三大从句：名词性从句&状语从句&定语从句

高中英语主要要掌握三大从句。

分别是：

1、名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）

2、状语从句（副词性从句，包括时间，地点，结果，目的，原因等）

3、定语从句（形容词从句）

名词性从句

1. 定义：从句在句子中充当名词。

1.分类：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句。（从句在句中充当成份）

2.连接词：

1）连词：that(无意义，不充当成份)，if/wether (无意义，是否)，as if ,as though (好像，似乎) 2）连接代词：what(充当主，宾，表，什么)，who(主宾表，指人)，whom(宾，指人)，

which(主宾表，定，哪一个)，whose(定语，谁的)

3）连接副词：when(时间状语，什么时候)，where（地点状语，什么地方），

why (原因状语，为什么)，how (方式状语，怎么样，如何)

4）复合连词：whatever（不管什么），whoever(不管是谁)，whichever（不管哪个），whomever（不管是谁），whenever（不管什么时候），wherever（不管什么地方），

however（不管怎样）

一，主语从句

1.定义：从句在句中充当主语，常位于句首或者动词be动词之前

Eg:他获得一得奖一事使他很兴奋。That(不充当成份，无意思)he got the first price excited him.

她能来我们很高兴。That she was able to come made us happy.

我们是否能准时到达那儿还不确定. Whether we can get there on time is doubtful.

我们如何处理这个问题还未作出决定。What we should do with the problem is undecided.

我们所需要的是时间。What we need is time.

对她来说，最重要的是她的家庭。What is important to her is her family.

谁去都是一样的。、Who will go makes no difference.

哪一组赢得比赛还不知道。Which team will win the game is still unknown.

她去哪了还是个迷Where she has gone is a mystery.

这个怎么发生的还不清楚。How this happened is not clear.

他们什么时候开始还不知道。When they will start is still unkown yet.

无论你说什么都会让她生气。Whatever you say will made her angry.

无论是谁，第一个来就可以获得礼物。Whoever comes first can get a present.

2.形式主语：

1).that 引导的从句做主语时候，为了避免头重教轻，常用It 做形式上的主语而将That从句放句末。That(不充当成份，无意思)he got the first price excited him. = It excited him that he got the first price. 2).常见的形式主语结构

1.It + 系动词+形容词+ That从句：

It is clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.

It is likely that there will be a snowstorm tomorrow.

2.It + 系动词+名词+ That从句：（a pity,a shame, a fact, an honour, a wonder, no wonder，good news）

It is a pity that you didn’t attend their wedding.

It is no wonder that you have achieved so much success.

3.It + 系动词+动词过去分词+ that (expected,reported,thought,decided,announced)

It is said that no passengers were injured in the accident.

It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out.

4.It + 特殊动词+ that 从句

（常用动词seem，appear显得，happen，matter，turn out，occur to sb某人突然想起）It seems to me that he objects to the plan.

It happened that I met an old friend on the street yesterday.

二，表语从句

1.定义：充当表语，位与系动词（常常是be动词）动词之后。

The fact is that we should depend on ourselves.

The question is whether we can reduce the cost of the project.

2.其它引导词：As if, as , as though

此类表语从句常跟在特殊词后面，如seem,appear,look,taste,sound,feel.

It sounds as if someone is knocking the door.

You look just as you looked 10 years ago.

3.reason 主语时候表语从句，用that 引导，不用Why.但是引导的定语从句用why

The reason is that the drive was drunk.

The reason why he didn’t pass the exam was that he was t oo careless.

4 .当主语表示“plan,advice,suggestion,order,request”等计划，命令，建议，请求时候，表语从句用should

+ do

My suggestion is that we should have a discussion about this matter instead of just laying it aside.

The doctor’s advice is that you should lie in bed for a few days.

三，同位语从句

1.定义：从句在句中充当同位语，用来解释说明某一名词内容的从句，总是跟在一个名词后面，该名词是先行词。同位语是对句中某一成份作进一步解释，说明，与前面的词在语法上处于同等地位的成份。

The news that our team has won the match is true.

The problem why the earth is bicoming warmer and warmer is still under discussion.

Word came that he has been abroad.

2.不是所有的名词的都跟同位语，只有有一定内涵内容的名词才可以跟同位语。如advice，belief，

doubt，explanation，fact，fear，feeling，hope,fact,idear,feeling，word.等。

四，宾语从句(that 常常可以省略)

1.定义：从句充当宾语，位于动词或介词之后。

He said that he couldn’t finish his work before dusk.

Do you know who is in charge of the company? I don’t know when we will meet again.

She is always thinking of how she can do more for others.

We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. (介词之后的宾语从句一般用whether，而不用if)

2.形式宾语:

1)feel , find ,think ,consider, make, believe等后有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，将That从句

置后。

I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the party.

We all find it important that we should make a quick decision about this matter.

2)有些动词后一般不直接跟宾语从句，而补充个It,这些动词有hate,like,dislike,love,take,see

to ,depend on,,rely on,enjoy,appreciate,answar for , feel like, be fond of ,count on等。

I take it that you don’t agree with me.

I will appreciate it if you can help me.

3.宾语从句的否定转移：主句动词是think，believe，imagine，suppose，consider，expect，fancy, guess

等。主语是第一人称，一般现在时，从句的否定转移到主句上来。

I don’t think they’ll stick out to the last minute.

I don’t suppose that’s his fault.

总结名词性从句连接词的选择

1.先判断从句类型，动词，be动词前面主语从句，动词介词后面宾语从句，Be后表语从句。名词后表语从句。

2.判断从句缺什么成分：从句有及物动词，缺宾语；从句空格直接跟动词缺主语。

状语从句

是一种作状语用的从句，修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词或修饰全句，补充说明时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、程度、状态等。

九种状语从句及常见的引导词

【时间状语从句】

when, while, as, before, after, since（自从…以来）, till (until), as soon as(刚一…马上就…), once(一旦), whenever等。

特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant=instantly , immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when

(1) while 引导的时间从句的谓语必须是延续性动词，常用进行时态。如果while表示“然而”的时候，就不是时间状语从句。

(2) when 除了表示“当……时”（两个短暂性动作同时发生），还可以表示“就在那时”，在前一个动作刚结束时就发生的新动作。I just locked my door when the postman arrived.

(3) as 和when一样，表示两个短暂性动作同时发生，还可表示“一边……一边……”“随着…”

放于句首时，主句必须部分倒装；若从句用一般过去式，主句要使用过去完成时。

如：No sooner had he sat down than the bell rang. Hardly had I arrived there when it began to rain. (5)before是高考常考的连接词，表示“在做成某事前，需要多久”，常用过去时和将来时中。

如：It will be 2 yearsbefore we see each other again

(6)till与until用法

until/till的意思为直到，主句的动词使用持续性动词，如果主句为将来时或祈使句，引导的从句用一般现在时，又称为“主将从现”。句型“not…until…”意为“直到……才……”。

I’ll wait here until/till the rain stops.(wait为持续性动词)

My friend Tom didn’t come back until he finished his work.

(7)not…until，强调句中，要用到It is(was) not until…that…；not until置于句首时，需要部分倒装。

Not until after the war did he return home. 直到战争结束，他才回家。

Not until I came back home did it begin to rain. 直到我回到家天才开始下雨。

= It was not until I came back home that it began to rain.

= It didn’t begin to rain until I came back home.

A. 谓语动词完全放到主语前，称为完全倒装；例如：Out rushed the boy.那男孩冲了出去。

B. 如果只是将谓语的一部分，如助动词、情态动词移到主语前，称为部分倒装。

(8)since 常用的句型是：It is (has been) + 时间since + 过去时从句。表示从过去的某时开始持续到现在的影响。如果主句用过去时，从句则一般使用过去完成时。

(9)在时间状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，那么从句需要用一般现在时（主将从现）。

I'm sure he will jump up when he knows the good news.

(9) whenever引导时间状语从句，如Give us a call whenever you need our service.

和no matter when意义一致，但no matter when只能引导让步状语从句，意为“不管什么时候”。(10) 时间状语从句也可用分词来表示。如Thinking of him, she couldn’t help weeping.

此时thinking of him= when she thought of him.

（2011·四川卷）As it reported, it is 100 years ____ Tsinghua University was founded．

A．when B．before C．after D．since

【地点状语从句】

where和wherever

(1)where引导的状语从句常放谓语动词之后，没有先行词！(有了先行词就是定语从句了，所以状语从句中的where不能和in which等互换)

(2)wherever表示“无论什么地方”，既可引导地点状语从句，也可做让步状语从句=no matter where…，引导地点状语时，它总是放主句的谓语动词后，做让步状语从句时，它总是放主句前。

Where there is a will，there is a way.

Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.

Wherever you go, you should work hard.

what I like most is that you can use English wherever you go in the world.

【原因状语从句】：

because, as, for, since, now that.

(1) 回答why的疑问句，只能用because回答；并且强调句中，对原因状语强调时，只能用because 引导，如It was because I got up late that I was late for class.

(2) as 语气比because弱

(3) since= now that，表“既然”，表明显的原因或事实，总是位于主句前。Now that具有时间概念，所引导的谓语动词多为现在时态。

(4) for引导的从句只能放在主句之后，且常常用逗号隔开。还可表示把结果为原因，倒果为因的用法。

It is morning now, for the birds are singing．

It must have rained last night for the ground is wet this morning.（两句中for都表结果，倒果为因）

特殊引导词：seeing that, considering that, given that

(1)considering that = seeing that 意为“既然；”“考虑到”，

considering that I can't afford another test fee, I must pass it this time.

(2)所有引导原因状语的单词，都不能和so连用。

（2010辽宁）The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair _______ he wanted to sit next to his wife. A．although B．unless C．because D．if

【目的状语从句】

so that（以便）, in order that（以便），lest, in case, for fear that…,

in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that等。

(1)lest, in case, for fear that…意为“以防万一”，引导的目的状语从句经常要使用虚拟语气；

(2)so that从句常放主句后，in order that…放在主句前或后都可以。

(3)so that 既可做目的状语从句，也可作结果状语从句。关键看是否有情态动词。

1.当从句谓语动词有情态动词时，为目的状语从句

Just tell me what subject you’d like me to talk on so that I could get some notes ready.

2.若从句谓语不用情态动词，而多用过去时，则该句是结果状语从句。

I took an early bus so that I got there in time.

We cleaned off the fallen leaves, so that the garden looked tidier.

（2011·山东卷）28．He had his camera ready ____ he saw something that would make a good picture．A．even if B．if only C．in case D．so that

【结果状语从句】

so that, so…that, such…that

(1)so that 做目的状语从句和结果状语从句的区别，上面已经讲到了。

(2)so + 形容词(副词) + that….; such + (形容词)+ 名词+that;

(3)so…that或such…that置于句首时，则要部分倒装。

He got up so early that he caught the first bus.

It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.

Such a cold day was that Sunday that we had to stay at home.

So much did they eat that they could not move for the next hour.

【条件状语从句】

if, unless, if only, as(so) long as, supposing that, providing that, on condition that, given that

(1)unless意为“除非，如果不”=if not

(2)if only必须用虚拟语气。

(3)as (so) long as 意为“只要”，没区别，但除非表示“与……一样长”的时候，这时so long as则常用于否定句。

(4)supposing that = suppose that 表假设

(5)providing that= provided that,意为“如果，只要”。

(6)on condition that…表示“以…为条件”。

(7)given that…意为“倘若考虑到…”。

(8)if条件句有时可以用祈使句或分词来替换，

Think hard, you’ll come up with a good idea. Not giving up, you will be able to succeed.

(9)条件状语从句的主句是将来时的时候，从句一般使用一般现在时。（主将从现）

（2010上海）our manage objects to Tom's joining the club, we shall accept him as a member.

A. Until

B. Unless

C. If

D. After

【方式状语从句】

as, as if/though, the way…。

(1)as if = as though, “好像，仿佛”，用法相同，从句可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气(非真实假设)。

(2)as 意为“像……，犹如……，正如……”。

(3)the way意为“……的样子”，相当于“the way (that/ in which)…”引导的定语从句。

When in Rome, do as the Roman do.

She behaved as if she were the boss.

Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us

Jack wasn’t saying anything but the teacher smiled at him ____ he had done something very clever．

A. as if

B. in case

C. while

D. Though

【比较状语从句】

这个状语从句和形容词、副词的比较级关系很大，常见的关系词有：as…as, not so/as …as, than等引导。在这种状语从句中如果谓语动词与主句一致时，或省略，或用替代词do, does, did 特殊引导词：the more … the more …，no more than

She is as bad-tempered as her mother. She is not as/so bad-tempered as her mother.

The house is three times as big as ours.

The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.

The harder you study, the better grade you will get.

He runs faster than the other students do in his class.

For thirty years, he had done no more than he needed to.

表示倍数的表示法：

(1)A is twice/ three times… bigger/ longer….than B;

(2)A is twice/ three times as big/ long…as B

(3)A is twice/ three times the size/ length/ height/ age of B.

请同学们写：我的年龄可是你的两倍哦。

(1)

(2)

(3)

（2010全国Ⅰ）I have seldom seen my mother _______ pleased with my progress as she is now .

A. so

B. very

C. too

D. rather

【让步状语从句】

though, although, even if, even though, despite the fact that, whoever, whatever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however, no matter who/what/which/when/where/how, whether

(1) as用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装，常倒装表语，副词，名词，形容词和动词。如果表语是名词，倒装时不能加任何冠词，如

Teacher as he is, he can’t instruct his own child well.

Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.

Brave as he was,he couldn't finish this difficult task.

Much as I like you,I don't love you.

(2)while= although，从句只能用在句首，而且不能倒装。

(3)even if = even though，意为“即使”。

The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.

(4)although引导的让步状语从句常放句首，不能倒装。

(5)though 引导的让步状语从句可倒装，也可以不倒装，句前句后都可以。

(6)despi te the fact that…= in spite of the fact that…意为“不管……”。

(7) whether…or not意为“无论（是否）”Whether you believe it or not, it is true.

(8) however+形容词/副词= no matter how+形容词/ 副词….意为“无论多么……”，

No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.

(9)wh—ever等一系列连词，都可以等于no matter wh--，但是wh—ever既可引导让步状语从句，也可引导名词性从句。而no matter wh—只能引导让步状语从句，绝不能引导名词性从句。

No matter what happened, he would not mind.=Whatever happened, he would not mind.

再如：（错）No matter what you say is of no use now.

（对）Whatever you say is of no use now. (Whatever you say是主语从句) ；

再看：（错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they're given,

（对）Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given.

(10)让步状语从句都不能和but连用，但有时可与yet连用。

regular exercise is very important．It’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime．A．It B．As C．Although D．Unless

【状语从句·高考真题练习】

1.Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or _____ it is convenient to you．

A．whenever B．however C．whichever D．wherever

2.（2011·全国新课标卷）Tryshe might, Sue couldn’t get the door open．

A．if B．when C．since D．as

3. （2011·山东卷）He had his camera ready ______he saw something that would make a good picture．A．even if B．if only C．in case D．so that

4.（2011·福建卷）It was April 29,2011 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony．

A．that B．when C．since D．before

5.The girl had hardly rung the bellthe door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.

A.before

B. until

C. as

D. since

6.To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off we are to shake hands with．A．whichever B．whenever C．whoever D．Wherever

7.The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities, __they have the interest.

A. wherever

B. whenever

C. even if

D. as if

8. Just use this room for the time being, and we’ll offer you a larger one _______it becomes available

A. as soon as

B. unless

C. as far as

D. until

9.— Our holiday cost a lot of money. —Did it? Well, that doesn’t matter___ you enjoyed yourselves.

A.as long as

B. unless

C. as soon as

D. though

10.（10全国Ⅰ）Mary made coffee ________ her guests were finishing their meal .

A.so that

B. although

C. while

D. as if

11.The little boy won’t go to sleep ______ his mother tells him a story.

A.or

B. unless

C. but

D. whether

12.（10辽宁）The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair ____ he wanted to sit next to his wife.

A．although B．unless C．because D．if

13.—It’s no use having ideas only . —Don’t worry. Peter can show you ____to turn an idea into an act.

A.how

B. who

C. what

D. where

14.（10北京）they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures.

A. As

B. While

C. Until

D. Once

15.regular exercise is very important．It’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime．

A．It B．As C．Although D．Unless

16.Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or ____ it is convenient to you．

A．whenever B．however C．whichever D．wherever

17.（2011·四川卷）Frank insisted that he was not asleep I had great difficulty in waking him up．

A．whether B．although C．for D．so

18.（2011·北京卷）volleyball is her main focus, she’s also great at basketball．

A．Since B．Once C．Unless D．While

19.（2011·四川卷）As it reported, it is 100 years _______ Tsinghua University was founded．

A．when B．before C．after D．since

20.（2011·全国II）It was a nice meal,______ a little expensive．

A．though B．whether C．as D．since

21.（2011·陕西卷）________all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post.

A．Since B．While C．If D．As

22.（2011·辽宁卷）He had no sooner finished his speechthe students started cheering．

A. since

B. as

C. when

D. than

定语从句（Attributive Clauses）

在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。

关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。

关系词的作用：

1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；

2)必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）

The student who answered the question was John.

I know the reason why he was so angry.

The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother.

I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.

1、关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中与主词保持一致。

（1）who, whom, that 这些词代替指人，“whom”作宾语指人，“that”既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略），可以指人也可以指物。

（2）which 用来指人或物(用作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略）

（3）whose 表示谁（可以为人也可以为物）的（东西）

2、关系副词引导的定语从句

（1）关系副词why主要用于修饰表示原因的名词（主要是the reason），同时它在定语从句中用作原因状语。

（2）关系副词when主要用于修饰表示时间的名词，同时它在定语从句中用作时间状语。

（3）关系副词where主要用于修饰表示地点的名词，同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语。

3、非限制性定语从句

它起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开。

关系代词引导的定语从句：

●that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。

(指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which)

(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语，that在从句中做宾语的时候可省略)

1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. (主语)

2.Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?

3. You can take anything ( that) you like. （宾语）

4. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?

5. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.

6. She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.（表语）

7. Our hometown is no longer the one (that) it used to be. = Our hometown is not the same as it used to be.

= Our hometown is different from what it used to be。= Our hometown is not what it used to be.

●which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。

1.The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主语）

2.The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.（宾语）

3.The factory in which his father works is far from here.

4.He was proud, which his brother never was. （表语）

5.Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French.（定语）

6.He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.

●who, whom, whose:

who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，在口语或非正式用法中作宾语; 只可指人

whom: 宾格，在从句中作宾语; 只可指人

whose: 属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。

I like the students who/that work hard.（主语）

All who heard the story were amazed. (代词如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.)

Chaplin, for whom life had once been very hard, was a success as an actor. （宾语）

He's a man from whom we should learn. = He's a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from.

比较：He is the student whom/who you think to be worthy of your praise. （宾语）He is the student who you think is worth praising.（宾语）

A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan（孤儿）.（定语，指人）

I'd like a room whose window faces south. （定语，指物）

=I'd like a room of which the window faces south. =I'd like a room the window of which faces south.

There is a teapot shaped like a Chinese duck, out of whose mouth tea is supposed to come.（定语，指物）关系代词作介词宾语:

关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较

为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。关系代词who 和that 用作介词宾语时, 介

词必须放在句末.）

This is the book for which you asked. =This is the book (that/which) you asked for.

Do you know the person with whom I shook hands？

= Do you know the person (whom/who/that) I shook hands with?

The beginning of agriculture was a big step in human progress with which nothing could compare until our information age.

In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.

Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week?

Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week?

This is the girl whom/who/that they are looking after. (介词after与look构成固定词组，不可前置。look at, look for, look after, take care of等)

:(as 引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)

①如为限制性的，多用于the same …as,,；the same as；such …as …; as many/much as；so …as等结构中。

I have the same book as you (have). 我有一本和你的一样的书。

Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been. (关系代词as和指示代词same连用, 在从句中用作表语, 先行词是same.)

---Why didn't you mention that in face of the police just now?

--- I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning.

We will only discuss such problems as have something to do with our own interests.

Don't do such things as you are not sure about.

There is no such place as you dream of in all this world.

比较：I live in the same house that he used to live in.

I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.

比较：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （定语从句）

Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（结果状语从句）

②如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为"正如，这一点"。（动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.）

As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health . (as 作宾语)

=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health . （as 作主语）

=It's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health .

=Smoking is harmful to one's health , as we all know .（as 作宾语）

=Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health.

He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. (宾语, 先行词是前面整个句子)

关系副词引导的定语从句:

●When

指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词（如：time, day, week, tear, month, etc.）He came last night when I was out.

We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be better.

注意：先行词为"时间名词"，可用when引导定语从句，when在定语从句中作状语；还可以用which 或that 引导，which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。

比较: I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.（when作状语/which作宾语）Next month, when you will be in your hometown, is just around the corner. （作状语）

I still remember the days which/that we spent together. （作宾语）

Next winter which/that you'll spend in Harbin, I'm sure, will be exciting. （作宾语）

I shall never forget the day when Shen Zhou Ⅴ was launched, which has a great effect on my life.

There are occasions when joking is not permissible.

●Where

指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词，如：place, school, factory, room, etc.

This is the place where I was born.

I live in the room where /in which he used to live.

注意：先行词是"地点名词"，定语从句可用where引导，where在定语从句中作状语，还可用which 或that引导，which/that 在从句中作主语或宾语。

This is the factory where /in which he worked last year. （where作状语/which作宾语）

The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point where he can walk correctly and safely.

I think you have got to the point where a change is needed, or you would fail.

Government reports, legal papers and most business letters are the main situations where English is used.

He's got himself into a dangerous situationwhere he's likely to lose control of the plane.

The small mountain village where we spent our holiday last month lies in what /the place which is now part of Hubei.

This is the park which/that they visited last year.

Not having been there before, he simply had no idea about the place, which everyone says is worth visiting.

●Why

指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。先行词为reason 时，可用for which替代；当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that引导。

The reason why / for which he didn't attend the meeting was that he was ill.

I don't believe the reason (that/which) he gave me. （作宾语）

Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success? （作主语）

He was late .That's because he got up late.

He got up late. That's why he was late.(表语从句)

(the reason) why/for which he was late. (定语从句)

当先行词为way时，定语从句常用that, in which,或how引导，that常可以省略。way后的定语从句的引导词不用时较多。但如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that引导。

This is the way (that) /in which I do such things.

比较: Please do the experiment in the way （that/which）I have shown you.

●that & which

在定语从句中，which 和that 在指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况下都是这样，一、定语从句中宜用that, 而不宜用which的情况.

①先行词为不定代词,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等,

1.We should do all that is useful to the people .

2.There's nothing that can be said about it .

3.Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?

②先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等词修饰时。

The only thing that we could do was to wait.

That's the very word that is wrongly used.

The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works.

You can take any (=whichever) seat that is free.

I hope the little that I can will be of some help to them.

比较

*This is one of the best novels that were published last year.

*This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.

③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。

When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.

This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.

④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。

1.This is the best that can be done now.

2.The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.

⑤先行词既有人又有物，用which和who都不适合，这时宜用that.

The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known .

The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.

⑥被修饰词为数词时.

Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .

Now you can see the two that are still alive .

⑦如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个宜用that，避免语言单调或重复。

Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.

⑧疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that，以避免重复。

Which is the book that you like best? Who is the man that is standing at the gate?

⑨主句是There be 结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词.

There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.

⑩被修饰成分为表语时，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that .

That's a good book that will help you a lot.

My home village is no longer the place ( that ) it used to be .

二、定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that的情况:

①当关系代词的前面有介词时.

A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.

Is this the room in which Mr. White lives?

②在非限制性定语从句中.

Crusoe's dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .

More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country.

③在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词已经用了that, 另一个宜用which .

Let me show you the novel，that I borrowed from the library and which was newly open to us.

At the station I bought some magazines that might help me to pass the time on the train and which I could pass on to others when I finished them.

④当关系代词后面带有插入语时.

Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.

⑤先行词本身是that, 宜用which .

What's that which she is looking at?

⑥先行词是those+复数名词.

A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.

who & that

定语从句中宜用who, 而不宜用th at的情况

①先行词为anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people时.

The person I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works well.

Anyone who (=Whoever) failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason .

Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once

I don't like the ones (= those ) who talk big.

Persons who are quarrelsome are despised.

②在There be结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who 指代人.

There is a gentleman who wants to see you .

There are several students in our class who are still not sure about the use of attributive clauses.

③当先行词有较长的后置定语时.

I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.

④句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that ,另一个宜用who, 以免重复.

The student that was praised at yesterday's meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard .

●as & which

as & which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别：

①位置的不同：

which 引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后；as 位置较灵活，也就是说as可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。

如：He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.

Jack, as you know, is an honest man.

或Jack is an honest man , as you know.

或As you know, Jack is an honest man.

②先行词的不同：

as引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子；

which引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一个句子。

He was proud, which his brother never was. （先行词是一个词）

She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.

He was proud, which I dislike very much.（先行词是一个句子）

He is an honest man, as is known to all.

He was a foreigner, as I know from his accent.

③as 一般译为"正如""就像"，"这一点" as we all know；as you know; as is known to all; as you see; as

we can see; as has been expected; as we have imagined.

训练题汇总

◆EX1. 用定语从句完成下列句子。

1．This is the most beautiful forest(我所见过的).

2．Dou Po Tang(陡坡塘) Waterfall,(位于贵州省的), is 105 meters wide and 21 meters high.

◆EX2用适当的关系词填空.

1.I will never forget the dayI first went to school.

I will never forget the day __________ we spent in Beijing.

2.The house __________ we visited is being repaired now.

The house ______ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.

◆Ex3选择适当的代词填空，注意非限制性定语从句和单句的比较。

1.I am reading Harry Porter, _____is an interesting book.

2.He failed in the exam._______ made his parents angry.

3.He failed in the exam, _______made his parents angry.

4.He has two sons. Both of ________ are teachers.

5.He has two sons, both of ________ are teachers.

◆EX4 思考:用五种方式（定语从句）翻译句子

这是他工作的工厂。

1. This is the factoryhe works.

2.This is the factoryhe works.

3. This is the factoryhe works in.

4. This is the factoryhe works in.

5. This is the factoryhe works in.

◆EX5 思考:

介词+关系代词的情况

（1）The man whom you spokewas a scientist.

The cityshe lives in is far away. 介词+关系代词的情况

（2）Are these two sentences right?

The man who/whom you spoke to was a scientist. The city that/which she lives in is far away.

介词+关系代词的情况

（3）Are these two sentences right?

The man to who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city in that/which she lives is far away.

介词+关系代词的情况

( 4) 下面两句中的介词能提前吗?

Is this the watch that you are looking for?

The old man whom I am looking after is better .

Sum up:介词+关系代词

介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句, 关键是判断介词的选择.

方法一:根据从句中动词与先行词习惯搭配

方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系

注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。此时关系代词只能用which 或whom; 不可用that 或who 代替。

◆Ex6: 介词+关系代词的使用

1.Do you like the bookshe spent $10?

2.Do you like the bookshe paid $10?

3.Do you like the bookshe learned a lot?

4.Do you like the bookshe often talks?

5.He dug a holehe could got water from the lake.

6.There is a tall tree outside,stands our teacher.

7.China has a lot of rivers, the second longest ___________is the Yellow River.

8.The man ____________ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at swimming.

9.He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most __________ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.

◆EX 7 Practice

A letter to Tom 我收到了你上周的来信.谢谢你寄的照片.我常常想起我们一起度过的时光.你还记得那个湖吗?我们在那还照过一张相呢.和我们一起玩的那些朋友还好吗?我昨晚做了梦，在梦里我们在上次去的那家电影院呢．另外,我买到了你要的那本英语书.周末有时间我将把书寄给你．

Dear Tom,

I have received the letter you posted last week. Thanks for the photos you sent. I often think of the time we spent together. Do you still remember the lake where we had a picture taken? How are the children who played with us? I had a dream in which / where we were staying in the cinema which/that we went to last time. Besides, I have bought the book (that/which) you need . On the weekend when I am free, I will post it to you.

Best wishes,

如何区分定语从句、宾语从句和状语从句

如何区分定语从句、宾语从句和状语从句？（附习题）| 虫虫讲英语 2018-12-02 14:52 「虫虫讲英语」老少咸宜的英语学习号——有时候，语法换一种方式讲，就听懂了。 如何区分定语从句、宾语从句和状语从句，是学生最常问我的问题之一。今天，我们通过青铜、白银、黄金、王者四级难度的例句，一起研究下怎样一眼辨别英语3大从句。 01 概念 3大从句的区别均在于前面两个字：定语、宾语和状语： 知道了这几个概念，这三种从句就很好理解了： >> 定语从句：作定语的从句，做adj.修饰先行词；

在这里，dog “狗子” 是先行词，即“走在定语从句前面的名词”；定语从句 that shits a lot 其中的 that，指 代了前面的 dog，告诉我们这是一条怎样的狗子：拉很多的狗子。 >> 宾语从句：作宾语的从句，放在动词或介词后面； 第一句，宾语从句为普通的陈述句，放在 think 这个动作后面，由连接词 that 引导。 第二句，宾语从句已经改成陈述句语序，原来人讲的话则是一般疑问句Do you let it go “你丫放不放手” ？该从句放在 depend on 的介词 on 后面，一般疑问句由 whether/ if 引导。 >> 状语从句：作状语的从句，给主句增加信息量。 状语从句，是3大从句中比较好记的一种：有个完整的主句，从句是提供更多信息的，比如上述例句告诉我们他为什么养狗。只要熟悉九大状语从句的引导词（← 戳可查看），几乎一眼就能辨别出状语从句。 02 当堂练习 现在，我们一起看几个句子找找感觉。请判断下列句子是定语从句，宾语从句还是状语从句？ >> 青铜 1. If it is fine tomorrow, I will visit you. 2. I helped an old man who lost his way.

名词性从句测试题及答案经典

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阶段测试一 1、She tried hard ___________ she failed. 2、Be quick, _________he’ll be angry. 3、You may _________ do it yourself _______ leave it to me. 4、He could read English ________Japanese well. 5、He didn’t know anything about that ________ he couldn’t tell you. 6、________ you ________ he was here yesterday. They were at the cinema. 7、You can _______eat it at home ________ in the open air. Either is OK. 8、Use your head, _______ you’ll have a way. 9、She’s _______ our teacher _______ our friend. 10、Write to me soon, _______I’ll know a lot about you. 单项选择 1. I asked him _________dog it was. A. whose B. which C. who's D. where 2. They go to concerts of modem music_________ they really like it. A. because B. if C. though D. after 3. Find out_________ they are going this evening and ask_________ may join them. A. whether, that B. where, whether

高中名词性从句教案

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1、主语从句： 2、宾语从句：

3、表语从句：

4、同位语从句： 名词性从句包括四种从句即主语从句、表词从句、宾语从句和同位词从句。名词性从句的特点：that 、who、whom、what 、whether及when、where引导名词性从句时必须是陈述句词序： 1、主词从句： That light travels in straight line is known to all . (That 引导主语从句不可省） When the plan is to take off hasn’t been announced ． 主语从句通常以it 做形主语出现

It was my fault that I had him play football all afternoon. It is important that we should go to the school to talk with the teacher. 2、表语从句，即名词性从句放在表语位置就是表语从句，需要注意的，主语 是reason时，表语要用that引导而不是because． The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning . 3、宾语从句that 常可以省略，并且注意时态呼应，当主句为过去时时，从句 时态一定往前推移，不可出现现在时或现在完成时。 The teacher told us that Tomo had left us for America． 4、同位语从句注意与定语从句区别，同位语从句对前一名词做补充说明，在 从句中无语法位置，而定语从句所修饰词在从句中占一语法位置如： The idea that one can do the work without thinking is wrong．( 同位idea在从句中 无位置，而从句只是具体说明idea的内容）。 The idea that you put forward at the meeting is wrong ．(定语从句，idea做put forward 的宾语)。 【专项训练】 1．I wonder how much ． A．cost these shoes B．do these shoes cost C．these shoes cost D．are these shoes cost 2．Nobody knew ． A．where he comes B．where he was from C．where he is from D．where does he come from 3．Excuse me ,would you please tell me ． A．when the sports meet will be taken place ． B．when was the sports meet going to be held． C．when is the sports meet to begin ． D．when the sports meet is to take place ． 4．Computers can only give out has been stored in them . A．that B．which C．what D．anything 5．She wanted to know ．

名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句1

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