高考英语阅读理解技巧

阅读理解中推理、判断、计算题的答题误区与技巧点拨

阅读理解中的推断题主要考查学生透过文字表层信息，根据上下文逻辑关系进行推理、分析，挖掘文章的真正内涵，推断出材料中没有直接交待，而需要加以阐述的概念与结论。包括推断隐含意义，推断下文内容、猜测作家态度等。属较高层次的阅读。近几年来，此类题所占比例不断加大，考生对此感到棘手，现按不同类型来谈谈各自的答题误区及解题技巧。

一、根据表层含义推断深层含义。

【设题方式】题干中出现一些表示猜测或预测的词:i nfer, suggest, conclude, imply, learn, indicate , intend, purpose, be likely to…等。常见的设问方式：

1. It can be inferred/concluded/seemed from the passage that______.

2. Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?

3. The passage implies, but doesn’t directly state that _____.

4. From the text we know/learn that …is most likely _____.

5. The story implies that _____.

【考题例证】

Passage 1 (2007全国I B)

Many animals recognized their food because they see it. So do humans. When you see an apple or a piece of chocolate you know that these are thing you can eat. You can also use other senses when you choose your food. You may like it because it smells good or because it tastes good. You may dislike some types of food because they do not look, smell or taste very nice. Different animals use different senses to find and choose their food. A few animals depend on only one of their senses, while most animals use more than one sense.

Although there are many different types of food, some animals spend their lives eating only one type. The giant panda(大熊猫) eats only one particular type of bamboo(竹子). Other animals eat only one type of food even when given the choice. A kind of white butterfly(蝴蝶) will stay on the leaves of a cabbage, even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden. However, most animals have a more varied diet(多样化饮食). The bear eats fruits and fish. The fox eats small animals, birds and fruits. The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season.

Humans have a very varied diet. We often eat food because we like it not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with too much sugar. This makes them overweight, which is bad for their health. Eating too much red meat and animals products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health. Choosing the right food, therefore, has become an area of study in modern life.

1. We can infer from the text that humans and animals _____.

A. depend on one sense in choosing food

B. are not satisfied with their food

C. choosing food in similar ways

D. eat entirely different food

4. We can learn from the last paragraph that ____.

A. food is chosen for a good reason

B. French and British food is good

C. some people have few choices of food B. some people care little about healthy diet 【答案及解析】本篇文章主要讲述的是人与动物依靠感官发现并选择食物，一些动物持有的饮食行为及人类饮食特点。通过对全文三个自然段所提供的信息进行分析，1题的A项应该是片面的信息（根据A few animals depend on only one of their senses, while most animals use

more than one sense可知）。B项是文章没有提及的信息。D项是文章的表层信息，并不是合理的推断。依据整篇文章我们可以推断出：人类和动物用各自不同的方式选择不同的食物。正确答案：C。

4题为归纳推理题。由最后一段可知人类饮食主要取决于对饮食的偏爱，而不太在乎食物的营养。正确答案：D。

【答题误区】（1）文章中直接表达的信息。（2）无关紧要或片面推出的结论。（3）完全相反的结论等。做此类题时考生易误选选文中直接表达的信息选项或片面的结论选项。

【技巧点拨】（1）全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。（2）忠实原文，切忌脱离原文，凭空臆断。（3）切忌选择表层信息答案，应该立足已知推断未知。

二、根据文中的措辞推断作家的观点或意图。

【设题方式】

1. The writ er ‘s attitude toward… i s_______

2. The writer suggested/thought that________

3. According to the author __________.

4. What is the attitude towards ______?

5. The writer probably feels that ______.

6. The author uses the example of …to show that ______.

【考题例证】

(2006全国I D)

Since my retirement（退休）from teaching music in 2001, I have spent a good deal of time painting as an artist. I actually began drawing again in the summer of 1995 when my father died, so perhaps I was trying to recover from the loss of my father, or maybe it was just that it brought back memories of him. In any case, I drew pen and ink animals and landscapes(风景画) much influenced(影响) by Krenkel and St. John for five years.

For some strange reason, I had been waiting until my retirement to start doing watercolors again, but as soon as I walked out of the school door for the last time I picked up my brushes and rediscovered Andrew Wyeth, who quickly became my favorite artist. I had looked through all the art books I had on my shelves and found his watercolors to be the closed to how I thought good watercolors should look. So I painted landscapes around Minnesota for three years and tried out many other types of painting. However, watercolors remained my first choice, and I think I did my best work there, showing my paintings at a number of art exhibitions.

Art is now together with my piano playing and reading. There is a time for everything in my world, and it is wonderful to have some time doing what I want to do. As Confucius once said,“At seventy I can follow my heart’s desire.”

3. We can infer from the text that the author _____.

A. had been taught by Krenkel and St. John

B. painted landscapes in Minnesota for 5 years

C. believed Wyeth to be the best in watercolors

D. started his retirement life at the age of seventy

4. How does the author probably feel about his life as an artist?

A. Very enjoyable.

B. A bit regretful.

C. Rather busy.

D. Fairly dull

【答案及解析】一个人退休之后可能感到白无聊赖，但“我”却恰恰相反：读书、弹钢琴、画画，忙得不亦乐乎。在人生的晚年，能做到自己渴望的事情真是人生一大乐事。孔子曰：七十二能随心所欲。“我”就是这样。4题是猜测作家对作为一名artist的态度，我们可以从

文章的字里行间以及所使用的褒义性的词汇及短语（recover from the loss of my father, brought back memories, favorite, good, a time for everything in my world, wonderful, follow my heart’s desire）可知作者对自己的艺术生活是满足的、快乐的。而B和C项与文章的观点完全相反，C向只是停留在文章的表层信息，并不是文章的实质。正确答案为A。3题是前面所讲的根据表层含义推断深层含义类星题。从…rediscovered Andrew Wyeth, who quickly became my favorite artist可推断，作者认为Andrew Wyeth是最优秀的水粉画家。正确答案为C。

【答题误区】（1）自己的某种看法或观点。（2）社会普遍的一种倾向。（3）与本文无关或与作家相反的观点等。做此类题考生易误选吻合自己看法的选项或有时受常识影响而脱离原文。

【技巧点拨】注意作家在文中的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，才能推断出作家的弦外之音。

三、根据情节的发展推断结局或下一步的行为。

【设题方式】

1. What probably happened in the end?

2. What statements will continue after this paragraph?

3. What will be likely to happen?

4. Which of the following statements will best continue the fourth paragraph?

【考题例证1】

We are in the computer age. We often see computers at work. They are especially useful in automatic control, date processing(数据处理) and solving complicated problems. And they are finding their way into the home. The part played by computers is becoming even more important with each passing day.

More and cleverer computers will continue to appear. They will run faster, have more functions and work much more skillfully. They will take over more tasks from us, helping to change the face of our world. Some people even think that sooner or later computers will replace us.

However, …

1. Which of the following statements will best continue the third paragraph?

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/265038819.html,puters will soon stop developing.

B.Many people like computers very much.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/265038819.html,puters are as clever as man.

D. I do not think computers will replace us completely

【答案及解析】本文采用了对比关系描写。前面描写了机算计的长处，但作家用However 一词话锋一转预示将引出相反观点。答案为D。

【考题例证2】

George had worked for the Bank of Ruritania for ten years and was still only a clerk. He was not satisfied with the position and wanted to find something better. Yet he did not want to lose this position in the bank before he had not another one. So he prepared a letter about himself, with the words----“HELP! I AM A PRISONER OF THE BANK OF RURITAIA!” in big letter across the top. Then he sent it to several other banks, asking them for a job.

A few days later, one of these letters came into the hands of George’s boss at the bank. Someone had given it to h im at the party. The next morning, George’s boss asked him to come to his office and said, “George. I have some very good news for you. The Bank of Ruritania is setting

you free!”

1. What probably happened in the end?

A. George lost his job.

B. George was no longer a prison.

C. George was very happy to get a better job.

D. George’s boss gave him better position.

【答案及解析】本文可根据事间发展的情况，及因果关系可得知老板对他这种行为不满，肯定会解雇他。答案为A。

【答题误区】没有理清作者的写作思路及写作方法，没有注意到一些链接的词汇及短语。

【技巧点拨】答此类题时应把握作家的写作思路，注意句与句、短语段之间的链接手法来

预测下文可能发展的了内容。文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系等描写，尤其注意一些关键性的承接词汇，如：however, on the other hand, therefore, so, while, thus…等，这都是一些暗示性的词汇。

四、根据已知数据推算未知数据。

【考题例证1】

（2007安徽B）

King’s College Summer School

King’s College Summer is an annual() training program for high school students at all levels wh want to improve their English. Courses are given by the teachers of King’s College and other colleges in New York. Trips to museums and culture centers are also organized. This summer

A. $ 200

B. $ 400

C. $ 500

D. $ 900

【答案及解析】本文以广告形式向读者介绍了一项暑假英语培训教程。文中详细介绍了申请日期、步骤、课程项目及费用。从Cost一栏可知题干要的数据是：All the coasts减去Hotel service，即：200+100+200=500。答案为C。

【考题例证2】

In March 1997, an 11-year-old boy and 13-year-old boy using handguns and rifles shot dead four children and a teacher at a school in Jonesboro, Arkansas. In October, two were killed and seven wounded in a shooting at Mississippi school. Two months later, a 14-year-old boy killed three high school students and wounded five in Daducah, Kentucky.

1. How many students were shot dead in 1997 in the U. S. school?

A. 10

B. 9

C.12

D.22

【答案及解析】此段文章报道了发生在美国校园内的枪杀事件。题干要求选出1997被枪杀死的学生人数，但考生有时只顾死亡人数，而没有注意到students，因此会得出4+1（a teacher）+2+3=10而误选A。此题应为4+2+3=9。答案为B。

【答题误区】（1）没有看清题干要求计算什么。（2）没有找出相关数据。（3）如何运用四则运算公式。

【技巧点拨】首先看清题干要求计算什么数据，然后在文章中找出相关数据及各数据间的逻辑关系，进行简单的加、减、乘、除，也可能进行单位换算，得出答案。

高考英语阅读理解中的提问方式及解题方法

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