新编大学英语第二册Unit1~6 课后答案

●Part Two Reading centered activities

Pre-reading

Reading Comprehension

1.Understanding the structure of the passage

Para.1-4 c para.5-7 a para.8-11 b para.12-13 d

2. 1) They would stare at them.

2) He felt embarrassed/ ashamed

3) He never let on.

4) He usually walked there with the help of his son

5) He was pulled on a child’s sleigh to the subway station

6) He like basketball, dances, and parties

7) He asked them to sit down and fight with him.

8) He was proud of his son

9) He missed him very much and was sorry for what he had thought about him.

10) He learned to have a good heart from his father.

3. 1) C 2) A 3) C 4) B 5) D 6) A 7) B 8)

C 9)

D 10) A

4. Understanding the reference Words.

1)the difficulty in coordination the steps

2)whether a person has a good heart

3) a good heart

4)the baseball team

5)sat down to fight

6)what the son has achieved

7)sensed

8)the reluctance to walk with him

●Vocabulary

1. 1) urged

2) halted

3) bother

4) embarrassed

5) adjusted

6) complain

7) kid

8)engage

9)subject

10)saw to it that

11)coordinate

12)participate

2.Word-building

patience

bitterness

fortune

knowledgeable

reluctant

entrance

complaint

envious

memorable

frustration

1)bitter

2)fortunate

3)patience

4)memorable

5)reluctant

6)entrance

7)complaints

8)envious

9)knowledgeable

10)frustration

●Translation

1.He walks slowly because of his bad leg.

2.He came to the meeting despite his serious illness.

3.He saw to it that the same mistake didn’t happen again.

4.Now that they’ve got to know each other a little be tter, the get along just fine.

5.Then I found myself surrounded by half a dozen boys.

6.I send you my best wishes on this happy occasion.

●Part Three Further development

3.What is love?

1)causes

2)offers

3)to

4)not

5)tell

6)calls

7)attracted

8)discovers

9)weak

10)disappointed

11)distance

12)out

●Part Four Writing and Translation

2. Translation Practice

1.From Chinese into English

1)support a big family

2)care for her children and parents

3)pay for his children’s education

4)after years of diligent research

5)the financial burden on his shoulders

6)She has a golden heart/ a heart of gold and loves people around her.

7)My father has never bought any toys and candies for my younger brother and

me, but I know he loves us.

8)My parents do their best to meet our needs and always keep their promises. 2.From English into Chinese

1)他从来不感到疲劳，非常喜欢干活，而且说话不多。

2)有她陪在身边我很高兴并感到安全，尤其是在天气不好的时候。

3)从他那里得到的一切我们都很感激，而且下决心要努力学习来报答他。

4)她常常给我们讲一些很有趣的故事，而且从这些故事中我能能够知道自

己该什么，不该做什么。

●Part Two Reading centered activities

Pre-reading

Reading Comprehension

1.Understanding the main idea of the passage

1)different

2)problems

3)communication

4)translator

5)trust

6)acceptance

7)exaggerate

8)superlatives

9)metaphors

10)generalizations

11)unsupportive

12)literally

13)rethink

14)translate

2.Understanding Specific Information

1) F 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) T 6) F 7) T 8) T 9) T 10) T

●V ocabulary

1.1) mess

2) repeat

3) mislead

4) intends

5) tend

6) exaggerates

7) frustrating

8) misinterpreted

9) acceptance

10) trust

2. Step One

1) f 2) c 3) a 4) k 5) I 6) e 7) h 8) j 9) g 10) b 11) d Step Two

1)conveyed/ conveyed

2)assistance

3)encounter

4)conflict

5)emphasis

6)reacted

7)recognize

8)manner

9)assumed/assume

10)emerged/emerges

11)ignore

3. 1) out 2) on 3) with 4) of 5) In 6) in 7) to 8) on 9) At 10) of

●Translation

1.I went to the dentist yesterday to have a bad/decayed tooth pulled out.

2.The development of things depends fundamentally on internal causes.

3.All roads lead to Rome.

4.I meant/intended to give you that book today, but I forgot to bring it with me.

5.I was on the verge of accepting his advice.

6.Divorce is not a matter you can afford to take lightly.

●Part Three Further development

4 .A Letter for James

Dear James,

How are you?

very busy

to get ready

play

friends

won

great

got me

mobile phone

gotta go

Please write back.

●Part Four Writing and Translation

4.Translation Practice

1)Misunderstandings are very common in our daily lives.

They will cause problems and unnecessary trouble: ruin friendships, bring misery.

2)There are many ways to avoid misunderstandings

1.Do not use words that may have double meanings.

2.Express ideas and pronounce words clearly.

3.Emphasize the main points.

4.Don’t pretend to understand when you don’t.

5.Ask for clarification when not clear about the meaning.

6.Be aware of the gender differences in communication.

3)Many misunderstandings can be avoided if we are careful enough. Life

without misunderstandings will be better and happier.

Part Two

Post-reading

●Reading Comprehension

1.Understanding the Organization of the Text

1)Introduction (para.1)

Each person has the potential to win in his own way.

2)The meaning of “winner” and “loser”(Par. 2)

A winter is one who responds genuinely by being trustworthy and responsive

A loser is one who fails to respond genuinely

3)Few people are winners and losers all the time.(Par.3)

4)Winners (Par. 4-7)

Characteristics of a winner:

A.A winter is genuine

B. A winner is not afraid to do his own thinking and to use his own

knowledge.

C. A winner is flexible.

D.A winner has a love for life.

E. A winner cares about the world and its people.

5)Losers (Para. 8-10)

Possible causes: Poor nutrition, cruelty, unhappy relationship, disease,

continuing disappointments, and inadequate physical care.

Characteristics of a loser:

A.A loser lacks an ability to appropriately express himself through a full

range of possible behavior.

B. A loser has difficulty giving and receiving love.

2.Understanding Specific Information

1) C 2) D 3) A 4) B 5) C

V ocabulary

1.

1) appreciate

A.感激

B. 欣赏，赏识

2 ) Capacity

A. 容量，容积，容纳力

B. 能力，力量，才能

3)channel

A. 频道

B. 把---导向，引导，集中

4)contribute

A. 捐献，捐赠，贡献出

B. 有助于，促成

5)flexible

A. 有弹性的，柔韧的

B. 灵活的，可变通的

6) guilt

A. 罪，罪行

B. 内疚，自责，悔恨

7) potential

A. 潜在的，可能的

B. 潜力，潜能

8) rigid

A. 硬的，不易弯曲的

B. 严格的，刻板的

2．achieve---achievement

depend---dependence

cruel---cruelty

genuine---genuineness

aware---awareness

capable---capability

expect---expectation

limit---limitation

unique—uniqueness

respond—response

disappoint---disappointment

behave—behavior

1) expectation 2) limitations 3) capability 4) achievement 5) response

6) awareness 7) behavior 8) disappointment 9) cruelty 10) dependence 3. 1) entered into 2) channeled ---into 3) holds/held back

4) unaware of 5) separates---from 6) referred to ---as

7) lived up to 8) calls for 9) contributes to 10) sees/ saw ---as Translation

1. Lack of confidence contributed to his failure.

2. She has shown great courage in the face of her serious illness.

3.We came to the conclusion that she was telling the truth.

4.His secretary failed to tell him about the meeting.

5.Learning languages isn’t just a matter of memorizing words.

6.Once she has made her decision, no one can hold her back.

7.It’ll be difficult to live up to the standards set by our captain.

8.The scientist referred to this discovery as the most exciting new development in

this field.

Part Four

Writing and Translation

2. Translation Practice

1)Failure is the mother of success.

2)Any man who is afraid of failure will/can never win.

3)Success means that you enjoy/love and are good at doing what you are doing now.

4)One who is eager to win will not necessarily win quickly.

5) A successful person doesn’t ask for things fro m others. On the contrary/ Instead,

he will ask himself: “ What can I leave to this world?”

6) A real winner is someone who makes the greatest contributions to the society, not

the one who is the richest, or the most famous.

3. Writing

Some people say that winning means being rich, some say winning means being powerful, and other think winning means being happy. I think winning means doing what you should do and being good at it. Most of us can only live in this world for no more than 70 or 80 years. We sh ouldn’t think too much about what we can get form this world. Instead, we should think about what we can leave in this world. The one who can make more contributions to the world is a real winner. For example, cleaning the street is a humble job in many pe ople’s eyes, but in my opinion, street cleaners can also be great winners. They make our city more beautiful. They give us a better environment and consequently a better life. But, on the contrary, some people make money at the cost of the environment. Some are even worse: they cheat or kill others in order to gain power or earn money. Winners or losers? It’s time to give it a second thought.

Part Two

Post-Reading

●Reading Comprehension

1. Understanding the Organization of the Text

1)Introduction (Para. 1-2)

The term placebo is introduced: when it is prescribed and what it is.

2)The study of the placebo(Para.3-7)

i)The placebo works because the human mind fools itself.

ii)The placebo makes the wish to get better become reality.

iii)The doctor

70 percent or the people

only 25 percent of the people

3)seasickness, coughs, colds, pain after an operation

nothing at all

The first group showed no changes from the way old people in that village had always been.

a placebo

The second group had much better health and a lower death rate.

a real drug which was intended to help with the problems of old age.

The third group showed much the same results as the group that took the placebo.

4)if the placebo can have bad effects it should never be used.

2. Understanding Specific Information

1) Yes 2) No 3) Maybe 4) Yes 5) Yes 6) No 7) Yes 8) Maybe

●V ocabulary

1.

1) A. a substance used for treating illness, especially a liquid you drink

B. the treatment and study of illness and injuries

2) A. an act of firing a gun

B. an injection of a drug

3) A. the part of a spacecraft in which astronauts live and work

B a plastic container shaped like a very small tube with medicine inside

4) A. become whole and sound, return to health

B. cause to become mentally or emotionally strong again after a bad experience

5) A. a particular way of behaving towards someone or of dealing with them.

B. a method that is intended to cure an injury or illness.

6) A. the process of cutting into someone’s body to repair or remove a part that is

damaged

B. the process of making a machine or system work

7) A. a person or their particular problem that a doctor is dealing with

B. a situation that exists, especially as it affects a particular person or group

8) A. make someone think that a particular thing is true; indicate

B. tell someone your ideas about what they should do, where they should go, etc.

2. 1) a 2) e 3) f 4) d 5) g 6) h 7) c 8) b

●Translation

1)All I can say is that we are extremely sorry.

2)In many cases regulations alone will not work.

3)He is highly likely to succeed because of his intelligence and diligence.

4)She stared at me as if I were a stranger.

5)It is reported that three people were injured in the traffic accident yesterday.

6)I feel angry at the way he (has) treated me.

7)The patient is much the same this morning as he was yesterday.

8)I’d like to stay (at) home this evening rather than go out.

Part Four

Writing And Translation

2) Translation practice

A: What are you doing?

B: I’m reading a magazine, Psychology.

A: Well, it must be fun to learn something about psychology.

B: You bet. Psychology has broad applications in our daily life.

A: For example…?

B. For example, people can’t resist the temptation to buy clothes on sale; patients feel much better after they’ve taken some placebos.

A.Wait, …wait. I don’t think it has anything to do with psychology.

B.It does have something to do with psychology. People can’t help buying clothes

on sale because they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must satisfy. Patients who have taken some placebos feel much better because they constantly tell themselves that they will become better, and their strong will makes the wish to get better become reality.

A: Oh, I see. Does psychology also play a role in such cases as talking with friends and listening to fast music?

B.Yes, talking with friends can be relaxing, and listening to fast music can make

people energetic or dynamic. According to psychology, these are god ways of keeping a distance from depression and pressure.

3. Writing

Sample 1

Psychology plays an important role in our daily life. Our feeling and attitudes color the way we behave. Confidence is a good example.

In reality, a great number of people complain that they are not able to do something or that their difficulties are too great to overcome. In some cases, this may be true. But in other cases, it means that these people allow themselves to get discouraged.

For example, a confident man can accomplish many things. If you have confidence, you believe you can do things well. You might not always do as well as you hope, but you will try harder the next time. A man who lacks self-confidence might not be able to complete simple tasks. Without confidence you are likely to be nervous, unsure of yourself and confused about what to do and how to do it. You may think you will fail, so as a result you will not try hard enough.

As the old saying goes, where is a will, there is a way. In other words, if you have

the will or the determination to do something, you will always find a way to do it. Having confidence is an important part of our life.

Sample 2

In our daily life, we often have to buy things. Most of us cannot really distinguish good quality form bad quality. Obviously we can see if an apple is rotten, but we cannot always see if something is well made. What thoughts make us buy things?

A women may decide to buy a particular style of dress because several of her friends choose that style. She wants to be like her friends. A man might decide to buy a particular coat because it is expensive. He thinks that since it is expensive it must be of good quality. A student who has a lot of money might decide to buy a jacket because it was designed by a well-known designer. Wearing a jacket with the designer’s name on it makes him feel important.

These are not the logical reasons for buy things, but they explain the motivation behind people’s actions or behavior. It means that psychology or our mental state plays an important role in many aspects of our daily life.

Part Two

Post-Reading

Reading Comprehension

1. Understanding the Organization of the Text

I Introduction: Questions concerning dreams have puzzled human beings. (para.1)

II Dreaming and sleeping (para. 2-3)

1) When does dreaming occur?

When we are in REM sleep.

2) What are the main purposes of sleeping?

To give us rest and to allow us to dream.

III Possible causes of dreams (para. 4-6)

1)Physiological

Example: Sleeping with one’s feet too close to a heater may cause one to dream of walking on hot coals.

2)Reflection of inner fears

Example: Worrying about losing one’s job may cause one to dream of losing one’s job.

IV Dreaming interpretation (para.7-9)

1)The earliest dream dictionary included symbols such as drinking wine to indicate

a short life and drinking water to indicate a long life.

2)Artemidorus’dictionary includes symbols such as right hand (father), left hand

(mother) and dolphin (a good omen).

3) Most experts warn that dream interpretations should be treated with care.

2 Understanding Specific Information

1) T 2) T 3) T 4)T 5) F 6) T 7) T 8) T 9) F

10) F

●V ocabulary

1 1) explanation 2) enthusiasts 3)frustrating 4)popularity 5) unconscious

6) electrical 7) movements 8) recognizable 9) interpretation 10) countless

2 Task A

1) asleep 2) sleepless 3) sleep 4) sleepy 5) asleep 6) slept 7) sleeping, sleep

8) sleeper

Task B

1)submerged: (cause to) go below the surface of the sea, river or lake （使）浸没，

淹没

2)subculture: the behavior, practices, etc. associated with a group within a society亚

文化

3)submarine: a special type of ship which can travel under water潜水艇

4)subway: (BrE) a path for people to walk under a road or railway地下通道; (AmE)

a railway that runs under the ground地铁

5)subzero: (of temperatures) below zero零度以下的

6)Subtropical: related to an area near to a tropical area, or typical of that area副热带

的，亚热带的

7)subspecies: a subdivision of a species（物种的）亚种

8)subnormal: below an average or expected standard, especially of intelligence低于

正常的

3. 1) progressed 2) puzzled 3) process 4) reflected 5) predict 6) advances 7) symbol 8) ancient 9) error 10) conscious 11) analysis 12) inner

●Translation

1 You will see that what I am saying now will come true.

2 The lecture was so boring that half (of) the students fell asleep.

3 The problem of unemployment is tied up with the development of new technology.

4 His appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize him.

5 The castle dates back to the 14th century.

6 She has never done anything for them, whereas they have done everything they can for him.

Part Three Further Development

1 V ocabulary Review

1) A natural: not involving anything made by people天然的，自然的

B neutral: (of colors) not very strong or bright不鲜艳的，暗淡的

C natural: normal; usual正常的，惯常的

D neutral: not saying or doing anything that would encourage or help any of the

groups involved in an argument or war.中立的，不偏不倚的

2) A shattered: (cause to ) break suddenly into very small pieces（使）粉碎

B crashing: hit something or someone extremely hard while moving, in a way that

causes a lot of damage or makes a lot of noise 撞击

C cracked: do something with a sudden sharp noise 劈啪地响

D crashed: a violent accident involving one or more vehicles（汽车的）撞车事故；（飞机的）失事

E crack: (cause to ) break without dividing into separate parts（使）开裂

3) A ancient: of or from a long time ago, having lasted for a very long time, or very old古代的，远古的，古老的

B early: near the beginning of (a period of time), or before the usual, expected or planned time早的，早期的

C previous: happening or existing before the one mentioned先前的，以前的

4) A sign: something which shows that something exists or is happing迹象

B symbols: a shape or design that is used to represent something such as an idea象征

C signal: a sound or action that you make in order to give information to someone

or tell them to do something信号

D signs/symbols: a standard mark that is used to represent something符号，记号

5) A view: state of seeing or being seen from a particular place视野，视域

B vision: power of seeing; sight视力

C vision: a picture in one’s mind of a possible situation or scene（对一可能情况或场景的）构想，设想；念头

D outlook: your general attitude to life and the world（对生活、世界的）观点，见解

E view: personal opinion or attitude观点，看法

6) A errors/mistakes: things done incorrectly through ignorance or wrong judgment错误，失误

B fault: if something bad that has happened is your fault, you should be blamed for it 过错

C error: a moral wrong道德上的错误

D fault: something that is wrong with a machine, system, design, etc., which prevents it from working properly故障

E mistake: (by mistake) if you do something by mistake, you do it without intending to错误地，（并非故意）

7) A confused: unable to think clearly迷惑的，糊涂的

B confusing: difficult to understand, puzzling令人迷惑的

8) A conscious: noticing the existence or presence of something particular意识到的，知道的

B unconscious: in the state of having lost consciousness 失去知觉的

C subconscious: present at a hidden level of the mind 潜意识的，下意识的

D consciousness: the state of being awake, thinking and aware of what is happening around you意识，神志清醒

2 Matching Symbols with Interpretations

1)d 2) k 3) a 4) j 5) G 6) h 7) c 8) l 9) e 10) f 11) I 12) b

13) Falling down from a high place: It may predict a heart attack.

14) Eating spoiled（馊的）food: It may predict a stomach problem.

15) Choking（窒息）: It may be caused by using a quilt that is too heavy.

More symbols and their interpretations:

Being dead: The dreamer may experience a new start in life.

Getting lost on a journey: The dreamer is unable to see the future.

Finding a lot of money: The dreamer is about to find out something hidden about himself.

Wild animals: The dreamer feels attacked and wants a chance to show his real power and strength.

Part Four Writing and Translation

2 Translation Practice

梦是心灵的谈话

人类至今尚未开启通往梦的世界的大门。尽管我们很多人意识到做梦的价值，希望了解我们在梦中的活动，但大多数人在睡眠中仍觉得像进入梦幻世界一样。有些人认为梦中的生活跟醒着的生活一样真实，而且在积极寻找方法控制睡眠时的思维活动，然而很少有人会将清醒时发生的事情跟梦中发生的事情联系在一起。

心理学家和心理玄学家在20 世纪90 年代普遍认为，我们的梦境包含着日常生活的内容。因此，学习记住并“挖掘”梦境是非常有用的。纵观历史，土著居民们就曾特意集体漫游梦境以解决问题，或根据部落所梦见的未来生活设定方向。许多重要的科学发现就来源于梦境中发生的事件。

3 Writing

Sample

A Nightmare

I grew up in the country and life was hard at that time. I used to share a bed with my younger brother. We would often fight for space.

One night, I had a terrible dream. In the dream, our village was occupied by foreign invaders. The invaders were taking away property and children from households. They set houses on fire and killed anyone who did not obey them. I managed to hide in a pile of hay. I could hear my heart thumping when I saw some foreign soldiers coming toward our house. I couldn’t see them clearly because my eyes were covered with hay. I could hear them coming nearer and talking angrily. But I didn’t understand anything that they said. Just then, I realized that one of my arms was not fully covered.

I wanted to hide it but I dared not move. Then one of the soldiers discovered me. I was almost scared to death. But still I didn’t move. Then I felt a severe pain on my left arm/ I was wounded by a soldier with a sword.

I woke up and realized that I had just had a nightmare. But my left arm was hurting. My brother’s leg had been pressing on my arm.

(210 words)

Part Two

In-Class Reading

Pre-reading

Samples

1._____ I like fresh fruit, vegetables, pork, seafood, all kinds of nuts, etc. I don’t

like beef, lamb, chicken and pickles.

_____ Although I’m not a vegetarian, I like vegetables and fruit most. I eat a lot of them. I also like seafood because I was born in a city on the coast. I’ve been exposed to seafood ever since my childhood. I don’t eat meat, any kind of meat. 2._____ The reason why I eat certain foods or don’t eat certain foods is simple: taste.

In other words, I eat what tastes good, and don’t eat what does n’t. But there is one exception. I’ve never tried snake because I’m scared by the creature. The mere mention of the word “snake” makes my skin crawl.

_____ I think our eating habits were formed at home when we were very young.

For example, my mother is an excellent cook, especially good at cooking seafood and vegetables. I ate a lot of them at home. Gradually I’ve become used to this diet.

3.Yes. People in Guangzhou eat rats, snakes and many other birds or animals. It is

said that they eat anything with 2 legs except human beings and anything with 4 legs except tables. Although it is an exaggeration, it shows they really eat a wide range of things. Many people think that’s strange because rats and snakes are nauseating. I also find eating raw fish strange, because I think raw fish contains a lot of bacteria.

Post-reading

1.Finding Food Taboos

India cow 1) Cows help plow the fields.

2) Cow manure can be used as fertilizer.

3) Cow manure can be dried and burned to make a cooking fire.

The united States dog 1) Dogs serve as companions for people.

2) Dogs serve as protection against thieves.

Ancient Egypt & Israel pork 1) Pork cooked insufficiently may spread disease.

2) People did not want to stay in one place to raise pigs.

2.Understanding the Details

1)nutrition, religion, the ways of different people

2)butterflies, rats, termites

3)calories, protein

4)there is plenty of land for raising cattle and their meat can be shipped cheaply

for long distances by railroads.

5)They go wherever they want to in the streets; they can eat anything from the

supplies of the foodsellers on the streets

3 Discussion

Samples

1)Differences:

___ People in Northern China like noodles, jiaozi, steamed rolls, etc., while people in Southern china prefer rice.

___ People in Northern China eat a lot of Chinese cabbage (大白菜)，while people in Southern China eat a lot of other vegetables.

___ People in East China eat a lot of seafood, while people in West China eat a lot of beef and lamb.

___ People in some provinces, such as Sichuan, Hunan and Hubei, like food that tastes hot, while people in some other places in Jiangsu and Zhejiang enjoy food that tastes a little bit sweet.

Reasons:

I think the differences are related to people’s tastes, the availability of foods,

weather, soil and geographical conditions, etc.

2)___ When I see people eat things I don’t like, my first reaction is disgust. I

just can’t understand how people can eat such nauseating things. Sometimes I feel that people are cruel when they eat some animals which are a help to human beings.

___ I don’t mind what other people prefer eating. People can have different likes and dislikes in different aspects. Nowadays a variety of foods are available in most places of the coutry and people can have a good choice. Many of us even enjoy foods from other countries. But we have to think about our environment as well as health before eating. SARS has already taught us a good lesson in eating. Vocabulary

1.1) common 2) appropriate 3) forbidden 4) supplies 5) related

6) evidence 7) requires 8) raise 9) spread 10) sufficiently

2.1) disgusting 2) habit 3) insects 4) reasonable 5) relatively

6) animals 7) harvested 8) grow 9) nearly 10) other

11) altogether 12) consumed 13) avoided 14) popular 15) offers

16) served 17) would 18) enjoyed 19) considered 20) reject

3.1) g 2) f 3) b 4) c 5) h 6) e 7) I 8) d 9) a 10) j

Translation

1.We regard him as one of the best players in the game.

2.The scientist picked up those little pieces of rock and carefully put them into a

box.

3.The population of China is almost five times as large as that of the United States.

4.The reason why grass is green was once a mystery to the little boy.

5.She was standing by the window, apparently quite calm and relaxed.

6.Profits have declined as a result of the recent drop in sales.

7.She put on dark glasses as a protection against the strong light.

8.He could no longer be trusted after that incident.

Part Three

Further Development

1.Jokes and Riddles About Food

Step one

1)Pear. 2) Mushroom.

2 Food Proverbs

1)d: Half a loaf is better than none.有一点总比没有好。

Meaning: Even if you have only a little, it is better than none at all.

2)e: The proof of the pudding is in the eating.布丁好坏，一尝便知。

Meaning: Something new can only be judged to be good or bad after it has

been tried or used.

3)b: Too many cooks spoil the broth.厨师多了烧坏汤。

Meaning: if there are too many people trying to do the same job at the same

time, the job will not be done well.

4)f: One man’s meat is another man’s poison.甲之熊掌，乙之砒霜

Meaning: Something that one person likes may not be liked by someone else.

5)g: You can’t have your cake and eat it too. 两者不可兼得。

Meaning: if you eat your cake, you can’t have it. In other words, one can’t

have two good things at once.

6)c: Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.不要把一切希望寄托在一件事

上。

Meaning: Don’t depend completely on one thing or one course of action in

order to achieve success. Or one should try alternative ways.

7)a: It’s no use crying over spilt milk.事后不要无益地后悔。

Meaning: It’s useless to waste time feeling sorry about an earlier mistake or

problem that can’t be changed.

3 Preparing Food

Step One

Samples

1)Rice, tomato soup with eggs, some pineapple, roast chicken leg, baked

beans, some apples

2)Rice, onion with eggs (fried), tomato slices with sugar, potato crisps,

some milk.

3)Roast potato, fried chicken leg, tuna, tomato soup with eggs, some

pineapple.

4)Six boiled eggs, some milk, baked beans, tomato soup, some apples.

5)Rice, two omelets, some tuna, some pineapple, some yogurt.

4 Eating at Cassandra’s

Omitted

5 Places to Eat

Omitted

6 Our Eating Habits

Step Two

Similarities:

___ Spend 10 to 12 hours eating in a normal week.

___ Eat three meals a day.

___ Eat a lot of fresh vegetables, fresh meat, biscuits, and chocolates.

___ Have meals in the school cafeterias most of the time.

___ Don’t cook.

___ Like fast food.

Differences:

___ Food likes are different.

___ Food prepares are different.

Step Three

Omitted

Part Four

Writing And Translation

2 Translation Practice

1)What is unusual is the fact that many students don’t eat vegetables

2)Students from the North like pasta, for example, noodles and dumplings.

3)Students brought up near the sea eat seafood, while those from West China enjoy

beef and lamb.

4)What is worth mentioning is that some girls are on a diet to keep a slim figure.

5)Food likes and dislikes vary from one student to another.

6)Some students are keen on meat of all kinds, while others prefer fruits and nuts.

7)In some families, parents do most of the cooking, while in other, grandparents

will take on the responsibility.

8)Generally speaking, most of the students eat at school cafeterias, but some

students from wealthy families have meals in restaurants.

9)It is very surprising that some students often eat at restaurants because students

don’t usually earn money,

10)Cooking, traditionally undertaken by mothers, has been often taken over by

fathers nowadays.

3 Writing

Our Eating Habit

The survey shows that students usually spend little time eating. They eat three meals a day, with rice as their basic food (staple). Students from the North like pasta, for example, noodles, steamed bread, and dumplings. Most students like fresh fish, seafood and eggs. Only a few students say that they are keen on meat of all kinds. Most students eat their meals at the school cafeterias. They do n’t cook at home, and some haven’t even tried cooking. Their parents or grandparents do the cooking in their families.

What is unusual is the fact that many students don’t eat vegetables. They think fruit can provide all the necessary nutrients their bodies need. With some students, milk is gradually taking the place of water and other drinks. Besides, in many families, it is now the father who does most of the cooking. The role of the mother seems to have changed a lot.

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Unit 1 ●Part Two Reading centered activities Pre-reading Reading Comprehension 1.Understanding the structure of the passage Para.1-4 c para.5-7 a para.8-11 b para.12-13 d 2. 1) They would stare at them. 2) He felt embarrassed/ ashamed 3) He never let on. 4) He usually walked there with the help of his son 5) He was pulled on a child’s sleigh to the subway station 6) He like basketball, dances, and parties 7) He asked them to sit down and fight with him. 8) He was proud of his son 9) He missed him very much and was sorry for what he had thought about him. 10) He learned to have a good heart from his father. 3. 1) C 2) A 3) C 4) B 5) D 6) A7) B 8) C 9) D 10) A 4. Understanding the reference Words. 1)the difficulty in coordination the steps 2)whether a person has a good heart 3) a good heart 4)the baseball team 5)sat down to fight 6)what the son has achieved 7)sensed 8)the reluctance to walk with him ●Vocabulary 1. 1) urged 2) halted 3) bother 4) embarrassed 5) adjusted 6) complain 7) kid 8)engage 9)subject 10)saw to it that 11)coordinate 12)participate 2.Word-building patience

新编大学英语4(第二版)Unit 1-Unit 6单元 课文翻译及课后答案详解

课内阅读参考译文及课后习题答案(Book 4) Unit 1 享受幽默—什么东西令人开怀？ 1 听了一个有趣的故事会发笑、很开心，古今中外都一样。这一现象或许同语言本身一样悠久。那么，到底是什么东西会使一个故事或笑话让人感到滑稽可笑的呢？ 2 我是第一次辨识出幽默便喜欢上它的人，因此我曾试图跟学生议论和探讨幽默。这些学生文化差异很大，有来自拉丁美洲的，也有来自中国的。我还认真地思考过一些滑稽有趣的故事。这么做完全是出于自己的喜好。 3 为什么听我讲完一个笑话后，班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合，而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢？显然，有些人对幽默比别人更敏感。而且，我们也发现有的人很善于讲笑话，而有的人要想说一点有趣的事却要费好大的劲。我们都听人说过这样的话：―我喜欢笑话，但我讲不好，也总是记不住。‖有些人比别人更有幽默感，就像有些人更具有音乐、数学之类的才能一样。一个真正风趣的人在任何场合都有笑话可讲，而且讲了一个笑话，就会从他记忆里引出一连串的笑话。一个缺乏幽默感的人不可能成为一群人中最受欢迎的人。一个真正有幽默感的人不仅受人喜爱，而且在任何聚会上也往往是人们注意的焦点。这么说是有道理的。 4 甚至有些动物也具有幽默感。我岳母从前经常来我们家，并能住上很长一段时间。通常她不喜欢狗，但却很喜欢布利茨恩—我们养过的一条拉布拉多母猎犬。而且，她们的这种喜欢是相互的。布利茨恩在很小的时候就常常戏弄外祖母，当外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上时，布利茨恩就故意把她卧室里的一只拖鞋叼到起居室，并在外祖母刚好够不到的地方蹦来跳去，一直逗到外祖母忍不住站起来去拿那只拖鞋。外祖母从椅子上一起来，布利茨恩就迅速跳上那椅子，从它那闪亮的棕色眼睛里掠过一丝拉布拉多式的微笑，无疑是在说：―啊哈，你又上了我的当。‖ 5 典型的笑话或幽默故事由明显的三部分构成。第一部分是铺垫（即背景），接下来是主干部分（即故事情节），随后便是妙语（即一个出人意料或令人惊讶的结尾）。如果这个妙语含有一定的幽默成分，这个笑话便会很有趣。通常笑话都包含这三部分，而且每部分都必须交代清楚。如果讲故事或说笑话的人使用听众都熟悉的手势和语言，则有助于增强效果。 6 我们可以对幽默这种娱乐形式，进行分析，从而发现究竟是什么使一个有趣的故事或笑话令人发笑。举例来说，最常见的幽默有以下几种，包括了从最显而易见的幽默到比较微妙含蓄的幽默。 7 ―滑稽剧‖是最明显的幽默。它语言简单、直截了当，常常以取笑他人为乐。说笑打闹这种形式过去是、现在仍然是滑稽说笑演员和小丑的惯用技巧。它为不同年龄、不同文化背景的人们所喜爱。几乎本世纪的每个讲英语的滑稽说笑演员都曾以这样或那样的方式说过下面这则笑话。一位男士问另一位男士：―昨晚我看到的那位和你在一起的贵妇是谁？‖那位男士回答道：―那可不是什么贵妇，那是我老婆。‖这个笑话的幽默之处在于第二位男士说他的妻子不是一位贵妇，也就是说她不是一个高雅的女人。这个笑话并没有因为经常讲而变得不再那么好笑。由于这是一个经典笑话，观众都知道要说什么，而且因为大家对这个笑话很熟悉而更加珍爱它。 8 中国的相声是一种特殊的滑稽剧。相声中两名中国喜剧演员幽默地谈论诸如官僚主义者、家庭问题或其他一些有关个人的话题。相声随处都能听到，无论是在乡村的小舞台上，还是在北京最大的剧院里，抑或在广播、电视上。它显然是中国人家喻户晓的一种传统的幽默形式。 9 ―俏皮话‖不像滑稽剧那样浅显，它是因语言的误用或误解而引人发笑。我特别喜欢的一个例子是三位年长的绅士在英国乘火车旅行的故事。当火车慢慢停下来时，第一位绅士问道：―这是Wembley (温布利)吗？‖―不，‖第二位绅士说：―是Thursday (星期四)。‖―我也是，‖第三位说道，―让我们下车喝杯啤酒吧。‖我们知道上了年纪的人往往耳背，因此会把Wembley（温布利）听成了Wednesday（星期三），把Thursday（星期四）听成了thirsty（渴了），这样一来就为第三位老人的妙语做好了铺垫。 10 著名的中国漫画家和幽默家丁聪便是一位俏 皮话大师。在他的一幅幽默漫画中，一位老师说： ―你为什么一字不改地抄别人的作业？‖那位年轻的 学生回答道：―我没有一字不改地抄。我把作业上的 名字改成自己的了。‖在丁聪的另一幅经典漫画里， 一位生气的父亲问道：―告诉我，1加2等于几？‖ 儿子说：―我不知道。‖这位不耐烦的父亲接着说道： ―比方说，你、你妈妈和我，我们加起来一共是几个， 傻瓜？‖儿子得意地回答道：―是三个傻瓜。‖ 这些 故事无论是漫画还是笑话，是由演滑稽剧的喜剧演 员说还是由搭档的相声演员讲，都为各地人们所喜 爱。人们喜爱这些有趣的故事，因为它们贴近现实 生活，而且里面那些出人意料的妙语十分有趣。 11 双关语是一种更微妙的俏皮话。它使用的技巧 是利用发音相似的词或同一个词的不同意思。有些 批评家认为双关语是最低级的幽默，但我不同意这 种观点。双关语与其他形式的幽默相比需要更细 微、更巧妙的语言技巧；然而，简单的双关语甚至 很小的孩子也能利用。例如，谜语或脑筋急转弯问 题常使用双关语做铺垫、制造故事情节，而且更多 地是用在妙语部分。双关语是我最早懂得的幽默。 记得大约在五岁时我听到了下面这个谜语。一个人 问：―什么东西整个儿是黑的、白的和红的？‖另外 一个人通常猜不出来，于是问道：―我不猜了。是什 么呀？‖出谜语的人回答：―是报纸。‖如果你知道在 英语中―red（红色）‖和―read（读）‖的读音一样但 意思完全不同，答案就很明显了。 12 DOUBLE ENTENDRES （法语中的―一语双 关‖）是双关语的特殊形式, 其中的词或短语有双重 意思。两个意思往往很不相同，一个比较恰当，另 一个往往比较粗俗—但并不总是这样。我喜欢那个 关于一位中学教师和校长因看见学生在学校操场 上接吻而感到担心的故事。故事并不过火。那位教 师对学生们说；―我和校长已经决定停止在学校操场 上接吻。‖听到笑声，她意识到她没有把意思表达清 楚，于是补充说：―我的意思是不能再在我们的鼻子 下面发生接吻这样的事了。‖当然，这个解释并没有 纠正她的第一句话，反而使这个笑话的双重含义变 得更加好笑。 13 一些专业的幽默家认为如今的幽默大多缺乏 智慧，不够巧妙。他们不喜欢在幽默中过多使用有 色情意味或粗俗的语言，而且觉得大多数幽默家缺 乏创造性。的确，现在有些幽默令人震惊，但我认 为这不是幽默的过错。幽默本身是活泼健康的，它 还会继续生存下去，只因为每天都有有趣的事情发 生。一些有幽默感的人会看到听到这些有趣的事 情，并把它们编成妙趣横生、令人开心的笑话和故 事。 V ocabulary 1. 1) A. entertaining B. entertainment C. entertained D. entertainer 2) A. recognizable B. recognized C. recognition 3) A. tempting B. temptation C. tempt 4) A. reasoned B. reasoning C. reasonable D. reason 5) A. analyzed B. analytical C. analyst D. analysis 6) A. valuable B. valuation C. valued/values D. values 7) A. humorist B. humor C. humorous D. humorless 8) A. understandable B. understanding C. understand D. misunderstood 2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority 4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice 7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction 10) a sense of urgency 3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments 4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement 7) made fun of him 8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint 9) to be the focus/center of attention 10) we buy our tickets in advance 4. 1）certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6) agreed 7) individually 8) first 9) response 10) question 11) attempt 12) voice 13) directly 14) followed 15) trouble Unit 2 便笺的力量 1 我当体育编辑，最早是为蒙比利埃（俄亥俄州） 的《企业导报》工作，当时我很少收到体育迷的来 信。因此，一天早晨放在我桌上的一封来信把我吸 引住了。 2 打开来信，我看到了下面的话：―关于老虎队的 述评很不错，再接再厉。‖签名的是体育编辑堂?沃 尔夫。当时我只是一个十几岁的小伙子（为每一竖 栏写一英寸文字，稿酬总计达15美分），因此他的 话最鼓舞人心了。我把这封信一直放在书桌的抽屉 里，后来它的边角都卷起来了。每当我怀疑自己不 是当作家的料时，重温一下堂的便笺，就又会树起 信心来。 3 后来，我逐渐对堂有所了解，知道给各行各业 的人写快捷而鼓舞人心的便笺是他养成的习惯。他 告诉我说：―当我使别人充满信心时，我也感觉好极 了。‖ 4 因此毫不奇怪，他的朋友圈子就像附近的伊利 湖那么大。去年他去世了，享年75岁。电话与悼 函像潮水般涌向报社，都来自于曾经得到过他激励 （文字）的人们。 5 多年来，我努力效仿堂以及我的其他朋友，他 们关心别人，常写一些鼓舞人心的话语，因为我觉 得，他们这样做是很有意义的。在这样一个惯于冷 漠、无动于衷的世界上，这种便笺给人们带来了温 暖和安慰。我们都时不时地需要鼓励，大家知道几 行赞扬的话会改变一个人的一天，甚至一生。 6 那么，这些激励人心的便笺的作者为什么寥若 晨星呢？我猜想很多人回避写，是因为他们太看重 人们的看法。他们担心会被误解，怕别人觉得他们 自作多情或者言不由衷。还有，写也要花时间，远 不如打电话方便。 7 当然打电话的缺点是：说过的话留不住。而一 张便笺使我们的良好意愿显得更加珍贵。便笺是白 纸黑字记录在案的东西，而且我们写下的字可以反 复阅读，细细品味并珍藏起来。 8 尽管写便笺会多花一些时间，但一些非常忙的 人也在这么做，其中包括乔治?布什。有人说，他政 治上的成功在很大程度上归功于他那枝随时准备 写字的笔。这是怎么回事呢？在他整个职业生涯 中，每次与人们接触之后，他几乎都随后写封信， 内容亲切——一句赞美之辞，一行表扬的话，或一 段感谢语。他不仅写给朋友和同事，还写给萍水相 逢的人以及完全陌生的人——比如那位借伞给他 的人，后来收到他热情的赞扬信，感到很惊讶。 9 那些通常做作的公司高层经理们，其领导作风 只能被形容为强硬、冷漠、脱离群众。甚至这些人 也开始学习写便笺去鼓舞人心，且从中获益匪浅。 唐纳德?彼得森，福特公司的前主席，把每天写便笺 鼓励同事当作一件日常工作。该公司在80年代时 走出低谷取得成功主要是他的功劳。―我只不过匆匆 地在备忘录或信的角上写一些鼓舞人心的话，然后 传递出去，‖他说道。―每天最重要的一段时间，就 是鼓舞那些为你工作的人的那10分钟。‖ 10 ―太多的时候，‖他发表自己的看法说，―那些 我们真正喜欢的人并不知道我们是怎么看待他们 的。太多的时候，我们会以为，我并没有说过什么 批评的话，为什么非得去说好话呢？我们忘了，人 类需要正面的肯定或鼓励——事实上，我们靠这个 取得进步，获得成功！‖ 11 怎样才能写出振奋精神、温暖人心的信呢？只 要我们怀有要表示感激之情的心愿。写这种便笺的 高手都具有我所谓的―４S‖技巧。 12 １）真诚(sincere)。没人要听虚假的赞美。 13 ２）简短(short)。如果不能用三句话表达出你 的意思，你很可能过火了，写得太长。 14 ３）具体(specific)。赞扬一位业务伙伴―演讲