MBA英语真题
2011年MBA（工商管理硕士）英语真题
Section I Use of English
Directions：
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speec h. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has ?1 ?acr oss the Web.
Can privacy be preserved ?2?? bringing safety and security to a world that seems increas ingly? 3? ???????
Last month, Howard Schmidt, t he nation’s cyber-czar, offered the federal government a ?4 ?to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech ?5 ?of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled ?6? one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential ?7 ?to a specif ic computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services.
The idea is to ?8? a federation of private online identity systems. User could ?9 ?which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Interne
t driver’s license ??10?? by the government.
Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have the se“single sign-on”sys tems that make it possible for users to? ?11 ?just once but use many different services.
12.the approach would create a “walled garden” n cyberspace, with safe “neighborho ods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a? ?13? community.
Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individuals and organ izations can complete online transactions with? 14 ?,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure ?15? which the transaction runs”.
Still, the administration’s plan has ?16 ?privacy rights activists. Some applaud the appro ach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push towar d what would? 17 ?be a compulsory Internet “drive’s license” mentality.
The plan has also been greeted with ?18? by some computer security experts, who worr y that the “voluntary ecosystem”envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet? 19 ?.They argue that all Internet users should be ?20 ?to register and ide ntify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public road s.
1．A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden
2．A.for B.within C.while D.though
3．A.careless https://www.sodocs.net/doc/2910194247.html,wless C.pointless D.helpless
4．A.reason B.reminder https://www.sodocs.net/doc/2910194247.html,promise D.proposal 5．https://www.sodocs.net/doc/2910194247.html,rmation B.interference C.entertainment D.equivalent 6．A.by B.into C.from D.over
7．A.linked B.directed C.chained https://www.sodocs.net/doc/2910194247.html,pared 8．A.dismiss B.discover C.create D.improve
9．A.recall B.suggest C.select D.realize
10．A.relcased B.issued C.distributed D.delivered 11．A.carry on B.linger on C.set in D.log in
12．A.In vain B.In effect C.In return D.In contrast 13．A.trusted B.modernized C.thriving https://www.sodocs.net/doc/2910194247.html,peting 14．A.caution B.delight C.confidence D.patience 15．A.on B.after C.beyond D.across
16．A.divided B.disappointed C.protected D.united 17．A.frequestly B.incidentally C.occasionally D.eventually 18．A.skepticism B.relerance C.indifference D.enthusiasm
19．A.manageable B.defendable C.vulnerable D.invisible
20．A.invited B.appointed C.allowed D.forced
Section II?? Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)
Text? 1
Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs’s board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she a pparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism. But by the end of 200 9 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman’s compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February t he next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too mu ch time, she said.
Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm’s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals. If the sky, and
the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on havin g weathered their own crises.
The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10,000 fir ms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surpr ise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They fount that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings in creased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit a lso increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger f or larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad perfor mance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumpin g off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up.” Leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger a nd more stable firms.
But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of h istory shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.
21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for???????? .
[A]gaining excessive profits
[B]failing to fulfill her duty
[C]refusing to make compromises
[D]leaving the board in tough times
22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be???????? .
[A]generous investors
[B]unbiased executives
[C]share price forecasters
[D]independent advisers
23. According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside director’s surpr ise departure, the firm is likely to??????? .
[A]become more stable
[B]report increased earnings
[C]do less well in the stock market
[D]perform worse in lawsuits
24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors???????? .
[A]may stay for the attractive offers from the firm
[B]have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm
[C]are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm
[D]will decline incentives from the firm
25. The author’s attitude toward the role of outside directors is??????? .
[A]permissive
[B]positive
[C]scornful
[D]critical
Text? 2
Whatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own do om. America’s Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize the m ? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.
In much of the world there is the sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shr
ugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled co me of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.
It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone s ince 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the n erve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further. Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues fr om readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reli ance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to t he Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD). In Japan the prop ortion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable.
The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the dam age has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive. Car and film r eviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus hav e been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.
26. By saying “Newspapers like … their own doom” (Lines 3-4, Para. 1), the author indicates that newspaper??????? .
[A]neglected the sign of crisis
[B]failed to get state subsidies
[C]were not charitable corporations
[D]were in a desperate situation
27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because?????? .
[A]readers threatened to pay less
[B]newspapers wanted to reduce costs
[C]journalists reported little about these areas
[D]subscribers complained about slimmer products
28. Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more sta ble because they?????? .
[A]have more sources of revenue
[B]have more balanced newsrooms
[C]are less dependent on advertising
[D]are less affected by readership
29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business?
[A]Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.
[B]Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.
[C]Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business.
[D]Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.
30. The most appropriate title for this text would be???????? .
[A]American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival
[B]American Newspapers: Gone with the Wind
[C]American Newspapers: A Thriving Business
[D]American Newspapers: A Hopeless Story
Text? 3
We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of pro sperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college o n the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.
But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a belief that le ss could truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the fut ure, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.
Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phras e “less is more” was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mi es van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of desig n, emigrated to the United States before World War II
and took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enor mous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so that Mies. Mies’s signature phrase means that les s decoration, properly organized, has more impac t that a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated wood-materials that we take for grant ed today buy that in the 1940s sym bolized the future. Mies’s sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big an d often empty.
The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive, for e xample, were smaller-two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet-than those in their olde r neighbors along the city’s Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy g lass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings’ details and propo rtions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.
The trend toward “less” was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright st arted building more modest and efficient houses-usually around 1,200 square feet-than th e spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.
The “Case Study Houses” commissioned from talented modern architects by Californi a Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown i nfluence on the “less is more” trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House, Ralph everyday life –few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers –but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.
31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans’???????? .
[A]prosperity and growth
[B]efficiency and practicality
[C]restraint and confidence
[D]pride and faithfulness
32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about Bauhaus?
[A]It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.
[B]Its designing concept was affected by World War II.
[C]Most American architects used to be associated with it.
[D]It had a great influence upon American architecture.
33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design???????? .
[A]was related to large space
[B]was identified with emptiness
[C]was not reliant on abundant decoration
[D]was not associated with efficiency
34. What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive?
[A]They ignored details and proportions.
[B]They were built with materials popular at that time.
[C]They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.
[D]They shared some characteristics of abstract art.
35. What can we learn about the design of the “Case Study House”?
[A]Mechanical devices were widely used.
[B]Natural scenes were taken into consideration
[C]Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.
[D]Eco-friendly materials were employed.
Text? 4
Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded strange not long
ago. Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a “Bermu da triangle” of debt, population decline and lower growth.
As well as those chronic problems, the EU face an acute crisis in its economic core, th e 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of shari ng a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation. Yet the debate about how to save Europe’s single currency from disintegration is stuc k. It is stuck because the euro zone’s dominant powers, France and Germany, agree o n the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonies.
Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrow spending and com petitiveness, barked by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. The se might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects a nd even the suspension of a country’s voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insis ts that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the i nner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference.
A “southern” camp headed by French wants something different: ”European econom ic governmen t” within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means pol iticians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poo
rer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or c omplete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the France government have murmured, curo-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization: e.g., curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.
It is too soon to write off the EU. It remai ns the world’s largest trading block. At it s best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 ri ch and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labo ur than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest e dges of globalization, and make capitalism benign.
36. The EU is faced with so many problems that?????????? .
[A] it has more or less lost faith in markets
[B] even its supporters begin to feel concerned
[C] some of its member countries plan to abandon euro
[D] it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation
37. The debate over the EU’s single currency is stuck because the dominant power s???????? .
[A] are competing for the leading position
[B] are busy handling their own crises
[C] fail to reach an agreement on harmonization
[D] disagree on the steps towards disintegration
38. To solve the euro problem ,Germany proposed that?????? .
[A] EU funds for poor regions be increased
[B] stricter regulations be imposed
[C] only core members be involved in economic co-ordination
[D] voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed
39. The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that __? __.［A］poor countries are more likely to get funds
［B］strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countries
［C］loans will be readily available to rich countries
［D］rich countries will basically control Eurobonds
40. Regarding the future of the EU, the author seems to feel __? __.［A］pessimistic
［B］desperate
［C］conceited
［D］hopeful
Part B
Directions:(7选5)
In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions (41-45), choos e the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. The re are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)
Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald’s, which sponsors the youth coachi ng scheme run by the Football Association. Fast-food chains should also stop offering “inducements” such as toys, cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young cust omers, Stephenson said.
Professor Dinesh Bhugra, president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said: “If child ren are taught about the impact that food has on their growth, and that some things c an harm, at least information is available up front.”
He also urged councils to i mpose “fast-food-free zones” around school and hospitals-areas within which takeaways cannot open.
A Department of Health spokesperson said: “We need to create a new vision for publ ic health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer. This includ es creating a new ‘responsibility deal’with business, built on social responsibility, not
state regulation. Later this year, we will publish a white paper setting out exactly how w e will achieve this.”
The food industry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves, es pecially the call to use some of the tough tactics that have been deployed against smoki ng over the last decade.
46．Direction：
In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese, write your translatio n on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15points)
Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volum es of greenhouse gases as the world’s airlines d o-rough 2 percent of all CO2 emission s?
Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can lea k between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2 depending on how many attempts are needed to get the “right”answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to m aintain vast data centres round the world, packed with powerful computers. While produ cing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.
However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there is muc h to be done, and not just by big companies.
Section IV Writing
Part A?
47 Directions:?
1. Suppose your cousin Li Ming has just been admitted to a university. Write him/her
a letter to
1) congratulate him/her, and
2) give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
2. write a short essay baesd on the following chart.in your writing,you should:
1)interpret the chart and
2)give your comments