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介词的用法大全

介词的用法大全
介词的用法大全

介词的用法

一.表示时间日期的介词

1.at:主要表示方向、场所、时间的某一点

at the corner of the street,at dinner,at sixty miles an hour,be sold at three yuan a dozen,come at us

固定搭配:at one time,at the beginning of,at the post office,at the airport,at the weekend,at the age of 25,at the same time,at present,at any time,表示原因,表示“见/闻……而”。at the news

at 主要表示时间点

表示特定的时间at night a.m. 在九点钟表示不确定的时间at night, at that time, at Christmas在圣诞期间当天on

表示年龄段at the age of eight 在8岁

2.in:表示场所、时间与期限、状况、方向。主要用来表示较长的时间单位,如月份、季节、年份等in the 1990s in the late 19th century

形成“in+时段名词”的词组或固定搭配

in those days,in the daytime,in a short while,in no time,in time

.in 主要表示时间段

一般指相对较长的时间段里in the morning, in spring, in the past ten years

在…时间之后,用于将来时He will be back in a month.

介词in在短语或句型中的省略:

1) 某些形容词/过去分词后接v-ing形式时,v-ing形式前的介词in可以省略。

be busy (in) doing be engaged (in) doing (忙于……)

2) 某些动词如busy等,常与反身代词连用,其后的in也可以省略。

busy oneself (in) doing

3) 某些动词如spend、pass、waste等与表示时间的名词连用,后面的介词也可以省略。

spend time (in) doing waste time (in) doing

4) 在have no difficulty in doing sth.、have no trouble in doing sth.、have no business in doing sth.等句型中介词也可以省略。

5) 在句型There is no use (in)doing sth.中,介词也可省略。

固定搭配:in the world,in (the)future,in the snow /rain / storm,in ink,in short,in public,in one’s opinion,in modern times,in surprise,in a queue,in the open air

3.on:主要表示在上面、根据或基础、有关或涉及的方面、表示某天。

固定搭配:on doing sth.,on the afternoon of October,on Tuesday evening,on foot,hit sb. on the head,on the right/ left,on fire,on duty,on sale,on the radio,on show,on earth,on one’s own

注意:一般带有宗教色彩的节日名词前面用at,如圣诞节。

一般的节日名词前用on。

on 主要指具体某一天

表示是具体的日期和星期on Monday, on October 1st,1949. on my birthday

某一天特定的上午下午或半夜on the night of December 31,1999. on a fine day

在第几天on her first day to school, on the tenth day I was in Beijing.

4.by主要表示接近、时限、动作的执行者、方式。

固定搭配:by the village,by oneself,by foot(=on foot),by hand,learn … by heart,

二.表示地点,方位的介词

5.for主要表示目的、原因、交换值以及时间和距离的长度。

固定搭配:make sth. for sb.,thank sb. for sth.,for example,for sale,for free,

for 表示一段时间

表示一件事延续的长短,一般接具体的时间I have lived in Nanjing for 2 years.

6.of表示部分与全体的关系、所有关系、来源和所用的材料。

of所有格表示的多种关系:

1)从属关系:the wheel of the car

2)局部----整体关系:some of the water

3)量化关系:a cup of tea

4)描述关系:a professor of learning(知识丰富的教授)

5)同位关系:the city of Beijing

6)动宾关系:the study of the map(研究地图)

7)主谓关系:the determination of the workers(工人们的决心)

固定搭配:be fond of,make fun of,be tired of,of one’s own,instead of,

7.to 主要表示方向、程度、结果、关系和位置。

固定搭配to one’s surprise / joy/ astonishment,to the east of,key to…,come up to,add up to,be open to the public,thanks to,stick to,refer to

8.during 表示一段时间

在…期间内,强调在此期间内发生了什么事y

I studied in this university for 4 years, during that time most of my time was spent in learning English.

可接表示时间延续一段时间的名词during my visit to China, during my holiday

9.from 与to, till连用

Most people work from nine to five. 多数人过着朝九晚五的生活

10.since,since+时间点从那一刻起,与现在完成与过去完成时连用

He has been here since last Sunday. 自从上星期天起,她就在这里

四、容易错、常考的介词及搭配

1.be made of,be made from,be made into,be made in

2.call on = visit,call for = go and pick up

3.on business (出差)/ strike()罢工/ duty(值日)/ holiday / fire / vacation / watch(警戒)/ sale (出售)/ leave(请假)/ guard(警戒)

4.have some trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth.,have a habit / idea / plan of doing sth.

5.A is pleased to B,B is pleased with A(对……感到满意)

7.with the help of,under the leadership of

8.by means of(使用),by way of(经由),by heart(记住),by the way

9.out of question(毫无疑问),out of the question(毫不可能)

10.prevent / stop / keep sb. from doing sth.

11.be thankful to sb. for sth.

12.steal sth. from sb.,rob sb. of sth.

13.insist on doing sth.,persist in doing sth.,stick to,go on doing sth.

14.set about doing sth.,set out to do sth.

15.look sb. in the face,hit sb. on the face,lead the cow by the nose

16.do a favour for sb. = do sb. a favour

五、介词的惯用型

1.above all(首先),after all,at all(全然),in all

2.day after day,year after year,one after one,one after another

3.at peace(和平),at war(战争),at times(时常),at dinner

4.by oneself,by all means(尽一切办法、务必),by chance,by accident,

by no means(决不、并没有),by means of(用、依靠),by the way

5.in her teens(十几岁),in pain,in danger,in need

6.to one’s joy / sorrow / surprise

7.with care(仔细地),with joy / pleasure(高兴地),with one’s help,

with the best wishes(致以我们良好的祝愿),without difficulty(毫不困难地),without exception(毫不例外),without delay(立即、马上)

8.according to(依据),along with(和……一起),as to(至于……),because of,except for(除……之外),instead of(代替)

9.out of order(不正常),out of date,out of trouble(脱离困境),out of sight,

out of debt(还清了债务),out of touch(没有联系)

10.at the bottom of,at the centre of,at the end of,at the top of,

at the cost of(以……为代价)at the sight of,at the thought of,at a speed of

11.in memory of(纪念),in favour of(同意),in the habit of(有……习惯),in touch with(与……保持联系),on the left of,on the eve of(在……前夕)

12.from time to time(不时地),from day to day(天天),from hand to hand(一个传一个),from side to side(左右地),from car to car(一个车厢一个车厢地),from bad to worse(越来越差),from beginning to end(从头到尾),from hand to mouth(仅能糊口),from head to foot,from start to finish,from one to another 六.掌握方式、手段、工具的表达方法

1)in +文字、语言、材料名词

in English (ink, pencil, capital letters) write in pen, 用钢笔写speak in a low voice 小声说话

2)with +工具、机器;人体器官;情绪、情感、态度的名词

with a branch, with one’s nose, with pride, with satisfaction,

with the help of, with one’s permission

We can see with our eyes and write with our hands.

I killed a fly with a fly flap. 我用苍蝇拍打死了一只苍蝇

3)by 表示泛指的方式、手段

by bus, by land, by means of(用……方法), by way of(经由), by doing sth.,

by hand(手工), by post(由邮局传递), by letter(用写信的方式), by electricity, by hard work, by the year, by the hour(by + the + 单位名词)按……

4)其它表示方式(情况、状况、手段)的表示法

through the radio / by radio / on the radio, through / by / from practice,

by telephone (on the telephone), on foot, on the train, in satisfaction, in surprise, in silence, in a low voice, in comfort, in sorrow, in high / good / poor spirits,

in anger, in safety, in debt, in good order, in good / poor health, in tears,

in use, in pain,

七、注意:某些名词和介词的固定搭配

1)要求to:key, answer, visit, apology, introduction

以to为中心构成短语的归纳

belong to, come to(苏醒), look forward to, lead to, stick to, refer to, turn to, drink to(为……干杯), object to(反对), reply to the letter, help oneself to, sing / dance to the music(和着……在……声中唱/跳), devote oneself to

2)要求in:interest, satisfaction

3)以for为中心构成短语的归纳

ask for, call for(去接某人), care for(关心), go in for(从事), answer for(对……负责), send for, pay for, praise sb. for(赞扬某人某事), head for(向……方向移动), search for, take … for …(误以为), leave for, prepare for(为……准备), thank sb. for, make a dive for(向……猛冲), make up for(弥补……损失)4)以on为中心构成短语的归纳

come on来吧, call on拜访, pass on传递, carry on进行下去, live on sth.靠……生活, depend on依靠, have on 穿着, have pity on同情, look on … as …把……看作, push on推动, spy on窥探, switch / turn on旋开, wait on服侍, walk on继续走, spend…on …在……上花费时间、金钱, operate on给……动手术, take on a new

look呈现新面貌

八、某些形容词和介词的固定搭配

1)be afraid of 担心be afraid for替……而担心

2)be angry about / at sth.因……而生气be angry with sb.对……某人发怒

3)be anxious for sth.渴望be anxious about sth. / sb.担心

4)be different from 与……不同be indifferent to … ……不关心

5)be good at …擅长be good for …对……有益be good of sb. to do sth.友好

6)be strict with sb.对……严格be strict in sth.

7)be popular with sb.受到……欢迎be popular in some place流行在……be popular for因……而流行8)be pleased with + n.或what从句;be pleased at +抽象名词听、看到而高兴

9)be disappointed at sth. ;be disappointed with sb.对……失望

10)be known to sb. ;be known with + n.或从句;be known for因……而著名

11)be absent from缺席

12)be devoted to …献身于……

13)be open to …对……开放

14)be poor / clever / expert at …

15)be sorry for …替/为……后悔

16)be rich in … be interested in …

17)be proud of (take pride in)

18)be satisfied with / b y … be sure of / about …

19)be fond of, be fit for, be busy with sth. (in doing sth.)

20)be late for, be ready for

21)be similar to … ;be wrong with …

九、吊尾介词

1)某些形容词后接不及物动词或“V+介”型短语动词的不定式形式表“反射”,常用吊尾介词。

A) fit, easy, hard, good, difficult, comfortable, heavy等形容后,常用吊尾介词。

e.g. The girl is easy to get along with.

B) be worth doing, be worthy of being done, be worthy to be done, want / require / need doing表反射,常用吊尾介词。

e.g. The problem is worth dealing with.

The book is worthy of being referred to.

2)不及物动词的不定式修饰表“涉及对象、场所、工具、手段、方式、材料等”意义的名词时常带吊尾介词。

e.g. There is nothing for us to worry about. a room to live in

3)定语从句中,先行词被一个不及物动词所修饰,则不及物动词后要带介词,先行词被“V+介”组成的短语动词所修饰,介词常在句尾。

e.g. He is the very man I just spoke to. This is the life he is used to.

4)以what,whose,who,whatever等引导的宾语从句、表语从句中常出现“吊尾介词”。

e.g. I don’t know what you do it for.

5)强调句型和特殊疑问句中由于被强调部分和疑问词位置变更,常出现吊尾介词。在上下文意义清楚时,特殊疑问句常用省简结构。

e.g. It is the poor boy that we gave the books to.

What for?(为什么?)Where to?(去哪儿?)Who with?(和谁去?)

6)被动语态中“V+介”短语常用吊尾介词。

e.g. He was listened to come here. He has never been spoken to in this way.

十常用介词辨异

1.about, on, of 关于

on多用于慎重的、正式的语言交际场合。常见于“学术上”的“论文”或“演说”等题目,可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读,有“论及”之意。

about表示的内容多为普遍、不那么正式,有“述及”之意。

of作“关于”讲,表示提及、涉及某人(事)时,只表示事情存在或发生,并不涉及详情;有时与about 意义相近,但有时意义很不同,常与动词know、hear、learn(听说)、speak、talk、think、tell等连用。

2. at, on, in(表时间) : at表示时间的一点;in表示一个时期;on表示特殊日子

A. at后常接几点几分,天明,中午,日出,日落,开始等。如:

at five o’clock(五点),at down (黎明),at daybreak (天亮),at sunrise (日出), at noon (中午),at sunset (日落),at midnight (半夜),at the beginning of the month (月初), at that time (那时),at that moment (那会儿),at this time of day (在一天的这个时候)。

B. in后常接年,月,日期,上午,下午,晚上,白天,季节,世纪等。如:

in 2006(2006年),in May,2004 (2004年五月),in the morning (早晨/上午),in the afternoon (下午),in the evening (晚上),in the night (夜晚),in the daytime (白天),in the 21st century (21世纪),in three days (weeks/month)三天(周/个月),in a week (一周),in spring (春季)。

C. on后跟某日,星期几,某日的朝夕,节日等,即具体某一天极其早\中、晚.

on Sunday (星期日),on a warm morning in April (四月的一个温暖的上午),on a December night (12月的一个夜晚),on that afternoon (那天下午),on the following night (下一个晚上),on Christmas afternoon (圣诞节下午),on October 1,1949 (1949年10月1日),on New Year’s Day.

(特别提示): 在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词

at, in in一般表示较大的地方at表示较小的地方

at home, at school, at the bus stop, at the doctor's,in a country, in a town, in the street,

3. between, among(表位置) “在…..之间”

A. between仅用于二者之间,但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时,也可用between, 如

I’m sitting between Tom and Alice. The village lies between three hills.

B. among用于三者或三者以上之间。如:

He is the best among the students.

4.except, except for, except that, but, besides, beside

except“除……之外”,指不包括……,后面常接名词、代词(人称代词常用宾格),还可接介词短语、副词和动词不定式,此时相当于but,但不定式常不带to。

except for“除了,只有”,意思和except一样,主要指说明基本情况后,而在细节上加以修正,后面常接名词性短语。

except that“除了,只是”,意思和except、except for一样。但在用法上,主要指其后常接名词性从句,也可接when、where等词引导的其它从句。

but所含“除……外”的意思不如except明确。but多用在代词(主要是不定代词、否定代词和疑问代词)之后。

besides表示“除……外还有”,所排除的事物常包括在所述范围之内。另外,besides可用作副词,相当于also,有“而且,加之,何况”之意。

beside也是介词,表示“在附近”,只不过形似besides,容易相互混淆。

【对比】如果在区别前后有同类的词语时,就用except,否则就用except for。

e.g.This book has no blunder except a few mistakes.

This book is interesting except for a few mistakes.(前面无同类词语)

Every one of us, except him, went to see the exhibition.

5. in the tree, on the tree

in the tree ,指动物或人等外来的东西在树上,

on the tree ,指果实或叶子等树本身长出来的东西

6. on the way, by the way, in this way

on the way 指在路上, on one’s way to .....

by the way 指顺便问一句

in this way 用这样的方法, in that way , in other way, in these ways

7. by bus, on the bus

by bus 是一般说法, 固定搭配, on the bus 特指乘某一辆车

8. across, through, over和past“通过, 经过”

across从表面经过, 如,road, bridge, river

through从内部空间经过, 如: city, woods, forests, window, gate

past , 从旁边经过.

through指“穿过…(门洞/人群/树林)”;across和over可以指“跨越…(街道/河流)”,可互换,但是表示“翻过…”时只能用over. 如:Just then a rat (鼠)ran across the road.(就在那时一只老鼠跑过路面)/ There is a bridge across/over the river.(河上有座桥)/ They climbed over the mountain and arrived there ahead of time.(他们翻过大山提前到达了那里)/ The visitors went through a big gate into another park.(参观者们穿过一个大门来到另一个公园)

8. on, above, over, “在…上”, up,

A. on指在某物表面上,有接触点 a book on the table

B. over指在某物垂直上方,无接触点,也可指覆盖在某物上, 与under相对under 表示在…下方I put the money under the bed. 我把钱放在床底下

a cloth over the table , a fan over the table

C. above指在某物的上方即可,不一定是垂直上方是斜上方反义词为below ,

He lives above me 他住我家楼上(不一定就是头上一间)

The temperature today is above zero.今天气温零度以上.

D. up表示在往上的方向反义词down look up to the sky 抬头看天空

about与on的用法区别:都可以表示“有关…”,但是about的意义比较广,而on主要表示“有关…(专题/课程)”。如:Tom is going to give a talk on the history of America.(汤姆要作一个美国历史的报告)/ They are very excited talking about the coming field trip.(他们兴致勃勃地谈论着即将来到的野外旅游)

on 表示两事物表面接触Put away the books on the desk. 把桌上的书收好

over除了要接触,还有覆盖的含义,over表示正上方

There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥

9. for , since,

A. since仅说明什么时候开始,, 后常跟一个具体的过去的时间.

B. for 表示某动作或情况持续多久, 后常跟一段时间。

He has studied the piano for 5 years.. They have lived here since 1978.

since与for表示时间的用法区别:“since+(具体时刻/that-从句)”表示“自从…起一直到现在”,“for +(一段时间)”表示“总共有…之久”,都常用于完成时态;如:Uncle Li has worked in this factory since 1970.(李叔叔自从1970年起就在这家工厂工作了)/ Uncle Li has worked in this factory for over 30 years. (李叔叔在这家工厂已经工作了30多年)

10. after, behind, “在…之后”

A. after 主要用于表示时间

B. behind主要用于表示位置

11. in, after “……以后”

A. “in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后, 用在将来时态中., 常回答how soon的提问.

B.“after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后, 相当于一段时间+ later

My mother will come back in three or four days.

He arrived after five months. = He arrived five minutes later.

.in , after , later

in + 一段时间. 常用一般将来时。

after + 一段时间. 常用一般过去时。

after + 点时间. 用各种时态。

一段时间+later 过去时

12. 放在地点之前的介词:at, in, on

A. at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在……附近,旁边”

B. in (1)表示在大地方; (2)表示“在…范围之内”。

C. on 表示毗邻,接壤

D. to 表示在……范围外,不强调是否接壤

⑵ after与in表示时间的用法区别:“after+(具体时刻/从句)”表示“在…时刻之后”常用于一般时态;“in+(一段时间)”表示“在(多久)之后”,常用于将来时态。如:He said that he would be here after 6:00.(他说他六点钟之后会来这儿)/ My father is coming back from England in about a month.(我父亲大约一个月以后从英国回来)

13. by, with, in , on 表示方式, 手段,工具,

A. by 以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具, 或跟V-ing形式.

B. with 表示用…工具,

C. in 表示用…方式,用…语言(语调、颜色)等

D. on 表示通过媒介, on the telephone, on the radio, on TV

by、in与with表示方式的用法区别:都可以表示“工具、手段”,但是by主要表示“乘坐”某个交通工具或“以……方式”,在被动句中可以表示动作的执行者;in表示“使用”某种语言/文字,with表示“使用”某个具体的工具、手段。如:We see with our eyes and walk with our feet.(我们用眼睛看东西,用双脚走路)/ Please write that article(文章) in English.(请你用英语写那篇文章)/ Let’s go to the zoo by taxi.(我们打的去动物园吧。)/ It was written by Lao She.(那是老舍写的)

14.as与like的区别:

两个词都表示“像……”,但是as译为“作为……”,表示的是职业、职务、作用等事实,而like译为“像……一样”,表示外表,不是事实。如:Let me speak to you as a father.(我以父亲的身份和你讲话。)(说话者是听者的父亲) / Let me speak to you like a father.(让我像一位父亲一样和你讲话)(说话者不是听者的父亲)

15. at the end of、by the end of、to the end、in the end的用法区别:

at the end of…既可以表示时间也可以表示地点,译为“在…末;在…尽头”,常与过去时连用;by the end of…只能表示时间,译为“在…前;到…为止”,常用于过去完成时;in the end与at last基本等义,表示“终于、最后”,通常用于过去时;to the end译为“到…的终点为止”,前面往往有表示运动或连续性的动词。如:By the end of last term we had learned 16 units of Book III.(到上学期期末我们已经学习了第三册16个单元)/ At the end of the road you can find a big white house with brown windows.(在路的尽头你能找到一幢有棕色窗户的白房子)/ They left for Beijing at the end of last week.(上周末他们动身去了北京)/ In the end he succeeded in the final exams.(他最终在期末考试中考及格了)/ We should go on with the work to the end.(我们应该把工作干到底)/ Follow this road to the end and you will see a post office.(沿这条路走到底就能看见一家邮电局)

16.for a moment、for the moment、in a moment、at the moment的区别:

for a moment“一会儿、片刻”(=for a while),常与持续性动词连用;for the moment“暂时、目前”,常用于现在时;in a moment“一会儿、立即、马上”(=soon; in a few minutes),一般用于将来时;at the moment“此刻,眼下”(=now),用于现在进行时。如:Please wait for a moment.(请稍等)/ Let’s leave things as they are for the moment.(暂时就维持现状吧!) / I’ll come back in a moment.(我过会儿回来)/ I am very busy at the moment.(眼下我很忙)

17. but的问题:

用介词but引出另一个动词时,要注意:如果前面有do,后面就用原形动词,前面没有do时,后面的动词要加to。如:I could do nothing but wait.(我什么也做不了只能等) / They had no choice(选择) but to fight.(他们没有选择只有战斗)

18. in front of 与in the front of:

in front of“在…的前面”, 与in the front of“在…的前部”。如:A car was parking in front of the hall.(大厅跟前停着一辆汽车)/ In the front of the hall stood a big desk.(大厅前部立着一个大讲台) [12] except

与besides的区别:except“除了”,表示排除掉某人物,即不包含;而besides“除了”则表示包含,即“不仅……又……”。如:Everyone went to the Palace Museum except Tom.(除了Tom,大家都去了故宫博物院)(Tom没有去故宫)/ Besides Chinese he also studied many other subjects.(除了汉语之外,他还学其他许多功课)

19.till , until , to 的用法。

till / until 与延续动词连用,用于肯定句,与短暂动词连用用在否定句(在句首、强调句不用till ).

英语常用介词用法与辨析

■表示方位的介词:in, to, on

1. in 表示在某地范围之内。如:

Shanghai is/lies in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。

2. to 表示在某地范围之外。如:

Japan is/lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面。

3. on 表示与某地相邻或接壤。如:

Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. 蒙古国位于中国北边。

■表示计量的介词:at, for, by

1. at表示“以……速度”“以……价格”。如:

It flies at about 900 kilometers a hour. 它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。

I sold my car at a high price. 我以高价出售了我的汽车。

2. for表示“用……交换,以……为代价”。如:

He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百元把车卖了。

注意:at表示单价(price) ,for表示总钱数。

3. by表示“以……计”,后跟度量单位。如:

They paid him by the month. 他们按月给他计酬。

Here eggs are sold by weight. 在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。

■表示材料的介词:of, from, in

1. of成品仍可看出原料。如:

This box is made of paper. 这个盒子是纸做的。

2. from成品已看不出原料。如:

Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。

3. in表示用某种材料或语言。如:

Please fill in the form in pencil first. 请先用铅笔填写这个表格。

They talk in English. 他们用英语交谈(from https://www.sodocs.net/doc/2813438539.html,)。

注意:in指用材料,不用冠词;而with指用工具,要用冠词。请比较:draw in pencil/draw with a pencil。■表示工具或手段的介词:by, with, on

1. by用某种方式,多用于交通。如by bus乘公共汽车,by e-mail. 通过电子邮件。

注意:表示搭乘交通工具时,用by时不用冠词,用in时要用冠词。请比较:

I went there by bus/in a bus. 我是坐公共汽车去的那儿。

2. with表示“用某种工具”。如:

He broke the window with a stone. 他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。

注意:with表示用某种工具时,必须用冠词或物主代词。

3. on表示“以……方式”,多用于固定词组。

They talked on the telephone. 他们通过电话进行交谈。

She learns English on the radio/on TV. 她通过收音机/电视学英语。

■表示关于的介词:of, about, on

1. of仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事。如:

He spoke of the film the other day. 他前几天提到了这部影片。

He thought about this matter yesterday. 他昨天考虑了这件事。

2. about指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。如:

Can you tell me something about yourself? 你能告诉我一些关于你自己的事情吗?

3. on指“关于”学术性的或严肃的事。如:

It’s a textbook on the history of china. 它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。

■表原因或理由的介词:for, at, from, of, with, by, because of

1. for表示原因,常与sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame等词连用。如:

I am sorry for what I said to you. 我后悔不该对你讲那些话。

2. at指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到而……”。如:

He was surprised at the news. 听到这消息他大吃一惊。

3. from指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸等。如:

He died from the wound. 他因受伤而致死。

4. of指“内在的原因”,如病、饿等。如:

The old man died of hunger. 老人死于饥饿。

5. with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。如:

Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 他们听到这个消息,欣喜若狂。

He was shaking with anger. 他气得浑身发抖。

6. by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。

Her body was bent by age. 他因年老背弯了。

She took your umbrella by mistake. 我因弄错拿了你的雨伞。

7. because of 表示引起结果的直接原因。如:

He retired last month because of illness/because he ill.

8. owing to多表示引起某不良后果的原因。如:

Owing to the rain they could not come. 由于下雨他们没来。

9. thanks to表示引起某种幸运结果的原因,常译为“幸亏……,多亏……”。如:Thanks to John, we won the game. 多亏约翰,我们才赢了这场比赛。

10. out of表示动机的起因,常译为“出于……”。如:

He asked the question out of curiosity. 他出于好奇才问了那个问题。

11. through多表示因局部而影响全局的原因。如:

The war was lost through bad organization. 战争因组织不周而失败了。

■表示好像或当作的介词:like, as

1. like表示“像……一样”,其实不是。如:

Peter the Great, like his country, was strong and proud. 彼得大帝像他的国家一样强健和自豪。

2. as表示“作为,以……身份”,其实也是。如:

He talked to me as a father. 他以父亲的身份跟我谈话。

注:as作连词时,可表示“好像……”。如:The work is not so difficult as you imagin这工作不像你想像的那么困难。

■表示支持或反对的介词:against, for

against反对,for支持,互为反义词。如:

Are you for my idea or against it? 你赞同还是反对我的想法?

■表示除某人某物外的介词:besides, except

1. besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除……外,还”。如:

Thirty students went to the cinema besides him. 除他以外,还有30个学生去看了电影。(他和另外30人都去了) He is interested in tennis besides(=as well as)football. 除了足球,他还对网球感兴趣。

2. except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除去”。如(from https://www.sodocs.net/doc/2813438539.html,):

Everyone is excited except me. 除我以外的每个人都很激动。(他们激动,而我却不激动)

All the visitors are Japanese except him. 除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。(其他人是日本人,可他不是)注意:(A) except通常与表示全体的all, every连用;若与other连用,只能用besides。如:He had other people to take care of besides me. 除我之外,他还要照顾别人。

(B) except是排除同类;而except for是排除非同类,常在说明基本情况后,从细节上加上修正。如:

The composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes. 除了几处拼写错误之外,这篇作文整体还是不错的。(作文与拼写错误是非同类的)

但except for也可代替except,特别是在句首时,因为except是不能用于句首的。如:

Except George, you can all go. 除乔治外,你们都可以去。

英语基础语法·介词

1. 介词的定义

介词是一种用来表示词与词, 或者词与句之间的关系的词,在句中不能单独作句成分。介词一定要有宾语,充当宾语的一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其它词、短语或句子,短语或从句。

2. 介词的种类

(1)简单介词,如at, in off, on, by, to, with等。

(2)合成介词,如into, inside, within, throughout等。

(3)短语介词,如according to, because of, in addition to, in front of, in spite of等。

(4)二重介词,如from behind, from among, until after, at about等。

3. 介词的宾语

(1)名词:Let’s go for a walk along the river. 咱们到江边散散步。

(2)代词:He’s standing in front of me. 我站在我前面。

(3)形容词:Her pronunciation is far from perfect. 她的语音远不是完美的。

注:有的形容词前可看作是省略了being。

(4)动名词:He’s good at drawing.他善长绘画。

(5)过去分词:I took it for granted that she was for England.我还以为她是英国的。

注:过去分词作介词宾语只限于take…for granted 结构和用于regard…as后。

(6)不定式:I had no choice but to lie down. 除了躺下外我别无选择。

She did nothing but cry.她只是哭。

注:介词后通常是不能用不定式作宾语的,只有表示“除……外”的but, except 等个别介词能接不定式作宾语。前面有行为动词do时,不定式不用to,否则要带to。

(7)疑问词+不定式:I don’t know how to improve my English.我不知道如何提高我的英语水平。

(8)副词:I didn’t know it until recently. 直到最近我才知道此事。

(9)数词:He was among the first to arrive. 他是第一批到的。

(10)介词短语:She won’t go home until after the exam. 她要考完试之后再回家。

(11)从句:Think of what I said. 想想我说的话(from https://www.sodocs.net/doc/2813438539.html,)。

I’m worried about where he is. 我担心他上哪儿去了。

I have doubts about whether(不用if) he is the best man for the job. 我怀疑他是否做这项工作的最好人选。

He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.他除了抽烟太多之外,没有什么特别的毛病。

注:除except that, in that等后可接that从句外,通常只接连接代词、连接副词及whether引导的从句,也不接if 引导的从句。

4. 介词短语的作用

介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,其用法如下:

(1)作定语:The girl in red is my sister. 穿红衣的那个女孩是我妹妹。

注:介词短语作定语总是放在它所修饰的名词后面。

(2)作状语:Can you say it in English? 这个你会用英语说吗?

(3)作表语:He’s in the office. 他在办公室。

(4)作补语:I always find her at her studies. 我经常发现她在学习。

(5)作介词宾语:I saw her from across the street. 我从街对面望见了她。

常见“介词+名词/代词”短语

as a matter of fact 其实,事实as a result结果,因此as a rule通常

at a time 每次,一次at all events 无论如何at any rate无论如何,至少

at first sight 乍一看,初看起来at first起初at hand 在手边,在附近

at heart 在内心;实质上at home 在家,在国内at last终于

at least至少at length最后,详细地at no time 从不,决不

at once立刻at one time 同时,曾经,从前曾at present 目前,现在

at the moment 现在,此刻

by accidence/chance偶然by all means 无论如何,必定by hand 用手

by heart 牢记,凭记忆by means of 借助于,用by mistake 错误地

by no means 决不by oneself 独自地by reason of 由于

by the way顺便说

for (the) purpose of 为了for a moment 片刻,一会儿for a while一会儿

for example例如for instance 例如,举例说for one thing 首先,一则

for oneself为了自己for the moment 现在,暂时for the present目前,暂时

in (the) future 今后,将来in a hurry 匆忙地,立即in a moment 立刻,马上

in a sense从某种意义上说in addition 另外in any event无论如何

in case 假如,以防(万一) 免得in common共同,共有in conclusion总之

in danger 在危险中in debt欠债in detail详细地

in effect有效;实际上in fact 其实,实际上in general 通常,大体上

in half 成两半in hand 在掌握中,在控制中in line成一直线,排成一行

in nature 本质上in order 秩序井然,整齐in particular 特别地,尤其,详细地in person亲自in place在适当的位置in practice在实际中,实际上

in public公开地,当众in return作为报答,作为回报in secret 秘密地,私下地

in shape处于良好状态in sight被看到,在望in spite of 不管,不顾

in step同步,合拍in sum总而言之in tears流着泪,含泪,哭

in the distance在远处in the first place起初,首先in the last place最后

in the least 一点,丝毫in the long run 最终,从长远观点看in the past 在过去,以往

in time 及时

of course 当然off duty 下班on (the) one hand. . . 一方面……

on average平均,一般说来on business 因公,因事on duty 值班,上班

on earth 究竟,到底on fire烧着on foot 步行

on hand 在手边,临近on one’s own 独自地,独立地on one’s way在去某地的路上on purpose故意,有意on the other hand. . 另一方面…on the second thoughts 经重新考虑,一转念on the spot 当场,在现场on the telephone用电话on time准时

out of breath 喘不过气来out of control失去控制out of danger脱离危险

out of date 过期(时) 的out of order发生故障,失调out of place不得其所的,不适当的out of practice久不练习out of sight看不见,在视野之外out of step步调不一致,不协调to the point切中要害,切题under control被控制中up to date 时新的

as a result of由于……的结果in honor of以纪念,向……表示敬意in favo(u) r of 有利于,赞成,支持in front of 在……面前in line with与……一致,按照in place of 代替

in memory of纪念in the light of按照,根据in/with relation to 关系到

with respect to关于with the exception of 除……之外with the purpose of为了

“形容词+介词”短语

be absent for缺席be active in在某方面活跃be afraid of害怕

be angry at sth. 因某事生气be angry with sb. 对某人生气be anxious/eager for渴望

be bad for对……有害be busy with sth. 忙于某事be capable of 能

be content with满足于be delighted with因……感到高兴be different from与……不同be familiar with sth. 对……熟悉be famous for因……著名be far from离……远

be filled with装满be fit for适合be fond of喜爱

be full of充满be good at擅长于be good for对……有益

be interested in对……感兴趣be kind/good to sb. 对某人友好be pleased at/about因……感到高兴be pleased/satisfied with对……感到满意be popular with sb. 受某人欢迎be proud of为……感到自豪be short of缺少be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格be successful in在某方面成功be sure/certain of对……有把握be tired of厌卷be useful to对某人有益

be weak in在某方面差be worried about当心

一.选择最佳答案(表示时间关系的介词).

1.The plane arrived at London airport ______ Wednesday.

A. on

B. at

C. in

D. for

2.What do you usually do ________ Christmas?

A. on

B. at

C. in

D. for

3.Mrs Brown worded in the west of Australia ________ last summer?

A. /

B. on

C. in

D. since

4.The first class begins _______ 8 o’clock ______ the morning.

A. at/on

B. at/in

C. on /in

D. on/on

5._______the past two months he has been busy with his school work.

A. For

B. On

C. Since

D. At

6.________last Saturday, we had had two football matches with Class Two.

A. For

B. /

C. By

D. During

7.We will be in Nanjing _____ Tuesday ______Thursday.

A. on/ through

B. on/to

C. from/to

D. on./till

8.Mr Black will visit our new school building ______ two days.

A. before

B. after

C. at

D. in

9._______ the end of last spring Wang Hai joined the army _______ the end.

A. At/at

B. By/in

C. In /at

D. At /in

10.We will have a football match _____ this Saturday afternoon..

A. on

B. /

C. in

D. for

11.He came to see you _____ the evening of May 10th.

A. in

B. at

C. on

D. for

12.I’m afraid I gave you a lot of trouble ________ my stay here.

A. in

B. for

C. during

D. on

13.The singing group will have two performances ______ October.

A. after

B. since

C. /

D. for

14.The supermarket is open ______ midnight.

A. at

B. on

C. till

D. /

15.She didn’t go to work ______ that morning. She slept ______ noon.

A. /…till

B. on…till

C. at…at

D. /…at

16.He was ill _____ a week, and _______ the week he ate almost nothing .

A. for/at

B. for/during

C. during/during

D. for/for

17.Days are longer ______ summer than ___________ winter.

A. in/in

B. in/on

C. from/to

D. to/in

18.Children get presents ________ Christmas and ______ their birthday. Granny is coming for lunch________ Christmas day.

A. at/on/on

B. on/on/on

C. at/in/at

D. in/on/in

19.________ New Year’s eve people usually don’t go to bed until midnight.

A. At

B. On

C. For

D. In

20.Tom and Paul usually watch TV ______ weekends.

A. at

B. in

C. for

D. /

21.Every day the old man takes these children home _____ school.

A. at

B. to

C. from

D. after

22.Could you come to my office ________ the day after tomorrow.

A./

B. on

C. in

D. at

23.We had built three bridges over the river _______ the end of 1994.

A. at

B. on

C. for

D. by

24.Life will be better _____ the 21st century.

A. at

B. on

C. for

D. in

25.Do you often work late _____ night.

A. at

B. in

C. for

D. during

二.选择最佳答案(表示地点运动方向的介词).

1.I had a new card, and I didn’t write ________.

A. on it

B. it

C. in it

D. above it

2.There is a bridge ________ the river.

A. under

B. over

C. on

D. next

3.He said that he would meet us ____ the cinema.

A. in

B. at

C. on

D. in

4.There is a book store________ the street corner.

A. at

B. in

C. on

D. by

5.From the top of the teaching building we saw the lake ________ us.

A. under

B. over

C. below

D. above

6.There are many beautiful birds ______ the tree.

A. on

B. at

C. in

D. besides

7.It was written _______ page 20.

A. at

B. in

C. on

D. above

8.My house is _____ the two buildings, so we get little sunshine during the day.

A. between

B. among

C. in

D. at

9.Lucy is waiting _____ No.3 bus stop ________ her father.

A. for/for

B. for/at

C. at/for

D. at/at

10.Don’t talk so loud ________ table.

A. by

B. on

C. at

D. beside

11.Is there anything interesting ________ today’s newspaper?

A. in

B. on

C. at

D. /

12.Cars and buses travel _________ the road to the town.

A. on

B. along

C. in

D. by

13.Can you tell me who spoke ________ the meeting ?

A. at

B. along

C. in

D. for

14.My uncle lives ______ 208 Smith Street.

A. at

B. on

C. to

D. with

15.At last we reaches the village ______ the hill.

A. at the foot of

B. at foot

C. on foot of

D. in the foot from

16.Shanghai is _______ the east of China and Japan is _______the east of China.

A. to/to

B. to /in

C. in /to

D. in /in

17.________ the end of the street you can find the post office.

A. By

B. At

C. On

D. In

18.Do you often listen ________the programmes ________ the radio.

A. to/of

B. to /in

C. to/on

D. on /to

19.Please wait ________the office . Don’t come in until you are called.

A. in

B. into

C. inside

D. outside

20.Are you going to leave Guangzhou __________ Beijing?

A. for

B. to

C. from

D. in

21.The whale has a nose _______ the top of its head.

A. at

B. above

C. over

D. on

22.You must go _____ the bridge and then you will see the bank _________ the left.

A. over/on

B. to /by

C. to/on

D. over/at

23.There is a hole _______ the wall.

A. in

B. at

C. for

D. towards

24.Can you tell me the way ______ Shanghai Zoo?

A. to

B. at

C. for

D. towards

25.Bill kicked the ball too hard , and it went ________ the street ________ one of Mr. Smith’s windows.

A. across/on

B. through./on

C. across/through

D. to / through

三.选择最佳答案(注意与一些动词搭配使用的介词)

1.Thank you _______ your coming.

A. to

B. of

C. by

D. for

2.He spent a long time ______ the maths problem.

A. in

B. on

C. for

D. at

3.Mr Li is going to help him ________ his Chinese this afternoon.

A. with

B. on

C. by

D. at

4.How much did you pay ________ this book?

A. for

B. at

C. on

D. with

5.Please translate the sentence ______ English.

A. into

B. to

C. at

D. for

6.The price of the computer has been reduced________ 5%.

A. off

B. to

C. by

D. about

7.Please fill the bottle_______ tea.

A. by

B. with

C. for

D. in

8.The machines cut big pieces of metal ____small pieces.

A. in

B. by

C. to

D. into

9.Billy works hard at school and his teachers often praise him________ his hard work.

A. with

B. at

C. on

D. for

10.You must apologize _________ her for your rudeness.

A. to

B. at

C. on

D. with

11.I got angry and I threw a stone _______him.

A. to

B. towards

C. at

D. for

12.You can borrow the book ________ your school library.

A. from

B. to

C. for

D. at

13.I prefer coffee_______ tea.

A. over

B. to

C. for

D. than

14.Would you show me ________ your factory?

A. to

B. in

C. at

D. round

15.Don’t catch me ________ the arm. I have nothing to do ______the matter.

A. by/with

B. on/with

C. by/on

D. on/on

16.Help yourself_______ some fish. It tastes very nice.

A. with

B. on

C. in

D. to

17.Bill must deliver the newspapers________ people’s houses_________ all kinds of weather.

A. to/in

B. at/in

C. for/for

D. to/for

18.They haven’t decided________ the date for the next meeting.

A. for

B. by

C. in

D. on

19.Let me introduce her _______ you.

A. with

B. on

C. to

D. for

20.Li Ling fell _____ his bicycle this morning

A. on

B. down

C. off

D. to

21.I shouted______ her, but shi didn’t hear me.

A. to

B. at

C. on

D. for

22.Tom has made friends_____ many Chinese students.

A. with

B. to

C. by

D. among

23.After school, I often learn singing and dancing _______ hobbies.

A. /

B. on

C. in

D. for

24.LI Ming fell ill this morning, so he asked _______ leave.

A. from

B. for

C. on

D. in

25.I saw the man hit the boy _______ the face.

A. in

B. on

C. toward

D. by

四.选择最佳答案(注意介词的习惯用法)

1.Mr Li, shall I write _____ ink?

A. by

B. of

C. in

D. with

2.Can you find out the answer__________ these questions?

A. of

B. for

C. to

D. with

3.__________ his help, I passed the English test yesterday.

A. Under

B. Of

C. With

D. by

4.Don’t forget to bring your text book ______ you.

A. in B after C. with D. to

5.The people are waiting ____ the bus, and they ate standing ____ line.

A. for/on

B. for/in

C. at /on

D. at/in

6.Can you sing this song _____ English?

A. with

B. in

C. by

D. for

7.Who is the boy _____ blue trousers?

A. in

B. on

C. with

D. at

8.He decided to get some medicine_______ his cold.

A. to

B. of

C. on

D. for

9.The baby’s sleeping. Don’t speak_______ such a loud voice.

A. with

B. in

C. on

D. at

10.The old woman over there is blind _______ both eyes.

A. on

B. with

C. for

D. in

11.China is a large country _______ a long history.

A. for

B. in

C. by

D. with

12.We can’t live even for a few minutes______ air.

A. in

B. without

C. by

D. with

13.The soldiers are standing__________ a row.

A. in

B. on

C. by

D. with

14.She always serves her customers _______ a smile.

A. in

B. with

C. by

D. on

15.Don’t read _____ the sun. It’s bad _________ your eyes.

A. under/of

B. in/towards

C. in/ for

D. under/for

16.How many students go to school _____ foot?

A. by

B. in

C. on

D. with

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/2813438539.html,e here, and I want to have a word _______ you.

A. with

B. for

C. to

D. on

18._ ______ his great surprise, the experiment has turned out a success.

A. In

B. To

C. With

D. At

19.The girl______ dark hair and bright eyes is LiLi.

A. with

B. in

C. on

D. by

20.I heard the song_______ the radio. If you want to learn it, you may watch the MTV _______ Channel 8 tonight.

A. in; on

B. on; on

C. on; at

D. in; in

21.I saw the great changes ________ my own eyes.

A. in

B. by

C. on

D. with

22.You can cook a fish______ many ways.

A. in

B. by

C. with

D. for

23.I like the cross talk ________ Class Two best.

A. in

B. by

C. for

D. /

24.You can see taxis ___________ different colours and sizes in big cities.

A. of

B. with

C. for

D. /

25.Fangfang, here is a letter ______ you. It’s ________ your brother.

A. from/ to

B. for/ to

C. for/from

D. for/for

初中英语介词用法归纳总结

初中英语介词用法归纳总结 常用介词基本用法辨析 表示方位的介词:in, to, on 1. in 表示在某地范围之内。 Shanghai is/lies in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。 2. to 表示在某地范围之外。 Japan is/lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面。 3. on 表示与某地相邻或接壤。 Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. 蒙古国位于中国北边。 表示计量的介词:at, for, by 1. at 表示“以……速度”“以……价格”。 It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour. 它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。 I sold my car at a high price. 我以高价出售了我的汽车。 2. for 表示“用……交换,以……为代价”。 He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百元把车卖了。

注意:at表示单价(price) ,for表示总钱数。 3. by 表示“以……计”,后跟度量单位。 They paid him by the month. 他们按月给他计酬。 Here eggs are sold by weight. 在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。 表示材料的介词:of, from, in 1. of 成品仍可看出原料。 This box is made of paper. 这个盒子是纸做的。 2. from 成品已看不出原料。 Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。 3. in 表示用某种材料或语言。 Please fill in the form in pencil first. 请先用铅笔填写这个表格。They talk in English. 他们用英语交谈。 表示工具或手段的介词:by, with, on 1. by 用某种方式,多用于交通。 I went there by bus. 我坐公共汽车去那儿。 2. with表示“用某种工具”。

英语介词用法大全

英语介词用法大全 TTA standardization office【TTA 5AB- TTAK 08- TTA 2C】

介词(The Preposition)又叫做前置词,通常置于名词之前。它是一种虚词,不需要重读,在句中不单独作任何句子成分,只表示其后的名词或相当于名词的词语与其他句子成分的关系。中国学生在使用英语进行书面或口头表达时,往往会出现遗漏介词或误用介词的错误,因此各类考试语法的结构部分均有这方面的测试内容。 1. 介词的种类 英语中最常用的介词,按照不同的分类标准可分为以下几类: (1). 简单介词、复合介词和短语介词 ①.简单介词是指单一介词。如: at , in ,of ,by , about , for, from , except , since, near, with 等。②. 复合介词是指由两个简单介词组成的介词。如: Inside, outside , onto, into , throughout, without , as to as for , unpon, except for 等。 ③. 短语介词是指由短语构成的介词。如: In front of , by means o f, on behalf of, in spite of , by way of , in favor of , in regard to 等。 (2). 按词义分类 {1} 表地点(包括动向)的介词。如: About ,above, across, after, along , among, around , at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between , beyond ,by, down, from, in, into , near, off, on, over, through, throught, to, towards,, under, up, unpon, with, within , without 等。 {2} 表时间的介词。如: About, after, around , as , at, before , behind , between , by, during, for, from, in, into, of, on, over, past, since, through, throughout, till(until) , to, towards , within 等。 {3} 表除去的介词。如: beside , but, except等。 {4} 表比较的介词。如: As, like, above, over等。 {5} 表反对的介词。如: againt ,with 等。 {6} 表原因、目的的介词。如: for, with, from 等。 {7} 表结果的介词。如: to, with , without 等。 {8} 表手段、方式的介词。如: by, in ,with 等。 {9} 表所属的介词。如: of , with 等。 {10} 表条件的介词。如:

常用介词的用法

分考点1 表示时间的介词 Point 1 at, in, on 的用法 (1)at 的用法 At 表示时间点,用于具体的时刻(几点,正午,午夜,黎明,拂晓,日出,日落等),或把某一时间看作某一时刻的词之前以及某些节假日的词之前。 at 6:00 在6点钟 At noon 在中午 At daybreak 在拂晓 At down 在黎明 At Christmas 在圣诞节 【特别注意】在以下的时间短语中,at 表示时间段。 At dinner time 在(吃)晚饭时 At weekends/ the weekend 在周末 (2)in 的用法 ①表示时间段,与表示较长一段时间的词搭配,如年份,月份,季节,世纪,朝代,还可以用于泛指的上午、下午、傍晚等时间段的词前。 In 2009 在2009年 In April 在四月 In the 1990s 在20世纪90年代 In Tang Dynasty 在唐朝 In the morning在上午 ②后接时间段,用于将来时,表示“在一段时间之后”。 The film will begin in an hour. 电影将于一个小时之后开始。 【特别注意】当时间名词前有this,that,last,next,every,each,some等词修饰时,通常不用任何介词。 This morning 今天上午last year 去年 (3)on 的用法 ①表示在特定的日子、具体的日期、星期几、具体的某一天或某些日子。 On September the first 在9月1号 On National Day 在国庆节 We left the dock on a beautiful afternoon. 我们在一个明媚的下午离开了码头。 ②表示在具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上(常有前置定语或后置定语修饰)。 On Sunday morning 在星期日的早上 On the night of October 1 在10月1号的晚上 【特别注意】“on +名词或动名词”表示“一...就...”. On my arrival home/ arriving home, I discovered they had gone. 我一到家就发现他们已经离开了。 Point 2 in,after 的用法 In 和after都可以接时间段,表示“在...之后”,但in 常与将来时连用,after 常与过去时连用。 We will meet again in two weeks.

初中英语介词用法总结

初中英语介词用法总结 介词(preposition):也叫前置词。在英语里,它的搭配能力最强。但不能单独做句子成分需要和名词或代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语及从句)构成介词短语,才能在句中充当成分。 介词是一种虚词,不能独立充当句子成分,需与动词、形容词和名词搭配,才能在句子中充当成分。介词是用于名词或代词之前,表示词与词之间关系的词类,介词常与动词、形容词和名词搭配表示不同意义。介词短语中介词后接名词、代词或可以替代名词的词(如:动名词v-ing).介词后的代词永远为宾格形式。介词的种类: (1)简单介词:about, across, after, against, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beside, but, by, down, during, for, from, in, of, on, over, near, round, since, to, under, up, with等等。 (2)合成介词:inside, into, outside, throughout, upon, without, within (3)短语介词:according to, along with, apart from, because of, in front of, in spite of, instead of, owing to, up to, with reguard to (4)分词介词:considering, reguarding, including, concerning 介词短语:构成 介词+名词We go to school from Monday to Saturday. 介词+代词Could you look for it instead of me? 介词+动名词He insisted on staying home. 介词+连接代/副词I was thinking of how we could get there. 介词+不定式/从句He gives us some advice on how to finish it. 介词的用法: 一、介词to的常见用法 1.动词+to a)动词+ to adjust to适应, attend to处理;照料, agree to赞同,

with的用法大全

with的用法大全----四级专项训练with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述,以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。 一、 with结构的构成 它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成,复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语,复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当,第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当,分词可以是现在分词,也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下: 1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词; 2. with或without-名词/代词+副词; 3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语; 4. with或without-名词/代词+动词不定式; 5. with或without-名词/代词+分词。 下面分别举例:

1、 She came into the room,with her nose red because of cold.(with+名词+形容词,作伴随状语) 2、 With the meal over , we all went home.(with+名词+副词,作时间状语) 3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。(with+名词+介词短语,作伴随状语。) The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand. 4、He lay in the dark empty house,with not a man ,woman or child to say he was kind to me.(with+名词+不定式,作伴随状语) He could not finish it without me to help him.(without+代词 +不定式,作条件状语) 5、She fell asleep with the light burning.(with+名词+现在分词,作伴随状语) 6、Without anything left in the cupboard, she went out to get something to eat.(without+代词+过去分词,作为原因状语) 二、with结构的用法 在句子中with结构多数充当状语,表示行为方式,伴随情况、时间、原因或条件(详见上述例句)。

英语介词用法详解

英语常用介词用法与辨析 ■表示方位的介词:in, to, on 1. in 表示在某地范围之内。如: Shanghai is/lies in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。 2. to 表示在某地范围之外。如: Japan is/lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面。 3. on 表示与某地相邻或接壤。如: Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. 蒙古国位于中国北边。 ■表示计量的介词:at, for, by 1. at表示“以……速度”“以……价格”。如: It flies at about 900 kilometers a hour. 它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。 I sold my car at a high price. 我以高价出售了我的汽车。 2. for表示“用……交换,以……为代价”。如: He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百元把车卖了。 注意:at表示单价(price) ,for表示总钱数。 3. by表示“以……计”,后跟度量单位。如: They paid him by the month. 他们按月给他计酬。 Here eggs are sold by weight. 在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。 ■表示材料的介词:of, from, in 1. of成品仍可看出原料。如: This box is made of paper. 这个盒子是纸做的。 2. from成品已看不出原料。如: Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。 3. in表示用某种材料或语言。如: Please fill in the form in pencil first. 请先用铅笔填写这个表格。 They talk in English. 他们用英语交谈(from 。 注意:in指用材料,不用冠词;而with指用工具,要用冠词。请比较:draw in penc il/draw with a pencil。 ■表示工具或手段的介词:by, with, on 1. by用某种方式,多用于交通。如by bus乘公共汽车,by e-mail. 通过电子邮件。

with用法归纳

with用法归纳 (1)“用……”表示使用工具,手段等。例如: ①We can walk with our legs and feet. 我们用腿脚行走。 ②He writes with a pencil. 他用铅笔写。 (2)“和……在一起”,表示伴随。例如: ①Can you go to a movie with me? 你能和我一起去看电影'>电影吗? ②He often goes to the library with Jenny. 他常和詹妮一起去图书馆。 (3)“与……”。例如: I’d like to have a talk with you. 我很想和你说句话。 (4)“关于,对于”,表示一种关系或适应范围。例如: What’s wrong with your watch? 你的手表怎么了? (5)“带有,具有”。例如: ①He’s a tall kid with short hair. 他是个长着一头短发的高个子小孩。 ②They have no money with them. 他们没带钱。 (6)“在……方面”。例如: Kate helps me with my English. 凯特帮我学英语。 (7)“随着,与……同时”。例如: With these words, he left the room. 说完这些话,他离开了房间。 [解题过程] with结构也称为with复合结构。是由with+复合宾语组成。常在句中做状语,表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等。其构成有下列几种情形: 1.with+名词(或代词)+现在分词 此时,现在分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的主谓关系。 例如:1)With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries. 由于物价上涨很快,我们买不起高档商品。(原因状语) 2)With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace. 在人群的欢呼声中,他们驱车来到皇宫。(伴随情况) 2.with+名词(或代词)+过去分词 此时,过去分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。

超全的英语介词用法归纳总结

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3. by 表示“以……计”,后跟度量单位。 They paid him by the month. 他们按月给他计酬。 Here eggs are sold by weight. 在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。 表示材料的介词:of, from, in 1. of 成品仍可看出原料。 This box is made of paper. 这个盒子是纸做的。 2. from 成品已看不出原料。 Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。 3. in 表示用某种材料或语言。 Please fill in the form in pencil first. 请先用铅笔填写这个表格。They talk in English. 他们用英语交谈。 表示工具或手段的介词:by, with, on 1. by 用某种方式,多用于交通。 I went there by bus. 我坐公共汽车去那儿。 2. with表示“用某种工具”。 He broke the window with a stone. 他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。注意:with表示用某种工具时,必须用冠词或物主代词。

英语介词用法大全

介词用法大全(一) 一、口诀 早、午、晚要用in,at黎明、午夜、点与分。 年、月、年月、季节、周,阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。 将来时态in...以后,小处at大处in。 有形with无形by,语言、单位、材料in。 特征、方面与方式,心情成语惯用in。 介词at和to表方向,攻击、位置、恶、善分。 日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早、午、晚, 收音、农场、值日on,关于、基础、靠、著论。 着、罢、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付、相反,准。 特定时日和“一……就”,on后常接动名词。 年、月、日加早、午、晚,of之前on代in。 步行、驴、马、玩笑on,cab,carriage则用in。 at山脚、门口、在当前,速、温、日落、价、核心。 工具、和、同随with,具有、独立、就、原因。 就……来说宾译主,对、有、方状、表细分。 海、陆、空、车、偶、被by,单数、人类know to man。 this、that、tomorrow,yesterday,next、last、one。 接年、月、季、星期、周,介词省略已习惯。 over、under正上下,above、below则不然, 若与数量词连用,混合使用亦无关。‘ beyond超出、无、不能,against靠着,对与反。 besides,except分内外,among之内along沿。 同类比较except,加for异类记心间。 原状because of,、owing to、due to表语形容词 under后接修、建中,of、from物、化分。 before、after表一点, ago、later表一段。 before能接完成时,ago过去极有限。 since以来during间,since时态多变换。 与之相比beside,除了last but one。 复不定for、找、价、原,对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。 快到、对、向towards,工、学、军、城、北、上、南。 but for否定用虚拟,复合介词待后言。 ing型由于鉴,除了除外与包合。 之后、关于、在......方面,有关介词须记全。 in内to外表位置,山、水、国界to在前。 二、用法 如大体掌握如上介调用法口诀,就不易出错。当然,至于介词的详尽用法,同形词又是连词及副词等内容此章不讲。下面对该口诀分别举例帮助你理解消化。 早、午、晚要用in 例:in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上 in the day 在白天 at黎明、午、夜、点与分 例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明时候 at noon 在中午 at night 在夜间 at midnight 在午夜 以上短语都不用冠词

初中英语最全英语介词用法

表示方位的介词:in, to, on 1. in 表示在某地范围之内。 如:Shanghai is/lies in the east of China.上海在中国的东部。 2. to 表示在某地范围之外。 如:Japan is/lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面。 3. on 表示与某地相邻或接壤。 如:Mongolia is/lies on the north of China.蒙古国位于中国北边。 表示计量的介词:at, for, by 1. at表示“以……速度”“以……价格” 如:It flies at about 900 kilometers a hour.它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。 I sold my car at a high price. 我以高价出售了我的汽车。 2. for表示“用……交换,以……为代价”如:He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百元把车卖了。 注意:at表示单价(price) ,for表示总钱数。

3. by表示“以……计”,后跟度量单位 如:They paid him by the month. 他们按月给他计酬。 Here eggs are sold by weight. 在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。 表示材料的介词:of, from, in 1. of成品仍可看出原料 如:This box is made of paper. 这个盒子是纸做的。 2. from成品已看不出原料 如:Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。 3. in 表示用某种材料或语言 如:Please fill in the form in pencil first. 请先用铅笔填写这个表格。 They talk in English. 他们用英语交谈。 注意:in指用材料,不用冠词;而with指用工具,要用冠词。如:draw in pencil/draw with a pencil 表示工具或手段的介词:by, with, on 1、by用某种方式,多用于交通 如by bus乘公共汽车,by e-mail. 通过电子邮件。

介词with的用法大全

介词with的用法大全 With是个介词,基本的意思是“用”,但它也可以协助构成一个极为多采多姿的句型,在句子中起两种作用;副词与形容词。 with在下列结构中起副词作用: 1.“with+宾语+现在分词或短语”,如: (1) This article deals with common social ills, with particular attention being paid to vandalism. 2.“with+宾语+过去分词或短语”,如: (2) With different techniques used, different results can be obtained. (3) The TV mechanic entered the factory with tools carried in both hands. 3.“with+宾语+形容词或短语”,如: (4) With so much water vapour present in the room, some iron-made utensils have become rusty easily. (5) Every night, Helen sleeps with all the windows open. 4.“with+宾语+介词短语”,如: (6) With the school badge on his shirt, he looks all the more serious. (7) With the security guard near the gate no bad character could do any thing illegal. 5.“with+宾语+副词虚词”,如: (8) You cannot leave the machine there with electric power on. (9) How can you lock the door with your guests in? 上面五种“with”结构的副词功能,相当普遍,尤其是在科技英语中。 接着谈“with”结构的形容词功能,有下列五种: 一、“with+宾语+现在分词或短语”,如: (10) The body with a constant force acting on it. moves at constant pace. (11) Can you see the huge box with a long handle attaching to it ? 二、“with+宾语+过去分词或短语” (12) Throw away the container with its cover sealed. (13) Atoms with the outer layer filled with electrons do not form compounds. 三、“with+宾语+形容词或短语”,如: (14) Put the documents in the filing container with all the drawers open.

英语介词的分类及用法精编版

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near:近的,不远的 by:在...的旁边,比near的距离要近 between:在两者之间 among:在三者或者更多的之中 around:环绕,在...的周围,在....的四周 in front of:在...的前面 behind:在...后边 in:在..之内,用于表示静止的位置 into:进入 out of :和into一样,也表示有一定的运动方向 along:沿着 across:横过平面物体 through:贯通,通过 to :达到..地点目的地或方向 for:表示目的,为了..... from:从...地点起 其他介词 with:和..在一起; 具有,带有; 用某种工具或方法 in:表示用什么材料例如:墨水,铅笔等或用什么语言。表示衣着.声调特点时,不用with而用in。 by:通过...方法,手段 of:属于...的,表示...的数量或种类 from:来自某地,某人,以...起始 without:没有,是with的反义词 like :像...一样

初中 英语 介词“with”的用法

介词“with”的用法 1、同, 与, 和, 跟 talk with a friend 与朋友谈话 learn farming with an old peasant 跟老农学习种田 fight [quarrel, argue] with sb. 跟某人打架 [争吵, 辩论] [说明表示动作的词, 表示伴随]随着, 和...同时 change with the temperature 随着温度而变化 increase with years 逐年增加 be up with the dawn 黎明即起 W-these words he left the room. 他说完这些话便离开了房间。2 2、表示使用的工具, 手段 defend the motherland with one s life 用生命保卫祖国 dig with a pick 用镐挖掘 cut meat with a knife 用刀割肉3

3、说明名词, 表示事物的附属部分或所具有的性质]具有; 带有; 加上; 包括...在内 tea with sugar 加糖的茶水 a country with a long history 历史悠久的国家4 4、表示一致]在...一边, 与...一致; 拥护, 有利于 vote with sb. 投票赞成某人 with的复合结构作独立主格,表示伴随情况时,既可用分词的独立结构,也可用with的复合结构: with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。例如: He stood there, his hand raised. = He stood there, with his hand raise.他举手着站在那儿。 典型例题 The murderer was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 答案D. with +名词(代词)+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时,其主语常常用

常见介词用法

常见介词用法: 1)at,in,on在……范围 at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在……附近,旁边” in (1)表示在大地方; (2)表示“在…范围之内”。 on 表示毗邻,接壤 to 表示在……范围外,不强调是否接壤 He arrived at the station at ten. He is sitting at the desk. He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. Jiangsu lies in the east of China. Russia live on the north of China. Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province. 2)above, over, on 在……上 above 指在……上方,不强 调是否垂直,与below相 对; over指垂直的上方,与 under相对,但over与物体 有一定的空间,不直接接 触。 on表示某物体上面并与之 接触。 The bird is flying above my head. There is a bridge over the river. He put his watch on the 3)below, under 在……下 面 under表示在…正下方 below表示在……下,不一 定在正下方 There is a cat under the table. Please write your name below the line. 介词短语组织形式及实例: 一、介词+名词形式 第一组 by accident 偶然 on account of 因为,由于 in addition 另外 in addition to 除…… 之 外 in the air 在流行中,在传 播中 on (the/an) average 平 均,一般来说 on the basis of 根据, 在…… 的基础上 at (the) best 充其量,至多 for the better 好转,改善 on board 在船( 车、飞 机) 上 out of breath 喘不过气来 on business 因公,因事

小学英语介词用法大全

小学英语介词用法 1、小学英语介词at,in与on在时间方面的用法 at表示时间的一点; in表示一个时期; on表示特殊日子。 如: He goes to school at seven o’clock in the morning. 他早晨七点上学。 Can you finish the work in two days. 你能在两天内完成这个工作吗? Linda was born on the second of May. 琳达五月二日出生。 1). at后常接几点几分,天明,中午,日出,日落,开始等。如: at five o’clock (五点),at down (黎明),at daybreak (天亮),at sunrise (日出),at noon (中午),at sunset (日落),at midnight (半夜),at the beginning of the month (月初),at that time (那时),at that moment (那会儿),at this time of day (在一天的这个时候)。 2). in后常接年,月,日期,上午,下午,晚上,白天,季节,世纪等。如: in 2006(2006年),in May,2004 (2004年五月),in the morning (早晨/上午),in the afternoon (下午),in the evening (晚上),in the night (夜晚),in the daytime (白天),in the 21st century (21世纪),in three days (weeks/month)三天(周/个月),in a week (一周),in spring (春季)。 3). on后常接某日,星期几,某日或某周日的朝夕,节日,及有修饰语修饰的下午、晚上等。如: on Sunday (星期日),on a warm morning in April (四月的一个温暖的上午),on a December night (12月的一个夜晚),on that afternoon (那天下午),on the following night (下一个晚上),on Christmas afternoon (圣诞节下午),on October 1,1949 (1949年10月1日),on New Year’s Day (新年),on New Year’s Eve (除夕),on the morning of the 15th (15日的早上)等。

七年级常用介词用法和练习(含答案)

七年级英语几个常用介词用法归纳 .几个常用介词用法归纳 一)in 的用法: 1. 表示地点、位置,意思为“在……之中,在……里面”,例如: (1 )They often spend holidays in the country. 他们经常在乡下渡假。 (2)The children are playing in the yard. 孩子们在院子里玩耍。 2. 表示时间的范围,意为“在……时候”,如: (3)He gets up at six in the morning. 他早晨 6 点起床。 (4)The Second World War ended in 1 945 .第二次世界大战在 1 945年结束。 3. 表示时间的经过,意思为“在... 之后”,如: (5)Can you finish your work in a day? 你能用一天完成这项工作吗? (6)I ' II call back in ten minutes我10 分钟后再回电。 4. 表示状况、环境意为“在... 状态中,处在... 之中” (7)They live in peace. 他们过着平静的生活。 ( 8) I am in good shape. 我身体 状况良好。 5. 穿着,戴着 (9)I met a man in glasses there我在那遇到一个戴眼镜的人。 (10)That girls is in a red dress today.那个女孩今天穿着一件红裙子。 二)on 的用法: 1. 表示位置,意为“在……之上,在……的表面”,例如: (1)There is a pen on the table.桌子上有一支笔。 ( 2)Put it on the shelf. 把它放在书架上。 2. 表示穿戴,附着于 (3) She has a hat on her head她头上戴着帽子。 ( 4)Who will put a bell on the cat? 谁能把铃系在猫身上? 4. 表示时间,主要指特定的某一天( day ) ( 7)They arrived is Beijing on October 14th. 他们于10 月14 日到达北京。 ( 8)I sent my mother some beautiful flowers on her birthday. 在我母亲生日时,我送了她一些漂亮的花。 5. 表示状态,意为“在进行中,于……状态” ( 9)That house is on fire. 那座房子着火了。 ( 10)She is now on holiday. 她正在休假。 三)at 的用法: 1. 表示场所,原则at 使用在小地方arrive at ( 1 )Let meet at the station. 让我们在火车站见面。 (2)He stood at the end of the line. 他站在一排的最后。 2. 表示具体时间和在……岁时 (3)School begins at 8:00 a. m.学校上午8:00开始上课。 (4)He came to Beijing at the age of eighteen.他18 岁来北京。 3. 表示目标、方向 ( 5)They laughed at him. 他们嘲笑他。 ( 6)He shot at the bird. 他瞄准那只鸟射击。 4. 表示在从事……中 ( 7)He was still at work in the office. 他仍然在办公室工作。 ( 8)Children are at play. 孩子们正在玩。 5. 表示状态,在……状态中 (9)He is at rest in the bed.他正在床上休息。

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