2013高考英语语法最后30天精讲精练：情态动词

2013高考英语语法最后30天精讲精练

情态动词

1、情态动词+ have done sth

这个结构有着特殊意义：用来表示猜测（设想可能发生过什么事情）或想象（设想可能出现过什么不同的情况）

①should (ought to) have done sth 本来该做而未做

This wall oughtn’t to have been painted blue.

②need have done sth 本来有必要做而未做

You needn’t have told her the news.

③must have done sth 对过去所做动作的肯定推测

---We went to Paris. ---That must have been nice.

④can have done sth 对过去所做动作的否定或疑问推测

I don’t think he can have heard you. Call again.

Where can John have put the matches?

⑤may (might) have done sth 过去可能发生某事，与could相比，may和

might可能性较小，might 可能性更小；might 也可表示过去可能发生而未发生的事情。

Polly’s very late----she may (might) have missed her etrain.

You were stupid to try climbing there. You might have killed youself

⑥could have done sth

●推测过去”可能“发生某事（同can, 但can不用肯定句）

She could have gone off with some friends.

●表示过去没有实现的可能性：某事可能发生，但却没有发生

You were stupid to go skiing there----you could have broken your leg.

●表示有能力做而未做（虚拟语气）

You could have helped me !

(You were able to help me, but you didn’t.)

2、can could be able to 表示”能力“

●can 通常表示现在的或”一般的能力“---即你无论什么时候想做就能

做到的能力, 指单纯的表示一个人有某种能力。

You can certainly cook, even if you can’t do anything else.

●be able to表示某人通过努力、克服困难做成某事。

will be able to 表示将来的能力

I’ll be able to speak German in another few months.

●could 表达”一般的能力“---即你过去想干什么就可以干什么

She could sing like an angel when she was a kid.

但could 不能表达过去某种具体的能力，此时用was able to,

managed to 或succeeded in 等

How many eggs were you able to get ?

3、can, could, may和might 表示”可能性“

●可用来表示：①理论上的可能性（不涉及是否真发生）；②提出建议

（提出解决某个问题的可能办法或者采取的行动）；③在问句或否定

句中表达现在的可能性）

Anybody who wants to can become a prison visitor.①

---What shall we do ? ---We can try asking Lucy for help.②

Who can that be at the door ? Can it be Polly?③

●may可用来表达：①将来的可能性；②说话时某事可能是真实的

We may go climbing this summer.①

You may be right.②

●could / might可用来表示：①说话时某事可能是真实的；②将来

某事有可能发生，但不表示特别可能发生。

You could be right, but I don’t think you are.①

It could rain later on this evening.②

４、can, could, may 和might表示“允许”

①请求允许：它们都可以表示请求允许做某事,could 和might并

不是表示过去

Can (May, Could) I borrow your umbrella ?

②允许：当我们允许某人做某事时，我们用can和may来表达，而

不能使用could和might

You may / can watch TV for as long as you like.

(不用could, might; mustn’t 有“拒绝”的意思）---Could I use your phone?

---Yes, of course you can /may. (No, you can’t / may not.)

５、can和could表示提议和请求

它们常用来提议为某人做某事或请求别人做某事，could更客气，更

含尊敬的成分，这种用法常见于陈述句和疑问句中

①提议：Can I carry your bag ?

I could / can do the shopping for you, if you’re tired.

②请求和命令：Could / Can you help me with this letter?

You can / could start by cleaning the car.

６、情态动词will

①预测未来（第一人称用shall)，或发布命令

---There’s someone coming up the stairs.

---That’ll be Mary. You’ll start work at six o’clock.

②自愿与意向

●I will (不用I shall) 表示自愿做某事，或主动提出做某事，或表达

坚定的意图

---Can somebody help me ? --- I will.

I’ll break your neck.

●will you常用来提出要求或下命令，或提出请求

Will you come this way, please?

Will you have some more wine ?

●用won’t表示拒绝

No, I won’t ! She won’t open the door.

７、shall用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意见(说话人做某事)。

用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。

用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。

8、常用情态动词的回答

①---Must we hand in our plan ?

---Yes, you must. (No, you needn’t.)

②---Need I come ?

---Yes, you must. (No, you needn’t.)

③---May I smoke here ?

---Yes, please. (Certainly. / Yes, you may. )

(No, you mustn’t. / may not. / Please don’t.)

④---Could / Can I offer you some coffee ? (提议)

(---Will / Would you have some coffee ?)

---Yes, please. / Yes, I’d like some ,please. (不用Yes, you can.)

(No, thank you.) (不用No, you can’t.)

⑤---Could / Can / Would / Will you (please) open the door ?(请求)

---Yes, of course (I will). (No, I’m afraid I can’t.)

情态动词专项练习

1.He’s in good health. Every morning he ____ for a walk in the park.

A. shall go

B. go

C. will go

D. is going

2. —Would you open the door, please?

—Yes, I ____. A.will B. do C. would D. can

3.Whenever I was in trouble, she ____ come to my help.

A.was used to

B. would

C.always

D. should

4.Help me with the heavy box, ____ you?

A. don’t

B.will

C. do

D. shall

5. —____ he open the window?

—Yes, please. A. Shall B. Will C. Ought D. Would

6.You ____ that article yesterday.

A. should finish

B. would have finished

C. should have finished

D. ought to finish

7.Why did you keep it a secret from me? I ____ about.

A.should be told

B. ought to have been told

C.should have told

D. ought to be told

8.She ____ yesterday. Her mother was waiting for her all day.

A. must have come

B. should have come

C. would have come

D. ought to come

9. —There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.

—It ____ a comfortable journey.

A. can’t be

B. shouldn’t be

C. mustn’t have been

D. couldn’t have been

10.It’s nearly six o’clock. Tom ____ be here at any moment.

A. ought

B. need

C. should

D. can

11. You are running a fever. You ____ to see the doctor.

A. need go

B. must have gone

C. should go

D. can

12. After two days in the earthquake on May14 the little boy _____ climb out of the debris A.

could B. should C. was able to D. would

13. —Do you have to take care of your father at home?

—Yes, I ____. A. will have B. have to C. do D. shall

14.You look very tired. You ____ to bed too late last night.

A. must go

B.must have gone

C. could go

D. didn’t go

15.Mr. Smith promised to come at six, but it is already nine.

He ____ missed the train.

A. will have

B. has to have

C.may have

D. ought to have

16. A left—luggage office is a place where bags ____be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.

A. should

B. can

C. must

D. will

17. How ___ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?

A. can

B. must

C. need

D. may

18. — The room is so dirty._____ we clean it?

--Of course. A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do

19. My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who ___ have taken it?

A. should

B. must

C. could

D. would

20.—Is John coming by train?

---He should, but he ____ not. He likes driving his car.

A. must

B. can

C. need

D. may

21.—I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.

--It ____ true because there was little snow there.

A. may not be

B. won’t be

C. couldn’t be

D. mustn’t be

22．It has been announced that candidates _____ remain in their seats until all the paper have been collected.

A. can

B. will

C. may

D. shall

23.—I hear you’ve got a set of valuable Australian coins.___ I h ave a look?

--Yes, certainly. A. Do B. May C. Shall D. Should

24. Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach, I ____ so much fried chicken just now.

A. shouldn’t eat

B. mustn’t have eaten

C. shouldn’t have eaten

D. mustn’t eat

25.I was really anxious about you. You ___ home without a word.

A. mustn’t leave

B. shouldn’t have left

C. couldn’t have left

D. needn’t leave

26. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentlemen ___ be so rude to a lady.

A. might

B. need

C. should

D. would

27. I wonder how he ___ that to the teacher.

A. dare to say

B. dare saying

C. not dare say

D. dared to say

28. You know he is not going to let us leave early if we _______ get the work done.

(2006年上海春季高考题) A. can't B. may not C. shouldn't D. mustn't 29. He _______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seasi de. (2005年北京高考题)

A. should

B. must

C. wouldn’t

D. can’t

30. —Why didn’t you attend the lecture yesterday?

—I didn’t think that we _______ on Sundays.

A. should

B. ought to have

C. shouldn’t have .

D.will have to

31. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _______ at least 150 kilometers an hour. (2005年重庆高考题)

A. should have been doing

B. must have been doing

C. could have done

D. would have done

32. —I hear you have written a novel.

—Yes, the book _______ be out in a month or also. (2006年安徽模拟题)

A. can

B. dare

C. should

D. need

33. On Sundays when I was a child, Father and I _______ get up early and go fishing. (2006年盐城模拟题)

A. could

B. would

C. might

D. should

34. —I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.

—It ______ Harry’s. He always wears green. (2005年广东省高考题)

A. could be

B. will be

C. mustn’t be

D. has to be

35. I _______ have been more than six years old when the accident happened.

(2005年天津高考题)

A. shouldn’t

B. couldn’t

C. mustn’t

D. needn’t

36. —The women biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returne

d.

—Oh, dear! She _______ a lot of difficulties! (2005年江苏省高考题)

A. may go through

B. might go through

C. ought to have gone through

D. must have gone through

37. Helen _______ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet. ( 05年安徽)

A. shall

B. must

C. may

D. can

38. Tom, you _______ leave all your clothes on the floor like this! ( 05年全国I 题)

A. w ouldn’t

B. mustn’t

C. needn’t

D. may not

39. There _______ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have

practiced a lot in the driving school. (2005年上海高考题)

A. mustn’t

B. shan’t

C.shouldn’t

D. needn’t

40. The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _______ be very slow. (2005年浙江省高考题)

A. should

B. must

C. will

D. can

41. —Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.

—She _______. I’ve already borrowed one. (2005年湖南省高考题)

A. can’t

B.mustn’t

C. needn’t

D.shouldn’t

42. —Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.

—Well. He _______ have gone far—his coat’s still here. (2005年湖北省高考题)

A. shouldn’t

B. mustn’t

C.can’t

D.wouldn’t

43 . —I’m thinking of losing weight these days. (2006年广东模拟题)

—Oh, you _______ be out of your mind. You’re 50 kilograms at the most.

A. will

B. should

C. may

D. must

44. —Are you in a hurry?

—No, in fact, I’ve got plenty of time. I _______ wait. (2006年湖南模拟题)

A. must

B. can

C. may

D. should

45．You _____to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do．A．needn’t to come B．don’t need come

C．don’t need coming D．needn’t come

46．Put on more clothes．You _______be feeling cold with only a shirt on． A．can B．could C．would D．must

47．—There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well —It_______a comfortable journey．A．can’t be B．shouldn’t be

C．mustn’t have been D．couldn’t have been

48．I think all drivers _______seat belts．

A．should wear B．had better wear C．can wear D．have to wear 49．—Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow．

— _______.

A．I don’t B．1 won’t C．I can’t D．I haven’t

50．I to1d Sally how to get here，but perhaps I _______it out for her．

A．had to write B．must have written C．should have written D．ought to write 51．Peter _______come with us tonight，but he isn’t very sure yet.

A．must B．may C．can D．will

52．A computer_______think for itself；it must be told what to do．

A．can’t B．couldn’t C．need D．would

53．Jenny_______have kept her word．I wonder why she changed her mind．

A．must B．should C．need D．would

54．---Could I borrow your dictionary?

---Yes，of course you _______．

A．might B．will C．can D．should

55．—I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter．

—It_______true because there was 1ittle snow there．

A．may not be B．won’t be C．couldn’t be D．mustn’t be

2006全国各省市高考试卷中的情态动词真题

1 (全国卷I）24. There's no light on -- they______ be at home.

A. can't

B. mustn't

C. needn't

D. shouldn't

2 (全国卷2)10. We hope that as many people as-possible _______ join us for the picnic

tomorrow.

A. need

B. must

C. should

D. can

3 (北京卷)25. -- What's the name?

--Khulaifi. _______ I spell that for you?

A. Shall

B. Would

C. Can

D. Might

4 (上海春)26. You know he is not going to let us leave early if we _ get the work done. A.

can't B. may not C. shouldn't D. mustn't

5 (天津卷)11. We have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever

made in the past ten years.

A. needn't

B. may not

C. shouldn

D. mustn't

6 (四川卷)32. ---Is Jack on duty today?

---It ________ be him. It's his turn tomorrow.

A. mustn't

B. won't

C. can't

D. needn't

7 (江西卷)24．The weather turned out to be fine yesterday．I _______ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me．

A．should have taken B．could have taken

C．needn't have taken D. mustn't have taken

8 (陕西卷)19.As you worked late yesterday, you _________ have come this morning.

A. mayn't

B. can't

C. mustn't

D. needn't

9 (福建卷)27.If it were not for the fact that she _______ sing, I would invite her to the party.

A. couldn't

B. shouldn't

C. can't

D. might not

10 (湖北卷)31. __________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut

off.

A. Would you be

B. Should you be

C. Could you be

D. Might you be

11 (湖南卷)32.Some aspects of a pilot's job ________ be boring, and pilots often _______ work

at inconvenient hours.

A. can; have to

B. may; can

C. have to; may

D. ought to; must

12 (江苏卷)21. --- I think I'll give Bob a ring.

--- You _______. You haven't been in touch with him for ages.

A. will

B. may

C. have to

D. should

13 (广东卷)22. -- Must he come to sign this paper himself?

-- Yes, he___.

A. need

B. must

C. may

D. will

14 (浙江卷)19. --- Could I have a word with you, mum?

--- Oh dear, if you ________.

A. can

B. must

C. may

D. should

15 (山东卷)30. --May I smoke here ?

--If you ____, choose a seat in the smoking section.

A. should

B. could

C. may

D. must

2007全国各省市高考试卷中的情态动词真题

1. —How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?

—It ________ be, but it is now heavily polluted.

A. will

B. would

C. should

D. must

2. —Guess what! I have got A for my term paper.

—Great! You ______ read widely and put a lot of work into it.

A. must

B. should

C. must have

D. should have

3. The teacher _______have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldn't have wasted time on him, I suppose.

A. should

B. can

C. would

D. must

4. In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you___ take care of your luggage.

A. can

B. may

C. must

D. will

5. My MP4 player isn’t in my bag. Where I have put it?

A. can

B. must

C. should

D. would

6. The biggest problem for most plants, which ________ just get up and run away when

threatened, is that animals like to eat them.

A. shan’t

B. can’t

C. needn’t

D. mustn’t

7. —She looks very happy. She ______ have passed the exam.

—I guess so. It’s not difficult after all.

A. should

B. could

C. must

D. might

8. —Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.—You it in the wrong place.

A. must put

B. should have put

C. might put

D. might have put

9. —Turn off the TV, Jack.. ____ your homework now?

—Mum, just ten more minutes, please.

A. Should you be doing

B. Shouldn't you be doing

C. Couldn't you be doing

D. Will you be doing

10. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I have driven her there.

A. could

B. must

C. might

D. should

11. The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we go to work tomorrow.

A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t

12. ---- What does the sign over there read?

----“No person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area．”

A．will B．may C. shall D. must

13. —My cat’s really fat.

—You _ ____ have given her so much food.

A. wouldn’t

B. couldn’t

C. shouldn’t

D. mustn’t

14. —What do you think we can do for our aged parents?

—You ________ do anything except to be with them and be yourself.

A. don’t have to

B. oughtn’t to

C. mustn’t

D. can’t

2008全国各省市高考试卷中的情态动词真题

01、(08全国卷II’ 17) Liza ___ well not want to go on the trip --- she hates traveling.

A. will

B. can

C. must

D. may

02、(08上海春卷’ 27) When I was young, I was told that I ______ play with matches

A. wouldn’t

B. needn’t

C. mustn’t

D. daren’t

03、(08上海卷’29) According to the air traffic rules, you ______ switch off your mobile phone

before boarding.

A. may

B. can

C. would

D. should

04、(08天津卷’ 06)She ______ have left school, for her bike is still here.

A. can’t

B. wouldn’t

C. shouldn’t

D. needn’t

05、(08重庆卷’ 30) ---I can’t find my purse anywhere. ---You have lost it while shopping.

A. may

B. can

C. should

D. would

06、(08辽宁卷’ 22)Peter ______ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in

general.

A. shall

B. should

C. can

D. must

07、(08山东卷’ 24)Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ______ it without

you.

A. can manage

B. could have managed

C. could manage

D. can have managed

08、(08江苏卷’ 35) —I’m sorry. I ______ at you the other day.—Forget it. I was a bit out of

control myself.

A. shouldn’t shout

B. shouldn’t have shout ed

C. mustn’t shout

D. mustn’t have shouted

09、(08江西26)What a pity. Considering his ability and experience, he ____ better.

A. need have done

B. must have done

C. can have done

D. might have done

10、(08浙’11)You ______ be hungry already — you had lunch only two hours ago!

A. wouldn’t

B. can’t

C. mustn’t

D. needn’t

11、(08湖南卷’28)You don’t have to know the name of the author to find a book. You ___ find the

book by the title.

A. must

B. need

C. can

D. would

12、(08陕西卷’09)–What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?

--Well, it be big--that’s not important.

A. mustn’t

B. needn’t

C. can’t

D. won’t

13、(08四川卷’10)Although this ____ sound like a simple task, great care is needed.

A. must

B. may

C. shall

D. should

14、(08福建卷’24) It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _____ be rather cold sometime.

A. must

B. can

C. should

D. would

-情态动词专项练习答案

1-5 CABBA 6-10 CBBDC 11-15 CCBBC 16-20 BABCD

21-25 CDBCB 26-30 CDABA 31-35 BCBAB 36-40 DCBCD

41-45 CCDBD 46-50 DDABC 51-55 BABCC

2006全国1-5 ADAAB 6-10 CCDCB 11-15 ADBBD

2007全国1-5 CCDCC 6-10 BCDBD 11-14 CCCA

2008全国1-5 DCDAA 6-10 CBBDB 11-14 CBBB

情态动词表推测-精讲精练

情态动词用于推测的情况，指对某事情的发生与否进行推测，后面接不同的内容表示对不同的时态所发生的事情与否进行推测。 1.情态动词+动词原形对应于一般现在时，表示对经常发生的，有规律的事情的推测 2.情态动词+be+v-ing 对应于现在进行时，表示对正在发生的事情的推测 3.情态动词+have+v-ed 对应于现在完成时及一般过去时，表示对过去的或已经完成的事情的推测 对某事情的发生与否进行推测常用的情态动词： 1.对事情的肯定的，完全有把握的推测用must，意思为“一定” 2.对事情的肯定的，不是完全有把握的推测，依照对其发生概率的肯定程度的强弱大小，依次用could, may, might,其肯定程度逐渐减弱，意思为“可能”。 3.对事情的否定的，完全有把握的推 测用can't，表示“一定不，不可能” 4.而疑问句中表示推测时，用can, could, 表示“可能” 所以两个部分结合起来 1. must be 一定是 could/may/might be 可能是 can’t be 一定不是，不可能是

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专题七情态动词和虚拟语气常考点 近两年考查情态动词和虚拟语气的频率呈上升趋势。从整体上把握情态动词的语法特征和语义特征，能够准确理解不同情态动词的细微差异，认真区别具有相同功能、意思相近的情态动词的用法，在真实的交际情景中印证和领悟情态动词的用法和特征。 1情态动词所表示的多种含义 1. can和could的用法 ①表示能力。如： I can run fast. ②表示客观可能性。如： An experienced driver can have an accident at times. ③表示请求和允许。用could 语气更委婉。如： —Can/Could I go now? —Yes，you can. ④表示猜测、惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中)。如： Can this be true?

How can you be so careless! This cannot be done by him. 2. may和might的用法 ①表示许可。如： You may drive the car. —May/Might I use your pen? —No，you mustn't. ②用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如： May you succeed! ③表示推测、可能(疑问句不能用于此意)。表推测的might并不是指过去时间，而表示比may把握性略小些。如： He may be very busy now. ④用于表示目的或让步状语从句中。如： No matter what difficulties you may come across，you shouldn't give up. 3. will和would的用法 ①用于各种人称，表示“意志”“意愿”“决心”等。如： I told her to stop crying，but she just would not listen. ②用于第二人称的疑问句，表示说话人向对方提出请求。用would比用will语气更客气。如： Will/Would you please keep the door open? ③表示真理或习惯，意为“惯于，总是”。如： She will listen to music alone in her room for hours. He would get up early when he lived in the country. 4. should的用法 ①表示现在或将来的责任或义务，意为“应该，应当”，这时它可以和 ought to，be supposed to 互换使用。如： You should(＝are supposed to ) complete your test in time. ②表示有较大可能实现的猜测、推论，通常意为“可能；总该……吧”，相当于 be expected to。如： They should be home by now，I think. ③用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。如： I should think it would be better to try it again. ④用在条件状语从句中，表示语气较强的假设，意为“万一”，这时也可将should置于从句之首，即将should放在主语前面，而省略从属连词if，主句谓语却不一定用虚拟语气。如： Should I (＝If I should) be free tomorrow I will come. ⑤用来表示意外、惊喜或者在说话人看来是不可思议的。尤其在以 why，who，how 等开头的修辞疑问句或某些感叹句中常常意为“竟会，居然”。如： A gentleman like him should be rude to a lady! ⑥用于虚拟语气句中(略)。 5. ought to的用法 表示应该、推测，相当于should。如： You ought to take care of him. 6. shall的用法

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（一） 情态动词常考点 （一） 表能力 can be able to will be able to could was/ were able to could have + ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?表示现在的能力 ：表示将来的能力 表示过去的能力 过去分词：表示过去有能力做但未做 如：I am starving to death 。I can eat two bowls of rice now 。 （现在的能力）我快饿死了，现在我能吃两碗米饭。 If you have a good sleep ，you will be able to work out this problem 。 （将来的能力）如果你好好睡一觉，你将能够解出这道题。 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out 。 （过去有能力做并且成功的做了某事）尽管这场大火迅速蔓延到了整个宾馆，但是每个人都能够逃出 去。 I could have worked out the problem ，but I didn ’t 。 （过去有能力做但未做）我本来可以解决这个问题，但没有解决。 （二） 表推测（可能性） 1. 可能性可分为客观的可能性和具体事情实际发生的可能性两种。所谓客观的（理论的）可能性即并不涉及具体某事是否会发生，此种用法常常可以说明人或事物的特征。情态动词can 可用于肯定句中表示客观的（理论的）可能性，而表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时，can 一般不用于肯定句。如： Accident can happen on such rainy days 。 这样的多雨天气有可能会发生事故。（客观的可能性） Peter may come with us tonight ，but he isn ’t sure yet 。 彼得今晚可能和我们来，但他还没确定。（实际可能性，不用can ） 2. 表示具体事情实际发生的可能性： （1）表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的层次比较 （2）表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时，may ，must 常用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句和疑问句（may not 表示“可能不”）；can 常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中，表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思；could 既可用于肯定句，又可用于否定句、疑问句中。如： This can ’t/ couldn ’t be done by him 。（表不相信） 这不可能是他做的。 This may not be done by him 。（表不确定） 这可能不是他做的。 He could be on his way home now 。（could 不如may/ might 常用） 他现在可能在回家的路上。 Can this be done by him ？（表示疑惑、惊讶） 这可能是他做的吗？ Mr. Bush is on time for everything 。How can it be that he was late for the opening ceremony ？（表示疑惑、惊讶） 布什先生做每件事都很按时。他怎么可能在开幕仪式上迟到呢？ I didn ’t hear the phone 。I must have been asleep 。（表肯定） 我没听到电话。我肯定已经睡着了。 3. would ，could ，might 并不一定与过去时间有关，而是表示可能性弱于他们相应的现在时形式。另外should 也不一定与过去时间有关。如： This may/ might be done by him 。（后者比前者语气弱）

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高中英语语法之情态动词 （一）情态动词的定义：情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。 （二）情态动词的特点：1）有一定词义；2）不受主语人称和数的变化影响；3）与主要动词的原形（或称不带to的不定式）一起构成谓语（除ought to作固定词组看待）。 情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加"not"。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去，现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态。 He could be here soon. 他很快就来。We can't carry the heavy box. 我们搬不动那箱子。 除此之外，情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征： 1）除ought和used以外，其他情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式。 ; We used to grow beautiful roses. I asked if he would come and repair my television set. 2）情态助动词在限定动词词组总是位居第一：They need not have been punished so severely. 3）情态助动词用于第三人称单数现在时的时候，没有词形变化，即其词尾无-s形式： She dare not say what she thinks. 4）情态动词没有非限定形式，即没有不定式和分词形式，也没有相应的动名词： Still, she needn't have run away. 5）情态助动词的“时”的形式并不是时间区别的主要标志。在不少场合，情态助动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来时间： Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something? She told him he ought not to have done it. | 6）情态助动词之间是相互排斥的，即在一个限定动词词组中只能出现一个情态助动词，但有时却可以与have和be 基本助动词连用：You should have washed the wound. Well, you shouldn't be reading a novel. （三）情态动词有四类：①只做情态动词：must,can(could),may(might),ought to ②可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need,dare ③可做情态动词又可做助动词：shall(should),will(would) ④具有情态动词特征：have(had,has) to,used to ⑤情态动词表猜测 （四）情态动词的基本用法 1. can (could) 1）表示能力，could主要指过去时间。 Two eyes can see more than one. Could the girl read before she went to school? 这女孩上学前能识字吗？ ' 2）表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。 The temperature can fall to –60℃, that is 60℃ below freezing. 气温可降至—60℃，也就是零下60℃。 He can′t (couldn′t) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。 3）表示允许。 Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？ He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading—room. 他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。 4）表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。 Where can (could) they have gone to? 他们会去哪儿了呢？He can′t (couldn′t) be over sixty. 他不可能超过六十岁。 《 5）比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。 Can (Could) you lend me a hand? I′m afraid we couldn′t give you an answer today. 恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。