(英美社会文化对比作业)英国和美国医疗体系的对比1

A Comparative Study on Health Care Mode

Between British and American

(By Class1 苏华虹20102401160)

Instruction:

As we all know, in recent years, China government has made great effort in our country’s healthy care system reform, with a tortuous development process. To prevent from more mistakes, we China also try to learn from other health care system mode and the experience when taking the system into practice of some developed countries such as the UK and the USA. Therefore it is meaningful to make a comparation between these two countries. In this passage, we will talk about the characteristics of the US and UK’s medical system and the mode of operation; the expense of the health care; the problems of these two system, at the end of it; we will talk about what we can learn from these two system to build a better healthy care system.

Key words: Medical healthy care mode, government-leading, market, comparison, revelation.

Body

Comparing the two health care modes UK and U.S., it is obvious there are both similarities and differences between them. The similarities include: 1.The two modes hold the same goal of providing medical service to the nations 2.Each mode is in accordance with the value, spirit and will of the nations. (The American advocate for freedom and they don’t like to led by the government while the British are taken for granted that every citizen has right to enjoy medical services provided by the government) 3. Both the two mode are not perfect. Problems come along when taking the mode into practicing and both British and the American government is trying to reform the mode to get a better one. The differences are also obvious: 1.The British mode is leading by government, while the American mode is more based on the market in accordance with the principles of competition. 2. Most of the British

hospitals owned by the state and the medical system is almost entirely supported by the progressive income tax. While there are much more non-profit and private hospitals and the government only bear the medical cost for the elderly, the poor and the disable and most of the rest are by the medical insurance. 3. The whole nations of UK can enjoy medical service from NHS while in USA; there is still 10% of the population lack medical insurance cover. 4. The mode of USA cost more than that of UK. Then in this text, we will focus on the differences.

The medical mode of UK and USA is quite different depending on differences in values and politics in these two countries. Generally speaking, the United Kingdom martins a British government-led medical model. The United States is one of very few industrialized nations that do not provide some type of universal service. The medical care system of United States is guided mostly by the market without a national health system.

The British government bare responsibility of health care of the nations for large part. Regional asylum Act of 1808, the metropolitan poor Act of 1867 and the Local Government Act 1929, both stress the importance of the government providing medical service for nations. On July 5, 1948, the United Kingdom created a national health system (NHS), which is a typical government-led model, to provide comprehensive services to all in need of medical services, and this day was called by many people “the greatest British historian of the day”. British residents, including foreigners legally residing in the United Kingdom, can enjoy free medical services. All residents receive equal health care services, receiving direct services guaranteed by the government. Health care system in the UK is almost entirely supported by the progressive income tax. Most of the hospitals owned by the state, almost all health care workers are state employees. Britain also has a relatively small medical insurance market; few hospitals provide medical services to holders of individual insurance. Private insurance is an option for those who wish to utilize it, and some employers offer private insurance as part of their hiring packages, but the great majority of Britons use the NHS exclusively.

Different from Great Britain, the medical care system of United States is not led

by its government but decided mostly by the market principle of free composition, which reflects its advocate for freedom. Its government bears responsibility for a part of rather than the whole of the medical services and medicines as well as paying directly which mainly provided by commercial insurance, federal and state government-funded public medical insurance, supplemented by commercial organizations in accordance with market principles of free competition. In fact, the U.S. health care system is a hybrid system of a national, private, non-profit organization. Medical service providers in the United States are based on market: the number of non-profit and private hospitals is more than half of the total number of medical institutions, which shows the very high degree of market. In US, the poor and the old can get medical help from the state and federal government according the Medicare. Others may have the medical insurance, which are usually provided by the employers for the employee. The health insurance rate of large enterprises (over 200) and group is more than 80%. U.S. health insurance coverage is about 85%, of which nearly 60% by employer-sponsored insurance. For those without medical insurance or help from the government, they have to bear the medical fee themselves or the uninsured who can not afford to the cost of medical, they turn to the emergency because U.S. hospitals may not refuse emergency patients and they haven’t pay for the emergency.

In a word, in UK, the government responsible for your healthy, that is to say, people in Great Britain do not have to dig into their pockets to pay for medical costs, money is no longer constitute barriers to access to good medical services. While in USA, unless you have got either a medical insurance or the federal and state government’s assistance or your employer, you must pay for the medical fee yourself.

While, with difference health care mode, how much specificly should people in these two country pay for the medical care respectively and which country use less money to provide better medical service? Are the nations satisfied with their health care mode? The statistics will answer these questions.

According to the World Health Organization, the United Kingdom has a population of 61.56 million, $ 36 240 per capita GDP, per capita health care

expenditure of $ 3399, total health spending accounted for 9.3 percent of GDP. How about in US.? In 1962, the U.S. health care expenditure as a percentage of GDP was less than 6 percent; in 2007, quickly rose to 16%. In 2009, health expenditure as a percentage of GDP was 16.2 percent, per capita health expenditure of $ 7.41 thousand, which is the world's most expensive health care system, because of the use and popularization of the high-tech pharmaceutical products. It means that Americans must pay much more money in medical treat than Brtishes cost.

However, does it mean that America use more money to provide better medical service and the nations of USA are more satisfied with their health care mode? The statistics shown below can answer these questions. In the 2000, an overall assessment made by the World Health Organization in its hotly contested ranking of countries in terms of health system performance placed the United Kingdom 18th and the United States 37th out of 191 countries studied. Around 45 million Americans under the age of 65 lack health insurance cover, and far more US citizens than UK citizens report that the cost of health care is a barrier to access. Although the majority of the public in both the United Kingdom and United States express dissatisfaction with their healthcare systems, a higher proportion of the British population think their system works well, and a lower proportion believe the system needs to be rebuilt completely, than in the United States.

As we all know, no system or policies are perfect so do the health care mode of UK and USA. When the nations enjoy the profits from the medical system, problems come along.

For USA, high health care cost is the main problem, both for the nations and the government. Although the employers’ high insurance costs are paid by the employer s, they have to assume a relatively small part of the cost. The Medicare for the poor and the elderly has become the biggest burden of the fiscal. And also for the American firms, the cost of medical insurance is paid by the employer for the employee in accordance with the law has also become a heavy burden of U.S. companies. While, the output of the American medical system doesn’t equal to its high cost, as the largest and richest economies, there are still more than 10 percent of the population lack of

medical insurance. Actually, the government in USA all stress on the medical system reform. There some examples : In 1933, Roosevelt proposed the health care system reform, which got accusation of medical experts, and not really legalized; In 1962, President Kennedy called for the establishment of health insurance for the elderly, has not yet passed by Congress; In 1976, President Carter initiated a universal health care reform initiatives, but this initiative has been shelved due to the tough economic situation; In 1994, President Clinton and his wife, Hillary proposed the most ambitious proposal, also suffered the worst defeat. On March 21, 2010, the U.S. Congress passed health care reform bill proposed by President Barack Obama to increase government responsibility, and expand insurance coverage, which will allow the U.S. government in 10 years to invest $ 940 billion, 32 million without insurance U.S. people into the health care system to improve U.S. health care coverage from 85% to 95%. This new bill through the United States "has taken a big step." However, all the reforms do not change the U.S. health care market-based mode of operation It seems that the medical system of UK works better than that of USA. But does it operate without problems? Of course not! Actually, although the NHS is seen as the envy of the world, with the increasing demand for public health services, the scale of the NHS continuing to expand, the increase in population, the NHS gradually caused grievances due to overload, of which an appointment, inefficiency become the focus of the grievances. And facing the emergence of financial pressure, the government had to start reform the NHS. Therefore, the UK also has medical reform since the past 30 years and in some ways the UK tries to learn from the health care mode of USA, which you may think is paradoxical but evidence is everywhere. Back in the 1980s, the Thatcher government drew on ideas advocated by the Stanford economist, Alain Einthoven, in formulating its plans for an internal market for the NHS. More recently, the Blair government's reforms to the NHS have led to a renewed interest in importing policies from across the Atlantic, most obviously in the introduction of a new system for paying hospitals that draws heavily on the use of prospective payment in the United States. Ten years after the release of the new national health care system in 1997, the British model has once again become the envy of the world an example.

Although the current Cameron, the Conservative Party and Liberal Democratic Party coalition government are also various aspects of the reform, the UK government dare not to reduced or even canceled the universal welfare-style health system, for the nations are in favor of the NHS. For example, in 2009, the United Kingdom announced that the treatment of kidney cancer can no longer use the precious drugs; the result was a public outrage. Therefore, the reform to the medical system is just adjustment for better operation of the NHS but not change the British health care government-leading mode of operation

Conclusion:

The two modes reflect the different value, spirit and polities of USA and UK, so China couldn’t just copy any mode. With the development of economy and teleology, Chinese government tries to improve the quality of medical service of the nation, and is trying to build a better medical system that can work efficiently. From studying the two health care modes of UK and USA, we can be clearer about what can learn from these two modes. After learning from the two modes, we should realize that: 1. the British and the USA mode have both similaraties and differences and neither may be the best mode but maybe they are the most suitable ones according to the value, spirit and politics of UK and USA respectively. 2. The British mode is fairer while the American mode is more efficient. We shouldn’t judge which one is better easily. 3. Whatever we China learn from, we must take the value, spirit and will of our nations and the national conditions into consideration but not just copy.

From where I stand, the mode of USA is more efficient and use the limited money to help those who are really in need, but it seems ignore the responsibility of the government and not fit for our socialism, which is not good for the further development. For the mode of UK, it benefits the nations a lot but acquires a larger medical expense of government, and as a developing countries, it is hard for our government to provide national health system for our huge population of more than 13 billion. Meanwhile, I think if the British mode adopted in China, we have to wait longer than the British because of the huge population. And there is a huge gap

between the rich and the poor in China, so in my opinion, we should use the limited funds to help the poor and once our government is powerful enough, all the people can be treated. In a word, either the mode of UK or that of USA is not what we China need during the developing period. Maybe we can adopt a mixture of the government-lea mode and the market-driven mode to build a better system that is fit for our national conditions as a developing countries and with huge population. I believe after ten years or decades, efforts, we Chinese will be able to build a better Chinese health model that and provides better medical service for nations and our Chinese people are proud of !

英美概况(英国篇1：英国的国土与人民 )

I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分 1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。 2.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 3.The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones. 不列颠群岛由两个大岛-大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。 4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales. 大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。 (1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section. 英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。 (2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。它有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地及南部山陵。首府：爱丁堡。 (3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府：加的夫 (4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast. 北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域。首府：贝尔法斯特。 5.The Commonwealth (of nations) is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has 50 member countries until 1991. 英联邦是曾为英国殖民地的、但现已独立国家所构成的自由联合体。它成立于1931年，至1990年止已有50个成员国。 II. Geographical Features 英国的地理特征 1.Geographical position of Britain: 英国的地理位置： Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. 英国是一个岛国。它位于大西洋北部，与欧洲大陆的北海岸隔海相望。南面的英吉利海峡和东面的北海将它与欧洲其它部分隔开。 2.The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands; and the east and southeast are mostly lowlands. 英国的西部和北部主要是高地，东部和东南部主要是低地。 III. Rivers and Lakes 河流与湖泊

英美概况英国版感想-研究生英美概况课程作业之一

My feelings for the class of survey of Britain In terms of this class, I have gained a general understanding of the British society from the exploration into every corner , which is ranging from rel- igion, education, architecture, holidays and so on. This broadens my visi- on to a much larger extent. Generally speaking, they can be summarized as follows: First of all, a preliminary social scene has been shown to us during the class. The UK is a great nation all around the world and people speaking native English must have something different from us Chinese. Classmat- es from different majors have shown me the Britain society from their own view, which I think is very interesting. For example , someone gave his lecture by the way of listing lots of pictures. The moment was watc- hing the pictures I got a lot of information, besides , it seems not very boring. Secondly, it is《The Rise of Great Powers》.This is the twice I have wat- ched this documentary. While, I regard it as a reflection of the history of the Britain . It is also a showcase of the Empire of the Sun and a brainst- orm to me. Someone maybe whisperd, we China also does have a history as brilliant as Britain. However, from a foreigner’s view , it is fresh enoug- h and exciting enough.Perhaps, we may get lots of lessons from Britain. Finally, the teaching form is novel and lively. During my showtime, I am the reporter of the class. People sitting in the classroom are all listeners

英国足球文化

英国足球文化 体育文化是社会亚文化的一部分,英国足球文化的产生、发展受社会文化的整体制约,同时折射了社会文化的特征 1 引言 英格兰2018年和2022年世界杯申办形象大使贝克汉姆2009年12月3日在接受媒体采访时说:“足球渗透在我们的文化里,存在于我们的DNA之中。从我们降生到这世界上,足球就和我们在一起,永远不分离。” 从贝克汉姆这段话中,我们可以感受到足球和英国文化的紧密关系。这项现代运动起源于英国,在英国成长壮大,并传播到世界各地,成为当今世界第一大运动。体育文化是一种亚文化,和社会文化息息相关。英国足球运动的起源和发展植根于广泛的英国社会背景之中,渗透和折射着英国文化的特点。以往国内对英国足球和英国文化的研究非常少,仅有的一两篇文献或者没有全面论证英国足球和英国文化的密切关系,或者缺乏具体的实例和深入的论述。本研究在查阅大量文献资料的基础上,从以下几个方面阐述英国足球运动反映出的英国文化中的典型特点:绅士文化、民族国家、岛国心态和阶级意识,力求理论依据翔实,论据充分。 2 英国足球折射出的英国文化 2.1 绅士文化 绅士风度是英国民族文化的外在表现,绅士风度是英国社会各阶层在向上流社会看齐过程中,以贵族精神为基础,掺杂了各阶层的某些价值观念融合而成的。绅士的形象植根于中世纪的骑士精神。在中世纪,青年男子(往往出身贵族———

经济上才能支付得起成为骑士要满足的条件)要从小接受严格的训练,经过严格的程序才能成为骑士;骑士在受到召唤时要挺身而出,勇敢地为道义而战,率领、鼓励人们英勇顽强地奋战到底。和骑士精神紧密联系的历史事件是长达200年的十字军东征,英国军队挥舞红底金狮的旗帜以鼓舞士气,英格兰国王理查德一世因其骁勇善战而获得“狮心理查”称号。狮子在西方文化中也成为勇气、忠诚和高贵的象征。 英格兰足协的徽章“ThreeLions(三只狮子)”非常鲜明地体现了英国足球对骑士精神的继承:勇气、力量和自豪。狮子(lion)和狮心(lion2heart)是英国报纸描述足球运动员时常用的词。英国足球风格素以英勇、顽强、充满战斗精神著称。“在赛场上,英国球队运动员各个都如骑士般,体现着正直、英勇、公正、牺牲、荣誉的骑士的一些典型特征。他们跑动积极,拼抢凶猛,长传冲吊,和对手进行正面的‘交锋’,动作干脆粗犷”。欧洲大陆媒体对英国足球打法的评价是运动员勇往直前,讲求速度和拼搏,但不擅长(或不屑于)搞迂回,不讲求计谋。 绅士文化的内涵随着英国社会的发展发生着变化。大批海外殖民地建立以后,大英帝国的缔造者们意识到,仅有勇气和冒险精神不够。“大英帝国越是变成一种统治责任,……统治机构就越是感到需要保持英格兰人的‘纯洁性’。随着国外财富日积月累,国内开始强调道德规范”。维多利亚时代(1837—1901年)被公认为绅士文化发展到顶峰的时代。整个社会崇尚荣誉,讲究风度、外表举止和礼节,恪守公开竞赛、公平竞争的“费厄泼赖(fairplay)”的价值观念。 这些礼节和价值观念反映在当时的足球运动中。英国19世纪的报纸赛事报道上,对足球运动员一概冠以Mr.(先生)的称号。成立于1882年的克林西安俱乐

英国足球文化

英国足球文化

英国足球文化 体育文化是社会亚文化的一部分,英国足球文化的产生、发展受社会文化的整体制约,同时折射了社会文化的特征 1 引言 英格兰2018年和2022年世界杯申办形象大使贝克汉姆2009年12月3日在接受媒体采访时说:“足球渗透在我们的文化里,存在于我们的DNA之中。从我们降生到这世界上,足球就和我们在一起,永远不分离。” 从贝克汉姆这段话中,我们可以感受到足球与英国文化的紧密关系。这项现代运动起源于英国,在英国成长壮大,并传播到世界各地,成为当今世界第一大运动。体育文化是一种亚文化,与社会文化息息相关。英国足球运动的起源与发展植根于广泛的英国社会背景之中,渗透与折射着英国文化的特点。以往国内对英国足球与英国文化的研究非常少,仅有的一两篇文献或者没有全面论证英国足球与英国文化的密切关系,或者缺乏具体的实例和深入的论述。本研究在查阅大量文献资料的基础上,从以下几个方面阐述英国足球运动反映出的英国文化中的典型特点:绅士文化、民族国家、岛国心态与阶级意识,力求理论依据翔实,论据充分。 2 英国足球折射出的英国文化 2.1 绅士文化 绅士风度是英国民族文化的外在表现,绅士风度是英国社会各阶层在向上流社会看齐过程中,以贵族精神为基础,掺杂了各阶层的某些价值观念融合而成的。绅士的形象植根于中世纪的骑士精神。在中世纪,青年男子(往往出身贵族———

经济上才能支付得起成为骑士要满足的条件)要从小接受严格的训练,经过严格的程序才能成为骑士;骑士在受到召唤时要挺身而出,勇敢地为道义而战,率领、鼓励人们英勇顽强地奋战到底。与骑士精神紧密联系的历史事件是长达200年的十字军东征,英国军队挥舞红底金狮的旗帜以鼓舞士气,英格兰国王理查德一世因其骁勇善战而获得“狮心理查”称号。狮子在西方文化中也成为勇气、忠诚与高贵的象征。 英格兰足协的徽章“ThreeLions(三只狮子)”非常鲜明地体现了英国足球对骑士精神的继承:勇气、力量与自豪。狮子(lion)和狮心(lion2heart)是英国报纸描述足球运动员时常用的词。英国足球风格素以英勇、顽强、充满战斗精神著称。“在赛场上,英国球队运动员各个都如骑士般,体现着正直、英勇、公正、牺牲、荣誉的骑士的一些典型特征。他们跑动积极,拼抢凶猛,长传冲吊,与对手进行正面的‘交锋’,动作干脆粗犷”。欧洲大陆媒体对英国足球打法的评价是运动员勇往直前,讲求速度与拼搏,但不擅长(或不屑于)搞迂回,不讲求计谋。 绅士文化的内涵随着英国社会的发展发生着变化。大批海外殖民地建立以后,大英帝国的缔造者们意识到,仅有勇气和冒险精神不够。“大英帝国越是变成一种统治责任,……统治机构就越是感到需要保持英格兰人的‘纯洁性’。随着国外财富日积月累,国内开始强调道德规范”。维多利亚时代(1837—1901年)被公认为绅士文化发展到顶峰的时代。整个社会崇尚荣誉,讲究风度、外表举止和礼节,恪守公开竞赛、公平竞争的“费厄泼赖(fairplay)”的价值观念。 这些礼节与价值观念反映在当时的足球运动中。英国19世纪的报纸赛事报道上,对足球运动员一概冠以Mr.(先生)的称号。成立于1882年的克林西安俱

北京工商大学公费医疗管理办法问题解答

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费医疗经费拨款的报领；领导小组下设办公室，挂靠学校医院，处理公费医疗日常工作。 第六条学校设立教职工医疗补助基金（校发[2004]6号）并成立基金管理小组，基金管理小组下设办公室，挂靠校工会，负责对基金的筹集、管理、评定，对重症病人及家庭特困的教职工给予医疗补助。 第二章享受公费医疗待遇的对象 第七条下列人员有权享受公费医疗待遇： 1. 国家预算内开支工资的在编本校教职工和离退休人员（不含停薪留职人员及人事代理人员）； 2. 享受国家公费医疗拨款的专科生、本科生、研究生； 3. 经学校批准因病长期休养的编外人员、长期供养和待分配的超编人员；经批准因病休学一年保留学籍的公费学生； 4. 本校应届毕业生因病不能分配工作在一年以内者； 5. 留学生由外事处、大集体职工由用人单位每年定期按规定 交款后享受公费医疗待遇。 第三章公费医疗的定点医院 第八条按照方便、有效原则确定定点医院。 (一) 学校师生员工公费医疗的定点医院是：协和医院、同济医院、梨园医院、武汉大学中南医院、军区总医院、省中医学院附属医院、省肿瘤医院、武汉

英国社会与文化复习重点

Unit 1 1.The full name of Britain is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 2.The UK is made up of England , Scotland ,Wales and Northern Ireland. Q: What are the three most descriptive words you associate most with British people? Reserved ，modest ，humorous Unit 2 1. Queen Elizabeth Ⅱis “Defender of the faith”, because she is the supreme governor of Church of England and defends the freedom of the faith.她是英国教会的最高统治者，扞卫信仰自由 2. The executive power is in the hands of Prime Minister. 3. Nicknames of the kings or queens: Mary Ⅰ, ElizabethⅠ, Richard Ⅰ, Edward Ⅰ, William Ⅰ Mary Ⅰ--------- Bloody Mary （Because of the numbers of protestants executives） ElizabethⅠ----- Virgin Queen （Because she never married.） Richard Ⅰ-------the “lion heart”（Because he was famous for his exploits in the third Crusade.） Edward Ⅰ-------long shanks（because he had long legs） William Ⅰ-------the conqueror（he?was?the?victor?at?the?Battle?of?Hasting） Q: What are the queen’s state functions? ①The Queen approves the appointment of Ministers and the formation of a cabinet.女王 批准任命部长，并组建内阁 ②The Queen summons Parliament and introduces the session with a speech from the Throne in which she summarizes the government’s program.女王召唤议会并用一场演讲介绍政府计划 ③The Queen gives her assent to Bills before they become law.法案成为法律之前要得到 女王的同意 ④The Queen concludes treaties and declares war , makes appointments to all offices of State and Church , dismiss Parliament when the government has been defeated or has reached the end of its term , and chooses a new Prime Minister.宣布战争 ⑤The Queen is informed and consulted on every aspect of national life.关心国民生活

英美概况英国的扩张(英文版)

Small Island，Big world As it is a fact that England has been a big country in the world for a long period,not only on the land ,but also on the sea.The British Empire was the largest country at that time,which occupied about 33 million square kilometers,taken up one fifth of the world’s total dry land and about 135 tomes as large as Great Britain.It ruled over a population of 560 million,which was more than ten times as large as that of Britain.It was called an empire “on which the sun never set”.Because on almost all the continents of the world Britain had its colonies that kept the sun can be seen on the sky all the time. Britain’s Overseas Expansion British overseas expansion was clearly part of an older tradition of European empire building.They traced this back to classical Greece and Rome,Spanish and Portuguese expansion following Columbus’ voyage to the new world. Britain’s overseas expansion was begin with several battles against Spanish during Elizabeth ’era.Elizabeth avoided open hostility with Spain,but she secretly encouraged English seadogs to raid Spanish colonies and plunder the Spanish ships that were returning back home to Spain.At first,the Spanish king did not know that Britain was their most dangerous rival or Elizabeth’s intention until Spanish king Philip was at the helm of the state.So ,in 1588,the king dispatched a fleet of 130 vessels which named “the Invincible Fleet ”to England.The fleet sailed up the English Channel and a large naval battle out.The English battleships threw their enemies into panic with fire ships.The badly battered the Spanish’s fleet fled to northward in confusion.Caught in a storm ,many of the Spanish warships died and only half of them survived and went back to Spain,never dare to come to England again. The lost of the war made Spain lose its lead position on the sea,while ,on the other hand,Britian could take over Spanish power became the leader.The victory not only established the position of England as a major sea power but also paved the way for its foreign expansion as a colonizing nation.What’s more,British overseas expansion helped the state gather many property for this empire’s construction. British Foreign Expansion In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries,Britain experience the Industrial Revolution.It is a big event for all the British.During the Industrial Revolution,a varity of chater companies were the tentacles and they spearheaded the foreign expansion and colonization.These companies,such as the East India Company,had the right to use the English Navy.Charter companies would first force a foreign country to open its market,then they would control the market and establish the British sphere of influence.If the British had occupied the land,the natives would have to leave their land or controlled by them.At the same,as a result of the Industrial Revolution,the empire was quite eager for raw material and expanding its foreign market.So the Britain began to expand its colonies all over the world. The expansion began with the colonization of Newfoundland,soon,many continents had became British colonies. In Asia,the East India company was founded in 1600.At first,it traced with India through a few trading posts it had managed to secure on the coast and the southern tip of the peninsula.They also managed to edge out the French and Portuguese colonists who had also come for conquest.By 1819 the British conquest of India was almost complete.The British aggression caused anger