英文回复信范例ResponseLetter

Dear Editors and Reviewers,

Thank you for your letter and comments on our manuscript titled “Temporal variability in soil moisture after thinning in semi-arid Picea crassifolia plantations in northwestern China” (FORECO_2017_459). These comments helped us improve our manuscript, and provided important guidance for future research.

We have addressed the editor’s and the reviewers’ comments to the best of our abilities, and revised text to meet the Forest Ecology and Management style requirements. We hope this meets your requirements for a publication.

We marked the revised portions in red and highlighted them yellow in the manuscript. The main comments and our specific responses are detailed below:

Editor:

Please explain how the results in this paper are significantly different from those in Zhu, X., He, Z.B., Du, J., Yang, J.J., Chen, L.F., 2015. Effects of thinning on the soil moisture of the Picea crassifolia plantation in Qilian Mountains. Forest Research. 28, 55–60.)

Response:We apologize for our earlier lack of clarity about the differences between our study and those in “Zhu, X., He, Z.B., Du, J., Yang, J.J., Chen, L.F., 2015. Effects of thinning on the soil moisture of the Picea crassifolia plantation in Qilian

Mountains. Forest Research. 28, 55–60” (named “previous article” below). Specifically, we found three main differences in the temporal variability and hydrological responses of soil moisture between our study and the “previous article”.

First, the scope of data analysis and use were different:The “previous article” just applied the one growing season data (from June 28th to October 25th 2013) from the natural forest and the plantations with no thinning and thinned in 20% intensity. In addition, the “previous article” also has not considered the effect of 40% thinning on the soil moisture of the Picea crassifolia plantation. However, in the present study, we applied four years data (from June 27th2012 to October 30th2015 in HD and NF; from January 1th 2014 to October 29th 2015 in MD and LD) from the natural forest and the plantations with no thinning, thinned in 20%, and thinned in 40% intensity to analysis the temporal variability and hydrological responses of soil moisture in semi-arid Picea crassifolia plantations in northwestern China.

Second, the content of the research wa s different: The “previous article” only considered the spatial and temporal dynamic changes of soil moisture, but did not involve the inter-annual, and seasonal dynamic changes of the soil moisture. In the present study, however, not only did we considered the effects of thinning on the spatial and temporal dynamic changes,the inter-annual changes, and seasonal dynamic changes of the soil moisture; but we also considered the changes in soil hydrological response after thinning.Our goals were to understand the changes in soil hydrological response and soil moisture dynamics, and to determine whether thinning management can effectively improve the state of soil moisture in the subalpine Picea

crassifolia plantations in the Qilian Mountains.

Third, the research purpose and the result were also different: The mainly purpose of the “previous article” was to preliminary explore the thinning on the plantation forest soil moisture, and they found that the intermediate thinning can significantly increase soil moisture content at the depth of 60 cm. However, they didn’t point out that which or what the thinning intensity or plantation density can be benefit to sustainability of planted forests in these water-limited regions. In this study, not only we did confirmed that the intermediate thinning can significantly increase soil moisture content at the deep soil layer, but we also found that high planting density was the main cause of severe soil moisture deficits in the long-term, and it could be mitigated by 20 - 40% thinning (~3139 trees ha-1).In addition, by investigating the effect of thinning on the soil hydrological response, we found that soil hydrological response may be temporarily modified by thinning according to changes in canopy structure, precipitation properties, and antecedent soil moisture conditions. Soil moisture in natural forest rapidly infiltrated into deep soil, which greatly improved the efficiency of precipitation use. Thinning significantly increased the capacity for soil infiltration, and moderate thinning intensity may be conducive to deep soil-water recharge. Further, according to the global circulation prediction models and trend analysis results and weather patterns, deep VSWC may increase if precipitation patterns shift to produce larger but less frequent rainfall events during the growing season, and this change will benefit growth of the vegetation planted at higher density in this semi-arid region.

Reviewer 1

I found the topic very interesting. The scientific (experimental) set-up is valid and the data is presented clearly, and analyzed in detail. My detailed comments are all in the attached pdf-file.

Response: Thank you for your encouraging remarks and valuable comments. We corrected our text according to your comments submitted in the attached pdf-file. Our responses to your comments are as follows:

Comments in attached pdf-file

1. Keywords: maybe re-consider “Rainfall”

Response:We fully agree that it is necessary to re-consider “Rainfall” in the Keywords section. In addition, the statement of “Rainfall” was corrected as “Soil hydrological response” (L31).

2. Ln. 37: Expand, i.e. why are these specific regions water-limited.

Response: We apologize for our earlier lack of clarity. To increase clarity, we have

re-written this sentence accordingly, and we have corrected “Grassland afforestation is critical in efforts to prevent wide-spread land degradation in arid and semi-arid regions of China (Chen et al., 2008a; Yang et al., 2014). However, sustainability of planted forests is severely limited by soil moisture conditions. Soil moisture is fundamental to sustainability in water-limited ecosystems (Newman et al., 2006; Yang et al., 2014).” as “Grassland af forestation is critical in efforts to prevent wide-spread land degradation in arid and semi-arid regions of China (Chen et al., 2008a; Yang et al., 2014), where rainfall is the main source of soil moisture, and where many vegetation restoration projects were implemented (Li, 2004). However, soil moisture is the most crucial factor to sustainability of planted forests in these water-limited ecosystems (Newman et al., 2006; Yang et al., 2014). (L35-40)”.

3. Ln. 47: What is meant by “statistical moments of so il moisture, such as mean and variance”?

Response: It is meant that changes to canopy structure due to large-scale clearings or intermediate disturbance events may lead to changes in the mean and the variance of the soil moisture. We amended our text to c larify, and now it reads: “Changes to forest canopy structure due to large-scale harvesting may lead to changes in soil properties, residual tree growth, and the mean and the variance of the soil moisture (Chen et al., 1993; Olchev et al., 2009; He et al., 2013; Kaarakka et al., 2014).” (L48-51).

4. Ln. 60: add “ecosystems” (instead of cosystem)

Response:T he statement of “cosystem” was corrected as “ecosystems” (L62).

5. Ln. 68: change “determining” to “affecting”

Response:The statement of “determining” was corrected as “affecting” (L71).

6. Ln. 71: Expand this sentence a bit. Growing season –where? At the studied region/area?

Response: To increase clarity, we have re-written this sentence accordingly (L71-75). And our studied region/area is also experiencing this precipitation patterns, with larger but less frequent rainfall events during the growing season, and more frequent extreme hydrological events.

7. Ln. 74–80: Heisler-White, He et al. and Sun et al. →showed where, in what type of ecosystem, how does it relate to the studied one, i.e. elaborate more on how these studies relate to the current one.

Response:That was an excellent suggestion, and we have made revisions according to your comments (L78-80, L83, L85-86).The study of Heisler-White et al. (2008)

provides a background knowledge of the supply of the precipitation on soil profile. The studies of He et al. (2012) and Sun et al. (2015)investigated the soil moisture dynamics of typical ecosystems (forestland, shrubland, grassland, and meadows) in response to precipitation, which can provide a reference for our research.

提供背景知识，了解降水对土壤的补给情况；He et al. and Sun et al.的研究研究了祁连山天然植被（林地、草地和灌丛）的土壤水分情况，是本文章研究的基础。The response of soil moisture to rainfall event size in subalpine grassland and meadows in a semi-arid mountain range: A case study in northwestern China’s Qilian Mountains

Sun, F., Lü, Y., Wang, J., Hu, J., Fu, B., 2015. Soil moisture dynamics of typical ecosystems in response to precipitation: A monitoring-based analysis of hydrological service in the Qilian Mountains. Catena 129, 63-75.

8. Ln. 98: ponderosa →Ponderosa

Response:The statement of “ponderosa” was corrected as “Ponderosa” (L97).

9. Ln. 118–121: what is meant by “Tianbao”. Re-phrase this sentence, not sure what is meant by “returning the grain areas..” Refers to shift from agriculture to forestry?

Response: Thank you for your valuable suggestions. We amended our text to clarify,

and now it reads: “In recent decades, with the implementation of projects Natio nal Forest Conservation Program, “Grain for Green” program, and others and others, the area of planted vegetation in the Qilian Mountains has increased significantly (Li, 2004), and many semi-arid grasslands were converted to Picea crassifolia plantation forests (He et al., 2012).” (L128-132).

10. Ln. 124: Remove “growth efficiency”

Response: The “growth efficiency” was removed (L134).

11. Ln. 125: What is “weak stability” in this context –soil moisture or something else?

Response:We were happy to cl arify the idea of a “weak stability of the ecosystem”, which meant that the stability of the whole ecological system will show a decreasing trend with vegetation succession. To increase the validity of this point, we included literature sources that related to the stability of the ecosystem (Yue and Ma, 1991; Sankaran and McNaughton, 1999; Jiang et al., 2002), and the bases on which stability was evaluated: (1) suitability for local environmental conditions, (2) the resistance to and the ability to recover from an external disturbance, (3) the ability of self-renewal and normal development, and (4) having a relatively stable population structure.

12. Ln. 126: Replace: “enhancement”→“Improving the stability of the system”

Response: The statement of “Enha ncement of the stability in this system” was corrected as “Improving the stability of the system” (L136).

13. Ln. 163: What is meant by “limited number of Larix” – maybe add a stem density estimate?

Response:Thank you for your valuable suggestions. We added a stem density to clarify, and now it reads: “The vast, recently afforested areas had a high stand density around 4500 trees ha-1, and contained a limited number of Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr trees (around 210 trees ha-1).” (L172-174).

14. Ln. 165: Remove “management”

Response: The “management” was removed (L175).

15. Ln. 166–167: last sentence of the paragraph needs re-phrasing →The thinning aimed to remove poor-growing trees as well those lacking vigor. What is meant by “fish-scale pit”, if this a regional term, define it. Does density in this context refer to stand density (i.e. to the density of the trees in a given area, in the pit)?

Response:That was an excellent suggestion, and we have made revisions according to your comments (L167-177). The “fish-scale pit” in this study is a regional term and meant that “the pit of the plant trees”. In addition, the density in this context refer to stand density of the trees in a given area.

16. Ln. 169: Rephrase. Maybe something like: “In ea rly August 2013, a survey was carried out in the P. crassifolia plantation and in the nearby/adjacent natural P. crassifolia stand, which at the time of sampling were 31 and 41 years, respectively. Selected stands had similar site conditions.”

Response:That was an excellent suggestion, and we have made revisions according to your comments (L182-185).

17. Ln. 176–177: Remove “except for the gathering of wild mushrooms between July and August”

Response:The “except for the gathering of wild mushrooms between July and August” was removed (L190).

18. Ln. 198: Change to “a soil pit with the dimensions of”

Response:The statement of “a soil pit with a dimensions of” was corrected as “a soil

pit with the dimensions of” (L210).

19. Ln. 199: Change 5 →“five”

Response:the statements of “5” was corrected as “five” (L212).

20. Ln. 204–205: What is meant by “the accepted range of soil temperature change”?( -40 to +60 C) temperature change in the soil or where? If in the soil, why such extreme numbers?

Response: 这个只是仪器的测定范围，研究区土壤温度在什么什么范围（各个图层的都加加上），所以用该仪器可以保证所测区域温度准确。

21. Ln. 206: Remove “nearly-original”

Response:The “nearly-original” was removed (L?).

22. Ln. 212: Why was this data (2014–2015) not available? Maybe add an explanation.

Response:The 80-cm data from the NF stand were not available for the 2014 and 2015 growing season due to the volumetric water content and temperature ECH2O

sensor at this layer was damaged. And we added an explanation at the line of L225-227.

23. Ln. 214: Equation →equations

Response:T he statement of “equation” was corrected as “equation s” (L229).

24. Ln. 192: Add “Total nitrogen (Ntot)” use that for total nitrogen rather than “TN” (Ln. 268)

Response: The statement of “total nitrogen” was corrected as “Total nitrogen (N tot)”, and we use “N tot”rather than “TN” in the following parts (L205).

25. Ln. 268: Rephrase so that the reader understands that the SOC and Ntot varied with thinning intensity –maybe →..”soil depths tended to decrease with increased thinning intensity, while soil bulk density tended to increase.”

Response:Thank you for your valuable suggestions. We amended our text to clarify, and now it reads: “Generally, SOC and N tot in all sampled soil depths tended to decrease with increased thinning intensity, while soil bulk density tended to increase” (MS, L283-284).

26. Ln. 273–274: Rephrase so that there will be less repetition.

Response:We have re-written this part accordin g to the Reviewer’s suggestion (L270-281).这句感觉没有重复。

27. Ln. 287: Considered rephrasing “improving the utilization efficiency of precipitation”. Efficiency of the soil, stand?

Response:thus improving the utilization efficiency of precipitation for soil.

28. Ln. 334–336: Here, the data is well presented, sums the results for the reader (for VSWC)

Response:除了10 cm外，NF在其他各个图层土壤水分最高。Soil moisture content changed drastically after thinning, with a significant decrease near-surface (10 cm), and a significant increase in sub-surface (60 and 80 cm) soil.

29. Ln. 339: Change the other “HD” to “LD” and remove “LD” from the end of the sentence.

Response:We agree, and we have re-written this part according to the Reviewer’s

suggestion (L320-322).

30. Ln. 391: One percentage seems to be missing?

Response:查一下文献，加上具体的百分比。Moreover, successive rainfall events enable a faster wetting of canopies, a 391 higher degree of saturation of canopy water storage, and longer periods of 392 throughfall (Crokford and Richardson, 2000; Lozano-Parra et al., 2015).

31. (Ln. 393: Maybe rephrase →Evaporation is limited by energy availability)

Response: According to your suggestions, the statements of “Further, in wet conditions, evaporation from wet surfaces is lower due to limited energy availability” was corrected as “Further, in wet conditions, evaporation is limited by energy availability” (L?-?).

32. Ln. 397: Rephrase: “soil”→“soils”, “has”→“have”

Response:T he statement of “soil” was corrected as “soils”, and the statement of “has” was corrected as “have” (L?-?).

33. Ln. 421–425: Repetition here →summarize.

Response:That was an excellent suggestion, and we have made revisions according to your comments (MS, L11).

We agree, and we have re-written this part according to the Reviewer’s suggestion (L320-322).

We have re-written this part according to the Reviewer’s suggestion (L270-281).

34. Ln. 478: “was”→“is”

Response:T he statement of “was” was corrected as “is” (L?-?).

35. Discussion-section, although well-written, needs a bit of “compressing”. There are repetitive sentences that can easily be removed. Furthermore, all the numbers (for example canopy interception ln. 377–378) should be reported in the results-section.

Response:That was an excellent suggestion, and we have made revisions according to your comments (MS, L11). In addition, all the numbers (for example canopy interception ln. 377–378) have been reported in the results-section.

Reviewer 2

General comments:

In manuscript entitled “Temporal variability in soil moisture after thinning in semi-arid Picea crassifolia plantations in northwestern China”, the authors analyzed long-term effects of three thinning intensities in Picea crassifolia plantations on soil hydrological responses and soil moisture dynamics at different soil depths, and compared them to those of a natural Picea crassifolia forest, which is a subject that is of relevance for “Forest Ecology and Management”. This study is valuable and interesting to provide a better understanding of the eco-hydrological consequences of the forest stand thinning in semi-arid grasslands afforestation forest, and I think that this manuscript could be accepted for publication after a moderate revision.

Response: Thank you for the helpful comments, which allowed us to improve our manuscript. We made the revisions accordingly. The main corrections and the responses to your comments follow:

Specific suggestions:

1. Generally, the manuscript is well written and structured, but the manuscript needs careful editing with attention to the use of the term, i.e., P. crassifolia-> Picea crassifolia.

Response: We agree, and we have corrected “P. crassifolia” as “Picea crassifolia” in all parts of this MS (MS, L81-82).

2. L42, the statements of “canopy structures” should be corrected as “canopy structure”.

Response: The stateme nt of “canopy structures” was corrected as “canopy structure” (L44).

3. L63, “many” should be deleted.

Response:“many” was deleted (L65).

4. L113-114, a section in the introduction on the silvics of and soil characteristics preferred by Picea crassifolia would have helped the reader not familiar with the species.

Response:That was an excellent suggestion, and we have added information on silvics and the preferred soil characteristics of Picea crassifolia(L119-122, L619-622).

5. L116-118, I find the reason for spruce decline entirely as a result of exploitation. From 1949 to 1999, the temperature did rise to severely affect the spruce but over cutting and converting to other uses did increase. We too often provide fodder for climate change deniers by over claiming the impact of climate change. Climate

change will impact future spruce stands especially those in the transitional areas.

Response:We agree that, in transitional areas, climate change will also have an important impact on these spruce stands. After careful checking of historical materials, we found that the reduction of the Qinghai spruce forest area was the result of a combination of climate change and human activities. We have re-written this part to clarify this point (L125-126).

6. L120, the statements of “planted” should be corrected as “man-made”. Response: T he statement of “planted” was corrected as “man-made” (L128).

7. L121, the “semi-arid grasslands” represents original vegetation or consequence of deforestation and global warming?

Response:Thank you for this observation. In our study area, the semi-arid grasslands are the original vegetation.

8. L125, I do not understand what “weak stability of the ecosystem” is. I think this term needs to be defined and on what basis is it evaluated.

Response:We were happy to clarify the idea of a “weak stability of the ecosystem”, which meant that the stability of the whole ecological system will show a decreasing

trend with vegetation succession. To increase the validity of this point, we included literature sources that related to the stability of the ecosystem (Yue and Ma, 1991; Sankaran and McNaughton, 1999; Jiang et al., 2002), and the bases on which stability was evaluated: (1) suitability for local environmental conditions, (2) the resistance to and the ability to recover from an external disturbance, (3) the ability of self-renewal and normal development, and (4) having a relatively stable population structure.

9. L148-150, as the climate is changing over what years are these long-term climatology values calculated for?

Response: These long-term climatology values were calculated from years 1994 to 2014 (L158).

10. In L156, L160 “shaded and semi-shaded”, these were unclear to me. Did they represent slope aspect？How did you define them? Thus, it is necessary to explain them in detail.

Response:In the study, north-facing slopes were defined as shaded, south-facing slopes were defined as sunny, southeast-facing or south by southwest-facing slopes were defined as semi-sunny, and northwest-facing slopes or northeast by north-facing slopes defined as semi-shady. We clarify this in the manuscript as well (L177-180).

11. L161, what is the approximate total area? What is the proportion of afforested grasslands in relation to the original area.

Response: We determined from statistics published by a local forestry bureau that the grassland accounted for about 45% of the study area, and the proportion of afforested grasslands in relation to the original area was about 50% (L134-137).

12. Site description (L144-167), this parts should include the description of the soil properties in study area.

Response: We agree with the reviewer's comments and added the description of the soil properties in Site description section (L?-?).

13. L169-170, how did you estimate the stand age? For this study, correctly determining the stand age of the nature and plantation forest are critical to provide a forest management reference in this semi-arid region.

Response:首先是通过当地林业部门的造林资料进行了解；其次，通过树芯来判断林龄。

14. L173, whether natural forest is thinning or not? Unclear.

英语各种信件写作范文

应用文写作 经典信件背诵 —、辞职信( Letter of Resignation) 1.提出辞职； 2. 说明原因，表示遗憾或感谢； 3. 期盼回复Dear Mr. Wang, I am writing to inform you of my intention of withdrawing from my current position of this l magazine. Though having worked here for merely two months, I unfortunately find that this job is quite different from my expectation.First of all, I have to say that my salary is far from satisfying, which barely sustain s me in this expensive city. Moreover, so far I have never had the responsibiLity of any challenging task. I apologize in advance for any inconvenience it might bring to you. Sincerely, Li Ming 尊敬的王先生： 我给您写这封信是想辞去我目前在杂志中的职位。 尽管我在这里仅仅工作了两个月，但是我发现这份工作并不符合我的预期。首先，我的工资远远不能令人满意，使我在这个物价水平高昂

的城市中生活艰难。此外，到目前为止，我没有机会负责任何具有挑战性的工作。 我为对此可能给您带来的不便致歉。 您真诚的， 李明 Dear Mr. Smith, I am sorry to inform you by this letter that I plan to resign my present job in the next month. The main reason is that I will move to Qingdao to live permanently with my family, as Qingdao is my 1 hometown. Looking back upon my five-year experience in this organization, I have had a very happy and enjoyable time working with you and other colleagues, from whom I have received lots of help and have learnt much. Please accept my sincere gratitude, as well as my regret for not being able to serve here any I longer. Yours faithfully, Li Ming 尊敬的史密斯先生： 通过这封信我很遗憾地告诉您我计划在下个月辞去目前的工作，

英语投诉信范文.doc

英语投诉信范文 Directions: You found something wrong with the telephone bill you have received from the local post office. You made a call to inquire about this; however the person who answered the call was very rude. Write a letter of complaint to the manager of the post office, explaining the situation and giving your suggestions for improvement. Your letter should be no less than 100 words. You do not need to write the address. Don’t sign your own name at the end of the letter, use Donna instead. 英文投诉信模板 Dear ______, ①I am ______（自我介绍）. ②I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about. ③The reason for my dissatisfaction is ______（总体介绍）. ④In the first place, ______（抱怨的第一个方面）. ⑤In addition, ______（抱怨的第二个方面）. ⑥Under these circumstances, I find it ______（感觉）to______（抱怨的方面给你带来的后果）. ⑦I appreciate it very much if you could ______（提出建议和请求）, preferably ______（进一步的要求）, and I would like to have this matter settled by ______（设定解决事情最后期限）. ⑧Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 范文 Dear Sir I am writing to let you know the deplorable attitude of one of your staff member. I received my telephone bill for the previous month from you and thought there were some errors in calculation: I had been overcharged for two overseas calls. However, when I called your Complaints Department, the girl who answered my phone was very rude. For one thing she interrupted me continually, for another she even said that the fault was my own. Needless to say, such a way of dealing with customers is unacceptable. I would like to suggest that the girl in question should be disciplined, and instructed on the proper way to deal with clients. And I hope she can make formal apology to me. An early response will be appreciated. Sincerely yours,

英文投诉信范文.

英文投诉信 【写法指要】 投诉信（letters of complaint）通常是写给厂家、商店、消费者协会、报界或厂家、商店的上级主管部门，揭发产品质量的低劣、服务态度的糟糕，抱怨不应出现的情况或问题等，以求得解决的信件。写投诉信要实事求是地把问题讲清楚，态度要冷静，做到有礼貌，不能恶言伤人。 这封信的作者用的是对比法，先写学校的地理位置和原先学校的优美环境，后写化工厂建起后对学校造成的污染，最后提请报界呼吁保护环境的问题。写得有理有据，令人信服。英文投诉信怎么写 投诉信结构公式 右上角：日期 左上角：称呼 正文： 第一段：表明自己的身份，说明写信目的，因何事投诉何人或机构。 第二段：具体阐述投诉的内容和投诉的理由。 第三段：提出解决建议并期望尽快解决，表示感谢。 右下角：署名 下面是一封日常投诉信的范例，请大家体会一下。 Dear Sir/Madam, Please send us a correction on part of our order WP-11. All the items we ordered arrived in excellent condition except for one model. It you refer to our original order (see the copy attached), you will note that we requested your fluorescent desk-lamps, Model 606. However, Model 608 reached us instead. For details, please see the inspection certificate issued by the Tianjin Commodity Inspection Bureau. Will you kindly take back those you sent out and substitute them with an equal quantity (120 items) of Model 606? We would appreciate your attention to this matter promptly. Yours faithfully 英文投诉信模板 Dear_______, I am ______ (自我介绍) .I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about_____. The reason for my dissatisfaction is _______(总体介绍). In the first place,_______(抱怨的第一个方面). In addition, ___________(抱怨的第二个方面). Under these circumstances, I find it ________ (感觉)_______(抱怨的方面给你带来的后果). I appreciate it very much if you could _______(提出建议和请求), preferably ______(进一步的要求),and I would like to have this matter settled by ____(设定解决事情最后期限). Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely Li Ming 英文投诉信格式

英文书信写作格式

英文书信写作格式 1、英文书信写作的五项基本原则 这五项基本原则是：consideration, conciseness, clarity, courtesy, correctness。即：体贴、简明、清晰、礼貌、正确。 2、英文书信的结构 信头(heading)：包括写信人地址和写信日期。位置在信笺的右上角。地址从小到大，按单位换行，比如第一行写门牌号和街道，第二行写城市和省（州），第三行写国家和邮政编码。日期按照下列格式：june 1,XX(美国），1 june,XX（英国）。 封内地址(inside address)：如果是比较正式的信函，信笺上还要写上对收信人的称呼和他的地址。它一般位于信头的下方，信笺的左边顶格的位置。 称呼(salutation)：封内地址低两行，靠左边顶格自成一行。如果是公函，则称呼对方的职位，如果是一般朋友则可称呼为my dear xx，如果是比较熟悉的朋友则可以用dear xx。

正文(the body)：有什么写什么即可。但注意五项基本原则。 结尾词和签名(complmentary close and signature)：一般信函的结尾词用yours sincerely/truely/faithfully)。如果是公函则以yours respectfully结尾为多。亲密一些的私人信件则可以根据情况以yours ever/ affectionaely，love,等结尾。结尾词下方要求手写签名，手写签名下方打印签名。 附件和再启(enclosure and postscript)：如果有附件，则可以按照这样的格式写：enclosure: xxx。如果有另外的事情需要补充，则可以用p.s.开头，表示“又启，又及”的意思。 信封的格式(superscription)：写信人的姓名地址位于信封左上角（或信封背面中上方）。收信人的姓名地址位于信封中央或偏右。 收转：在收信人姓名下方写上收转人的姓名，并在前面写上c/o字样。

投诉信回信(complain letter)英文

View：This page can be viewed as a slideshow: Introduction:Letters of complaint usually include the following stages: Background Problem - cause and effect Solution Warning (optional) Closing Background This section describes the situation; e.g. I am writing to inform you that the goods we ordered from your company have not been supplied correctly.I attended your exhibition Sound Systems 2011 at the Fortune Hotel (22-25 January) and found it informative and interesting. Unfortunately, my enjoyment of the event was spoiled by a number of organisational problems.I am a shareholder of Sunshine Bank and I am very concerned regarding recent newspaper reports on the financial situation of the bank. Your company is listed as the auditor in the latest annual report of the bank, so I am writing to you to ask for an explanation of the following issues.I am writing to inform you of my dissatisfaction with the food and drinks at the 'European Restaurant' on 18 January this year. Problem 1.Cause: On 28 March 2011 we placed an order with your firm for 12,000 ultra super long-life batteries. The consignment arrived yesterday but contained only 1,200 batteries. Firstly , I had difficulty in registering to attend the event. You set up an on-line registration facility, but I found the facility totally unworkable .You sent us an invoice for $10,532, but did not deduct our usual 10% discount .We have found 16 spelling errors and 2 mis-labelled diagrams in the sample book. 2.Effect: This error put our firm in a difficult position, as we had to make some emergency purchases to fulfil our commitments to all our customers. This caused us considerable inconvenience.Even after spending several wasted hours trying to register in this way, the computer would not accept my application.I am therefore returning the invoice to you for correction.This large number of errors is unacceptable to our customers, and we are therefore unable to sell these books. Solution I am writing to ask you to please make up the shortfall immediately and to ensure that such errors do not happen again.Could I please ask you to look into these matters.Please send us a corrected invoice for $9,479I enclose a copy of the book with the errors highlighted. Please re-print the book and send it to us by next Friday. Warning (optional) Otherwise, we may have to look elsewhere for our supplies.I'm afraid that if these conditions are not met, we may be forced to take legal action.If the outstanding fees are not paid by Wednesday, 13 April 2011, you will incur a 10% late payment fee. Closing:look forward to receiving your explanation of these matters.I look forward to receiving your payment.I look forward to hearing from you shortly. Politeness；he tone of complaint letters should not be aggressive or insulting, as this would annoy the reader and not encourage them to solve the problem. In addition, questions such as 'Why can't you get this right?' should not be included. Content The content should contain enough details so that the receiver does not have to write back requesting more. Legal action is not normally threatened in the first letter of complaint, unless the situation is very serious. Adjustment letter Acknowledging receipt of a complaint letter ；hank you for your letter of … regarding / concerning / in connection with … I refer to your letter of … about / relating to … Apology for the error or fault；We must apologise for …；We sincerely apologise for … ；Please accept our apologies for … ；I would like to apologise for the error made by our company in (verb+ing)； Accepting the Complaint We agree that the usual high standards of our products / services were not met in this instance. ； A short explanation of the fault ；Introductory phrase；As a result of our investigation, we found that... (Not: After our investigation...) Causes :The error was caused by … / was due to … ；Apparently, the problem was the result of … / resulted from … ；The cause of / reason for the mistake was …

英语书信写作16篇

Letter-writing 1. You successfully passed a job interview. You are expected to start on November 15, but you will not be available on that date. Task: Write a letter to your new boss, explaining your situation, expressing your concern and suggesting a solution. Dear Sir/Madam, I am Leonardo Gomes and I have recently passed a job interview for the Software Engineer position at the Software Infrastructure group. I was expected to start on November 15, as agreed, and am writing because, unfortunately, I will not be able to present myself on that date. During the interview I estimated fifteen days as the amount of time needed for me to finish my activities at my current job and start at your company, but due to fact that I got sick for the last whole week and was not able to work, I could not finish my tasks and will need another week to do so. If necessary, I can give you a copy of a letter from my doctor informing that I had to stay at home and under medical care during that week. I sincerely apologize for the inconvenience and hope this will not affect our relationship. If I am expected to present any other form of proof or talk to someone else in the company, please let me know. Faithfully yours, Leonardo 2. You stayed at your friends’ house when you partici pated in a business seminar in Australia. You left a file with important documents in your room. Task: Write a letter to your friend, describing the file and ask him/her to return it to you by post. My dearest Philip, I am sorry I am writing only now. Firstly, I would like to thank you for all the attention and support you gave me while I was in Sydney. Things like that are priceless and all I can give you is my gratitude. I expect you and Ingrid to come to Rio soon, so that I try to somehow propiciate equaly joyful moments as those youpropiciated to me. I am writing also, because of the fact that I forgot a very important document in the room where I stayed at your house.

(完整版)外贸英文邮件范文(免费版)

外贸业务全套英文邮件 第一步 1. 向顾客推销商品 Dear Sir: May 1, 2001 Inquiries regarding our new product, the Deer Mountain Bike, have been coming in from all parts of the world. Reports from users confirm what we knew before it was put on the market - that it is the best mountain bike available. Enclosed is our brochure. Yours faithfully 2. 提出询价 Dear Sir: Jun.1, 2001 We received your promotional letter and brochure today. We believe that your would do well here in the U.S.A. Kindly send us further details of your prices and terms of sale. We ask you to make every effort to quote at competitive prices in order to secure our business. We look forward to hearing from you soon.. Truly 3. 迅速提供报价 Dear Sir: June 4, 2001 Thank you for your inquiry of June the 1st concerning the Deer Mountain Bike. It gives us great pleasure to send along the technical information on the model together with the catalog and price list. After studying the prices and terms of trade, you will understand why we are working to capacity to meet the demand. We look forward to the opportunity of being of service of you. 交易的契机 4. 如何讨价还价 Dear Sir: June 8, 2001 We have received your price lists and have studied it carefully. However, the price level in your quotation is too high for this market, If you are prepared to grant us a discount of 10% for a quantity of 200, we would agree to your offer. You should note that some price cut will justify itself by an increase in business. We hope to hear from you

英语投诉信模板和范文

英文投诉信模板以及范文 一、英文投诉信模板 Dear ______, ①I am ____（自我介绍）. ②I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about____. ③The reas on for my dissatisfaction is __（总体介绍）. ④In the first place, ___（抱怨的第一个方面）. ⑤In addition, ___（抱怨的第二个方面）. ⑥Under these circumstances, I find it ______（感觉）to______（抱怨的方面给你带来的后果）. ⑦I appreciate it very much if you could ______（提出建议和请求）,

preferably ______（进一步的要求）, and I would like to have this matter settled by ______（设定解决事情最后期限）. ⑧Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, Li Ming ^

二、英文投诉信范文 (Letters of Complaint) 【例一】 ; Dear Sir: With reference to our order No. W 98, the 120 computer sets supplies to the above order were delivered the day before yesterday, but

英语邮件写作

一、写英文商务邮件必备的9大黄金句子 1. Initiate a meeting 发起会议 I would like to hold a meeting in the afternoon about our development planning for the project A。今天下午我建议我们就A项目的发展计划开会讨论一下。 I suggest we have a call tonight at 9:30pm (China Time) with you and Brown. Please let me know if the time is okay for you and Ben。我建议我们今晚九点半和Brown小聚一下，你和Ben有没有空？We’d like to have the meeting on Thu Oct 30. Same time。十月三十号(周四)，老时间，开会。 Let’s make a meeting next Monday at 5:30 PM SLC time。下周一盐湖城时区下午五点半开会。 I want to talk to you over the phone regarding issues about report development and the XX project。我想跟你电话讨论下报告进展和XXX项目的情况。 2. Seeking for more information/feedbacks/suggestions 咨询信息/反馈/建议 Shall you have any problem accessing the folders, please let me know. 如果存取文件有任何问题请和我联系。 Thank you and look forward to having your opinion on the estimation and schedule。谢谢你，希望能听到更多你对评估和日程计划的建议。 Look forward to your feedbacks and suggestions soon。期待您的反馈建议！ What is your opinion on the schedule and next steps we proposed 你对计划方面有什么想法？下一步我们应该怎么做？ What do you think about this 这个你怎么想？ Feel free to give your comments。请随意提出您的建议。 Any question, please don’t hesitate to let me know。有任何问题，欢迎和我们联系。 Any question, please let me know。有任何问题，欢迎和我们联系。 Please contact me if you have any questions。有任何问题，欢迎和我们联系。 Your comments and suggestions are welcome! 欢迎您的评论和建议！ Please let me know what you think 欢迎您的评论和建议！ Do you have any idea about this 对于这个您有什么建议吗？ It would be nice if you could provide a bit more information on the user’s behavior。您若是能够就用户行为方面提供更多的信息就太感激了！

投诉信回复范文

投诉信回复范文 投诉信回复范文 ｘｘ小区业主： 市政府网站转来题目为ｘｘ县ｘｘ小区业主的投诉信的群众信件办理意见表已收悉，经调查，现就有关咨询题答复如下： 一、20ｘｘ年城西有限责任公司以出让的形式取得该宗土地使用权（岚国用20ｘｘ出字35号），土地性质是综合用地。按照《中华人民共和国土地治理法》的规定综合用地使用年限是五十年，因此ｘｘ小区土地使用权也只能是50年。 二、20ｘｘ年6月，县住建局组织有关部门对ｘｘ小区二期工程的规划设计方案进行了评审会，与会人员对绿化、停车位、通风采光、消防安全、防洪通道等方面提出了修改意见。由于现场建设用地紧张和县城规划建设的实际情况，请你们予以理解。 三、小区商品房的质量咨询题 1、ｘｘ小区共有5幢住宅楼，结构形式均为砖混底框结构，图纸设计、图纸审查及开工建设均在20ｘｘ年4月往常完成。依照《安康市建设局关于进一步加强城镇建筑抗震防灾工作的通知》（安建发[20ｘｘ]15号）文件要求：从20ｘｘ年12月1日起，所有新建建筑都要禁止使用预制混凝土楼板。ｘｘ小区1-5号楼的开工建设时刻均在20ｘｘ年12月1日之前，不在文件规定的时刻之后，施工单位按照设计图纸施工、小卧房为预制混凝土板，客厅、厨房、卫生间及阳台为现浇混凝土楼板。 2、业主反映房屋墙体及楼板出现裂缝的情况，已通知由ｘｘ小区的物业公司配合开发单位、施工单位对小区住房可能存在的咨询题进行检查核实，并按有关规定和责任督促尽快予以妥善解决。 四、ｘｘ小区因规划核实和房屋竣工验收未完成，办证所需要提交的初始登记资料不全，故暂不能办理《房屋所有权证》。现已督催开发商要抓紧办理相关手续。 五、关于物业的咨询题，现由开发商组建设立的物业服务机构，经查确实存在服务不到位的咨询题，我局已督查进行整改。如小区业主对该物业公司服务不中意，能够自行组织召开业主大会，成立业主委员会，自行选择物业公司进行物业治理。关于物业收费标准，应由物价部门治理，住建局无权进行审批。 六、小区修建封闭围墙属于开发商的配套建设部分，业主或物业公司可督促开发商尽快完善，维护其利益。关于监控设施、密码安全门和可视电话设施的安装，物业公司可对上述设施做好预算，在小区内予以公示，然后召开业主大会表决。假如表决通过，能够申请住宅维修资金支付该笔费用。 七、业主与开发商之间应平等和气的以事实为依据协商解决有关咨询题，若开发商及物业服务损害了你们的利益，请宽阔业主应依法维护其合法权益。 ｘｘ县住房和城乡建设局 ｘｘ县国土资源局 公司职员投诉信回复范文 生产简先生、叶先生、行政谢先生、生产车间职员谭ｘｘ： 关于职员谭ｘｘ心声的回复： 1、公司一直以来是欢迎并鼓舞各职员以实名制方式提出自己的意见和建议，不管其意见和建议是对与错，假如是对的，我们作为主管的要去改进，错的要给职员耐心解释清楚，关心解决职员提出的困难，行政要组织并定期的召开职员代表沟通会，让职员畅所欲言反映心声并及时解决存在的咨询题，建立一个职员、主管、公司沟通机制，三厂要在职员打卡处设立总经理投诉信箱，给宽阔职员向公司反映咨询题或心声提供多一个反馈渠道。我建议给

高考英语书面表达投诉信写作高分必背 黄金模版 范例

高考英语书面表达投诉信写作高分必背（黄金模版经典范例） A letter of complaint Passage structure: 提出问题---说明具体情况---提出解决问题的办法 投诉信通常包括以下几个方面的内容：说明投诉的原因并表示遗憾；实事求是地阐述问题发生的经过，切记不要夸大其词；指出问题引起的后果；提出批评及处理的意见或敦促对方采取措施，或者提出所希望的赔偿以及补救方式。组织提纲时要遵循“三步走”的写作规律： 第一段：表明来信所要投诉的问题，尽可能做到客观礼貌，给读信人留下好印象。应该记住读信人不一定就是错误的责任人，他的合作对事情的最终圆满解决有着非常重要的作用。 第二段：写明投诉的原因、问题的经过及产生的后果。可以说具体的理由，也可以说问题的具体体现方式。 第三段：提出解决方案，不需展开。这段应体现书信的礼貌原则，可以用类似“如果你能……，我将十分感激”这样的表达方式。还要注意做到公平、公正。Useful sentence patterns 1. I am writing to complain about…\ I am writing to make a complaint about…\ I am writing to express my dissatisfaction about… 2. There is something wrong with… I bought. For one thing, ..…; for another thing … 3. I can hardly bear \tolerate …any more. 4. I hope you can consider my suggestions and improve the situation 5. I trust you will take this matter seriously and make an effort to prevent the recurrence of this kind. 6. I would like to have a refund(退款) or a replacement（更换）as soon as possible. 段尾常用语： (1)It would be highly appreciated if you could… (2)I believe you will take my complaints seriously and… (3)I hope you will give due attention to this matter.

(完整版)英文书信写作格式

(一) 英文书信的组成部分 英文书信一般由六部分组成。即：信头（Heading）、信内地址（Inside Address）， 称呼（Salutation），正文（Body of Letter）、结束语（Complimentary Close）、署名（Signature）， 有时在书信后面还有附言（Postscript）、附件（Enclosure），这得视具体情况而定。下面将分别说明。 1. 信头（Heading） 信头是指写信人的地址和写信日期，一般写在或打在第一面信纸的右上角，先写地址再写日期，地址的写法是从小到大，先写门牌号、路号，再写区名、市名、省名，最后写国名。时间的写法对英国人和美国人而言是不同的。英国人习惯按日、月、年的顺序写， 而美国人习惯按月、日、年的顺序写。例如： 英式：1st October，1999 美式：October 1，1999 在使用前一种形式时，月和年之间的逗号可用可不用，但是在后一种形式中，必需要使用逗号。 信头的写法有缩进式和齐头式。缩进式每行开头向右缩进一两个字母；齐头式左边对齐排列，如下所示： 缩进式 Wang Ming Dept. of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 Liaoning Province P. R. China 齐头式 Wang Ming Dept. of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 Liaoning Province P. R. China 2. 信内地址（Inside Address） 信内地址要写出收信人的姓名和地址。一般给比较生疏的亲友的信和公事信件要写出信内地址，而熟悉朋友可以省去这一步骤。信内地址写出在日期下一两行的左上角，第一行写收信人的称呼姓名，然后写出地址。地质也是从小到大写出，分缩进式和齐头式两种。例如：缩进式 The President Oxford University England 齐头式 Jiang Bin