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任务型阅读专项训练

Women need to pay attention to their own special risks. And so do men. Surprisingly, even children and teens need to be aware -- or at least the parents who want to keep them safe do. Thankfully, scientists have also made great leaps in figuring out the specific prevention strategies that work best for all. So now, knowledge is your best protection.

What Men Need to Know

According to the American Heart Association (AHA), at least half of the people who die suddenly from heart disease each year had no clue they were sick. Some think that half of all heart attacks strike out of the blue. Not true, insists Jennifer Mieres, a spokeswoman for the AHA. A 2004 study found that at least 90 percent of first heart attacks are caused by well-known problems like high cholesterol or diabetes. "If you look closely," says he, "you'll almost always find a risk factor that was undiscovered, ignored, or not adequately treated."

Lifestyle changes like adopting a healthy diet, getting out for regular exercise, avoiding tobacco, losing weight are the first line of defense.

What Women Need to Know

There are some special considerations for the woman who's healthy and wants to make sure she stays that way. First, she shouldn't smoke-no one should, but the habit is even harder on a woman's heart than it is on a man's.

Women who find that they are at risk should talk to their doctor about taking a statin(他汀,药物名). Indeed, statins halved the risk of cardiovascular disease, but there's been not enough evidence that they help high-risk women and it can't guarantee the long-term safety. So it's worth noting that a healthy diet and exercise also reduce cholesterol(胆固醇)and CRP.

What Parents Need to Know

Last year, a study showed that obese(肥胖的)children and teens have arteries(动脉)that look like

those of an average 45-year-old. New guidelines say these children should get a cholesterol test by age ten -- and even urge doctors to consider statins for those most at risk if nothing else works. The recommendations caused oppositions. Lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise are the best strategy, says Dr. Greer, a professor at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine. Statins

Health experts say cancer will become the leading cause of death in the world by the year two thousand ten. The number of people who die from cancer will soon be greater than deaths from AIDS and malaria combined. The experts say more people will die from cancer than heart disease, the current leading killer.

One reason for the growing deadliness of cancer is more people smoking cigarettes in developing countries. Other things are believed to be closely related to the death. They include high fat diets, fast food meals and reduced physical activity.

The American Cancer Society says governments can do things to help prevent the increase in cancer cases and deaths. One idea is to provide poor and developing nations with vaccines that help to prevent some cancer-causing infections.

Another suggestion is more support for tobacco-control programs. And the Cancer Society also says health officials and governments should invest in cancer research and early detection.

An American study has shown a link between tobacco smoke and behavioral problems in boys with asthma(哮喘). To be considered for the study, children were supposed to be close to cigarette

smoke at least five times a day. His study found the girls were breathing in more tobacco smoke than the boys. But there was no increase in behavioral problems among the girls. For the boys, the results were different. The more contact the boys had with tobacco smoke the more likely they were to have recognizable behavior problems. The boys also were more likely to have signs of emotional problems like anxiety and depression. Their findings show that even low levels of smoke may cause behavior problems in children with asthma or others at risk.

Kimberly Yolton was the lead writer of the report. She says there is no information to explain in detail why tobacco smoke causes behavioral problems in children with asthma. But she says there is much evidence that nicotine in tobacco smoke affects the nervous system, and child

You probably know what fast food is. It is cooked food that is ready almost as soon as you enter a public eating place. It does not cost much.

Most fast food restaurants are chain(连锁) restaurants. That means each one is part of a huge

company. Each restaurant in the chain has the same large, colorful sign that can be easy to recognize from far away. Each offers its own carefully limited choice of foods. Each kind of hamburger or piece of chicken tastes the same at every restaurant in the chain.

The fast food industry began with two brothers in the nineteen forties. Mac and Dick McDonald owned a small, but very successful restaurant. They sold only a few kinds of simple food, especially hamburgers. People stood outside the restaurant at a window. They told the workers inside what they wanted to eat. They received and paid for their food very quickly. The food came in containers that could be thrown away. The system was so successful that the McDonald brothers discovered they could sell a lot of food and lower their prices.

Ray Kroc sold restaurant supplies. He recognized the importance of the McDonald brothers' idea. Kroc paid the McDonald brothers for permission to open several restaurants similar to theirs. He opened the first McDonald's restaurant near Chicago in nineteen fifty-five. Soon, more McDonald's were opening all across the United States. Other people copied the idea and more fast food restaurants followed.

Fast food restaurants spread quickly in the United States because of franchising. Franchising means selling the legal right to operate a store in a company's chain to an independent business person. If the company approves, the business person may buy the store for a period of years. Each restaurant also gives the company about ten percent of the money it earns in sales. Today, over seventy percent of McDonald's restaurants worldwide are owned and operated by

Teamwork is just as important in science as it is on the playing field or in the gym. Scientific investigations (调查) are almost always carried out by teams of people working together. Ideas are shared, experiments are designed, data are analyzed, and results are evaluated and shared with

other investigators. Group work is necessary, and is usually more productive than working alone.

Several times throughout the year you may be asked to work with one or more of your classmates. Whatever the task your group is assigned, a few rules need to be followed to ensure a productive and successful experience.

What comes first is to keep an open mind, because everyone’s ideas deserve consideration and each group member can make his or her own contribution. Secondly, it makes a job easier to divide the group task among all group members. Choose a role on the team that is best suited to your particular strengths. Thirdly, always work together, take turns, and encourage each other by listening, clarifying, and trusting one another. Mutual support and trust often makes a great difference.

Activities like investigations are most effective when done by small groups. Here are some more suggestions for effective team performance during these activities: Make sure each group member understands and agrees to the task given to him or her, and everyone knows exactly when , why and what to do; take turns doing various tasks during similar and repeated activities; be aware of where other group members are and what they are doing so as to ensure safety; be responsible for your own learning, though it is by no means unwise to compare your observations with those of other group members.

When there is research to be done, divide the topic into several areas, and this can explore the issue in a very detailed way. You are encouraged to keep records of the sources used by each person, which helps you trace back to the origin of the problems that may happen unexpectedly. A format for exchanging information (e.g., photocopies of notes , oral discussion, etc.) is also important, for a well-chosen method not only strengthens what you present but also makes yourself easily understood. When the time comes to make a decision and take a position on an issue, allow for the contributions of each member of the group. Most important of all, it is always wise to make decisions by compromise and agreement.

After you’ve completed a task with your team, make an evaluation of the team’s effectiveness

Maybe you are an average student. You probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessary so, however. Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to. Here’s how:

1. Plan your time carefully. When you plan your week, you should make a list of things that you have to do. After making this list, you should make a schedule of your time. First your time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc. then decide a good, regular time for studying. Don’t forget to set aside enough time for entertainment. A weekly schedule may not solve all your problems, but it will force you to realize what is happening to your time.

2. Find a good place to study. Look around the house for a good study area. Keep this space, which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room, free of everything but study materials. No games, radios, or television! When you sit down to study, concentrate on the subject.

3. Make good use of your time in class. Take advantage of class time to listen to everything the teachers say. Really listening in class means less work later. Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says.

4. Study regularly. When you get home from school, go over your notes. Review the important points that your teacher mentioned in class. If you know what your teacher is going to discuss the next day, read that material will become more meaningful, and you will remember it longer.

5. Develop a good attitude about tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. They help you remember your new knowledge. The world won’t end if you don’t pass a test, so don’t be overly worried.

There are other methods that might help you with your studying. You will probably discover many others after you have tried these.

New Year traditions all around the world

“Happy New Year!” Everyone will greet each other with these words as they meet each other over the next couple of weeks. But it wasn’t always January 1 that marked the New Year.

At least 4,000 years ago, the ancient Egyptians and Babylonians marked the changing of the year. In Egypt, the year started when the Nile River flooded, enriching farmers’ fields. This happened at the end of September.

The Babylonians held a festival in the spring, on March 23, to kick off the next farming cycle. The Babylonian celebration lasted for 11 days.

The date January 1 was picked by the Roman Emperor Julius Caesar as the change of the year when he established his own calendar in 46 BC. The month of January originates from the Roman god, Janus. He is pictured with two heads. One head looks forward and the other back. They represent a break between the old and new. The new calendar was in time with the sun and it has been used until the present day.

In Vietnam, the New Year holiday happens in February. They buy fresh flowers and a peach blossom to put in their house, following the Vietnamese custom.

Thailand has its specific New Year’s date; it’s different from the normal calendar. The Thai New Year is celebrated on April 13. On this day, Thai people play with water, throwing it on each other. It is intended to bring good luck during the New Year ahead.

In China, the more favorable New Year is usually celebrated in February according to lunar calendar (阴历). On New Year’s Eve, all family members sit together at table, enjoying lots of auspicious foods such as dumplings, chicken to bring good luck.

A (1) children (2) knowledge (3) contribute (4) change (5)regularly(6) Smoking (7) harm

(8) guarantee (9) exercise (10) risk

B (1)die (2) Reasons (3) smoke (4) much (5) suggestions (6) give/offer (7) support (8) invest (9) caused (10) effect/influence/impact

C (1)cheaper (2)easily (3)limited (4)same (5)Origin (6)small (7)different (8)permitted/allowed

(9) quickly (10)thirty/30

D 1. teamwork 2. ideas/ opinions/ views/ thoughts 3. Support / Encourage / Back

4. Suggestions

5. given / assigned

6. responsibility

7. topic/ subject/ issue

8. case 9. Exchange /Share 10. Evaluate

E 1.schedule 2.materials 3.notes 4.read 5.overly

6.what

7. concentrate / focus

8.less

9.understand 10. knowledge

F 1.Dates 2.activities 3.Meanings/Effects 4.rich 5.festival/celebration

6.symbol

7. pouring/throwing

8. following

9. enjoying 10. happiness

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初中英语任务型阅读做题技巧一、任务型阅读理解题解读任务型阅读理解测试主要考查考生在有限的时间内根据不同的人的不同需要捕捉到相应的有效信息的能力。任务型阅读理解题所选文章题材真实可靠，内容贴近现代社会生活，涉及学生生活、富有时代气息，语言原汁原味。该题型主要考查考生是否能够有效地运用语言“做事”的能力，体现了语言能力、智力能力和社会经验等方面能力的有机结合。从某种意义上来说,这一题型的阅读理解实际上就是一道高水平的智能检测题——综合检测考生的阅读、理解、分析、判断、跨文化交际知识以及心理感悟能力等。如果考生心理承受力比较弱,或者应试时头脑一时不那么开窍,恐怕很快就会感觉犹如“雾里看花”,似它非它了；而且,考生对某一题的错误判断会影响其对其他题目作出正确的分析和判断，产生曼延作用。二、解题步骤任务型阅读理解题的解题的关键在于正确把握要求与符合要求的条件之间的一一对应关系，该类的“对应”可能是“主旨对应”,也可能是“情节对应”,还可以是“细节对应”等。同学们只要能够把握住这一原则就能轻松做好这种试题。 “一一对应阅读方法”的具体步骤如下：三、实战演练&技巧总结任务型阅读：根据短文内容，完成表格。(每空最多填三个单词) Volunteering is good for others. Governments try to meet everyone’s needs, but it’s impossible for them to do

everything. That is why some people become volunteers. If people never helped each other and only cared about themselves, the world would be a sad place. We could make a better and happier home if we worked together. And we could do something to make life easier for everyone. So, what can a volunteer or a volunteer group do? ●bring food to hungry people; ●make neighborhoods safer and more friendly; ●protect wildlife and natural area; ●bring comfort and happiness to lonely people; At the same time, it is good for us to do some volunteering work for our society. We can get many benefits like the following: ●make new friends ; ●get important skills and experience; ●see more of our community and world; ●fight against difficulties. ●build confidence and self-esteem; Volunteering

中考英语英语任务型阅读理解精选附答案50

中考英语英语任务型阅读理解精选附答案50 一、英语任务型阅读 1．根据短文内容，完成问题。 Pakistani girl Malala Yousafzai is the youngest ever to win the Nobel Peace Prize. She has become the voice of girls throughout the world. Born in Swat Valley in Pakistan in 1997, Malala lived a quiet life until 2009, when the Taliban(塔利班), an Islamic organization of violence(暴力) took control of her village. ① . They believed educating girls was against Islam. But Malala didn't agree. She wouldn't give up her education and kept going to school. ② "What is wrong with us girl students? We want all girls to get their schools back," she wrote. Her hard work encouraged many young girls in Swat Valley. ③ On Oct.9, 2012, when Malala was taking a bus home, a Taliban man got on the bus with a gun in his hand. A bullet immediately hit her in the face. Luckily, the shot didn't kill her. She was taken to a hospital in the UK. The shot didn't kill her courage, either. ④ Her courage made her famous. She has spoken at the United Nations, met world leaders and written a book named I Am Malala. OnOct.10, 2013, the EP awarded Malala the top human rights prize. They said," She is an icon(符号) of courage for all teenagers who dare to follow their aspirations(愿望)." ①________②________③________ ④________ （2）What may be the best title for this passage? A. Dreans of peace B. A gun shot in Pakistan C. Voice of courage D. Education rights for girls 【答案】（1）B；D；A；C （2）C 【解析】【分析】主要讲了巴基斯坦女孩尤萨夫扎伊是有史以来获得诺贝尔和平奖最年轻的人。她不放弃教育，一直学习，她的艰辛工作鼓励着许多女孩，已成为全世界女孩勇气的声音。（1）A. However, her actions also put her in danger.然而，她的行为也使她处于危险之中。 B. They stopped girls from getting an education.他们阻止女孩接受教育。 C. Now she is still calling for education rights for girls.现在她仍在呼吁女孩享有受教育的权利。 D. And she started to write a blog against the Taliban.她开始写一篇反对塔利班的博客。 ①根据后句They believed educating girls was against Islam.可知他们认为教育女孩是违背伊

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