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初一升初二语法小结[1]

初一升初二语法小结[1]
初一升初二语法小结[1]

名词的数:表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。

1、可数名词有单、复数两种形式:可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加―a或an‖;复数形式是在名词后加―-s或-es‖。名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种,规则变化及其读音可依照下表:

当名词为:词尾变化读音例词

一般情况加s 在清辅音后读/s/ chips, jeeps, pats , clocks

在浊辅音或元音后读/z/ boys, sharpeners, sofas, drawers

以s,x,ch,sh结尾的单词加es /iz/ watches, boxes, classes, brushes

以字母o结尾的单词加s或es /z/ zoos, photos, bamboos,

tomatoes, potatoes, heroes,

以辅音字母+y结尾的单词去y 变i加es /z/ dictionaries, strawberries,

以f 或fe结尾的单词去f或fe 变v 加es /vz/ leaves, wives, halves

以th结尾的词加s /ez/; /θz/ mouths, paths; months, deaths

2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化

①改变单数名词中的元音字母

eg. man--men, woman—women, tooth—teeth, foot—feet, goose—geese, mouse--mice

②单复数同形eg. Chinese-Chinese, deer-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep,…

③由man 和woman构成的合成词, 每个名词都要变复数

eg. a man doctor— men doctors, a woman teacher--women teachers

注意: 有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分,在使用时只有复数形式eg. trousers, clothes, glasses, shorts, scissors, etc;有些名词从形式上看是复数,

实际上是单数(其后的谓语动词要用单数). eg. maths, phyiscs, politics, news

3. 不可数名词:表示不能计算数目的人或物,称为不可数名词。他们前面不能用a/an,没有复数形式。物质名词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词。不可数名词一般只有单数形式, 但有其特殊用法:

同一个词,变成复数形式, 意义不同。eg. food 食物--- foods 各种食物,

time 时间--- times 时代,green 绿色---greens 青菜

有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物

eg. hope ---hopes 希望hardship --- hardships 艰苦

物质名词在表示数量时,常用某个量词+of来表示

eg. a cup of tea, seven pieces of bread, several bags of rice, …

三、名词的所有格

名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系,有两种表示形式, 一种是在名词后+’s;另一种是用of, 表示―……的‖。

1. (1) 一般词的所有格, 直接在词尾+’s。eg. Mr. Mott’s robot, children’s clothes

(2) 以s结尾的名词所有格只在词尾+’eg. teachers’ books

(3) 两人共有的物体, 则在第二个名词后+’s; 如果分别是两人所有, 则在每个名词后面

+’s。eg. Lucy and Lily’s room. (指两人共住一个房间)

Mrs. Green’s and Mrs. Brown’s son. (指两人各自的儿子)

(4) 表示某具体场所时, 所有格后面的名词可省略

eg. the doctor’s (office)Mr. White’s

2.(1) 没有生命的事物一般用of 短语来表示所属关系。

eg. the wall of the classroom,a picture of the bedroom,

(2) 名词的的定语较长时,有生命的事物也可用of短语表示。

eg. a long story of a 50-year-old man

双重所有格eg. a friend of his, the big nose of Tom’s

有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词,也可以加’s来构成所有格。eg. ten minutes’ walk, today’s newspaper

例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松!

1. They got much _____ from those new books.

A. ideas

B. photos

C. news

D. stories

解析: much 是用来修饰不可数名词的, A B D三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式, C项为不可数名词, 因此选C.

2. I have two _______ and three bottles of _________ here.

A. orange, orange

B. oranges, oranges

C. oranges, orange

D. orange, oranges

解析: orange 有两种含义, 一种可数名词橘子, 另一种是不可数名词橘汁, 此题第一空应填可数名词, 第二空填不可数名词, 因此选C。

3. Every evening M r. King takes a _________ to his home .

A. 25 minutes’ walk

B. 25 minute’s walk

C. 25 minute walk

D. 25 minutes walk

解析: 句中的minute应该用其复数的所有格形式,只+’,而不能+s,因此选A。

4. An old _______ wants to see you.

A. people

B. person

C. the people

D. the person

解析: person 与people 都有‖人‖ 的意思, 但用法不同. ―一个人‖用―a person‖,

―两个人‖ 用―two persons‖; people 泛指―人们‖是集合名词,表示复数, the people 指―人民‖,

a people 指―一个民族‖. 应选B。

5. Help yourself to __________.

A. chickens and apples

B. chickens and apple

C. chicken and apple

D. chicken and apples

解析: chicken 可用作可数名词指小鸡,用作不可数名词指鸡肉,根据词题意应理解为鸡

肉;apple为可数名词, 故应+s, 因此选D。

6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _________.

A. room’s number

B. rooms’ number

C. room numbers

D. rooms’ numbers

解析: room number 房间号码. room可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词. 类似的还有my phsics teacher, two bus drivers 等. 应选C。

7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _________.

A. family

B. house

C. home

D. room

解析: family指的是家庭或是家庭成员; house指的是房子(住所); room 指的是房间;而home 指的是家, 因此选C.

8. ________ mothers couldn’t go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai .

A. Mary and Peter’s

B. Mary and Peter

C. Mary’s and Peter

D. Mary’s and Peter’s

解析: 此句中―mothers‖是复数,表示两个人各自的母亲,因此应选D。

9. Li Lei has been to __________ many times this month.

A. her uncle

B. her uncle’s

C. her uncles

D. aunt’s

解析: 此句意为―李雷这个去她舅舅家多次‖. 表示具体场所时, 可省去所有格后面的名词. 因此选B。

10. He is a success as a leader but he hasn’t ________ in teaching.

A. many experiences

B. much experience

C. an experience

D. a lot experience

解析: experience 作―经验‖ 讲时是不可数名词, 作―经历‖讲时是可数名词. 本句中应理解为―经验‖,因此是不可数名词,排除A C. 又因 a lot of , lots of, plenty of 只用于肯定句, 不用于否定句, 因此选B。

11. A classmate of _________ was here ten minutes ago.

A. you

B. your

C. your sister

D. your sister’s

解析: 此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选D。

12. A group of _________ are talking with two ___________.

A. Frenchmen, Germans

B. Germans ,Frenchmans

C. Frenchmans , Germen

D. Germen , Frenchmen

解析: Frenchman 是复合词,其复数形式为Frenchmen; German 的复数为直接在单词末尾+S, 应选A.

13.The team ________ having a meeting .

A. is

B. are

C. am

D. be

解析: team 是一个集合名词,即可表示复数意义(指整个小组) , 也可指小组中的成员(表示复数), 此题意为后者, 因此选B。

14. ―Would you like _________?‖―________, please.‖

A. drink, Three coffees

B. a cup of drink, Coffees

C. a drink, A coffee

D. a drink, Three cups of coffees

解析: drink 和coffee是不可数名词, 可以用…of来表示数量, eg, three cups of coffee,

当前面加a 时,则表示―一杯‖.因此选C。

15. The Great Wall was made not only by _______, but also the flesh and blood of ________ men.

A.earth and stone, millions of

B. earths and stones, millions

C. the earth and stone, million of

D. the earths and stones, millions

解析:earth 是不可数名词,因此删除B D,数以百万的应为millions of .

因此选A。

练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩!

选择最佳答案:

1.Last night, there was a food accident. The _______ were ill, but no _______ were lost. A.

child, lives B. children, life C. children, lives D. child, life

2. ---This is a photo of _________ when they were young.

---OK, how happy they both looked!

A. my father and mother

B. my mother and father's

C. my mother's and father's

D.my father's and my mother

3. The new student is in __________ , Grade Two.

A. Class Third

B. Third Class

C. Class Three

D. Three class

4. Today is September 10th. It's __________ Day. Let's go and buy some flowers for our teachers. A. Teachers B. Teachers' C. the Teachers' D. Teacher's

5. The market isn't far from here. It's only _________ bicycle ride.

A.half an hours'

B. half an hour's

C. half an hour

D. an hour and a half

6. --- What would you like to drink, girls?

--- _________, please.

A.Two cup of coffee

B. Two cups of coffe

C. Two cups of coffee

D. Two cups of coffees

7. During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for _________.

A. fun

B. wishes

C. interest

D. thanks

8. Some _________ are flying kites near the river.

A. child

B. boy

C. boys

D. childs

9. After the exam, we'll have________ holiday.

A. two weeks

B. two-weeks

C. two weeks'

D. two week's

10. They are those _________ bags.Please put them on the bus.

A. visitor

B. visitors

C. visitor's

D. visitors'

11.--- How many workers are there in your factory?

--- There are two ___________.

A. hundreds

B. hundred

C. hundred of

D. hundreds of

12. ---What do you think of the _______ the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven?

--- It sounds really wonderful.

A. subject

B. music

C. book

D. animal

13. There is not enough _________ in the corner for the fridge.

A. place

B. room

C. field

D. ground

14. _________ comes from sheep and some people like eating it

A. Wool

B. Pork

C. Mutton

D. Milk

15. If you don't take more ________, you'll get fat.

A. medicine

B. lessons

C. photos

D. exercise

16. My school is about twenty ________ walk from here.

A. minute

B. minutes'

C. minutes's

D. minutes

17. Mum, I have _______ to tell you!

A. a good news

B. some good news

C. some good newes

D. much good news

18. Which is the ________ to the post office?

A. street

B. way

C. road

D. address

19. I stayed at ________ last Sunday.

A. my uncles

B. my uncles'

C. my uncle's

D. my uncle's family

20. Maths ________ not easy to learn.

A. are

B. is

C. am

D. were

1-5 CBCBB 6-10 CACCD 11-15 ABBCD 16-20 BBBCB

代词的用法

人称代词:人称代词是指人的代词,有性、数、格的区别。表示―我‖ ―你‖ ―他‖ ―我们‖ ―你们‖ ―他们‖。请看下表:

数格

人称单数复数

主格宾格主格宾格

第一人称 we me we us

第二人称 you you you you

第三人称 he him they them

she her

it it

人称代词主格在句中作主语。例如:She is my English teacher.

宾格在句中作宾语。例如:They don’t want me to go there alone.

Don’t worry. I can look after her.

宾格还可以作宾格。特别是在口语中。例如:--- Who’s that?--- It’s me.

注意:①人称代词we, you, they 可以用来表示一般人。例如:

You cannot go into the hall with slippers. 不准穿拖鞋进入大厅。

②人称代的主格作表语,一般都在正中的谈话中,表示强调。例如:

It was he who took away the necklace. 是他拿走了那条项链。

③人称代词she可以用指代祖国、大地、月亮、轮船等。例如:The ship is leaving. She’s on her first trip to Boston. 轮船要起航了。这时她第一次去波士顿。

We love our country, we hope she’ll be stronger and stronger. 我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她越来越强大。

④It作为人称代词时,可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等。例如:

It is about 10 kilometres from here. 离这儿大约有10公里。

⑤It 还可用作形式主语或形式宾语,来代替由不定式,动词的-ing,形式或主语从句构成的真正的主语或宾语,以避免句子头重脚轻。例如:

It is not easy to learn English well.

It is good for you taking a walk after supper.

I found it difficult to sleep.

⑥英语里当主语是并列的几个人时,人称代词的排列顺序和汉语不同,I 在最后,you 在最前;但是,当受到批评或时承认错误时正好相反,I 在最前,you在最后。例如:You, he and I are all the winners.

I, Li lei and you are wrong. We should do more for the project.

2.物主代词:表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词包括名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词。

词义类型我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他/她/它们的

形容词性物主代词 my your his her its our your their

名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs

形容词性物主代词在句中具有形容词的特征。在句中作定语,后面跟名词。例如:

To our surprise, he has passed the exam.

(2) 名词性的物主代词具有名词的特征,在句中作主

4. The car ____and stopped at the red traffic light.

A. got on

B. got off

C. slowed down

D. picked up

5. Tom ____ the CD player for two weeks.

A. has lent

B. has borrowed

C. has bought

D. has had

6. ---Do you know ______?

---Sorry, but if he _____ back, I ____ you know as soon as possible. A. when will he be back, comes, will let B. when he will be back, will come, will let C. what time will he be back, will come, let D. what time he will be back, comes, will let

7. We ____ to the park if it is fine tomorrow.

A. will go

B. have gone

C. go

8. A new shoe factory will ______ in this part of the city.

A. be building

B. be built

C. build

9. ---______ all your things, Tom! I hate them here and there.

---Ok, Mom.

A. Put up

B. Put on

C. Put down

D. Put away

10. --- How about going hiking this weekend?

--- Sorry, I prefer ____ rather than _____.

A. to stay at home, go out

B. to go out, stay at home

C. staying at home, go out

D. going out, stay at home

解析: 1.根据问句的时态现在进行时,答句时态要一致,故选答案: A

2.根据句中的谓语动词ask的固定搭配ask sb to do sth. 故答案:D

3.根据第一句的固定动词词组catch up with sb 及第二句的过去时态,故选答案: B

4.此题主要考查四个动词词组的掌握.根据后半句在红灯时停下来,故选答案: C

5.此题主要考查现在完成时的延续和非延续动词,根据for two weeks 时间短语。故选答案: C

6.此题主要考查宾语丛句和状语丛句的习惯用法。第一句是特殊疑问句的宾语丛句,要用陈述句语序。第二句是if 条件句。丛句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时。故选答案:B

7.此题考查if 条件句的主句时态,要用一般将来时,故选答案;A

8.此题考查语态。根据全句的意思,使用被动语态。故选答案:B

9.此题考查四个动词词组put up ,张贴,举起; put on 穿上,上演;put away 把---收拾好。

根据后半句―我讨厌到处乱放‖,故选答案: D

10.此题主要考查一个固定词组:prefer to do sth rather than do sth. 故选答案:C.

练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩!

一、选择最佳答案填空(动词及搭配):

1. A policeman saw two thieves ______a girl’s mobile phone on the bus and hecaught them at once. A. to steal B. stealing C. stole D. stolen

2. The Chinese pingpong players will join in the match.Let’s ______them success.

wish B.to wish C.hope D.to hope

3. He is so careless that he always ______his school things at home.

forgets B.forgot C.leaves D.left

4. ----Who ______the computer? I want to use it.

----Timmy. He ______ it for a week.

borrowed, has borrowed B.has borrowed, bought

C.has borrowed, has kept

D.bought, has borrowed

5. Look! One of the girls ______the door.

cleans B.is cleaning C.clean D.are cleaning

6. If you don’t feel well, you may just ______.

stopped reading B.stop reading C.stopped to read D.stop to read

7. ----Where can we get a baseball?

----Let’s ______.

A. lend Jim one

B.lend one to Jim

C.borrow one from Jim

D.borrow one of Jim

8. ----My model ship doesn’t work.

----Don’t worry. I’ll have it ______this afternoon.

A. repairing

B.made

C.repaired

D.mend

9. You ______wash your hands before meals.

A. need

B.must

C.can

D.may

10. Will you ______the light? It’s dark in the room.

get on B.get off C.trun on D.turn off

11. My name is Zhang Mingjian. You may ______me Zhang Mingjian or Mr Zhang.

A. ask

B.say

C.tell

D.call

12. There is going to ______a game in our school this afternoon.

has B.have C.be D.are

13. You’d better______smoking. It’s b ad for your health.

eat up B.give up https://www.sodocs.net/doc/2811150516.html,e up D.get up

14. ----How do you like this book?

----I think it has nothing to______with our study.

A. make

B.do

C.take

D.hold

15. ----Where is Mr Brown? I have some questions to ask him.

----He ______the office.

A. has been to

B.has been in

C.has gone to

D.has gone in

16.The bus kept the people ______for twenty minutes.

A. wait

B.to wait

C.waiting

D.waits

17.I believe the scientists will______a better way to heal the disease.

A. get on with

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/2811150516.html,e up with

C.go on with

D.catch up with

18.----Why do you often ______this pink blouse?

----Because it fits me well.

A. put on

B.wear

C.buy

D.try on

19. Jack always runs faster than Peter, but this time he ______him.

A. went over

B.fell behind

C.put off

D.dropped off

20. The Internet ______it easy to get much new information in a short time.

A. finds

B.makes

C.feels

D.takes

参考答案:1--5 BACCB 6—10 BCCBC 11--15 DCBBC 16—20 CBBBB

二、选择最佳答案填空(动词时态):

1. We __________out by that time that he_________ a thief for a longtime.

A. had found, had been  

B. had found, was

C. found, had been

D. found, was

2. It so happened that they________ the novel before.

A. had read

B. would read

C. were reading

D. read

She________ for nearly two hours.

A. kept talking

B. kept to talk

C. has kept talking

D. kept to talking Spring_______ after winter.

A. comes

B. came

C. has come

D. had come

5.—I hear some noise in the next room.

—Oh, yes. Your sister_______ there.

A. cries

B. is crying

C. cried

D. was crying

All the students__________ to plant trees and there’s nobody in the classroom.

A. go

B. will go

C. have gone

D. wound go

7. Stop! A little boy_________ the street.

A. is crossing

B. crosses

C. crossed

D. has crossed

8. The girl________ to milk since last winter.

A. learns

B. learned

C. has learned

D. would learn

9. What__________ to you this morning?

A. happens

B. is happened

C. happened

D. was happened

10. —The old man looks healthy.

—Yes. He________ some running after he gets up.

A. does

B. did

C. has done

D. will do

11. She didn’t pass the exams because she________ her lessons well.

A. wasn’t prepared

B. wasn’t been prepared

C. hadn’t prepared

D. was preparing

12. This story_______ in a faraway village in Europe many years ago.

A. is happened

B. was happened

C. happened

D. has been happened

13. —Mr King came back to our village.

—Really? For what?

—The old man________ the noise in the city.

A. is hating

B. hates

C. was hating

D. has hated

14. His father ________ for a week.

A. died

B. will die

C. has been died

D. has been dead

15. My mother is ill. I _______stay at home and look after her.

A. has to

B. must

C. would

D. have to

16.---Do you know the Frenchman?

---Yes. I ______him for two years.

A. know

B. have known

C. knew

D. have been known

17. They______ all their money, so they have to walk home.

spend B. had spent C. have spent D. will spend

18. Great changes_______ in the city, and a lot of factories_______.

A.have been taken place, have been set up

B.have taken place, have been set up

C.have taken place, have set up

D.were taken place, were set up

19. ---When did Kate’s grandma die?

---While the doctors______ on her.

A. are operating

B. were operating

C. operate

D. operated

20. ---Who are you looking for?

---Mr White.

---Wait here for a while. The class meeting_______ over in half an hour.

A. is

B. will be

C. was

D. has been

21. If she’s not at home, you ______ try telephoning her at the office.

A. will

B. could

C. would

D. need

22. All the new words ______ up in the dictionary yet.

A. have looked

B. haven’t looked

C. have been looked

D. haven’t been looked

23.I don’t want to speak to her, but I ______.

A. do

B. have to

C. have to speak

D. must to

24. Hurry up, or you _____ the train.

A. miss

B. lose

C. will miss

D. will lose

25.The new library ____ next week.

A.. will build B . will be built C. would build D. would be built

26.---Where’s Mabel?

---She _____ ping pong behind the teaching building.

A. is playing

B. was playing

C. played

D. had played

27. Quite a few tall buildings _______ the last two years.

A. have been put up

B. were put up

C. had put up

D. put up

28. Man-made-satellites______ into space by many countries.

A. was sent up

B. is sent up

C. have been sent up

D. has been sent up

29. I _______ all the words on the black board. May I go home now?

copy B. will coup C. copied D. have copied

30. Nobody knew _______ a living in that country.

A. to do

B. to make

C. how to do

D. how to make

31.The old man needs at most five hour’s sleep a night ,but he__________ for over seven hours tonight.

A. has fallen asleep B hasslept C has gone to bed D. has gone to sleep

32.I’m really getting too fat. From now on, I________ more exercise and eat less food.

A have done

B do

C am doing

D will do

33. You don’t need__________ her. I_________ her for several times.

A describe, had met

B describe, meet

C to describe, have met

D describe, met

34. His speech in English was difficult__________.

A in following

B for being followed

C to follow

D to be followed by

35. When he was a child, he tried to find ways_______ people________ life more.

A. to help, enjoy

B. help, to enjoy

C. help, enjoying

D. to be helped, to enjoy

36.What did your class teacher ________you to _______at the meeting?

A. tell, say

B. ask, speak

C. tell, speak

D. ask, talk

37.______the bus until it _______.

A. Get off, stops

B. get off, will stop

C. Don’t get off, stops

D. Don’t get off, will stop

38 The living standard of the people in Shanghai_______ in the last ten years.

A. has raised

B. has risen

C. has been raised

D. has been risen

39 –What did Mr Jones do before he moved here?

-He_______ a city bus for over twenty-five years.

A. has driven

B. drove

C. drives

D. is driving

40. Hurry up! The play _______ for ten minutes. A. had begun B. began C. has been on D. has begun

1-5 CAAAB 6-10 CACCC 11-15 CCBCD 16-20 BCBBB

21-25 ADBCB 26-30 AACDD 31-35 BDCCA 36-40 ACBBC

一、数词的分类

1. 基数词

表示数目的词称为基数词。其形式如下:

A.从1——10

one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten.

B.从11——19

eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen.

这里除eleven,twelve,thirteen,fifteen,eighteen为特殊形式外,fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀-teen构成。

C.从21——99

整数几十中除twenty,thirty, forty,fifty,eighty为特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety 都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成。表示几十几时,在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符―-‖

21 twenty-one

76 seventy-six

D.百位数

个数基数词形式加―hundred‖,表示几百,在几十几与百位间加上and.

101 a hundred and one

320 three hundred and twenty

648 six hundred and forty-eight

E.千位数以上

从数字的右端向左端数起,每三位数加一个逗号―,‖。从右开始,第一个―,‖前的数字后添加thousand,第二个―,‖前面的数字后添加million,第三个―,‖前的数字后添加billion。然后一节一节分别表示,两个逗号之间最大的数为百位数形式。

2,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight

16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four

5,237,166,234 five billion,two hundred and thirty-seven million,one hundred and sixty-six thousand,two hundred and thirty-four

F.基数词在表示确切的数字时,不能使用百、千、百万、十亿的复数形式;但是,当基数词表示不确切数字,如成百、成千上万,三三两两时,基数词则以复数形式出现。

There are hundreds of people in the hall.

大厅里有数以百计的人。

Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the Museum of Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses every day.

每天有成千上万的人来参观秦兵马涌博物馆。

They went to the theatre in twos and threes.

他们三三两两地来到了剧院。

G.表示人的不确切岁数或年代,用几十的复数形式表示。

He became a professor in his thirties.

他三十多岁时成为了教授。

She died of lung cancer in forties.

她四十来岁时死于肺癌。

It was in the 1960s.

那是在二十世纪六十年代。

H.基数词的句法功能

基数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语。

The two happily opened the box.

两个人高兴地打开了盒子。(作主语)

I need three altogether.

我总共需要三个。(作宾语)

Four students are playing volleyball outside.

四个学生在外面打排球。(作定语)

We are sixteen.

我们是16个人。(作表语)

They three tried to finish the task before sunset.

他们三个人尽力想在日落前完成任务。(作同位语)

2. 序数词

表示顺序的词称为序数词。序数词的主要形式:

A.从第一至第十九

其中,one— first,two— second,three— third,five— fifth,eight—eighth,nine—ninth,twelve— twelfth为特殊形式,其它的序数词都是由其相对应的基数词后面添加―th‖构成。例如:six— sixth、nineteen— nineteenth.

B.从第二十至第九十九

整数第几十的形式由其对应的基数词改变结尾字母y为i,再加―eth‖构成。

twenty——twentieth thirty——thirtieth

表示第几十几时,用几十的基数词形式加上连字符―-‖和个位序数词形式一起表示。

thirty-first 第三十一

fifty-sixth 第五十六

seventy-third 第七十三

ninety-ninth 第九十九

C.第一百以上的多位序数词

由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示。

one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一

one thousand,three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十

D.序数词的缩写形式

有时,序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。主要缩写形式有。

first——lst second——2nd third——3rd

fourth——4th sixth——6th twentieth——20th

twenty-third——23rd

其中lst,2nd,3rd为特殊形式,其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th。

用法一、时刻表示法

1. 表示几点钟用基数词加可以省略的o/’clock

5:00 读作five o/’clock 或five

2. 表示几点过几分,在分钟后加past,再加小时

five past seven 七点过五分

half past six 六点半

a quarter past eight 八点过一刻

seven past eight 八点过七分3. 表示几点差几分,在分钟后面加to,再加小时

ten to eight 差十分八点(七点五十分)

a quarter to twelve 差一刻十二点(十一点四十五分)

twenty to six 差二十分六点(五点四十分)

在日常生活中,常用下列简单方法表示时间。

以小时、分种为单位分别读出数字。

6:31 读作six thirty-one

10:26 读作ten twenty-six

14:03 读作fourteen o three

16:15 读作sixteen fifteen

18:30 读作eighteen thirty

23:55 读作twenty-three fifty-five

注:时刻表上的时间大多采用24小时表示法,这样就不需要用a.m.表示上午,p.m.表示下午了。

二、年月表示法

1. 世纪可以用定冠词加序数词加世纪century表示,也可以用定冠词加百位进数加/’s 表示

the sixth(6th)century 公元六世纪

the eighteenth(18th)century 公元十八世纪

the 1900/’s 二十世纪

the 1600/’s 十七世纪

这里,用百位数整数表示的世纪比这一百位阿拉伯数字本身多一个世纪。

2. 年代用定冠词及基数词表示的世纪加十位整数的复数形式构成

in the 1930/’s(in the thirties of the twentieth century或in the nineteen thirties)

在二十世纪三十年代

in the 1860/’s(in the sixties of the 19th century或in the eighteen sixties)

在十九世纪六十年代

In the 1870/’s when Marx was already in his fifties,he found it important to study the situation in Russia,so he began to learn Russian.

在十九世纪七十年代当马克思已经五十多岁时,他发现研究俄国的形势很重要,便开始学习俄语。

3. 表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期,可以在定冠词后,年代前添加early,mid-,late

in the early 1920/’s 在二十世纪二十年代早期

in the mid-1950/’s 在二十世纪五十年代中期

4. 年月日表示法

A.年份用基数词表示,一般写为阿拉伯数字,读时可以以hundred为单位,也可以以世纪、年代为单位分别来读。

1949 读作nineteen hundred and forty-nine 或nineteen forty-nine

1800 读作eighteen hundred

253 读作two hundred and fifty-three或two fifty-three

1902 读作nineteen hundred and two或nineteen o two

表示在哪一年,一般在年数前加介词in,使用year时,year放在数词之前。

in the year two fifty-three B.C. 在公元前253年

但是,通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯数字。

B. 月份,在哪个月用介词in加第一个字母大写的月份词表示。例如:in May在五月;in July在七月。为了简便起见,月份与日期连用时,月份常用缩写形式表示。缩写形式除May,June,July外,其它的月份都由其前三个字母表示,但September除外。

January——Jan.一月February——Feb.二月

March——Mar. 三月April——Apr.四月

August——Aug.八月

September——Sept.九月

October——Oct.十月

November——Nov.十一月

December——Dec.十二月

注:这里缩写形式后面加点不能省略,因为它是表示缩写形式的符号。

C.日期用定冠词the加序数词表示。在哪一天要添加介词on。

National Day is on Oct. 1.

国庆节是十月一日。(读作October first)

此句也可以表示为National Day is on the 1st of October.

May 5 五月五日(读作May fifth)

也可以表示为the fifth(5th)of May

Mar. 1(st)三月一日(读作March first或the first of March)

5. 表示不具体、不确切的时间,如世纪、年代、年份、月份时,用介词in表示,表示具体确切的某一天用介词on表示通常情况下morning,afternoon,evening等词前用介词in。但是,当这些词前后有一修饰限定的词作为定语,把它们限定为某一天早晨、下午或晚上时,介词in应改为on。这里的修饰限定词可以是介词短语、名词、形容词、定语从句等。

On a cold morning,the old man died lonely in his house.

在一个寒冷的早晨,这个老人孤独地死在自己的房子里。

I don/’t want to be disturbed on nights when I have to study.

我不愿意在我必须学习的晚上被打扰。

The accident happened on the afternoon of July 7.

这次事故发生在7月7日下午。

We are to have a small test on Monday morning.

星期一早晨我们将进行一次小测验。

一、写出下列数字的序数词:

1,2,3,5,9,12,20,34

二、写出1—12月份:

三、选择填空:

1.Could you tell us how to read the number 18,306,211?

A.eighteen million, three hundred and six thousands, two hundred eleven

B.eighteen million, three hundred and six thousand, two hundred and eleven

C.eighteen millions, three hundred six thousands, two hundreds and eleven

D.eighteen thousand, three hundred and six, two hundred eleven

2.Shakespeare was born in ______。

A.1660s

B.1660’s

C.the 1660s

D.the 1660’s

3.Bill said they were going to have _____ holiday。

A.a two-weeks’

B.a two-week

C.two weeks’

D.two weeks

4.Over ______ of the articles on education have been published。

A.two thirds

B.two third

C.seconds three

D.seconds third

5.My father left home at about __。

A.six thirty

B.thirty six

C.thirty to six

D.six past thirty

6.We all think that the ______ century will bring us more hopes。

A.twenty-first

B.twentieth-first

C.twenty-one

D.twentieth-one

7.——What’s your room number?

——It’s ______。

A.The 601 Room

B.601 Room

C.The Room 601

D.Room 601

8.______ the students usually surf on the Internet and get information。

A.60 percents of

B.60 percent

C.60 percent of

D.60 percents

9.Several _______ new books were sold out last week。

A.of thousand

B.thousands

C.thousand of

D.thousand

10.Which is right?

A.2009, June 25

B.25th June, 2009

C.June 25, 2009

D.June 25st, 2009

11.Tomorrow is my ________ birthday。

A.sixteen

B.sixteenth

C.the sixteenth

D.the sixteen

12.We have stayed at this school for _______ 。

Which following choice is wrong?

A.two and a half years

B.two years and a half

C.two years and half a year

D.both A and B

四、写出下列正确形式:

1。九年级2班2。第7排

3.515房间4。在二层楼

5.2009年2月14日

6.50公里长的大桥

7。在第46页8。第一中学

9。四分之三10.49

参考答案

一、first,second,third,fifth,ninth,twelfth,twentieth,thirty-fourth

二、January,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,December

三、1.B。读数字时要先从右边开始确定出数位,右边开始数第三位要读thousand,再往前数三位读million,接着往前再数三位就是billion;hundred,thousand,million和billion都是数词不加s,百位和十位之间读时要加and;如果十位是0,也读and。

2.D。英语表示―……世纪……年代‖时应为:―in the+年代’s‖,如:在二十世纪八十年代=in the 1980’s,表示从1980—1989这期间的10年;如果是in 1980=在1980年,一年的时间。

3.B。holiday是个可数名词,所以前面不能丢了冠词;形容词放在a holiday的中间,这个形容词由数词和名词复合而成,复合后名词不能加s,two-week——―两周的‖。

4.A。分数的构成:分子是基数词,分母是序数词;分子大于一,分母加s。

5.A。观察选项,理解句意,就可只要选择―6:30‖这个时间的正确表达形式。有两种:half past six和six thirty。

6.A。世纪的表示法:―in the+序数词+century‖。21的序数词是基数词twenty后加first。

7.D。房间号的表达属于专有名词类,也不用冠词,所以首字母要大些,号码用阿拉伯数字表达。第几排也是同样的表达方法,如:第5排=Row 5。

八年级下册英语语法知识点

1、Smell的用法smell作系动词后面跟形容词作表语例子:The milk in the a bit sour.瓶里的牛奶闻起来有点酸 2、What引导感叹句句型:what[a/an]+形容词+名词/名词性短语+主语+谓语 3、you like....?Would like意为想要可以直接跟宾语Would you like....?意为:你想要.....吗?回答为yes.../no... 例子:Would you like some noodles? 4、Try的用法作名词意为:努力,尝试。常用短语have a try:试试看try还可以做动词意为:尝试,努力。常用结构:try doing sth(尽力去做某事)/try to do sth(尝试去做某事) 5、Hear from sb的用法意为:收到某人的来信相当于get/receive a letter form sb. 注意:hear from的宾语是人,而get与receive的宾语是事物 6、Can’t wait to do sth.的用法Can’t wait to do sth意为:迫不及待做某事列子:Summer holiday is coming.Children can’t wait to go back home. 暑假快到了,孩子们都迫不及待地回家了。 7、With 具有;带有(1)with作介词,意为:具有;带有列子:I dream of a big house with a nice garden 我梦想拥有一个带花园的大房子(2)with+宾语+宾语补足语表示方式或伴随情况。宾语补足语由形容词、分词或介词短语来充当。列子:He left the room with the door open 他没关门就离开了房间。 8、Spend的用法(1) spend time /money on sth.在……上花费时间(金钱). 例子:I spent two hours on this maths problem.这道数学题花了我两个小时.(2) spend time /money (in) doing sth.花费时间(金钱)做某事. 例子:They spent two years (in) building this bridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间.(3)spend money for sth.花钱买…….(某物) 例子:His money was spent for books.他的钱用来买书了. 9、Be proud of..... 意为为...而感到骄傲无论什么情况都不用主格,因为是做介词of 的宾语,只能用宾格。如果主语和of后的词指代的是同一个人,就可以用反身代词,如:I'm proud of myself. You are proud of yourself. He is proud of himself. 如果主语和of 后的词指代的不是同一个人,不可用反身代词。如:I'm proud of you. You are proud of him. 感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel look smell sound taste。作为系动词这些词本身含有词义,但不能单独作为谓语,后面必须跟形容词构成表系结构,说明主语的状况、性质、特征等 10、What do/does sb.look like的用法What do/does sb.look like? 某人长什么样? 常用来形容外貌拓展:what is/are sb. Like?的用法what is/are sb. Like?意为某人怎么样?常用来形容性格 11、Close的用法close意为靠近;接近(1)close可作为副词列子:We sat close together.我们紧挨着坐在一起(2)close作形容词表示空间、时间上的接近相当于never。句型;be close to 意为:离....很近(3)close可作为动词意为:关闭反义词:open 12、While的用法while意为:当....的时候(1)while作连词引导时间状语从句,强调句中的动作与主句中的动作同时发生,但持续时间较长或主句的动作在从句的动作过程中发生。(2)while还可以用来表示对比,连接两个并列句子,对比某两件事物。 13、When的用法when引导的时间状语从句when意为:当(在)......的时候既可以连接一个时间点,又可以连接一个时间段。When引导的从句中的谓语多用终止性(瞬间)动词,主从句的动作可以同时发生也可以有先后顺序发生。列子:When I got back, I found my mother cooking for me. 当我回家时,我发现妈妈正在为我做饭。

最新整理初中英语语法综合练习题(有答案)

初中英语语法综合练习题 1、The boy likes questions. A.ask B.an swer C.to ask 2、We'll try there on time. A.to get B.getting C.got 3、They hoped their mother soon. A.to see B.saw C.seeing 4、I'm glad you again. A.meet B.met C.to meet 5、He often helps me my bike. A.mending B.to mend C.to mended 6、I heard Alice in the next door. A.sings B.sang C.sing

7、The work is easy. Let him it by himself. A.do B.to do C.doing 8、He saw Dick in and take a book away. A.came B.coming C.come 9、Does Jack want a writer? A.be B .is C.to be 10、The boss had them from morning to night. A.worked B.working C.work 11、It's time home. A.to go B.went C.going 12、Tom is kind. He would like you. A.to help B.help C.helped 13、Don't forget your books to school.

新初中英语语法知识—动词的经典测试题含答案(1)

一、选择题 1.The Great Wall (长城) ________ long and it ________ a long history (历史). A.has; is B.is; is C.is; has D.have; has 2.—________ Mary________ fruit? —Of course. A.Is; like B.Does; likes C.Does; like D.Do; likes 3.Kay looked _________ at the guests who said that the food she cooked tasted _________. A.happily; wonderfully B.happily; wonderful C.happy; wonderful D.happy; wonderfully 4.The strawberries delicious. You can have a try. A.eat B.drink C.taste D.sound 5.—Listen! I can hear someone __________ for help. —Is there __________? A.calling; anything wrong B.call; anything wrong C.calling; wrong anything D.call; wrong anything 6.—Why ______ you so busy these days? —Because they arrived ______ London ______ the morning of July1. A.are; in , in B.are; in , on C.do; on , in D.do; at , on 7.I tried to make the baby ________by singing, and that worked well at last. A.stop crying B.to stop crying C.stop to cry D.to stop to cry 8.—What will the weather _______tomorrow? — It is going to_______ . A.be like; rainy B.be like; rain C.like; rain D.like; rainy 9.—How much ________ this pair of shoes? —Five dollars. A.am B.is C.are D.be 10.Which of the following sentences is right? A.My books on the desk B.Nice meet you, too C.These are my dictionaries D.Thanks you for your help. 11.—He’s never been late for school. —________________. A.So have I B.So am I C.Neither have I D.Nor am I 12.Colours can change our moods and make us happy or sad . A.feel B.to feel C.felt D.feeling 13.I have bought a Chinese – English dictionary. When and where_____ you _____ it? A.have, bought B.did buy C.will, buy D.do , buy 14.—How much ________ this pair of socks? —Two dollars for one pair.

初二英语语法知识点总结

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She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与 Which...? 1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词,都可以指人或事物,但是what仅用来询问职业。如: What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的? 该句相当于: What does your father do? What is your father's job? Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如: ---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特? ---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。 2. What...?是泛指,所指的事物没有范围的限制;而 Which...?是特指,所指的事物有范围的限制。如: What color do you like best? (所有颜色) 你最喜爱什么颜色? Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? (有特定的范围) 你最喜爱哪一种颜色? 3. what 与 which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如: Which pictures are from China? 哪些图片来自中国? 4) 频度副词的位置 1.常见的频度副词有以下这些: always(总是,一直) usually(通常) often(常常,经常) sometimes(有时候) never(从不)

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精益学堂 2012 — 2013年寒假辅导培训班期末考试题 初二年级语文 学生姓名: 注意:1、本考试答题时间为90分钟,不得延时; 2 、考试过程中禁止交头接耳,左顾右盼, 旁窥、抄袭或有意让他人抄袭; 3 、禁止携带或夹带一切与考试有关的资料、 书籍,否则视作作弊处理。 一、 看拼音写词语或给词语注音。(每空1分,共10 分) Hudng k dig ( ) h e zh e zh du ( ( ) 丘()()皱 二、 选择题。(每题2分,共12分) 1.卜列词语中加点字读音完全止确的一项是 ( 栩栩 ) 如生x U A.干涸h e 恣意C 1 履行1 U B.魁梧w u 双赢y ing 解剖pou 谆谆教诲zh m C.脑髓su i 迂腐y u 萧索 s 0 恰如其分f m D ?濒临bin 刹那sh d 胆怯 qi e 功亏 一篑 ku 1 2.下列词组有错别字的一项是( ) A.寒噤 鞠躬 触目伤怀 B. 肃穆 惶急 情郁于中 C.狼籍 蹒跚 鸡零狗碎 D. 噩耗 焦灼 月明风清 u ( ) h d ng g m g d 殷红 ( )

D.我们要注意找出并改正作文中的错别字。 列句子的标点符号使用正确的一项是( 今年是白岩松主持《感动中国》颁奖晚会的第九个年头。 学生们通过自己的一双巧手,剪出了菠萝,蝴蝶,燕鱼等图案。 “没问题,”小王充满信心地说,“这点困难吓不倒我们!” D.他终于明白了做这件事有什么意义?怎样才能把这件事做得更好,更有价值 5. 下列作品、作家、时代 (国别)搭配有误的一组是() A. 《桃花源记》 陶渊明 东晋 B. 《陋室铭》 刘禹锡 唐代 C. 《爱莲说》 周敦颐 北宋 D. 《望岳》 杜甫 宋朝 6. F 列句子中划线词语使用恰当的一项是 () A. 对这道数学题的解法, 我还是执迷不悟,请给我解释一下。 B. 这行云流水般的歌声使所有在场的听众获得了极大的艺术享受。 C. 这么好的天气去郊游, 同学们可以在大自然中尽情地享受天伦之乐。 D. 宇宙观光旅行,乍一听似乎是异想天开,但在 21世纪将成为现实 三、 填空题。(每空2分, 共10分) 1. ,一览众山小。 2. .大漠孤烟直, 。 3. ,恨别鸟惊心。 4. .登临吴蜀横分地, 。 5. ?留取丹心照汗青。 四、 文言文阅读。(共17分) 宋人有闵其苗之不长而揠之这者,茫茫然归,谓其人曰: “今日病矣,予助苗长 矣!”其子趋而往视之,苗则槁矣。天下之不助苗之长者寡矣,以为无益而舍之者,不 耘苗者也;助之长者,揠苗者也,非徒无益,而又害之。 (选自《孟子》) 1. 下列句子中的“之”字与其他三项用法不同的一项是( )(2分) A. 非徒无益,而又害之 B. 助之长者,揠苗者也 C. 其子趋而往视之 D. 闵其苗之不长 2. 解释下列句中划线的词语。(3分) (1) 谓其人曰: _________________________________________ (2) 予助苗长矣: _______________________________________ (3) 其子趋而往视之: __________________________________ 3.没有语病的一项是( A. 学习委员猜测,新来的物理老师大概是三十三四岁左右 B. 是否多读书,也是提高一个人语文素养的途径之一。 C ?中学生是学习的重要阶段 4. A. B. C.

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You should be here with clean hands.你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2.用于提出意见劝导别人。例如: You should go to the doctor if you feel ill.如果你感觉不舒服,你最好去看医生。 3.用于表示可能性。 should 的这一用法是考试中常常 出现的考点之一。例如: We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment.她随时都可能来。 3) What...?与Which...? 1.what 与 which 都是疑问代词,都可以指人或事物,但是 what 仅用来询问职业。如: What is your father?你父亲是干什么的? 该句相当于: What does your father do? What is your father’s job? Which指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如:---Which is Peter?哪个是皮特? ---The boy behind Mary.玛丽背后的那个男孩。 2. What...?是泛指,所指的事物没有范围的限制;而Which...?是特指,所指的事物有范围的限制。如:

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英语语法专练第一部分冠词 1.Is there “s”in the end of the word? A.an B.a C.the D. / 2.Mr. Wang is ___ _honest man. A.an B.a C.the D. / 3.He is ____university student. A.a B.an C.the D. / 4. __ book is very useful. I bought it from unknown little town. A. A, a B.The, a C.The, the D.The, an 5. _________________________ ___girl in ___Grade three is tallest in our school. A.The, the, the B.A, a, a C.The, ×, the D.A, ×, a 6. ___ moon moves around _____ e arth,and they both are smaller than sun. A.The, an, a B.A, the, the C. ×, ×, × D.The, the, the 7. She was playing _ piano then. A.a B./ C.the D.an 8. ___ young should care for __ old. A.The, a B.The, the C.A, a D.A, the 9. _______________ The city lies on Yangtzi River. A.the B.a C./ D.an 10. ___________________ H e doesn ' t have lunch at home. A.a B.the C./ D.that 第二部分名词 1.Is there _ on that plate? There are under that tree. a. some chicken b.any chicken c.some chickens d.any chickens 2. ______________ We need two to repair the table. a. block of woods b.blocks of wood c.block of wood d.blocks of woods 3. __________ We know doesn't travel so fast as light. a.sound b.sounds c.a sound d.the sound 4. _______________ There are sixty in our school. a.woman teacher b.women teachers C.woman teachers d.women teacher 5. _______________________ Miss Smith is a friend of . a.Mary 's mother 's b.Mary 's mother c.mother 's of Mary d.Mary mother 's 第三部分数词 1. ___________________________________________________________ He always wanted to have ___of books and he has recently bought four ________________. a.hundred,hundred b.hundreds,hundred

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