a. LOAD 荷载
b. GROUND BASE AND FOUNDATION 地基及基础
c. REINFORCEMENT CONCRETE STRUCTURE 钢筋混凝土结构
d. STEEL STRUCTURE 钢结构
e. DESIGN FOR ANTISEISMIC 抗震设计
f. GENERAL WORDS FOR DESIGN 设计常用词汇
g. GENERAL WORDS FOR CONSTRUCTION 施工常用词汇
a. Load 荷载
拔力 pulling force
标准值 standard value
残余应力 residual stress
冲击荷载 impact load, punch load
残余变形 residual deformation
承压 bearing
承载能力 bearing capacity
承重 bearing, load bearing
承重结构 bearing structure
脆性材料 brittle material
脆性破坏 brittle failure
抵抗力 resisting power, resistance 吊车荷载 crane load
分布荷载 distributed load
风荷载 wind load
风速 wind velocity, wind speed
风压 wind pressure
风振 wind vibration
浮力 buoyance, floatage
符号 symbol, mark
负弯矩negative moment, hogging moment
附加荷载 additional load
附加应力 additional stress
副作用 side effect, by-effect
刚度 rigidity
刚度比 ratio of rigidity 刚度系数 rigidity factor
刚接 rigid connection
刚性节点 rigid joint
恒载 dead load
荷载传递 transmission of load
固端弯矩 fixed-end moment
活荷载 live load
积灰荷载 dust load
集中荷载 concentrated load
加载, 加荷 loading
剪力 shear, shearing force
剪切破坏 shear failure
剪应变 shear strain
剪应力 shear stress
简支 simple support
静定结构statically determinate structure
截面模量 modulus of section, section modulus
静力 static force
静力分析 static analysis
局部压力local pressure, partial pressure
局部压屈 local bulkling
绝对值 absolute value
均布荷载 uniformly distributed load 抗拔力 pulling resistance
抗剪刚度 shear rigidity
抗剪强度shear strength, shearing strength
抗拉强度 tensile strength
抗扭 torsion resistance
抗扭刚度 torsional rigidity
抗弯 bending resistance
抗弯刚度 bending rigidity
抗压强度compressive strength, compression strength
可靠性 reliability
可靠性设计 reliability design
拉力 tensile force
拉应力tensile stress, tension stress
拉应变tensile strain, tension strain
临界点 critical point
临界荷载 critical load
临界应力 critical stress
密度 density
离心力 centrifugal force
摩擦力 friction force
摩擦系数 frictional factor
挠度 deflection
内力 internal force, inner force
扭矩moment of torsion, torsional moment
疲劳强度 fatigue strength
偏心荷载eccentric load, non-central load
偏心距eccentric distance, eccentricity
偏心受拉 eccentric tension
偏心受压 eccentric compression
屈服强度 yield strength
使用荷载 working load
水平力 horizontal force
水平推力 horizontal thrust
弹塑性变形elastoplastic deformation
弹性 elasticity, resilience, spring 塑限 plastic limit
弹性变形 elastic deformation
塑性变形 plastic deformation
弹性模量 modulus of elastic, elastic modulus
体积 volume, bulk, cubature, cubage 土压力 earth pressure, soil pressure 弯矩 bending moment, moment
弯曲半径 radius at bent, radius of curve
位移 displacement 温度应力 temperature stress
温度作用 temperature action
系数 coefficient, factor
雪荷载 snow load
压应变 compression strain
压应力 compression stress
应力集中 concentration of stress
预应力prestressing force, prestress
振动荷载vibrating load, racking load
支座反力 support reaction
自重 own weight
作用 action, effect
作用点point of application, application joint
b. Ground Base and Foundation 地基及基础
板桩 sheet pile, sheeting pile
板桩基础 sheet pile foundation
饱和粘土 saturation clay
冰冻线 frost line, freezing level 不均匀沉降unequal settlement, differential settlement
残积土 residual soil
沉积物 deposit, sediment
沉降 settlement
沉降差 difference in settlement
沉降缝 settlement joint
沉井 sinking well, sunk well
沉箱 caisson
持力层 bearing stratum
冲积 alluviation
锤夯 hammer tamping
档土墙 retaining wall, breast wall 底板 base slab, base plate, bed plate 地板 floor board
地基 ground base, ground
地基承载力 ground bearing capacity 地基处理ground treatment, soil treatment
地基稳定 base stabilization
地梁 ground beam, ground sill
地漏 floor drain
地下工程substructure work, understructure work
地下室 basement, cellar
地下水 ground water
地下水位groundwater level, water table
地下水压力 ground water pressure
地质报告 geologic report
垫层 bedding, blinding
独立基础isolated foundation, individual foundation
端承桩 end-bearing pile
筏式基础 raft foundation
粉砂 silt, rock flour
粉质粘土 silty clay
粉质土 silty soil
扶壁式档土墙 buttressed retaining wall
腐蚀 corrosion
覆土 earth covering
刚性基础 rigid foundation
沟盖板 trench cover
固结 consolidation
灌注桩 cast-in-place pile, cast in site pile
护坡 slope protection, revetment
护桩 guard pile
环墙 ring wall
灰土 lime earth
回填 backfill, backfilling
回填土 backfill, backfill soil
混凝土找平层 concrete screed
火山灰水泥 trass cement
基槽 foundation trench 基础 foundation, base
基础底板 foundation slab
基础埋深embedded depth of foundation
基础平面图 foundation plan
地基勘探site exploration, site investigation
基坑 foundation pit
集水坑 collecting sump
阶形基础 stepped foundation
结合层binding course, bonding course
井点 well point
井点排水 well point unwatering
开挖 excavation, cutting
勘测 exploration and survey
勘测资料 exploration data
沥青 bitumen, asphalt, pitch
联合基础 combined foundation
卵石 cobble, pebble
埋置 embedment
毛石基础 rubble foundation
锚筋 anchor bar
锚桩 anchor pile
密实度compactness, density, denseness
摩擦桩 friction pile, floating pile 粘土 clay
粘质粉土 clay silt
碾压 roller compaction, rolling
排水 drainage, dewatering
排水沟 drainage ditch
排水孔 weep hole, drain hole
排水设备 dewatering equipment
普通硅酸盐水泥ordinary Portland cement
群桩 grouped piles
容许沉降 permissible settlement
容许承载力 allowable bearing
软土 soft soil
砂垫层sand bedding course, sand cushion
砂土 sandy soil, sands
砂质粉土 sandy silt
设备基础 equipment foundation
水泥搅拌桩 cement injection
素土夯实 rammed earth, packed soil 碎石桩 stone columns
弹性地基 elastic foundation
弹性地基梁beam on elastic foundation
填方 fill, filling
填土earth-fill, earth filling, filling
条形基础 strip foundation
土方工程 earthwork
挖方 excavation work, excavation
箱形基础 box foundation
压实 compaction, compacting
压实系数 compacting factor
验槽 check of foundation subsoil
预制混凝土桩 precast concrete pile 中砂 medium sand
重力式档土墙 gravity retaining wall 桩承台 pile cap
钻孔桩 bored pile
钻探exploration drilling, drilling,
最终沉降 final settlement
c.Reinforcement Concrete Structure 钢筋混凝土结构
板缝 slab joint
板厚 thickness of slab
板式楼梯 cranked slab stairs
板跨度 span of slab
薄壁结构 thin-walled structure
薄腹梁 thin wedded girder
保护层 protective coating 臂式吊车 boom crane, boom hoist
边梁 edge beam, boundary beam
变截面 variable cross-section
变形缝 movement joint
变形钢筋 deformed bar
初凝 initial setting, pre-setting 次梁 secondary beam
大型屋面板 precast ribbed roof slab 单层厂房 one-storied factory
单筋梁beam with single reinforcement
单跨 single span
单向板 one-way slab
垫块 cushion block
垫梁 template beam
吊车梁 crane beam, crane girder
顶棚抹灰 ceiling plastering
端跨 end span, tail bay
多跨连续梁 multi-span beam
翻边 upstand
反梁 upstand beam
分布钢筋 distribution-bar
封闭式箍筋 closed stirrup
附加钢筋 additional bar
刚架 rigid frame, stiff frame
钢筋 reinforcement, steel bar, bar 钢筋表 Bar Schedules
钢筋笼 steel reinforcement cage
钢筋间距spacing of bars, bar spacing
钢筋网 bar-mat reinforcement, mesh reinforcement
钢筋砖 reinforced brick
勾缝 joint pointing
构架 frame, gallows
构件 member, structural member
构造 construction
构造钢筋constructional reinforcement
构造柱onstructional column, tie
column
构筑物 structure
箍筋 hoop reinforcement, hooping
箍筋间距 stirrup spacing
固定端 fixed end, retained end
固端梁 fixed-end beam, fixed beam 过梁 lintel, breast summer
混凝土强度等级 grade of concrete
机制砖 machine-made brick
剪力墙 shear wall
简支梁 simply supported beam
经济跨度 economic span
经济配筋率economic ratio of reinforcement
劲性钢筋 stiff reinforcement
劲性钢筋混凝土结构 steel composite construction
径向钢筋 radial reinforcement
抗剪钢筋 shear reinforcement
抗拉钢筋 tension reinforcement
受压钢筋 compression reinforcement 可见裂缝 visible crack
刻痕钢丝 indented steel wire
坑 pit, hollow, delve
空斗墙 rowlock cavity wall, rolock wall
空心板 hollow slab
空心砖隔墙 hollow tile partition
跨度 span
框架 frame
框架剪力墙结构frame-shear wall structure
拉接钢筋 tie bar
栏杆 railing, banister
栏杆立柱 railing post
老化 aging
累积误差 accumulated error
肋形楼板 ribbed floor slab
冷拔低碳钢丝 cold-drawn low-carbon wire 冷脆性cold shortness, cooling brittleness
冷弯 cold bending
冷轧 cold rolling
离析 segregation
梁垫 beam pad, template, pad
梁挠度 beam deflection
楼梯斜梁 string, stringer
螺旋楼梯spiral stair, winding staircase
马鞍形壳 saddle shell
锚固 anchoring
门框, 门樘 door frame
门式刚架 portal frame
面砖, 墙面砖 facing tile, wall tile 耐火混凝土 fire-resisting concrete 排架 bent, bent frame
女儿墙 parapet wall, parapet
配筋率 reinforcement ratio
配箍率 stirrup ratio
砌块 block
圈梁 ring beam, tie beam, bond beam 山墙 gable
深梁 deep beam
伸缩缝 expansion joint
实腹梁 solid web girder
实腹柱 solid web column
竖向钢筋 vertical reinforcement
双向配筋 two-way reinforcement
素混凝土 plain concrete
筒中筒结构 tube-in-tube structure 网状钢筋 steel mesh reinforcement 围堰 cofferdam, coffer
无梁楼盖 flat slab, flat plate
系梁 tie beam
预应力钢筋混凝土prestressed reinforced concrete
预应力构件 prestressed component
预制 prefabrication
预制板 precast slab
预制构件 prefabrication component 预制装配式结构prefabricated construction
折板 folded plate, folded slab
折板结构 folded-plate structure
主筋 main reinforcement, main bar 主梁 main beam, girder
柱距 column spacing, post spacing 装配式结构 fabricated structure
纵梁 longitudinal beam
纵剖面 longitudinal section
纵向钢筋 longitudinal bar
d. Steel Structure 钢结构
薄壁型钢 light-gauge steel section, hollow steel section
不等肢角钢 unequal angle steel
槽钢 channel, channel steel
背对背角钢组合 angles back to back 不锈钢 stainless steel
除锈 rust-removal
粗制螺栓 rough bolt, black bolt
带钢 strip steel, band iron
单面焊 single weld, one-side welding 地脚螺栓foundation bolt, anchor bolt,holding down bolt
点焊 spot welding, point welding
电动葫芦 electric hoist
等边角钢equal angle, equal leg angle
对接焊, 对焊 butt welding
腹板 web plate, web
腹杆 web member
腹板加劲件 web stiffener
杆 rod, bar
钢板 steel plate
钢管 steel tube, steel pipe
钢桁架 steel truss
钢框架 steel frame 钢梯, 爬梯 steel ladder
高强度螺栓 high strength bolt
格构柱 lattice column
工字梁 I-girder, I-beam
工字钢 I-steel
工字形截面 I-shaped cross-section 焊缝 welding seam
焊接 welding
焊接长度 weld length
焊条 welding rod
桁架 truss
红丹底漆 red lead primer
红丹漆 red lead paint
加劲肋 stiffening rib, rib stiffener 加劲板 stiffening plate
角钢 angle steel
节点 joint, node
节点板 gusset plate, gusset
节点位移 joint displacement
节间长度 panel length
紧固螺栓 clamp bolt, fastening bolt 精制螺栓 turned bolt
可焊性 weldability
空腹桁架 open-web truss
空间桁架 space truss
肋板 ribbed panel, ribbed slab
连接板 connecting plate, joint plate 檩条 purline
螺母 screw nut, nut
螺栓 bolt
螺栓孔 bolt hole
螺纹 screw thread, thread
螺纹长度 length of thread
螺纹钢screw-threaded steel, twisted steel
拉杆 tie rod, tension rod
满焊 full weld
铆钉 rivet
锰钢 manganese steel
喷砂 sand blasting
轻钢结构lightweight steel construction
三角架 tripod
上弦 top chord, upper chord
上弦横向水平支撑upper lateral bracing
上弦纵向水平支撑 upper longitudinal bracing
平面桁架 plane truss
实腹刚架 solid web rigid frame
塔架 pylon bent
特种钢 special steel
调和漆 mixed paint
贴角焊 fillet weld, fillet welding 托架 bracket
网架结构 grid structure
屋架 roof truss, principal
无缝钢管 seamless steel pipe
系杆 tie rod, tie bar, tie
下弦 bottom chord, lower chord
下弦横向水平支撑bottom lateral bracing
斜撑diagonal brace, diagonal bracing
型钢 section steel, shaped steel
悬索suspended cable, suspension cable
压力焊 pressure welding
仰焊overhead welding, inverted welding
翼缘 flange
翼缘板 flange plate, cover plate
轧制型钢 rolled steel section
支撑 bracing, strutting
铸铁管 cast iron pipe
组合槽钢 built-up channel
组合截面built-up section,compound section
自动焊接 automatic welding e. Design for Antiseismic 抗震设计
鞭梢效应 whipping effect
场地类别 site classification
场地土 site soil
单自由度体系single-degree of freedom system
底部剪力法equivalent base shear method
地震 earthquake, seism
地震烈度earthquake intensity, seismic intensity
地震烈度区划图map of seismic intensity zoning
地震影响系数seismic influence coefficient
地震作用 earthquake action
多自由度体系multi-degree of freedom system
反应谱 response spectrum
抗震 earthquake resistance
抗震缝 seismic joint, aseismic joint 抗震构造 aseismic construction
抗震设防 earthquake fortification 抗震设计 seismic design
共振 resonance
基本周期 foundamental period
里氏震级 Richter magnitude
烈度 intensity
设计近震 design near earthquake
设计远震 design far earthquake
时程分析法 time history method
液化 liquefaction
振型 vibration mode
振型分解法 modal analysis method
震源 earthquake focus
震中 earthquake epicenter
自由度 degree of freedom
自振周期 natural period of vibration
f. General Words for Design 设计常用词汇
安装 installation, erection
报价 offer, quoted price
报价单 quotation
壁柱 pilaster, mural column
变更alteration, variation, modification
变形 deformation
标高 elevation, level
标准 standard, criterion
标准大样 standard detail
标准图 standard drawing
补充规定 additional regulations
补充说明 additional remarks
补充条件 supplementary conditions 不对称 asymmetry
布置 arrangement, layout
布置图 layout plan, layout
材料 material
材料表 bill of materials
材料强度 strength of materials
参见详图 referring to detail drawing 参考点 reference point
参数 parameter
操作平台 operating platform
草图 sketch, draft, rough drawing 侧向刚度 lateral rigidity
侧向稳定 lateral stability
侧向约束 lateral restraint
侧向支撑lateral bracing, side bracing
拆除 demolition, removal
长细比 slenderness ratio
厂房 factory building, mill building 超静定 statical indetermination
承包 contract
承包商 contractor
等效截面 equivalent section 底标高 bottom elevation
电梯 lift, elevator, electric lift 电梯井 elevator hoistway, lift well, lift shaft
电梯机房 elevator machine room
方案 scheme, plan, programme
方案设计 schematic plan
方案图 schematic drawing
防爆explosion protection,explosion-proofing
防潮层 damp-proof course
防冻freezing prevention, frost protection
防冻剂 antifreeze compound
防腐 preservation
防腐剂preservative, preservative agent
防滑 slip-resistance
防滑处理 deslicking treatment
防滑条 non-slip insert
防火 fire prevention, fire proofing 防火材料 fireproof material
防火分区 fire compartment
防水 waterproofing
防水材料 waterproof material
防水砂浆 waterproof mortar
防酸 acid proofing
方形 square
防锈 rust prevention
防锈剂 anti-rust agent
防振 vibration protection
分配系数 distribution coefficient 风化 weathering, efflorescence
风向 wind direction
附图 attached drawing
附注 note, annotation
高层建筑 high-rise building
高差 difference in elevation
高跨比 ratio of rise to span
高宽比 depth-width ratio
高耸结构 high-rise structure
隔断 partition, divider
工程 project, engineering
工程量 quantities
工程量表 bill of quantities
工业厂房industrial factory building
工业建筑 industrial architecture
公称直径 nominal diameter
公式 formula
公司 company, corporation
拱 arch
共振resonance, sympathetic vibration
管架 pipe rack
规范 regulation, code
规格 specifications, standards
规模 scale, scope
国家规范 national regulation
国家标准 national standards
合同 contract
横向变形 transverse deformation
横向刚度 lateral rigidity
化工厂 chemical plant
货梯 freight elevator, goods lift 极限承载能力ultimate bearing capacity
纪要 summary
计算书 calculation sheet
技术资料 technical data
剪刀撑, 交叉撑 X-brace, cross brace 简图 sketch, diagram
简支梁 simple beam
交叉 intersection, crossing
交点 intersection point
铰接 hinged connection, hinge joint, pin connection
结构变形 structural deformation
结构图 structural drawing
结构形式 structural style 结构稳定性 structural stability
结论 conclusion, verdict
截面 section
界限limits, bounds, demarcation line
紧急出口 emergency exit
精确度accuracy, precision, excatitude,
局部破坏local failure, partial failure
矩形 rectangular
抗冻 frost resisting
抗风柱 wind resistance column
立面 elevation, facade
粒径 particle diameter
连续梁 continuous beam
两铰拱 two-hinged arch
裂缝 rift, crack, crevice
楼梯 stair
楼梯间 staircase
楼梯扶手 stair rail
楼梯净空 stair headroom
楼梯平台, 休息平台 landing, pace, stair landing
楼梯坡度 pitch of stair, slope of stair
楼梯踏步 stair step
铝合金 aluminum alloy
铝合金窗 aluminum alloy window
民用建筑 civil architecture
摩擦 friction
耐火等级 fire resistance rating
耐久性 durability, endurance
爬梯 cat ladder
疲劳破坏 fatigue failure
频率 frequency
平面布置 plan layout
平台 terrace, platform, deck
平台栏杆 platform railing
剖面 section
剖面图 sectional drawing
侵蚀 corrosion, erosion
倾覆 overturning, toppling
人孔 manhole
容许误差allowable error, permissible error
容许值 permissible value, allowable value
晒图 blueprinting
上部结构 superstructure
设计要求 design requirements
设计资料 design data
伸缩缝 expansion joint
室外楼梯exterior stair, outside stairway
双向板 two-way slab
水平撑 horizontal brace
踏步 step
踏步板 tread
弹簧 spring
填充材料 filling material
填充墙 filler wall
挑板 cantilever slab
挑檐projecting eaves, overhang eaves
停车场 car park, parking lot
通用构件 standard member
通用图 standard drawing
通用详图 standard detail
统一标准 unified standards
统一构件 unified structure element 投标 bid, tender
招标 bidding
图集 collective drawings,collection of drawings
图签 title block
温差 temperature difference
稳定性 stability, steadiness
污水处理sewage disposal, sewage treatment 先张法预应力pretensioned prestressing
现行标准currently effective standards
详图, 大样 detail drawing, detail 橡胶止水带 rubber waterstop
消防 firefighting, fire protection 斜率 slope
卸荷 unloading
卸货平台discharging platform, unloading platform
悬臂 cantilever
悬臂板 cantilever slab
悬臂梁 cantilever beam, overhanging beam
悬挂 hanging suspension
压缩机 compressor
压缩模量 modulus of compression
延性 ductility, ductileness
业主 client, owner
一览表 table, schedule, list
有效截面 effective section
预应力损失loss of prestress,prestressing loss
圆形 circular shape, round
圆柱 circular column, round column 约束confinement, restraint, constraint
约束条件 constrain condition
展开图 developed drawing
栈桥 landing stage, loading bridge 罩棚 awning
折减系数 reduction factor
折算高度 reduced height
支座 support, pedestal
直爬梯 vertical ladder
止水带 water stop
中和轴 neutral axis
重心 center of gravity
周期 period, cycle
转弯半径 turning radius
转动惯量 rotational inertia
装卸平台loading and unloading platform
g. General Words for Construction 施工常用词汇
拌和料 mixture
标准级配 standard grading
补强 strengthening, stiffening
测量 survey, measurement
拆模 form removal
尺寸 dimension, size
抄平 leveling
处理 treatment
搭接lap joint, lapping, overlap joint
搭接长度 splicing length
打底 bedding, priming
打夯, 夯实 ramming, tamping
打桩 pile driving, piling, driving 粗砂 coarse sand
捣实 rodding, tamping
地质勘测geological exploration,geological survey
吊装 hoisting
定位 locating, positioning
堆料区 stacking area
洞口 opening
放大 enlargement, amplification
放线 setting out
放样 lofting, setting out
分层夯实 compaction in layers
分层回填 back-filling in layers
蜂窝麻面 voids and pits
改建 reconstruction, alteration
改造 transformation, remodeling
钢模 steel mould
钢套管 steel thimble, steel sleeve 工厂预制构件 factory-made component 骨料, 集料 aggregate
骨料级配 gradation of aggregate
骨料粒径 aggregate size
贯入度 penetration
灌浆 grouting, grout jection
和易性 workability
后张法 post-tensioning method
含水量water content, moisture content
混凝土剥落 scaling of concrete
混凝土外加剂concrete additive, concrete agent
混凝土浇筑 pouring of concrete
级配 gradation, grading
加固 reinforcement, strengthening 加腋 haunching
间距 spacing, pit
建设 building, construction
建筑安装工程construction and installation work
建筑材料 building materials
建筑结构 building structure
建筑设计院architecture design institute
建筑施工 building construction
检修人孔 inspection manhole
浇筑 pouring, placing, depositing 脚手架 scaffold, scaffolding
结构标高 structural elevation
进度估计 progress estimate
净高 clear height
净距 clear distance
净空 clearance
绝对标高absolute elevation, absolute level
竣工 completion
竣工图“As Built” drawing
开工 commencement of work
扩建 extension, enlargement
离析 segregation
临时设施construction site facilities
临时道路 temporary road
麻面 hungry spots
埋入长度 embedment length
面层 coat, coating
抹灰 plastering, rendering
抹灰面层 finish plaster
模板 form, shutter board
模板工程 formwork
喷涂 spray coating, spraying
膨胀螺栓 expansion bolt, expansion anchor
平整 leveling
平整场地 leveling of ground
坡道, 斜坡道 ramp, slope ramp, slope way
起吊 hoisting
砂浆 mortar
升板 lift slab
升板法施工 lift slab construction 施工 construction
施工单位 construction organization 施工缝 construction joint, working joint
施工图 construction drawing
时效 aging
试样 sample, test sample
收缩 shrinkage, contraction
水灰比 water-cement ratio
水泥 cement
水泥抹面 cement plaster
水泥砂浆 cement mortar
水泥砂浆找平cement mortar screeding
坍落度 slump
梯子 ladder, stepladder
提升模板climbing form,climbing shuttering 温度缝 temperature joint
误差 error, inaccuracy
细骨料 fine aggregate
细石混凝土 fine concrete
现场预制 site prefabrication
现浇混凝土 cast-in-place concrete 相对标高relative elevation, relative level
徐变 creep
养护 curing
永久变形 permanent deformation
预留孔 preformed hole, prepared hole 预埋件embedded parts, embedded inserts
预埋螺栓embedded bolt, inserted bolt
找平 leveling, screeding
找平层leveling coat, leveling course
振捣 vibration
振捣棒poker vibration, vibrating needle, vibrator
支模form erecting, erection of shuttering
最佳级配 optimum gradation
坐标 coordinate
英语词汇与结构 Document number:WTWYT-WYWY-BTGTT-YTTYU-2018GT
词汇与结构真题 1、He helped me ______ my homework. A with B to C about D of 2、- For tonight's homework, do pages 40 and 41 in the workbook. - Professor Hones, I think that is ________ work. A too much B much the more C too hard D hardest 3、I fell and hurt myself while I ________ basketball yesterday. A was playing B am playing C play D played 4、There ________ a book and some magazines on the desk. A is B are C have D has 5、The retired man is used to ________ his two dogs early in the morning. A exercise B exercising C exercised D exercises 6、I earn 10 dollars ______ hour as ______ supermarket cashier on Saturdays. A a… an B the… a C an… a D an… the 7、He has been writing for 3 years, but being a writer is not his ________. A chance B choice C change D character 8、A long time ago, I _______ in London for three years. A had lived B have lived C lived D have been living 9、Nancy is considered to be ________ the other students in her class. A less intelligent B the most intelligent C intelligent as well D as intelligent as 10、It is because he is kind and modest ________ he wins the respect of all presents. A what B which C why D that 11、He _______ lives in the house where he was born. A already B yet C still D ever 12、The race was so close that everyone was _________ at the finish.
16. The guidebook ______ for those who are going to start a business online in this country. A. is intended B. to intend C. intends D. intending 17. Reactions to the online management system were more positive ______ those to a paper-based version of the same system. A. which B. as C. than D. that 18. We all recognize the necessity for people ______ the rights of others. A. respect B. to respect C. respecting D. respected 19. If there's one man ______ opinion matters more than any others', it's our manager.
A. whom B. which C. who D. whose 20. ______ my opinion, customer service here has improved but not as much as expected over the last 2 years. A. On B. In C. For D. With 21. We are sure that we ______ our second project by the end of the next month. A. will have completed B. had completed C. completed D.were completing 22. The bank clerk listened carefully ______ he could discover exactly what the client wanted. A. in case that B. now that C. so that D. provided that
建筑专业常用英语词汇
建筑专业常用英语词汇 A design basis 设计依据 计划建议书planning proposals 设计任务书design order 标准规范standards and codes 条件图information drawing 设计基础资料basic data for design 工艺流程图process flowchart 工程地质资料engineering geological data 原始资料original data 设计进度schedule of design B stage of design 设计阶段 方案scheme, draft 草图sketch 会谈纪要summary of discussion 谈判negotiation 可行性研究feasibility study 初步设计preliminary design 基础设计basic design 详细设计detail design 询价图enquiry drawing 施工图working drawing, construction drawing 竣工图as built drawing C climate condition 气象条件 日照sunshine 风玫瑰wind rose 主导风向prevailing wind direction 最大(平均)风速maximum (mean) wind velocity 风荷载wind load 最大(平均)降雨量maximum (mean) rainfall 雷击及闪电thunder and lightning
和房屋各个结构有关的英语单词 梁beam 檐口eave 窗台window sill arch 拱 vault 穹顶 ogive 葱形饰;尖形拱顶 facade 侧面 frontispiece 三角墙,山墙 column 柱 pilaster 壁柱,半露柱 pediment 山墙饰,山花 fronton 山墙 ground plan 平面图 floor, storey 层 ground floor 第一层(美作:first floor) flat 套(美作:apartment) stair well 楼梯间 lift shaft 电梯,升降梯(美作:elevator shaft) fire escape 防火梯 staircase 楼梯 lift 电梯(美作:elevator) goods lift 公务电梯(美作:freight elevator) central heating 暖气 ventilation shaft 通风井 air conditioning 空调 air-conditioned 带空调的 flooring (一块)地板 floorboard 地板(总称) parquet 木条地板 herringbone parquet 人字形木条地板 tile 瓷砖 terrazzo 磨石子地 wall 墙 main wall 承重墙 partition wall 隔断墙 plastering 抹灰 skirting board 壁脚板
to whitewash 粉刷 facade 建筑物正面 window 窗 basement 地下室 penthouse 遮檐,披屋 attic, garret 阁楼 kitchen 厨房 dining room 饭厅 living room 起居室 lounge 吸烟室,大厅 bathroom 浴室 toilet 卫生间 chimney 烟囱 fireplace 壁炉 gutter 排水沟 drainpipe 雨水管,落水管 ceiling 天花板 flat roof, roof garden 屋顶平台,屋顶花园 roof 屋瓦顶 tile, roof tile 瓦 房屋:house/buildings;门槛:threshold;窗台:window sill;窗户:window;房檐(复数):eaves;屋脊:ridge;屋顶:roof/housetop;梁:roof beamC
词汇结构 Directions:In this section there are some incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then type the corresponding letter in the blank on the web page.[题数:20;分数:20分;参考时间:10分0秒] 9. He had quite a few short stories ____ before his poem was published by a magazine. [A] turned up [B] turned away [C] turned down [D] turned in 10. A man without training works at whatever jobs ____. [A] turn up [B] set up [C] supply [D] find
11. ____ the Thanksgiving dinner are the turkey and the pumpkin pie. [A] That is typical of [B] Typical of [C] The typical of [D] What is typical of 12. The problem with him, I think, is an inadequate self-image which ____ all his behavior. [A] verifies [B] conforms [C] transcends [D] underlies 13. This book is a brief introduction to Chinese labor law. It contains the main body of laws and regulations in this field as well as the ____ theory of labor law legislation. [A] underlying [B] verified
Part IV:Commonly Used Professional Terms of Civil Engineering development organization 建设单位 design organization 设计单位 construction organization 施工单位 reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土 pile 桩 steel structure 钢结构 aluminium alloy 铝合金 masonry 砌体(工程)reinforced ~ 配筋砌体load-bearing ~ 承重砌体unreinforced ~非配筋砌体 permissible stress (allowable stress) 容许应力plywood 胶合板 retaining wall 挡土墙 finish 装修 finishing material装修材料 ventilation 通风 natural ~ 自然通风 mechanical ~ 机械通风 diaphragm wall (continuous concrete wall) 地下连续墙 villa 别墅 moment of inertia 惯性矩 torque 扭矩 stress 应力normal ~ 法向应力shear ~ 剪应力 strain 应变 age hardening 时效硬化 air-conditioning system空调系统 (air) void ration(土)空隙比 albery壁厨,壁龛 a l mery壁厨,贮藏室 anchorage length锚固长度 antiseismic joint 防震缝 architectural appearance 建筑外观 architectural area 建筑面积 architectural design 建筑设计 fiashing 泛水 workability (placeability) 和易性 safety glass安全玻璃 tempered glass (reinforced glass) 钢化玻璃foamed glass泡沫玻璃 asphalt沥青 felt (malthoid) 油毡 riveted connection 铆接 welding焊接 screwed connection 螺栓连接 oakum 麻刀,麻丝 tee三通管 tap存水弯 esthetics美学 formwork 模板(工程) shoring 支撑 batching 配料 slipform construction (slipforming) 滑模施工 lfit-slab construction 升板法施工 mass concrete 大体积混凝土 terrazzo水磨石 construction joint 施工缝 honeycomb蜂窝,空洞,麻面 piled foundation桩基 deep foundation 深基础 shallow foundation浅基础 foundation depth基础埋深 pad foundation独立基础 strip foundation 条形基础 raft foundation筏基 box foundation箱形基础 BSMT=basement 地下室 lift 电梯electric elevator lift well电梯井 escalator 自动扶梯 Poisson’s ratio 泊松比μ Young’s modulus , modulus of elasticity 杨氏模量,弹性模量E safety coefficient 安全系数 fatigue failure 疲劳破坏 bearing capacity of foundations 地基承载力bearing capacity of a pile 单桩承载力 two-way-reinforcement 双向配筋 reinforced concrete two-way slabs钢筋混凝土双向板 single way slab单向板 window blind 窗帘sun blind wind load 风荷载 curing 养护 watertight concrete 防水混凝土 white cement白水泥 separating of concrete混凝土离折segregation of concrete mortar 砂浆~ joint 灰缝 pilaster 壁柱 fire rating耐火等级 fire brick 耐火砖 standard brick标准砖
英语网考B复习 词汇与结构选择题 1. Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy C for her examination. A. to prepare B. to be prepared C. preparing D. being prepared 2. The computer doesn't work well, so something __C____ wrong. A. can have gone B. should have gone C. must have gone D. ought to have gone 3. Although Mary is satisfied with her success, she wonders___ C______ will happen to her private life. A. how B. who C. what D. that 4. The concert usually takes place at the People's Square, with the audience___B____ on the ground. A. seating B. seated C. be seating D. to seat 5. If the whole program __D_____ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost. A. was not planned B. were not planned C. would not be planned D. had not been planned 6. Isn't it about the time you___ A ____to do morning exercises? A. began B. begin C. should begin D. have begun 7. I am very grateful to you for what you've given me and ___D___ you have done for me. A. which B. that C. all what D. all that 8. It was not until she had arrived home _B_____ remembered her appointment with the doctor. A. when she B. that she C. and she D. she 9. Determined to __A_____ as if everything were normal, he responded with a kind of indifference. A. carry on B. account for C. bring up D. get through
教材设计与模块结构 安徽省淮南市教育局教研室张骏 关键词:课程标准、教材、整体统筹、模块结构 有人说,《课程标准》对课程的发展起着决定性的作用,其实我们还更应该强调“教材”对课程的发展的关键性作用,虽然教材的编写依据是《课程标准》。但事实上,大部分教师还是研究教材的多,研究课标的少。所以,教材的质量至关重要。 曾经几时,我们的信息技术教案曾这样走过。 1.学习信息技术的发展史、二进制、DOS、Basic语言…… 2.学习开关机、了解并掌握office、网页制作,动画制作,程序设计等…… 有人把前者称为“信息技术学”;后者称为“学习信息技术”;也有人还把前者称之为“知道教育”,后者称之为“做到教育”。 事实上,从2000年全国中小学信息技术教育工作会议以后,信息技术课程开始发生重大变革,即从传统的计算机教案转为信息技术教案,课程从目标、理念和教案方法等都发生了变化。不仅单纯的从形式上表现为从程序设计教案转到应用软件的学习,而且开始发生了质的变化,开始关注学生的信息素养,以“技术、人文、生活”三位一体的理念贯穿教材始终。但遗憾的是,一些教材作者本身并没有搞清楚“计算机课程”和“信息技术课程的区别”,什么都想教,结果呢,却什么都没教好。很多教材为了回避那种“为讲软件功能而讲软件”的窠臼,把一些技术通过任务、案例等分配到多个不同的章节中或不同年级中的任务中去,但从整个教材体系来看,还是以软件为主设计任务还是显得过于生硬。尤为严重的是,编写者明显带有个人主观色彩,并没有能够从学生的兴趣爱好和发展愿望上去考虑,把综合任务设置过大,而技术应用往往却处于一个相对窄的层面上,没有能够帮助学生解决在日常生活中遇到的一些具体问题,相反,却挫伤学生的学习兴趣和学习积极性。 综观近年来各种版本教材,大都把小学、中学内容设置的难度区别不大,甚至中学学习的内容小学生早已掌握,以至于出现了信息技术老师讲授的知识,其它学科教师也照样能讲的尴尬局面。这也是教师教着没劲、学生学着没劲的重要原因之一。教材中还存在内. 容重叠的现象。例如,小学以学习OFFICE为主要内容,初中还是OFFICE学习主要内容,高中仍然无法跳出OFFICE学习的怪圈,三个学龄段很难在学习难度上去区分。例如,小学五年级教材中设置了要求学生“制作课余计划”的任务,要完成这个任务,可能涉及到OFFICE相关内容,也就是说借助OFFICE可以完成这个任务。学生知道了原来OFFICE这个工具能很好用。到了初中二年级,又再次涉及到这方面的内容,但与小学这部分的内容相比,二者既不存在难度上的递进,也不存在螺旋上升。学生看到这部分内容往往有一种“似曾相识燕归来”的感觉,但却一时却想不起来,也只有“无可夸何花落去”了。 有的教材还追求软件的面面俱到、什么时髦学习什么的倾向。例如“加工图像图形信息”一节,设置了两个软件的学习任务,分别是”photoshop”和coredraw”,表面上看前者是位图图像的处理,后者是矢量图形的处理,而实际上尽管两者处理对象不同,方法各异,但教材中的两个案例没有任何梯度,属于相关软件或相近软件。也就是说,只有掌握了前者,完全可以通过自学掌握后者。此章节一共5页左右学习内容,但给人的感觉是图像处理没有学好,图形制作也没有掌握
词语结构和句子结构 一、词类歌诀 名词: 人和事物各有名,万千名目可辨清。表示名称即名词,具体抽象有不同。时间空间和地点,方向位置有专称。主宾定谓都可作,名词具有多功能。 动词: 世间万物皆运动,于是动词相应生。行为动作和发展,存在消失与变更。心理活动及判断,一概可作谓语用。能愿趋向两动词,配合谓语意更明。 形容词: 人有特征物有形,修饰动名靠形容。事态动作有性状,描摹性状用形容。形容词语极丰富,准确修饰需深功。形容词语功能多,主要充当状谓定。 数词: 数词即为表数目,确数概数和序数。确数包括整分倍,不定数目是概数。整数前加老第初,排列顺序是序数。分数倍数表增加,减少只能用分数。 量词: 表示单位量词全,单位各异按习惯。事物行动作统计,物量动量分两款。量词数词相结合,数量短语功能全。动量短语居动后,物量短语在名前。 代词: 代词代替人事物,按照作用分三族。人称代词我你他 ....和大家 ..。 ...,咱们自己 疑问代词谁什么 .....。 ...,进地性状数如何。提示代词这.和那.,每名某另别其它 副词: 副词修饰动与形,范围程度与时间。肯否估计与情态,语气频率用法全。稍微没有全都偏,简直仅仅只永远,已经曾经就竟然,将要立刻刚偶然,渐渐终于决忽然,难道连续又再三,也许必须很非常,最太十分更马上,
越极总挺常常再,屡次一定也不还。时名副名看加在,名前可加副不来。 前很后名都不行,单独回答更不能。 介词: 自从以当为按照.......,由于对于为了到.......;和跟把比在关于....... ,除了同对向往朝; 用在名词代词前,修饰动形要记牢。 助词: 结构助词的地得...,时态助词着了过...,语气助词啊吧呢... ,他词后边附加义。 连词: 和同与跟关中间,或者以及带关联。介词连词难分辨,换位不变才是连。 主谓宾定状补,主干枝叶分清楚,主要成分主谓宾,附加成分定状补,定语必居主宾前,谓前为状谓后补。 主语是一个句子中所要表达,描述的人或物,是句子叙述的主体。可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。 谓语是用来说明主语做了什么动作或处在什么状态。谓语可以由动词来担任,一般放在主语的后面。 宾语是动作的对象或承受者,常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。 定语:用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语, 定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。 状语:说明事物发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式, 条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。状语可以由副词, 短语以及从句来担任。 补语是述补结构中补充说明述语的结果、程度、趋向、可能、状态、数量等的成分。 补语与述语之间是补充与被补充、说明与被说明的关系,是补充说明动词或形容词性中心语的,可以回答“怎么样”、“多少次”、“何处”、“何时”、“什么结果”等问题。补语都放在中心语后头,除了趋向动词、数量词、介宾结
硬件类常用英语词汇 下面是小编整理的硬件类常用英语词汇,希望对大家有帮助。 计算机英语词汇大全 常见硬件篇 CPU:Central Processing Unit,中央处理单元,又叫中央处理器或微处理器,被喻为电脑的心脏。 LD:Laser Disk,镭射光盘,又称激光视盘。 CD:Compact Disc,压缩光盘,又称激光唱盘。 CD-ROM:Compact Disc-Read Only Memory,压缩光盘-只读记忆(存储),又叫“只读光盘”。 VCD:Video Compact Disc,视频压缩光盘,即人们通常所说的“小影碟”。 RAM:Random Access Memory,随机存储器,即人们常说的“内存”。 ROM:Read-Only Memory,只读存储器。 Seagate:美国希捷硬盘生产商。Seagate英文意思为“通往海洋的门户”,常指通海的运河等。 Quantum:英文含意为“定量,总量”。著名硬盘商标,美国昆腾硬盘生产商(Quantum Corporation)。
Maxtor:“水晶”,美国Maxtor硬盘公司。 PCI:Peripheral Component Interconnection,局部总线(总线是计算机用于把信息从一个设备传送到另一个设备的高速通道)。PCI总线是目前较为先进的一种总线结构,其功能比其他总线有很大的提高,可支持突发读写操作,最高传输率可达132Mbps,是数据传输最快的总线之一,可同时支持多组外围设备。PCI不受制于 CPU处理器,并能兼容现有的各种总线,其主板插槽体积小,因此成本低,利于推广。 EDO:Extended Data Output,扩充数据输出。当CPU的处 理速度不断提高时,也相应地要求不断提高DRAM传送数据速度, 一般来说,FPM(Fast Page Model)DRAM传送数据速度在60-70ns,而EDO DRAM比FPM快3倍,达20ns。目前最快的是SDRAM(Synchronous DRAM,同步动态存储器),其存取速度高 达10ns。 SDRAM:Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory,同步动态随机存储器,又称同步DRAM,为新一代动态 存储器。它可以与CPU总线使用同一个时钟,因此,SDRAM存储 器较EDO存储器能使计算机的性能大大提高。 Cache:英文含义为“(勘探人员等贮藏粮食、器材等的)地窖; 藏物处”。电脑中为高速缓冲存储器,是位于CPU和主存储器 DRAM(Dynamic Randon Access Memory)之间,规模较小,但 速度很高的存储器,通常由SRAM(Static Random Access
词汇与结构 1.Not until most of the people had left the airport _________ his sister was there. A. that he saw B. had he seen C. did he see D. that he had seen 正确答案:C 2.They are _________ students that they all performed well in the nationwide examinations. A. so diligent B. such diligent C. so much diligent D. such very diligent 正确答案:B 3.She paid the builder _________ the gate. A. to repair B. repair C. repairing D. repaired 正确答案:A 4.We __________ every day when we were children. A. used to swim B. used to swimming C. use to swim D. use to swimming 正确答案:A 5.The work ____ by the time you get there. A. will have been done B. was done C. had been done D. has done 正确答案:A 6.It is assumed that students at an intermediate level will have a good ______ of the basic structures and vocabulary of English. A. command B. commanding C. to command
第三部分:词汇与结构 1. Professor Johnson comes from either Oxford or MIT, I can’t remember . A where B there C which D that 2.Never get off the bus it has stopped. A if B as soon as C until D or 3.The red flower goes from one to in the class. A the other B others C another D other 4.Important his discovery was, it was regarded as a matter of no account in his time. A when B until C as D although 5.The manager will not us to use his car. A have B let C agree D allow ACCCD 6.The car accident happened at crossroads a few metres away from bank. A the;/ B /;a C /;the D the;the 7.Of all the students in our class, Betty writes . A very carefully B most carefully C more carefully D the most carefully 8.—Don’t you feel surprised to see George at the meeting --Yes.I really didn’t think he here.
合成词的构成方式 汉语的语法单位由语素、词、短语、句子等四级构成。 词可分为单纯词和合成词两种。汉语合成词有如下三个特点:(1)意义的组合。例如“奶粉”不说成“牛奶粉”;“豆腐”不说成“黄豆腐”。(2)词的内部结构一般由两个直接成分组成。(3)有很强的双音化倾向,经常把单音词凑成双音词。例如“老虎,老鼠”等等,这里的“老”纯粹是音节所必须的。 汉语的词又可以分成实词和虚词两大类。实词和虚词的区别主要在于前者是内容词,而后者是功能词。 (一)复合式 复合式是由词根和词根组成的合成词。词根和词根的组合方式不同,形成该种合成词内部结构方式的差异。主要有以下几种类型: 1、联合式由两个意义相同、相近、相关或相反的词根并列组成。例如“城市”“艰难”“制造”“头绪”“骨肉”“禽兽”“岁月”“动静”“得失”“来往”等。构成联合式的各部分之间是平等并列的关系,没有主次之分。 2、偏正式由前一词根修饰、限制后一词根形成的词。例如“书包”“绿豆”“汉语”“导师”“长跑”“狂欢”“蜂拥”“重视”“牛皮纸”“毛毛雨”等。前后语素之间具有修饰被修饰的关系,起修饰作用的前语素是偏语素,被修饰的后语素是正语素。 3、补充式由后一词根补充、说明前一词根形成的词。例如“提高”“改正”“弄清”“说明”等,前一语素往往表示某种行为动作,后一语素表示动作行为的结果。另有一些补充式如“松树”“梅花”“布匹”“花朵”“泪汪汪”“白茫茫”等,前一语素表示一种事物或现象,后一语素用表示的物类、单位或情状对前语素进行补充说明。 4、动宾式由前面表示行为动作的词根支配后面表示关涉事物的词根形成的词。例如“知己”“担心”“观光”“吃力”“理事”“负责”“剪彩”“冒险”“动员”“接力”等。前一语素表示行为动作,后一语素表示动作行为所支配的对象。 5、主谓式前一词根表示被陈述对象,后一词根是陈述前一词根的。例如“目击”“地震”“肉麻”“肩负”“霜降”“日食”“事变”“胃下垂”等。前后两个部分是陈述和被陈述的关系。 (二)重叠式由相同的词根重叠而成的词。例如“星星”“白白”“区区”“落落”“爸爸”“姐姐”“星星点点”“老老少少”“花花绿绿”“坑坑洼洼”等。一个词根重叠形成的双音节词的意义与重叠之前的词根的意义是一致的;由两个词根分别重叠构成的四音节词是在重叠之后取得词的资格的。 (三)附加式 附加式由一个词根和一个词缀结合在一起组成。词根是词的中心部分,词缀是词的附加部分。根据词缀在词中的位置以及是否叠音,又可以分为三类: 第一类:词缀(前缀)+词根例如:老——老乡老师老总老虎老倭瓜阿——阿爸阿哥阿姨阿毛阿猫小——小张小伙子小两口 第二类:词根+词缀(后缀)例如:子——孩子脑子帽子椅子日子儿——瓶儿事儿花儿鸟儿个儿头——石头苗头看头奔头甜头家——大家作家儒家科学家老人家性——感性弹性重要性积极性创造性化——美化深化强化淡化多样化第三类:词根+叠音词缀例如: 雄纠纠亮晶晶绿油油病歪歪慢腾腾美滋滋火辣辣喜洋洋气呼呼羞答答
材料专业英语常见词汇(一Structure 组织Ceramic 陶瓷Ductility 塑性Stiffness 刚度Grain 晶粒Phase 相Unit cell 单胞Bravais lattice 布拉菲点阵Stack 堆垛Crystal 晶体Metallic crystal structure 金属性晶体点阵 Non-directional 无方向性Face-centered cubic 面心立方 Body-centered cubic 体心立方 Hexagonal close-packed 密排六方 Copper 铜Aluminum 铝Chromium 铬 Tungsten 钨Crystallographic Plane 晶面 Crystallographic direction 晶向 Property 性质 Miller indices 米勒指数Lattice parameters 点阵参数Tetragonal 四方的Hexagonal 六方的Orthorhombic 正交的Rhombohedra 菱方的Monoclinic 单斜的Prism 棱镜Cadmium 镉 Coordinate system 坐Point defec点缺陷 Lattice 点阵 Vacancy 空位Solidification 结晶Interstitial 间隙Substitution 置换Solid solution strengthening 固溶强化Diffusion 扩散Homogeneous 均匀的Diffusion Mechanisms 扩散机制Lattice distortion 点阵畸变Self-diffusion 自扩散Fick’s First Law菲克第一定律 Unit time 单位时间Coefficient 系数Concentration gradient 浓度梯度Dislocations 位错Linear defect 线缺陷Screw dislocation 螺型位错Edge dislocation 刃型位错Vector 矢量Loop 环路Burgers’vector柏氏矢量Perpendicular 垂直于Surface defect 面缺陷Grain boundary 晶界Twin boundary 晶界 Shear force 剪应力Deformation 变形Small ( or low) angel grain boundary 小角度晶界Tilt boundary 倾斜晶界Supercooled 过冷的Solidification 凝固Ordering process 有序化过程Crystallinity 结晶度Microstructure 纤维组织Term 术语Phase Diagram 相图Equilibrium 平衡Melt 熔化Cast 浇注Crystallization 结晶Binary Isomorphous Systems 二元匀晶相图Soluble 溶解Phase Present 存在相Locate 确定Tie line 连接线Isotherm 等温线Concentration 浓度Intersection 交点The Lever Law 杠杆定律Binary Eutectic System 二元共晶相图Solvus Line 溶解线Invariant 恒定Isotherm 恒温线Cast Iron 铸铁Ferrite 珠光体Polymorphic transformation 多晶体转变Austenite 奥氏体Revert 回复Intermediate compound 中间化合物Cementite 渗碳体Vertical 垂线Nonmagnetic 无磁性的Solubility 溶解度Brittle 易脆的Eutectic 共晶Eutectoid invariant point 共析点Phase transformation 相变Allotropic 同素异形体Recrystallization 再结晶Metastable 亚稳的Martensitic transformation 马氏体转变Lamellae 薄片Simultaneously 同时存在Pearlite 珠光体Ductile 可塑的Mechanically 机械性能Hypo eutectoid 过共析的Particle 颗粒Matrix 基体Proeutectoid 先共析Hypereutectoid 亚共析的Bainite 贝氏体Martensite 马氏体Linearity 线性的Stress-strain curve 应力-应变曲线Proportional limit 比例极限Tensile strength 抗拉强度Ductility 延展性Percent reduction in area 断面收缩率Hardness 硬度Modulus of Elasticity 弹性模量Tolerance 公差Rub 摩擦Wear 磨损Corrosion resistance 抗腐蚀性Aluminum 铝Zinc 锌Iron ore 铁矿Blast furnace 高炉Coke 焦炭Limestone 石灰石Slag 熔渣Pig iron 生铁Ladle 钢水包Silicon 硅Sulphur 硫Wrought 可锻的Graphite 石墨Flaky 片状Low-carbon steels 低碳钢Case hardening 表面硬化Medium-carbon steels 中碳钢Electrode 电极As a rule 通常Preheating 预热Quench 淬火Body-centered lattice 体心晶格
第三部分词汇与语法 1、—Write to me when you get home、---到家后给我写信。 —OK, I __________ ---好的,我会的。 A、must B、should C、will D、can 2、Tom is so talkative、I’m sure you’ll soon get tired ____ him、汤姆那么爱讲话,我肯定您很快就会讨厌她。 A、of B、with C、at D、on 3、I don’t know ____ to deal with such matter、我不知道如何处理这类问题。 A、what B、how C、which D、/ 4、—______ is your girl friend like? ---您女朋友就是怎样的一个人? —She is very kind and good-looking、---她很善良,也很漂亮。 A、How B、What C、Which D、Who 5、He ____ driving me home, even though I told him I lived nearby、尽管我告诉她我住在附近,她仍执意开车送我回家。 A、insisted on B、insisted at C、insisted that D、insisted in 6、We came finally ______ the conclusion that she has been telling lies all the time、 我们最终得出的结论就是她一直以来都在撒谎。 A、of B、into C、to D、at 7、I won’t make the ____ mistake next time、下次我不会犯同样的错误了。 A、like B、same C、near D、similar 8、He ____ lives in the house where he was born、她仍然住在她出生的那间房子里。 A、already B、yet C、still D、ever 9、I am not used to speaking ____ public、我不习惯于当众演讲。 A、in B、at C、on D、to 10、I didn’t know what to do, but then an idea suddenly ____ to me、我不知道该做什么,但突然间我有了一个主意。 A、appeared B、happened C、occurred D、emerged 11、Measles (麻疹) ____ a long time to get over、麻疹要很长时间才能好。 A、spend B、spends C、take D、takes 12、A pair of spectacles ____ what I need at the moment、此刻我需要的就是一副眼镜。 A、is B、are C、has D、have 13、—Do you want to wait? ---您想等一等不? —Five days ____ too long for me to wait、---等五天对我来说太长了。