大学英语精读第3册 第1课 课文及课后答案

UNIT 1
TEXT
A young man finds that strolling along the streets without an obvious purpose can lead to trouble with the law. One misunderstanding leads to another until eventually he must appear in court for trial.

A Brush with the Law
I have only once been in trouble with the law. The whole process of being arrested and taken to court was a rather unpleasant experience at the time, but it makes a good story now. What makes it rather disturbing was the arbitrary circumstances both of my arrest and my subsequent fate in court.
It happened in February about twelve years ago. I had left school a couple of months before that and was not due to go to university until the following October. I was still living at home at the time.
Once morning I was in Richmond, a suburb of London near where I lived. I was looking for a temporary job so that I could save up some money to go traveling. As it was a fine day and I was in no hurry, I was taking my time, looking in shop windows, strolling in the park, and sometimes just stopping and looking around me. It must have been this obvious aimlessness that led to my downfall.
It was about half past eleven when it happened. I was just walking out of the local library, having unsuccessfully sought employment there, when I saw a man walking across the road with the obvious intention of talking to me. I thought he was going to ask me the time. Instead, he said he was a police officer and he was arresting me. At first I thought it was some kind of joke. But them another policeman appeared, this time in uniform, and I was left in no doubt.
'But what for?' I asked.
'Wandering with intent to commit an arrestable offence,' he said.
'What offence?' I asked.
'Theft,' he said.
'Theft of what?' I asked.
'Milk bottles,' he said, and with a perfectly straight face too!
'Oh,' I said.
It turned out there had been a lot of petty thefts in the area, particularly that of stealing milk bottles from doorsteps.
Then I made my big mistake. At the time I was nineteen, had long untidy hair, and regarded myself as part of the sixties' 'youth counterculture'. As a result, I wanted to appear cool and unconcerned with the incident, so I said, 'How long have you been following me?' in the most casual and conversational tone I could manage. I thus appeared to them to be quite familiar with this sort of situation, and it confirmed them in their belief that I was a thoroughly disreputable character.
A few minutes later a police car arrived.
'Get in the back,' they said. 'Put your hands on the back of the front seat and don't move them.'
They got in on either side of me. It wasn't funny any more.
At the police station they questioned me for several hours. I continued to try to look worldly and au fait with the situation. When they asked me what I had been doing, I told them I'd been looking for a job. 'Aha,' I could see them thinking, 'unemployed.'
Eventually, I was officially charged and told to report to Richmond Magistrates'

Court the following Monday. Then they let me go.
I wanted to conduct my own defence in court, but as soon as my father found out what had happened, he hired a very good solicitor. We went along that Monday armed with all kinds of witnesses, including my English teacher from school as a character witness. But he was never called on to give evidence. My 'trial' didn't get that far. The magistrate dismissed the case after fifteen minutes. I was free. The poor police had never stood a chance. The solicitor even succeeded in getting costs awarded against the police.
And so I do not have a criminal record. But what was most shocking at the time was the things my release from the charge so clearly depended on. I had the 'right' accent, respectable middle-class parents in court, reliable witnesses, and I could obviously afford a very good solicitor. Given the obscure nature of the charge, I feel sure that it I had come from a different background, and had really been unemployed, there is every chance that I would have been found guilty. While asking for costs to be awarded, my solicitor's case quite obviously revolved around the fact that I had a 'brilliant academic record'.
Meanwhile, just outside the courtroom, one of the policemen who had arrested me was gloomily complaining to my mother that another youngster had been turned against the police. 'You could have been a bit more helpful when we arrested you,' he said to me reproachfully.
What did he mean? Presumably that I should have looked outraged and said something like, 'Look here, do you know who you're talking to? I am a highly successful student with a brilliant academic record. How dare you arrest me!' Then they, presumably, would have apologized, perhaps even taken off their caps, and let me on my way.




课文翻译

一位青年男子发现,漫无目的的逛街也会惹官司。误会一场接一场，直到最终他必须出庭受审……
法律小纠葛
我平时就一次陷入法律困境。当时被捕并被传上法院的全过程是件相当不愉快的经历，但现在可用此编个好故事。让人非常烦恼的是我被抓和接着在法庭的命运中那些主观武断的情景。
此事大约发生在十二年前的二月份。那里我已中学毕业了几个月，并要等到该年十月份才能上大学。那段时间，我仍住在家中。
一天早晨，我去了里士满，那是离我的地址不远的伦敦郊区。我正在找一份临时工作以便攒点钱去旅行。由于天气晴朗，且无急事，我便悠闲自得地看看商店橱窗，逛逛公园，甚至有时只是呆站着到处观望。很可能是这种明显的无所事事的样子导致了我的不幸。
事情发生的时间是大约十一点半。我正从地方图书馆走出来，本想在那里找一份工作而一无所获。此时看到一位男士从街对面走来，显然打算和我讲话。我猜想他是向我问时间。然而，他说他

是警官并要逮捕我。起初，我想这是在开玩笑，但接着又来了一位警察，并穿着警服。我便深信不疑了。
“但为什么呢？”我问。
“到处遛达，有作案嫌疑。”他说。
“作什么案？”我问。
“偷窃，”他说。
“偷什么？”我问。
“牛奶瓶，”他说，还做出非常严肃的样子！
“噢，”我说。
事情的缘由是那一带有许多小窃贼，特别是有从门前台阶上盗奶瓶的小偷。
接着，我犯了一个大错误。那时我正十九岁，头发长而蓬乱，并把自己当作六十年代“逆文化年轻人”的一员。因此，我装着一副冷漠的毫不在乎的样子。所以我说“你们跟踪我多久啦？”说话的腔调尽量装出无所谓有样子，就象随便谈话一样。于是在他们看来我是十分熟悉此类事情，这使他们更加坚信我彻头彻尾是个名声不好的人。
几分钟后，一辆警车来了。
“坐到后排去，”他们说：“把手放在前排椅背上，不要挪动。”
他俩坐在我的两边。这倒不是开玩笑的。
在警察局他们审问了我几个小时。我继续尽力做出深谙世故并对此事习以为常的样子。当他们问我一直在干什么时，我告诉他们我一直在找工作。“啊哈，”我可以看到他们在想，“无业者”。
最终，我被正式起诉了并被告知下星期一在里士满地方法院受审。这样他们才放了我。
我本想在法庭上自我辩护。但我父亲一弄清楚事情的原委后，他就请了位很不错的律师。我们星期一出庭时带着各种证人，其中包括作为我品行证人的中学英语教师。但他并未被传唤出具证词。我的“审讯”没有达到那一步。一刻钟后法官就宣布取消了这个案例，我无罪释放了。可怜的警察完全无话了。我的律师甚至要警察承担诉讼费用。
所以我就没有了犯罪记录。但当时，非常令人震惊的是宣布我无罪所明显依赖的事实。即我操着标准的口音，我受人敬重的中产阶级的父母到了法庭，我有可靠的证人，并且看得出我能请得起一位很好的律师。想到这次起诉时那种莫明其妙的做法，我敢肯定如果我出生于另一种背景的家庭，并真正是失了业，那很有可能我被判为有罪。当要求判定各种费用时，我的律师的辩词非常明显地围绕着我有着优秀的学校纪录的事实。
同时，就在法庭外面，一位逮捕我的警察正在垂头丧气地向我的母亲抱怨说又一位小伙子要与警察作对了。“我们在抓你的时候，你要是帮帮忙就好了。”他用责备的口气对我说。
他到底是什么意思？其可能情况是我应该做出大发脾气的样子并说些这样的话，“喂，听着，你知道你们在和谁讲话吗？我是学校里品学兼优的学生。你胆敢抓我吗？”然后，他们可能

向我道歉，甚至可能会脱帽致意，让我扬长而去。

NEW WORDS
brush n. brief fight or encounter
小冲突;小接触
n.[C]
1. (常构成复合词)刷,刷子
2. 毛笔,画笔
I paint with a brush.
我用画笔作画。
3. 刷状物
4. 一刷,一拂,一抹
5. 小接触,小摩擦,小争吵[(+with)]
I had a brush with the customs men.
我与海关官员小冲突了一场。

process n. course; method, esp. one used in manufacture
过程;制作法
n.[C]
1. 过程,进程
I will tell you, sooner or later, all the complicated process.
我早晚要将整个复杂过程告诉你。
2. 步骤;程序;工序;制作法
They are using a new process to make glass.
他们正在用一种新方法制造玻璃。
3. 【印】照相制版术
4. 【律】诉讼程序;传票

court n. 法院;法庭
n.
1. 法庭,法院;(开)庭[C][U]
The court found him guilty.
法庭判他有罪。
2. (一次开庭的)全体法官[the S][J]
3. (网球等的)场地[C][U]
He met her on the tennis court.
他与她在网球场上相遇。
4. 庭院,院子[C]
5. 短巷,死巷[C]
6. 朝廷;朝臣[the S][G];宫廷;王宫;(君主的)召见[C][U]
7. (向女性的)求爱;殷勤[U]

arbitrary a. based on one's own opinion only, not on reason
任意的;武断的
a.
1. 随心所欲的,武断的
This is an arbitrary decision.
这是个武断的决定。
2. 反复无常的,任性多变的
She married an artist with an arbitrary character.
她嫁给一个性格反复无常的艺术家。
3. 独断的,专制的
Dictators are arbitrary rulers.
独裁者即独断专横的统治者。



circumstance n. conditions, facts, connected with an event or person
情况;环境
n.
1. 情况,环境;情势[P]
In normal circumstances I would have resigned immediately.
在正常情况下,我本会马上辞职的。
2. 事件,事实;(有关)事项[C]
His arrival was a happy circumstance.
他的来到是一件令人高兴的事。
3. 境况;境遇;经济状况[P]
They have been living in reduced circumstances since John lost his job.
约翰失业后,他们一直生活拮据。
4. 细节;详情[C][U]
The explorer told of his adventure with great circumstance.
探险者详细叙述了他的冒险经历。
5. 机遇;命运[C]
He became a victim of circumstances.
他成了命运的牺牲品。

subsequent a. following, later
随后的;接下去的
a.[Z]
1. 后来的,其后的,随后的[B]
The problem will be discussed at length in subsequent chapters.
这个问题将在后面几章详细讨论。
2. (作为结果而)接着发生的[B]
His negligence of duty and subsequent dismissal from his job brought on a crisis in his life.
他玩忽职守,随之遭到解雇,这在他的生活中引起了一次危机。
3. 继...之后的[F][(+to)]
On the day subsequent to his visit, she disappeared.
在他访问的第二天,她失踪了。

fate n.

what will happen or happened to or sth.
命运
n.
1. 命运;天命,天数[U]
We still don't know the fate of the plane's passengers.
我们仍然不知道那架飞机上旅客的命运如何。
They were sure that fate was responsible for their meeting.
他们相信他们相遇是命运的安排。
2. 结局;结果[C]
3. 毁灭;灾难;死亡[U]
4. 【希神】【罗神】(大写)命运三女神[the P]
vt.
1. 命定,注定[H][+to-v]
Our team was fated to win.
我们队注定要赢的。

due a. expected; supposed (to)
预期的;约定的;到期的
a.
1. 应支付的;欠款的;欠的[F][(+to)]
That money is due to me, but I haven't got it yet.
那笔钱是应付给我的,而我至今还未拿到。
2. 应有的,正当的,合适的[B]
He handled it with due care.
他以应有的小心处理这事。
3. 到期的[F]
The bank loan is due this month.
银行贷款本月到期。
4. (车船)预定应到的;预期的;约定的[F][+to-v]
We are due to leave tomorrow.
我们定于明天动身。
Phil's train is due at 7:00 p.m.
菲尔的火车下午七点钟到。
5. 因为,由于[(+to)]
Our happy childhood is due to our father's hard work.
我们幸福的童年应归功于父亲的辛勤工作。
ad.
1. (置于方位词前)正
They were advancing due west into the desert.
他们向正西方向行进,进入沙漠地带。
n.
1. 应得之物;应得权益[C]
She asked no more than her due.
她没有提非分的要求。
2. 应付款;税金[P]
I've already paid my membership dues.
我已经交了我的会员费。
temporary a. lasting only for a limited time
暂时的
a.
1. 临时的;暂时的,一时的[Z]
Ellen has got a temporary job.
艾伦找到一份临时工作。
n.[C]
1. 临时工,临时雇员
She works in the office as a temporary.
她在办公室做临时雇员。
2. 临时事物;临时房屋
The wartime temporaries will be replaced by permanent homes.
那些战时临时住房将被永久性住宅代替。

stroll vi. walk at leisure
散步;闲逛
[ ]
vi.
1. 散步,溜达;缓步走
I used to stroll along the beach on Sundays.
我过去常在星期天沿海滩散步。
2. 流浪,(为谋生)辗转各地
strolling musicians
四处流浪的乐师
3. 巡回演出


obvious a. easily seen or understood, clear
明显的;显而易见的
[ ]
a.
1. 明显的;显著的[(+to)][+that]
It was quite obvious that she was not going home.
很显然她不准备回家。
Her displeasure was obvious.
她的不悦是显而易见的。

downfall n. ruin
垮台;衰落
[ ]
n.
1. 坠落,落下[U]
2. 垮台,没落,覆灭;垮台(或没落)的原因[U]
The revolution brought about the downfall of the dictatorial regime.
革命推翻了独裁政权。
Gambling was his downfall.
赌博是他堕落的缘由。
3. 大阵雨(或雪)[C]
A downfall is expected, so take an umbrella.
估计要下大雨,把伞带

上。

employment n. one's regular work or occupation; job
职业；工作
n.
1. 雇用;受雇[U]
A large office requires the employment of many people.
一个大事务所需要雇用许多人。
2. 职业,工作[U]
He found employment as a mechanic.
他找到了一份机修工的工作。
3. 【书】使用,运用[U][(+of)]
The employment of airplanes sped up delivery.
使用飞机加快了投递的速度。
4. 【书】事务,活动[C]
Picnicking is a pleasant employment for our holidays.
外出野餐是我们假日喜爱的活动。



wander vi. move about without a purpose
闲逛;漫游
[ ]
vi.
1. 漫游;闲逛;流浪;徘徊[(+about/off/over/through)]
He wandered in the streets.
他在街上游荡。
2. 迷路
3. 离开正道;离题[(+from/off)]
During the storm the ship wandered from its course.
船在风暴中偏离了航道。
He wandered from the subject.
他说离了题。
4. (精神)错乱;(思想)混乱;出神,开小差
My attention wandered.
我走了神。
5. (目光等)无目的地移动
6. (河流等)蜿蜒;曲折地流
The stream wanders through the forest.
小溪蜿蜒流过森林。



commit vt. do (wrong, bad, or unlawful)
干坏事;犯错误罪
[ ]
vt.
1. 犯(罪),做(错事等)
I committed an error in handling the business.
我在处理这一业务时犯了一个错误。
2. 使承担义务;使作出保证;使表态[(+to)]
He didn't commit himself to anything.
他没有作任何承诺。
3. 把...交托给;把...提交给;把...付诸[(+to)]
The child was committed to the nurse's care.
孩子被交给护士照顾。
4. 把...押交;把...判处[(+to)]
The judge committed him to ten years' imprisonment.
法官判处他十年徒刑。
5. 拨出,指定...用于[(+to)]
The company committed most of its profits to building new factories.
公司拨出大部分利润建造新工厂。

arrestable a. deserving to be arrested
该当被拘捕的

offence n. crime; the hurting of feelings; something unpleasant
罪行;冒犯;不愉快的事
【英】=offense
[ ]
n.
1. 罪过;犯法(行为);过错[C][(+against)]
For what offence was he arrested?
他是犯了什么罪被捕的?
2. 冒犯;触怒[U]
She meant no offence by the remark.
她说那句话并无恶意。
3. 引起反感的事物[C][(+to)]
That dirty old house is an offence to the eye.
那幢肮脏的旧房子令人看了很不舒服。
4. 进攻,攻击[U]
a weapon of offence
进攻的武器



straight face a face or expression that shows no emotion, humor, or thought
板着的脸

[ ][ ]
a.
1. 笔直的;挺直的
His friend is a tall, slim girl with a straight nose.
他的朋友是位鼻子挺直,身材高而苗条的姑娘。
2. 平直的;平的
3. 整齐的;端正的;有条理的[F]
4. 正直的,坦率的[(+with)]
The boss is not completely straight with us.
上司对我们并不完全坦诚。
5. 正确的

;可靠的
6. 纯粹的,不搀杂的[Z]
7. 连续的,无间断的[B]
It has snowed for three straight days.
已连续下了三天雪了。
8. (戏剧)严肃的,正统的[Z][B]
9. 不表露感情的
10. 不欠债的[F]
11. 【俚】非同性恋的;非吸毒者的
12. 循规蹈矩的;极端古板守旧的


face [ ]
n.
1. 脸,面孔[C]
His face is thin and very tanned.
他的面孔瘦削,晒得黑黑的。
2. 面容,表情[C]
Hilary's face became very grave.
希拉里的面容变得非常严峻。
3. 表面;前面;正面[C]
He laid the cards face down on the table.
他将纸牌正面朝下放在桌上。
4. 【矿】采掘面,工作面[C]
The miners worked at the face eight hours a day.
矿工们在采掘面上每天工作八小时。
5. 面子,尊严;威信[U]
They hushed up the scandal in an effort to save face.
他们掩盖了丑闻以图保全面子。
6. 自信;厚颜[U]
How could she have the face to say that?
她怎么好意思说这话?
7. 【印】铅字面;膜面;(版)面
vt.
1. 面向;正对;使面对
The building faces the big river.
这房子面向着大河。
He turned and faced her.
他转过身来面对她。
2. 面临;勇敢地对付;正视
Face the facts, sir!
正视事实吧,先生!
Lack of funds is the main difficulty that faces them.
他们面临的最大困难是资金不足。
3. 在...上涂以;覆盖[H][(+with)]
The front of the house was faced with concrete.
房屋正面涂着一层混凝土。
vi.
1. 朝;向[Q]
Their house faces east.
他们的房子朝东。






petty a. small; unimportant
小的;不足道的
[ ]
a.
1. 小的,琐碎的;不重要的
petty cash
小额现金
Don't bother me with such petty things.
不要用这种小事情烦我。
2. 小规模的,小型的[Z]
He was arrested for petty theft.
他因小偷小摸被捕。
3. 气量小的,心胸狭窄的
A gossip has a petty mind.
长舌妇往往心胸狭窄。
4. 下级的,职位低的[Z]
petty officer
(海军)士官;下士
Authority was distributed among hundreds of petty leaders.
职权由数百名小头头分掌。




doorstep n. a step in front of a door
[ ]
n.
1. 【建】门阶[C]



regard vt. consider in the stated way
把...看作;把...认为(as)
vt.[W]
1. 把...看作,把...认为[(+as)]
He is regarded as the best doctor in town.
他被公认为城里最好的医生。
2. (常用于否定句)注重,注意,考虑
You seldom regard my advice.
你很少考虑我的劝告。
3. 尊敬,尊重[O]
She regards her teacher highly.
她很尊重她的老师。
4. 看待;注视,凝视[O][(+with)]
Denny regarded his uncle with wide eyes.
丹尼睁大双眼凝视他的伯伯。
5. 与...有关
This does not regard me at all.
这与我毫无关系。




counterculture n. a culture, of the young who oppose the traditional standards and customs of their society
反主流文化
[ ]
n.

1. 反文化



unconcerned a. not worried; untroubled; indifferent
无忧虑的;淡漠的
[ ]
a.
1. 不担心的,不在乎的[(+about)]
Tom seems quite unconcerned about his own future.
汤姆似乎对自己的前途抱无所谓的态度。
2. 不感兴趣的,漠不关心的[Z][F][(+with)]
be unconcerned with politics
对政治不感兴趣
3. 无关的;未介入的[Z][F][(+with)]
The report is unconcerned with details.
报告未涉及细节。




casual a. careless; informal
漫不经心的;随便的
[ ]
a.
1. 偶然的,碰巧的
My car had stalled and I sought help from casual passers-by.
我的车发动不起来了,我就向碰巧路过的人求助。
2. 随便的,漫不经心的
He tried to appear casual.
他试图显得随便一点。
3. 不拘礼节的,非正式的
4. 临时的,不定期的[B]
He worked as a casual laborer and did not earn much.
他当临时工,没有赚多少钱。




conversational a. of or commonly used in talking
会话(用)的
[ ]
a.
1. 会话的;会话体的;供会话的
conversational French
日常会话用的法语
2. 健谈的;善谈的
All your brothers are conversational.
你几个兄弟都很健谈。



confirm vt. make certain; support
证实;肯定;确认
[ ]
vt.
1. 证实;确定[+(that)][+wh-]
His letter confirmed everything.
他的信证实了一切。
2. 坚定;加强
The latest developments confirmed me in my belief.
最新的发展使我坚信我的信仰。
3. 批准,确认
The queen confirmed the treaty.
女王批准了此项条约。
4. 【宗】给...施坚信礼



belief n. something believed; trust
相信;信念;信仰
[ ]
n.
1. 相信;信任,信赖[U][S][(+in)][+(that)]
My father hadn't much belief in doctors of traditional Chinese medicine.
我父亲不太相信中医。
2. 信念,看法[U][S][+(that)]
My belief is that the visiting team will lose.
我看客队会输。
3. 信仰[C][(+in)]
4. 信条,教义[C]
He explained the beliefs of Taoism to us.
他向我们讲解了道教教义。
thoroughly ad. completely; in every way
完全地;彻底地
[ ]
ad.
1. 彻底地;认真仔细地
They had not studied the language very thoroughly.
他们没有很仔细地研究这一语言。
2. 完全地;非常,极其

thorough
[ ]
a.
1. 彻底的;完全的
The film was a thorough success.
这电影获得极大的成功。
You must promise me to take a thorough rest.
你得答应我彻底休息一下。
2. 周密的;完善的
The doctor was very thorough in his examination of the sick child.
医生对生病的孩子进行了仔细的检查。
3. 十足的,彻头彻尾的[B]
He is a thorough scoundrel.
他是一个十足的无赖。
4. (人)十分仔细的
She is not brilliant, but she is thorough.
她并非才华横溢,但很仔细。


disreputable a. having or showi

ng a bad character; having a had name
声名狼籍的
[ ]
a.
1. 名誉不好的;声名狼藉的
2. 肮脏的;破旧的

worldly a. experienced in the ways of society
老于世故的
[ ]
a.
1. 世间的;尘世的;今世的[Z][B]
He made a will leaving all his worldly goods to his daughter.
他立了份遗嘱把他全部财产留给了他女儿。
2. 老于世故的,善于处世的
3. 俗气的;追名逐利的
au fait a. familiar
熟悉的;精通的

aha a cry of surprise, satisfaction,
啊,哈

magistrate n. civil officer acting as a judge in the lowest courts
地方法官
[ ]
n.[C]
1. 地方行政官;文职官员
The President is the chief magistrate of the United States.
总统是美国的最高行政官。
2. 地方法官;治安推事
The thief was brought before the magistrate.
窃贼被带到地方法官前受审。

conduct direct the course of; manage
处理;主持;引导指挥
[ ]
vt.
1. 引导,带领
He conducted the members of the audience to their seats.
他引观众到他们的座位上。
2. 实施;处理;经营,管理
They hired agents to conduct their affairs.
他们雇请代理人来处理他们的事务。
3. 为人,表现[O]
4. 指挥(军队,乐队等)
Mr. Green will conduct the orchestra.
格林先生将指挥这支管弦乐队。
5. 【物】传导(热,电等)
Most metals conduct electricity.
大多数金属能导电。
vi.
1. 引导,带领
2. 指挥乐队
conduct
[ ]
n.[U]
1. 行为,品行,举动
She always got the good conduct prize.
她总是得到品行优良奖。
defence n. the act of defending in court the person who has been charged
辩护
[ ]
n.
1. 防护;防御
Offence is the best defence.
进攻是最好的防御。
2. 国防[U]
The government has reduced its expense on defence.
政府减少了国防开支。
3. 防御物[C];防御工事[P]
The country put up a strong defence against the enemy's invasion.
为了抵制敌人的侵略,这个国家布置了坚固的防御工事。
When the war ended all defences stopped, too.
战争结束时防御工事也停止了。
4. 【律】答辩;抗辩[C]
His defence was weak.
他的答辩软弱无力。
5. 【律】被告[U]
a witness for the defence
被告的证人




solicitor n. lawyer who advises clients on legal matters and speaks on their behalf in lower courts
(初级)律师
[ ]
n.[C]
1. 恳求者;掮客;推销员;募捐者
a magazine solicitor
杂志推销员
2. 【英】初级律师
I was advised to put the matter into the hands of a solicitor.
人家劝我把这件事交给律师处理。
3. 【美】法务官







witness n. a person who gives evidence in a court of law; serving as evidence or proof
证人;证据
[ ]
n.
1. 目击者;见证人[C][(+of/to)]
I was a witness to the argument.
我是那场争论的见证人。

2. 【律】证人;证物;连署人[C]
He was called as a defense witness.
他被传唤作被告的证人。
3. 证词[U]
She was punished for giving false witness.
她因作伪证受到惩处。
4. 证据,证明[C][(+to)]





trial n. the cat or fact of examining and deciding a civil or criminal case by a law court
审判
[ ]
n.
1. 试;试用;试验[C][U]
The trials show that smoking will do harm to people.
试验显示抽烟对人体有害。
2. 考验;磨炼;艰苦[C][U]
3. 棘手的事;讨厌的人[S][(+to)]
His blindness is a great trial to him.
眼睛瞎对他来说是非常麻烦的事。
4. 审问,审判[U][C]
He was brought to trial on charges of arson.
他以纵火罪被送法院审理。
5. 尝试,努力[C]
They succeeded in the experiment on the fifteenth trial.
他们在第十五次试验时获得了成功。


dismiss vt. (of a judge) stop (a court case)
驳回,对...不予受理
[ ]
vt.
1. 让...离开;把...打发走[(+from)]
He was dismissed from the hospital a week later.
他一周之后出了医院。
2. 解散,遣散
The teacher dismissed the class on time.
教师按时下课。
3. 免...的职;解雇;开除[(+from)]
He was dismissed from his job.
他被开除了。
4. (从头脑中)去除,不考虑,抛弃[(+from)]
She dismissed the idea of going to Paris.
她打消了去巴黎的念头。
5. 【律】驳回,不受理
The judge dismissed the case for lack of evidence.
法官因缺乏证据而拒不受理这宗案件。


cost n. the cost of having a matter settled in a law court. That paid to the winning party by the losing party
诉讼费
[ ]
n.
1. 费用;成本[C]
We must reduce the production cost.
我们必须降低生产成本。
2. 代价;损失[U][C]
3. 【律】诉讼费用[P]


award vt. give by a decision in a court of law; give or grant by an official decision
判给,授予
[ ]
vt.
1. 授予,给予[(+to)][O1]
Phil was awarded the top prize.
菲尔获得头奖。
2. 判给[(+to)][O1]
The judge awarded him $1000 as damages.
法官判给他损害赔偿金一千元。

award n.[C]
1. 奖,奖品;奖状
The novel earned him a literary award.
这部长篇小说为他赢得文学奖。
2. 奖学金
accent n. way of speaking typical of the natives or residents of a region, or of any other group
口音;腔调
[ ]
n.
1. 重音;重音符号[C]
2. 口音,腔调[C]
Judging by her accent, she must be a Southerner.
从她的口音判断,她准是南方人。
3. 语调,声调[P1]
4. 强调,着重[U][(+on)]
The Government put the accent on light industry.
政府注重轻工业。
5. 特点,特色[U]
6. (诗歌中词或音节的)重读[C]
vt.
1. 重读;加重音符号于
Accent the word "energy" on the first syllable.
"energy"这个词重读第一音节。
2. 强调,着重,极力主张
Throughout his speech the minister accented the gravity of the energy situation.
部长的演

说自始至终强调能源形势的严重性。
3. 带...口音讲话


respectable a. deserving respect
值得尊敬的
[ ]
a.
1. 值得尊敬的
Our new neighbors are very respectable people.
我们的新邻居是十分可敬的人。
2. 名声好的;体面的
It is not respectable to spit on the sidewalk.
在人行道上吐痰是不文雅的。
3. (质、量等)不错的,相当的,可观的
a respectable sum of money
相当数目的一笔钱





reliable a. that may be relied or depended upon
可靠的;可信赖的
[ ]
a.
1. 可信赖的;可靠的;确实的
I found this to be a reliable brand of washing machines.
我觉得这是一种牌子可靠的洗衣机



given prep taking into account; if allowed or provided with
考虑到;假定
[ ]
prep.
1. 如果有;假如;考虑到[+(that)]
Given the same treatment again, he is sure to get well.
如果照样再给他治疗一次,他肯定会痊愈。



obscure a. not clearly seen or understood
模糊的;晦涩的
[ ]
a.
1. 暗的,黑暗的;朦胧的
The room is too obscure for reading.
房间太暗,不能看书。
2. 模糊的;含糊不清的;晦涩的,难解的[(+to)]
The meaning of the passage is obscure.
这段文字意义晦涩。
3. 隐匿的;偏僻的
He came from an obscure mountain village.
他来自一个偏僻的山村。
4. 无名的;微贱的
It is written by an obscure young poet.
这是一位不知名的年轻诗人写的。



guilty a. having broken a law; showing or feeling that one has done wrong
有罪的;内疚的
[ ]
a.
1. 有罪的,犯...罪的[(+of)]
He was found guilty.
他被判有罪。
2. 有过失的[(+of)]
The manager was guilty of an important misjudgment.
经理犯了一个重大的判断错误。
3. 自知有过错的,内疚的[(+about)]
I felt guilty after breaking my promise.
我违背诺言后感到内疚。



revolve v. (cause to) go round in a circle
(使)旋转
[ ]
vi.
1. 旋转,自转[(+on)]
The wheels began to revolve slowly.
车轮开始慢慢转动。
2. 沿轨道转[(+round/about)]
The earth revolves round the sun.
地球绕着太阳转。
3. 周期性出现,循环往复
The seasons revolve.
四季循环往复。
4. 盘桓于脑海,一再浮现[Q]
He had an idea revolving in his mind around the new enterprise.
他脑子里反复盘算着那个新企业。
5. 以...为中心,绕着转
Their troubles revolve around money management.
他们的麻烦围绕在金钱处理上。
vt.
1. 使旋转
A small motor revolves the wheels.
一台小马达驱动着轮子旋转。
2. 反复思考,斟酌
He revolved the main points in his mind.
他在心里反复思考了各个重要的方面。


brilliant a. causing great admiration or satisfaction; splendid
辉煌的;卓越的
[ ]
a.
1. 光辉的;明亮的;色彩艳丽的
The moon was

brilliant.
月光明亮极了。
2. 杰出的,优秀的;辉煌的;出色的
He came up with a brilliant idea.
他想出了一个绝妙的主意。
3. 才华横溢的;技艺高超的;英明的
She is a brilliant swimmer.
她是个技艺超群的游泳健儿。
4. 极为顺利的

courtroom n. a room where a law court is held
审判室
[ ]
n.
1. 法庭,审判室[C]



meanwhile ad. during the same period of time
同时
ad.
1. 其间;同时
Mother went shopping; meanwhile, I cleaned the house.
母亲去买东西;我打扫屋子。


gloomily ad. depressedly, dejectedly
忧郁地；沮丧地
[ ]
ad.
1. 阴暗地;阴沉地
2. 阴郁地;忧郁地
"We are in trouble," he said gloomily.
"我们遇上了麻烦,"他沮丧地说道。


complain vi. speak in an unhappy, annoyed, dissatisfied way
抱怨
[ ]
vi.
1. 抱怨,发牢骚;诉说(病痛等)[(+to/about/of)]
I've really got nothing to complain of.
我确实没有什么可抱怨的。
He complained to me about the food.
他向我抱怨伙食不佳。
2. 控诉,投诉[(+to/about/of)]
He complained to the police of the boys stealing his apples.
他向警方控告那些男孩偷他的苹果。


complaint
[ ]
n.
1. 抱怨;抗议;怨言;抱怨的缘由[C][U][(+about/over/against)]
There is no real reason for complaint.
没有什么可抱怨的理由。
2. 【律】控告;控诉[C][(+against/with)]
The storekeeper signed a complaint accusing them of shoplifting.
店主签署了控告书,指控他们在店里扒窃货物。
3. 疾病,身体不适[C]
Arthritis is a common complaint among the elderly.
关节炎是老年人的一种常见病。


reproachfully ad.
责备地
[ ]
ad.
1. 责备地



presumably ad. probably
[ ]
ad.
1. 据推测;大概,可能;想必
Presumably you've read this notice.
你大概已经看到这个通知了



outrage vt. arouse anger or resentment by injury or insult
引起...的气愤
[ ]
n.
1. 恶行,暴行[C][(+on/upon)]
They committed outrages on innocent citizens.
他们对无辜的市民犯下了暴行。
2. 严重的不道德行为;不法行为[C][(+against/on/upon)]
Would the use of H-bombs be an outrage against humanity?
使用氢弹是否违背人道?
3. 侮辱,凌辱;冒犯[C][(+against/on/upon)]
Such a lie is an outrage to anyone who loves the truth.
这样的谎言对任何一个热爱真理的人都是一种冒犯。
4. 义愤,愤慨[U]
Her brow wrinkled with outrage.
她愤慨得皱起了眉。
vt.
1. 激起...的义愤,激怒
The public were outraged by the decision.
公众对这一决定非常愤怒。
2. 对...施暴行
3. 强奸
4. 伤害;违反
Such conduct outrages our rules of morality.
这种行为违背我们的道德准则



successful a. having done what one has tried to do; having gained a high position in life, one's job, etc.
成

功的;有成就的
[ ]
a.
1. 成功的;结果圆满的;胜利的[(+in)]
It was a successful experiment.
那是一次成功的试验。
2. 一帆风顺的;有成就的;发迹的
She was a successful novelist.
她是一个有成就的小说家。



apologize vi. say one is sorry
道歉;谢罪
[ ]
vi.
1. 道歉;认错,赔不是[(+to/for)]
He apologized to her for not going to her party.
他因为没有出席她举行的宴会而向她表示歉意。
2. 辩解,辩护

apology n.
[ ]
n.[C]
1. 道歉;赔罪[(+to/for)]
I owe you an apology for my rudeness last night.
昨天晚上我太粗暴,应该向你道歉。
2. 辩解,辩护
Her open letter was really an apology for her way of life.
她的公开信实际上是对她生活方式的辩护。
3. 【口】勉强的替代物(或人)

PHRASES EXPRESSIONS
Take sb. To court start an action in law against sb.
对某人提出诉讼

a couple of (informal) a small number of, a few, usually two
少数,几(个),一对

save up keep for future use; put money away in the form of savings
储蓄

take one's time do sth. in a leisurely manner; not hurry
慢慢来.不着急

at first at the beginning
起先

turn out prove to be
结果;证明是

call on ask to do sth. esp. formally
要求

stand a chance have an opportunity; be likely to do or get sth.
有机会;有希望

revolve around have as a center or main subject

turn against (cause to) oppose, be hostile to

PROPER NAEMES
Richmond 里士满(英国地名)
Richmond Magistrates' Court 里士满地方法院

NOTES
1 This text is taken from Penguin Advanced Writing Skills compiled by James O'Drisoll.
2 and was not dut to go to university until the following October:
3 stealing milk bottles from doorsteps:
In Britain, milk is delivered to houses in bottles every morning.
4 the sixties' 'youth counterculture':
The word 'counterculture' was coined in the 1960's for the attitude and life style of many young Western people who rejected conventional social values and demanded more personal freedom. Unable to find a more constructive way of struggling against the existing state of affairs in their society, they indulged themselves in sex, drugs, alcohol and rock music, and took great pride in wearing long hair and unusual clothes. The counterculture declined in the late 1970's.
5 a character witness:
a person who gives evidence in a court of law about another person's reputation, conduct and moral qualities
6 getting costs awarded against the police:
getting the magistrate to make the decision that the legal expenses of the case should be paid by the police
7 while asking for costs to be awarded, my solicitor's case quite obviously revolved around ...:
while my solicitor's case asked for costs to be awarded, ti quite obviously revolved around...
8 presumably that I should have looked outraged ...:
presumably he meant that I should h

ave looked outraged ...



STUDY PRACTICE
Words to Drill
Apologize arbitrary award Casual
circumstance commit complain
conduct confirm dismiss due
given guilty meanwhile obvious
process regard reliable respectable
revolve subsequent temporary wander
1. Reading Aloud and Memorizing
1 Read the following passage and learn it by heart, paying special attention to intonation:
And so I do not have a criminal record. But what was most shocking at the time was the things my release from the charge so clearly depended on. I had the ‘right’ accent, respectable middle-class parents in licitor. Given the obscure nature of the charge, I feel sure that if I had come from a different background, and had really been unemployed, there is every chance that I would have been found guilty. While asking for costs to be awarded, my solicitor’s case quite obviously revolved around the fact that I had a ‘brilliant academic record’.


Asking Questions
2 Use the above passage to do question-and-answer practice with your seatmate.
答案 1.D 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.A 8.B
Understanding the Text
1. Judging from the first paragraph of the text, what is the writer's attitude to his story?
A. angry
B. sad
C. amused
D. More than just one of these

2. At the time the story took place the author was ____ .
a. at school
b. at college
c. waiting to attend college late that year
d. working in the local library

3. He went job-hunting in order that he might earn enough money ____ .
a. to support himself
b. to go to university
c. to hire a very good solicitor
d. to take a journey

4. The first man who came up to his was ____ .
a. a uniformed policeman
b. a policeman in plainclothes
c. not a policeman
d. a good joker

5. The court never asked the author's English teacher to give evidence because ___ .
a. the time for the trial was limited to fifteen minutes only
b. the author wanted to conduct his own defence in court
c. the case was dismissed before the trial reached that stage.
d. he was found to be unqualified as a character witness
6. The author believes that he would most probably have been declared guilty if ___ .
a. the magistrate had been less lenient
b. he had really been out of work
c. he had been born in a lower-class family
d. both b and c

7. In the opinion of one of the policemen who had arrested the author, the whole thing might not have occurred if ____ .
a. he had protested strongly at the time instead of trying to look cool and unconcerned with the incident
b. he had begged to be allowed to go home.
c. he hadn't wandered aimlessly
d. they had apologized to him and let him go

8. We can see from the text that the author ____ .
a. has broken the law only once
b. has never broken the law
c. has broken the law on more than one occasion
d. once broke the law without knowing it

4 Answer the following questions:
1. How did the author feel about

the incident at the time it occurred?
What does he think of it how?
答案: The author felt that it was a rather unpleasant experience at the time it happened, but now he thinks he can make a good story from the incident.
2. Why did he go to Richmond?
答案:He went there to look for a temporary job to make enough money to go travelling.

3. What did the author think got him into trouble with the law?
答案:The author thought it must be his obvious aimlessness of wandering in the streets that got him into trouble with the law.

4. What did he see when walking out of the local library?
答案:He saw a man walking across the road with the obvious intention of talking to him.

5. What did the man say to him? Did he take the man's words seriously at first?
答案:The man said that he was a policeman and was going to arrest him. But the author didn’t take the man’s words seriously but thought it was some kind of joke at first.

6. When and how did the author come to see the man was being serious?
答案:At the time when another policeman appeared in uniform, the author came to see the man was serious.

7. What grounds did the policemen have for suspecting that the young man was wandering with intent to steal milk bottles?
答案:First, the policeman saw the young man wandering aimlessly in the streets, sometimes just stopping and looking around him. Then, it turned out there had been a lot of petty thieves in the area who stole milk bottles from doorsteps. On these grounds, the policemen suspected that the young man was wandering with intent to steal milk bottles.

8. What does the author mean by his "big mistake"?
答案:By his “big mistake”, the author means he shouldn’t have had long hair and appeared so cool and unconcerned about the incident, and shouldn’t take himself as part of the sixties’ “youth counterculture”, because all these confirmed the policemen’s suspicion that he was a disrespectable fellow.

9. How did he behave when he was questioned at the police station?
What did the police deicide to do with him?
答案:When he was questioned, he continued to try to look worldly and au fait with the situation. As a result, the police charged him officially and told him to report to Richmond Magistrates’ Court the following Monday.

10. What did his father do when he learned about the incident?
答案:As soon as his father learned about the incident, he hired a good solicitor.

11. What were the things his release from the charge depended on?
答案:The things his release from the charge depended on were his “right” accent, respectable middle-class parents, reliable witnesses, such as, his English teacher as his character witness, and a very good solicitor in particular.

12. What did the policeman probably mean by saying "You could have been a bit more helpful when we arrested you"?
答案:By saying these words, the policeman probably meant that he should h

ave looked very angry and said something like, “Look here, do you know who you’re talking to? I am a highly successful student with a brilliant academic record. How are you arrest me!” Then, they would perhaps have apologized to him and let him go.

5 Topics for discussion:
1. Why does the author describe the circumstances of his arrest and his release from the charge as arbitrary
2. What does the author's brush with the law tell us about his society?

Vocabulary
6 Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions given below. Change the form where necessary.
a couple of take one's time
due turn ... against complain
commit at first subsequent
stand a chance confirm
1. At first the monitor(班长) was reluctant, but then he changed his mind and became very cooperative.
2. It was very clever of her to turn his argument against himself
3. I found a couple of shoes under the bed but they don't make a pair.
4. Dr. Bright always take his time as he examines his patients and treats them with extreme care.
5. Professor Helfand is due to lecture on the nature of the nucleus(原子核) at 2 p. m. today.
6. Wilfred's remarks confirm me in my opinion that he was an honorable (诚实的) young man.
7. For my own part, everything is O. K. I have nothing to complain of.
8. I thought that was the end of the matter but subsequent events proved me wrong.
9. Having practiced for so long, the New York baseball team stand a chance of winning the World Series (美国职业棒球大赛) this year.
10. If the police can prove to the court that Ted has committed the robbery he will be found guilty.

7 Replace the italicized parts in the following sentences with words or expressions from the text:
1. My daughter is expected to graduate from high school in the next half of the year.
2. If we are blind to this, we shall make the gravest error imaginable.
3. The dove, poetically considered to be the symbol of peace, is adored by peace-loving people all over the world.
4. In the past few years my aunt has set aside enough money to buy a house.
5. Weak and lame in one leg, Max never had favourable prospects of getting that job.
6. Those hurt in the explosion were give $ 50,000 damages.
7. I went abroad(国外). At the same time most of my friends went to the Northwest where some got jobs and others continued their studies.
8. I was greatly shocked by the way Henry managed the affairs of such a big business.
9. To our surprise, her unintentional remark about the mission (使命)should have caused a political storm.
10. The expansion of the library on which student life centers is one of the most important problems to be solved.
1.due https://www.sodocs.net/doc/2e8069676.html,mit
3.regarded as 4.has saved up
5.stood a chance 6.were awarded
7.meanwhile 8.conducted
9.casual 10.aroun(which student life)revolves

8 The English language is rich in phrasal verbs. They are used

widely, especially in casual or informal contexts. A phrasal verb is a combination of a verb and one or more particles, which acts like a verb. There are three types of phrasal verbs:
(a)verb + adverb, as "save up" in
I saved up some money to go traveling.
(b)verb + preposition, as "lead to" in
This obvious aimlessness led to my downfall.
(c) verb + adverb + preposition, as "catch up with" in
Cathy has caught up with her class.
Now use the verb in the brackets to form an appropriate phrasal verb you may have learned and replace with it the italicized part in each of the following sentences:
Model: He has also started to examine the workings of that other universe.
(look)
He has also started to look into the workings of that other universe.
1. Joe wrote to say that he had to postpone his visit because of his illness. (put)
2. Despite the noise, they continued working as if nothing were happening. (go)
3. The girl fainted and it was at least half an hour before she regained consciousness. (come)
4. Asked to speak at the meeting, I couldn't very well refuse. (call)
5. Mrs. Stevenson directed her eyes inside the cupboard and found there was not a single lump(方块) of sugar left. (look)
6. It was the rumor that made Joe hostile to his twin brother. (turn)
7. We wondered how Sara was progressing in her new job. (get)
8. Although Anne agreed with me on most points, there was one on which she was unwilling to yield. (give)
9. Visitors could photograph almost anything here without having to request permission. (ask)
10. Whether we make an excursion (远足) or stay home will be determined by tomorrow's weather. (depend)
第8题
1.put off 2.went on
3.came to 4.Called on/upon
5.looked in 6.turned (Joe) against (his own brother)
7.getting on 8.give in
9.ask for 10.will depend on


9 Write down your answers to the following questions, using the words or phrases given in brackets:
1. Did the couple enjoy their visit to Japan?
(but, complain, high cost of living)
1.Yes, but they complained about the high cost of living.
2. What was he doing when he was found in the woods?
(wander around)
2.He was found wandering around.
3. How did he ask her to dance?
(try, appear, casual)
3.He tried to appear casual as he asked her to dance.
4. What do you think of her arrest?
(completely arbitrary, wish, not true)
4.It's completely arbitrary. I wish it weren't true.
5. Was it easy to reach the agreement?
(long, difficult, process)
5.No, it was a long and difficult process.

word Building
10 Analyse the formation of the following words in each group. Give further examples of words with the same prefix.
1. unpleasant, untidy, ___ ,___, ___, ___, ___.
1.un + a. -> a.
uncertain, unafraid, unadvisable, unfamiliar, unequal
2. unemployed, unconcerned, ___ ,___, ___, ___, ___.
2.un + p.p. -> a.
unanswered, unattached, un

expected, unkown, undecided
3. unsuccessfully, unfortunately, ___ ,___, ___, ___, ___.
3.un + ad. -> ad.
unhappily, unskilfully, unconsciously, unnecessarily, uncomfortably
4. undo, unpack, ___ ,___, ___, ___, ___.
4.un + v. -> v.
unsay, undress, untie, unlock, unload


11 Many adjectives ending in -able or -ible are derived from corresponding verbs, e.g.
arrestable <- arrest, movable <- move
resistible <- resist(抵抗)
defensible <-defend.
Can you explain how the following words are formed?
enjoyable <- regrettable <-
changeable <- imaginable <-
permissible <- breakable <-
reliable <- applicable <-
exhaustible <- workable <-
now complete the following sentences with the adjectives listed above.
1. There is no reliable information about the child who was found missing almost a month ago.
2. Bertha's moods are as changeable as the weather in spring.
3. We spent a very enjoyable evening talking about old times.
4. It is absolutely wrong to think that natural resources like aluminum(铝) and petroleum(石油) are not exhaustible .
5. Are slang terms (俚语) permissible in a formal speech?
6. The police admitted to having made a regrettable mistake in arresting an innocent young man.
7. Handle with care, please, These are breakable objects.
8. I had the greatest difficulty imaginable in trying to persuade my employer (雇主) to give up his costly (代介高的) plan.
9. The young technical innovators didn't lose heart although the new system was still not workable.
10. Are the research results applicable over a wide range of circumstances?

12 The prefix counter -means
(a) in opposition to; against:
counteract = act against;
(b) in return:
counterattack - an attack n return;
(c) corresponding:
counterpart = a corresponding part.

Now fill in the blanks with the following words:
Counteract countermeasure
Counterpart countercharge
counterculturist counterattack
1. Miss London brought a coutercharge against the man who accused her of theft.
2. As soon as our troops made a couterattack, the enemy began to retreat.
3. The Chinese premier is the couterpart of the British prime minister. They are both heads of their governments.
4. The government's efforts to couteract inflation proved to be futile.
5. It was reported that the police had developed new countermeasures against hijackers (劫机者).
6. Counterculturists are those young people who oppose the standards and values of established society.

Structure
13 Rewrite the following sentences, using the structure "it turns out that ..."
Model: It so happened that there had been a lot of petty thefts in the area.
It turned out that there had been a lot of petty thefts in the area.
1. It so happened that his methods didn't work at all.
1.It turned out that his methods didn't work at all.
2. It was found out in the end that the necklace was not made of diamond, but of glass.
2.It tur

ned out that the necklace was not made of diamond, but of glass.
3. The "lost" money turned out to be in the safe all the time!
3.It turned out that the "lost" money had been in the safe all the time.
4. The experiment turned out to be much more difficult that they had supposed.
4.It turned out that the experiment was much more difficult than they had supposed.
5. Your nephew has proved to be the most suitable person for the job.
5.It has turned out that your nephew is the most suitable person for the job.
6. To his surprise, the fashionable young lady he spoke to proved to be a pickpocket.
6.To his surprise, it turned out that the fashionable young lady he spoke to was a pickpocket.


14 The word "given" may mean
(a) "if one takes into account" or "considering", as in:
Given the obscure nature of the charge, I would have been found guilty if I had come from a different background.
(b) "if allowed" or provided with, as in:
Given acupuncture treatment for some more time, Jack is sure to get well.
Complete the following sentences:
1. Given his age, it was indeed a miracle that he had done so much in so short a time. 2. Given that they are fresh from university, the young people have done a good job.
3. Given that X equals ten, x minus four is six.
4. Given good health, he can finish the work in a couple of weeks.
5. Given enough manpower and financial support, the goal can certainly be attained.
6. Given the chance, Paul might make it.

cloze
15 Fill in the missing words and phrases:
(A)
It was obvious that the young man on trial was not guilty at all. The nature of the charge was undoubtedly obscure. However, his lawyer conducted his defence successfully. He made it clear that the young man came from a respectable family and was regarded as an excellent student. All the evidence helped to confirm the judge in the fairness of his decision to dismiss the case. The police had never stood a chance of winning the lawsuit. And finally had to apologize. And the young man was awarded court costs. Yet he was far from happy. The arbitrary circumstances of his arrest and the subsequent as serious court trial were an unpleasant experience for him indeed.
(B)
it was 2 a. m. on a hot August night. In a San Francisco suburb, a man staggered(摇摇晃晃地走) out of a bar and got into his car, and roared northward at 80 miles an hour.
Before the police could stop the drink -crazed driver, he had crashed into another car and sent six people to the hospital. At the police station, he was examined by a doctor who confirmed, by a chemical text, what everyone already knew. Six people had been injured because a madman, too drunk even to walk, had gotten behind the wheel.
Is that driver now in jail/prison? Hardly. Police charged the man with felony(严重违法的) drunken driving, reckless driving, and driving on the wrong side of the highway. When he was taken to court the felony charge was dismissed. Th

e injured were there, ready to testify, but they weren't even called to the stand. The two lesser charges brought a fine of only $ 200 and a license suspension (驾驶执照暂行吊销)of 90 days.
Let's move up the coast now to Portland, Oregon, where a crazy motorist was brought into court after killing his victim and running from the scene. Did he end up in prison? Not at all. The killer, after paying a $ 75 fine, walked out of the court a free man.
These cases are not exceptional (个别例外的). New York City's magistrates last year discharged nearly two-thirds of all the defendants (被告) who were tried before them for drunken/drunk driving. Of those they convicted, 91 percent were let off with either a suspended sentence or a small fine. Not a single one who received jail sentences served more than 30 days.
Records such as these go a long way toward explaining why some 32,000 people are still killed on our highways every year and 1,100,000 others are injured.

Translation
16 Translate the following sentences into English:
1. 发言人(spokesman)明确表示总统在任何情况下都不会取消这次旅行(under any circumstances).
1.The spokesman made it clear that the President would not cancel the trip under any circumstances.
2. 我们相信他所说的,因为他受过良好的教育,出生于受人尊敬的家庭,更重要的是他为人可靠.
2.We believe what he has said, because he is well-educated, comes from a respectable family, and what's more, he is realiable.
3. 随后发生的那些事件再次证明了我的猜疑(suspicions)是对的(confirm).
3.The subsequent events confirmed my suspicions once again.
4. 在赛后举行的记者招待会上,这位足球教练(coach)因该队表现不佳(poor performance)而向球迷们致歉(apologize to sb. For sth.).
4.At the press conference held after the game, the football coach apologized to the fans for his team's poor performance.
5. 令我们吃惊的是,这位常被赞为十分正直的州长(governor)竟然是个贪官(corrupt official).(turn out to be)
5.To our surprise, the governor who had often been praised for his honesty turned out to be a corrupt official.
6. 只有少数工作得到提升(be promoted),在这同时却有数百名工人被解雇(be dismissed).
6.A few workers were promoted, but meanwhile hundreds of workers were dismissed.
7. 如果有机会,约翰也许已成为一位杰出的画家了(given).
7.Given the chance, John might have become an outstanding painter.
8. 起初我以为是开玩笑,可后来我知道他是当真的.
8.At first I thought he was joking, but then I realized he was serious.