于理想翻译的论述 2 主张“翻译工作者必须有” 茅盾1主张“直译,同时保留” 2 1954年关于文学翻译的论述

Unit 6 Literature (1) 翻译理论简介:傅雷1对于翻译工作的态度 2主张“重神思不重形似” 翻译理论简介:关于风格1 周洵良关于风格的论述 2 周洵良对“雅”的解释“”翻译理论简介:王佐良1关于直译与意译的论述 Unit 7 Literature (2) 翻译理论选读:(1) Cicero西塞罗《论演说术》 (2) Saint Jerome 哲罗姆《论最优秀的翻译》 翻译理念选读:Tytler’s Three Principles泰特勒《论翻译的原则》我国对泰特勒三原则的介绍和评论 Unit 8 Popular Science 翻译理论选读:不应该这样翻译马克思的著作恩格斯 翻译理论选读:确切翻译的原则费道罗夫《语言和翻译》

大学英语翻译全教程第一讲(完美版)

翻译理论与实践 (以《英语翻译教程》南开大学出版社为基础) 第一讲翻译概述 一、翻译的概念 1.广义的翻译指语言与语言、语言与非语言等代码转换和基本信息的传达。它包括不同语言间的翻译(如英汉互译)语言变体间的翻译(如古今语言、不同方言的互译)、语言与其他交际符号的转换(如把交通规则画成交通标志)。他对翻译的内容只强调“基本信息”,不强调“完全的忠实”。也有翻译家提出“理解也是翻译”的理论,这就把语言与思维也包括在广义的翻译里了。 2.狭义的翻译指语言活动,是把一种语言所表达的内容中式地用另一种远表达出来。这个定义强调“是一种语言活动”,表明它是人类多种交际方式中语言交际的沟通;强调“一种语言到另一种语言”,排除了同一语言间各变体的互译;强调“忠实地”,避免了翻译与释义或改写的混淆。 奈达(Eugene Nida)“Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and second in terms of style.”(Nida & Taber: The Theory and Practice of Translation) 我们的翻译课讲的就是狭义的翻译,并专指“书面表达内容”,以区别于有独特之处的口译(interpretation)。 二、翻译的分类 1.从所涉及的代码性质看,可分为语内翻译(intralingual translation)、语际翻译(interlingual translation)和语符翻译(intersemiotic translation)。语内翻译是同一种语言见不同语言变体的翻译,如把古汉语译成现代汉语,把黑话译成一般语言(雷子,一方);语际翻译是不同语言间的翻译,是狭义翻译研究的对象;语符翻译是用非文字符号解释文字符号,如图画、手势、音乐符号等。 2.从方向上看,我国的翻译可分为外译汉、汉译外。 3.从手段上看,翻译可分为口译、笔译和机器翻译。 4.从题材,即所译资料的性质上看,可分为文学翻译(literary translation),如小说、诗歌、戏剧等,和实用翻译(pragmatic translation),科技资料、法律文件、新闻、公文等。当然两者都可以进一步再分。如小说翻译、新闻翻译等。 5从翻译的模式上看,可分为全译、编译、缩译(节译)、摘译、改译。 a)编译是翻译与编订的结合,是指把所需材料选编、翻译过来,一般不加如译者的观点,所据材料 可以是一种也可以是多种,常用于实用性资料的翻译中,如说明书,介绍。 b)缩译也叫节译,是翻译与缩写的结合,近似于编译,但一般要求原材料是一种。(如金教授《尤利 西斯》的节译与选译之争) c)摘译是翻译与摘录的结合,是比缩译更简约的一种获取资料的方法。 d) 改译,是翻译和创作的结合,如文学作品可以增删一些情节(迦因小传),体裁也可有所改动,如 原文是戏剧可改译成小说(如朱生豪把莎士比亚的诗体译成散文体)。 补充资料:口译 口译依进行的方式,可分为同声传译以及交替传译两大类。 ●同声传译 所谓同声传译(Simultaneous Interpreting),是指译员以几乎与讲者同时的方式,做口语翻译,也就是在讲者仍在说话时,同声传译员便“同时”进行翻译。由于同声传译员必须一边接收来自讲者的讯息,一边将讯息尽快传递给听者,因此“一心多用”这样的分神能力(Multi-tasking),是译员的训练重点。 同声传译经常应用于一般的正式国际会议中,通常口译员会坐在位于后方的“口译室”(Booth)中,透过耳机以及视线或视讯接收讲者的讯息,然后对著麦克风进行翻译,而坐于会场中的听众,

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