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高考复习 冠词

高考复习 冠词
高考复习 冠词

2014届牛津高三英语二轮复习语法专题

冠词

一.语法概念巧掌握:

(一)概念:

冠词分不定冠词(indefinite article)和定冠词(definite article)两种,一般无句子重音。

1 不定冠词a,an

a) a和an均用在单数名词之前,表示某一类人或事物中的"一个",相当于汉语的"一",但不强调数目观念。

b) a用在辅音之前,an用在元音之前。如:a notebook一个笔记本,a cigarette一支香烟,an old man一位老人,an English class一堂英语课。

字母u读作[ju:]时,由于第一个音[j]是辅音,故前面用a,不用an。如:a useful book一本有用的书,a university一所大学。字母h如不发音,第一个音又是元音,前面用an而不用a,如an hour [?n'au?]一小时,an honest [?n' nist] person一个诚实的人。

c) a和an在句中分别弱读作[E]和[En]。

2 定冠词the

a)表示某一类人或事物中的"某一个"或"某一些",相当于汉语的"这"或"那"。

b)不论单数名词或复数名词,也不论可数名词或不可数名词,前面都可以用the。

c)在元音前读[Ti],辅音前读[TE]。如the evening (傍晚),the car (汽车);在元音字母u 发[ju:]和半元音字母。y发[j]时,仍读[?TE]。如the unit (单位),the yard (院子)。

3 英语中不定冠词a (an)的用法

1)指一个人、动物或一件事物属于某一类。如:

Xiao Xu's father is a miner.小徐的父亲是矿工。(而不是其他工种)

Give me a ballpen , please.请给我一支圆珠笔。(而不是钢笔或其他种类)

2)指任何一个人、动物或一件事物。如:

A steel worker makes steel.钢铁工人炼钢。(意即任何一个钢铁工人都炼钢)

A triangle has three angles.三角形有三个角。(意即任何一个三角形都有三个角)

3)指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。如:

He comes from a firm in Beijing.他来自北京某一家公司。

A young man wants to see you.有个青年人要见你。

A car stopped in front of the gate.一辆汽车停在大门前。

4)不定冠词还可指"事物的单位",如"每日"、"每斤"等。如:

Butter is 4 yuan a kilo.黄油四元钱一公斤。

He drove the car at 18 miles an hour.他行车速度为每小时十八英里。

The Chinese Export Commodities Fair is held in Guangzhou twice a year.中国出口商品交易会每年在广州举行两次。

The doctor told him to take the medicine three times a day. 医生叫他一天吃三次药。

4 定冠词the 的用法

1)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。如:

This is the house where Lu Xun once lived.这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。(以别于其他房子) The book on the desk is an English dictionary.书桌上的那本书是一本英语词典。(特指桌上的那本书。注意名词book被on the desk短语所限定。)

Cairo is the capital of Egypt.开罗是埃及的首都。

We plan to cut the wheat in these fields in three days' time.我们计划三天后割这些地的小麦。(特指这些地里的小麦)

2)指说话人与听话人彼此所熟悉的人或事物。如:

Open the door, please.请开门。(双方都知道指的是哪一个门)

The Manager is in his office.经理在他的办公室里。(双方都知道指的是哪个经理)

Let's meet at the railway station.我们在火车站碰头吧。(双方都知道指的是哪一个火车站)

3)复述上文提过的人或事物。如:

Last week I read a story and a play. The story is about the Second World War and the play about the life of university students.上周我读了一篇故事和一个剧本。那篇故事是关于第二次世界大战的,剧本是关于大学生生活的。

4)表示在世界上独一无二的事物,如the sun太阳,the moon月亮,the earth地球,the sky 天空,the world世界。

5)定冠词the用于单数可数名词之前,表示某一类人或事物。如:

The Chinese student of English is apt to make such mistakes.中国学英语的学生容易犯这样的错误。.

The favourite fast food in the United States is the hamburger.美国最为人所爱吃的快餐是汉堡包。

The compass was invented in ancient China.古代中国发明了指南针。

演奏乐器时,乐器的名称前也常用定冠词the。如:

At the Children's Palace,some children learn to play the piano,others learn to play the violin.在少年宫里,有的小孩学弹钢琴,有的学拉小提琴。

[注一]语法书中的the verb(动词)和动植物学书中的the elephant(象)和the rose(玫瑰)等,都属于这一类。

[注二]"马是有用的动物"有下面三种说法,如:

A horse is a useful animal.

The horse is a useful animal.

Horses are useful animals.

6)表示阶级、党派的名词前必须用"the"。如the Chinese Communist Party中国共产党,the working class工人阶级,the bourgeoisie资产阶级,the Labour Party(英国)工党

7)定冠词还可与某些形容词连用,使形容词名词化,代表某一类人或物。如the poor穷人,the rich富人,the wounded伤员,the sick病号,the beautiful美丽的事物。

8)在序数词、形容词最高级和表示方位的名词前,常用定冠词the。如:

Shanghai is the biggest city in China.上海是中国最大的城市。

January is the first month of the year.元月是一年中的第一个月份。

The sun rises in the east.日出东方。

9)下面一些说法中习惯上须用定冠词the。如:

in the morning在早上或上午

in the afternoon在下午

in the evening在晚上

to go to the theatre(cinema)到剧院(电影院)去看戏(电影)

5 专有名词前冠词的用法

专有名词前一般不用冠词,如Shanghai上海,Britain英国,Edgar Snow埃德加·斯诺。但在下列几种场合中,却经常要用定冠词。

1)在江河、海洋、山脉、群岛的名称前。如:

the Yellow River黄河,the Baltic(Sea)波罗的海,the Pacific (Ocean)太平洋,the Atlantic(Ocean)大西洋,the Xisha islands西沙群岛,the Tianshan Mountains天山,the Himalayas 喜马拉雅山。

2)在含有普通名词的专有名词前。如:

a)某些国名前:

the People's Republic of China中华人民共和国,the United States of America美国(有些国名并不含有普通名词,但也用定冠词,如:the Philippines菲律宾,the Sudan苏丹。)

b)某些机关团体等组织名称前:

the National People's Congress全国人民代表大会,the State Council国务院,the United Nations联合国

c)朝代、时代的名称前:

the Tang dynasty唐朝,the Warring States period战国时代。

3)在某些建筑物的名称前。如:

the National Art Gallery国家美术馆,the Great Wall长城,the Peking Zoo北京动物园,the British Museum大英博物馆。

4)在报纸、杂志、旅馆等名称前。如:

the People's Daily《人民日报》,the Reader's Digest读者文摘,the Being Hotel北京饭店。

5)在姓名复数形式前,指一家人。如:

The Lius have moved to Tianjin.刘家已经搬到天津去了,

The Greens came to China for a visit last year.格林一家去年来中国访问过。

6 抽象名词和物质名词前冠词的用法

1)抽象名词和物质名词表示一般概念时,前面通常不用冠词,但特指时,则须用定冠词。试比较:

War is the continuation of politics.战争是政治的继续。

Our battalion fought north and south during the Anti - Japanese War.

我们这个营在抗日战争时期转战南北。

He is fond of music.他喜欢音乐。

Did you like the music of the film?你喜欢这个影片的音乐吗?

Science is making rapid progress in China.中国科学正在飞速发展。

Physics is the science of matter and energy.物理学是研究物质和能量的科学。

China is rich in oil. 中国石油丰富。

The oil produced in Dagang is of first-rate quality.大港油田生产的石油质量是头等的。

2)抽象名词和物质名词如果具体化,表示一个具体情况或动作或某一类物质时,前面可用不定冠词。如:

It is a great joy to live in New China.生活在新中国真幸福。

Liu Hulan has an ardent love for the people and a deep hatred for the enemy.刘胡兰热爱人民,痛恨敌人。

Mao-tai is a famous Chinese liquor.茅台是一种中国的名酒。

She built a fire.她生了个火。

-Have a smoke?

--No,thanks. I gave Up smoking long ago.

--抽支烟吧?

--谢谢,我早戒烟了。

7 不用冠词的场合

1)专有名词、抽象名词和物质名词前,一般不用冠词。如:

Canada加拿大,Japanese日语,love爱,hatred恨,glass玻璃,water水。

2)名词前已有作定语用的this,that,my,your,whose,some,any,no,each,every 等代词时,不用冠词。如:

That is my cap.那是我的帽子。

I enjoyed every minute of it.我自始至终都玩得痛快。

I want this book, not that one.我要这本书,不要那本书。

3)季节、月份、星期几等名称前,一般不用冠词。如:

Spring has come.春天来了。

Winter is the best time for skating.冬天是溜冰的最好季节。

Her little daughter was born in April 1987.她的小女儿于1987年4月出生。

We have mathematics on Monday.我们星期一有数学课。

[注]季节前有时也用冠词。如in the spring在春季。当然也可以说in spring。

4)复数名词表示某一类人或事物时,不用冠词。如:

I don't approve of cousins marrying.我不赞成表兄妹结婚。

Books are my best friends.书是我最好的朋友。

5)称呼语前面不用冠词,表示头衔和职务(这种职务一般只由一人担任)的名词的前面也常不用冠词。如:

What does this word mean, Father?这个词是什么意思,爸爸?

Mrs. Johnson is director of the office.约翰逊太太是办公室主任。

6)在某些固定词组里,名词之前常不用冠词。如:

by air乘飞机,at night夜间,in fact事实上,in danger在危险中,after school放学后,at home在家中,in town在城里,to go to school上学去,to go to bed去睡觉,to go to class去上课,from door to door挨门挨户,from morning till night从早到晚。

7)三餐饭的名称前,常不用冠词。如:

Have you had breakfast?你吃过早饭了吗?

After lunch we usually have a nap.午饭后我们一般都睡午觉。

What did you have for supper?你晚饭吃什么了?

[注]但指一特定的餐食时则须用定冠词,如Come on, or the dinner will be getting cold.(快来,要不饭就凉了)。

8)球类运动、棋类游戏等名词前不用冠词。如:

My younger brother likes to play table tennis.我弟弟喜欢打乒乓球。

Let's go and watch them play chess.让我们去看他们下棋去。

9)节日、假日等名称之前不用冠词。如:

New Year's Day元旦National Day国庆节

May Day五一劳动节Children's Day儿童节

Christmas Day圣诞节

10)报纸和文章的标题常常省去冠词。如:

Letter from Beijing: Women in Capital Cotton Mill 《北京来信:首都棉纺厂的妇女》(文章标题,letter之前省去了不定冠词a。)

Bosses Force Deadlock on Pay Increase Talks老板们使要求增加工资的谈判陷于僵局。(报纸标题,bosses前省去the,deadlock前省去a, pay increase talks前省去the。)

二.解题方法灵活用

【解题方法或备考策略】:

解题的方法:

1. 以考查冠词的基础用法为重点(特指,类指,泛指), 熟记定冠词和零冠词的特殊用法;

2. 和某些抽象名词连用,使其具体化将成为考查重点;

3. 理解有无冠词意义不同的词组;

4. 对冠词的灵活运用即一些固定短语,特殊句式将仍旧会出现在高考试卷中。

例:【2012全国II】7. He missed ______ gold in the high jump, but will get _____ second chance in the long jump.

A. the; the

B. /; a

C. the; a

D. a; /

【答案】C

【解析】此句的第一空特指―跳高中的金牌,故用定冠词the;第二空意为:再得到一次机会,泛指―一次机会。句意:他在跳高中失去了金牌,但他在跳远中将得到一次机会。

【考点】考查冠词的用法。

【2012四川卷】18. We are said to be living in ____ Information Age, ____ time of new discoveries and great changes.

A. an; the

B. 不填; the

C. 不填; a

D. the; a

【答案】D

【考点】本题考查冠词。

【解析】第一空Information Age前加定冠词the为固定说法;第二空根据句意―据说我们正生活在信息时代,一个充满新发现和巨大变化的时代。‖用不定冠词。故答案选D。

三.高考真题大演练:

1.Four and________half hours of discussion took us up to midnight,and________break for cheese,chocolate and tea with sugar. (2013·大纲全国,33) A.a;a B.the;the

C./;the D.a;/

2.India attained________independence in 1947,after________long struggle.

(2013·新课标全国Ⅰ,31) A./;a B.the;a

C.an;/ D.an;the

3.It was________cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across________night sky.

(2013·山东,22) A./;a B.a;the

C.the;a D.the;/

4.Sarah looked at ________ finished painting with ________ satisfaction.(2012·新课标全国,22) A./;a B.a;the

C.the;/ D.the;a

5.Carl is studying________food science at college and hopes to open up________meat processing factory of his own one day. (2012·安徽,21)

A./;a B./;the

C.the;a D.the;the

6.The development of industry has been________gradual process throughout________human existence,from stone tools to modern technology. (2012·浙江,2) A./;the B.the;a

C.a;/ D.a;a

7.He missed________gold in the high jump,but will get________second chance in the long jump.

(2012·大纲全国Ⅱ,7) A.the;the B./;a

C.the;a D.a;/

8.The Smiths don’t usually like staying at________hotels,but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by________sea. (2012·江西,21) A./;a B.the;the

C./;the D.the;a

9.I woke up with ________ bad headache,yet by ________ evening the pain had gone.

(2012·辽宁,21) A.the;the B.the;an

C.a;the D.a;an

10.We are said to be living in ________ Information Age,________ time of new discoveries and great changes. (2012·四川,18) A.an;the B./;the

C./;a D.the;a

11.Dr.Peter Spence,________ headmaster of the school,told us,“________ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”(2011·四川,18) A./;A B./;The

C.the;The D.a;A

12.As he reached ________ front door,Jack saw ________ strange sight.(2011·大纲全国,16) A.the;/ B.a;the

C./;a D.the;a

13.In communication,a smile is usually ________ strong sign of a friendly and ________ open attitude. (2011·重庆,26) A.the;/ B.a;an

C.a;/ D.the;an

14.—It’s said John will be in a job paying over $60,000________year.

—Right,he will also get paid by________week. (2011·江西,22) A.the;the B.a;the

C.the;a D.a;a

15.It is generally accepted that ________ boy must learn to stand up and fight like ________ man.

(2011·新课标全国,33) A.a;a B.a;the

C.the;the D.a;/

16.Take your time—it’s just ________ short distance from here to ________ restaurant.

(2011·山东,21) A./;the B.a;the

C.the;a D./;a

17.Experts think that________recently discovered painting may be________Picasso.

(2011·浙江,2) A.the;/ B.a;the

C.a;/ D.the;a

18.In________most countries,a university degree can give you________flying start in life.

(2010·四川,2) A.the;a B.the;/

C./;/D./;a

19.The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that________people from all walks of life are working hard for________new Jiangsu. (2010·江苏,21) A./;a B./;the

C.the;a D.the;the

20.If we sit near ________ front of the bus,we’ll have ________ better view.(2010·山东,22) A./;the B./;a

C.the;a D.the;the

【答案及解析】:

1答案 A

解析four and a half hours四个半小时,固定搭配;后一空a break表示休息一次。

2答案 A

解析考查冠词用法。句意为:印度在长期抗争后,于1947年获得独立。attain independence获得独立,是零冠词用法;after a long struggle经过一段长时间的抗争,用不定冠词a表示数量。

3答案 B

解析考查冠词。句意为:那是一个寒冷的冬夜,月亮照亮了整个夜空。指“一个……

的夜晚”且night前有形容词修饰时,需用不定冠词a表示泛指;第二个空后指的是夜晚的天空,表示特指,需用定冠词the。

4答案 C

解析句意为:Sarah满意地看着那幅画完的画。with satisfaction满意地。由于painting 前有finished修饰,所以此处表达特指含义,故第一个空用the。

解析句意为:卡尔正在大学学习食品科学,并希望有一天能够开办一家他自己的肉类加工厂。第一个空后的中心词science为表示抽象概念的名词,其前不用冠词。第一个空后若为science of food,则为特指,其前用定冠词the。第二个空后中心词为factory,为可数名词,根据句意可知此处表示泛指,用不定冠词。故选A项。

6答案 C

解析第一空process是可数名词,第一次出现一般用不定冠词,且此处表示“一个”的概念;第二空existence是不可数名词,此处表示抽象概念,故用零冠词。

7答案 C

解析句意为:他在跳高比赛中错失了金牌,但是在跳远比赛中他还有机会。第一个空后的gold为特指一项比赛中唯一的金牌,故用定冠词the。在序数词前的第二个空,若用the,则表示“第二次”,若用a,则表示“再次,还有”之意;此处应取“再次,还有”之意,故第二个空用a。

8答案 C

解析hotels这里表示泛指,用名词复数即可;后一空要注意,是表示“在海边”。by the sea在海边(在海岸上),这里是特指;by sea则是表示使用海上交通工具:乘船,由海路。9答案 C

解析首先headache前有形容词修饰,这是此空填不定冠词的标志;morning,evening 等名词前要有定冠词the修饰。句意为:一阵剧烈的头痛让我醒来,然而到了晚上疼痛消失了。冠词的考查以一些固定搭配的考查为主,因此平时积累一些固定搭配是非常重要的。另外,a(n)表示“一……”,而the表达“特指”。

10答案 D

解析考查冠词。第一空Information Age前加定冠词the为固定说法;第二空根据句意“据说我们正生活在信息时代,一个充满新发现和巨大变化的时代。”知用不定冠词a,表示“一个……的时代”。故答案为D项。

11答案 A

解析句意为:彼得·斯宾塞博士,即学校的校长告诉我们:“这里五分之一的学生会继续在牛津和剑桥大学学习。”Dr.Peter Spence与其后的headmaster of the school是同位关系,表示官职的名词前应使用零冠词。要表示分数五分之一,其分子可用冠词a或one。12答案 D

解析句意为:当杰克到达前门的时候,他看到了一幕奇怪的景象。第一个空表特指,用定冠词the;a strange sight一幕奇怪的景象。

13答案 C

解析句意为:在交流中,微笑通常是友好、坦诚态度的一种明显标志。a strong sign一种明显标志;open与friendly并列修饰attitude。

14答案 B

解析句意为:——据说约翰将拥有一份年收入超过60 000美元的工作。——是的,他也将按周获得报酬。表示“每年”用a year;表示“按周计算”用by the week。

解析句意为:人们普遍认为,男孩子必须学会站起来,像男子汉一样去奋斗。不定冠词加单数可数名词表示一类人或物,且表泛指,用the时表特指,故选A。

16答案 B

解析句意为:别着急——从这儿到那家餐馆只是很短的一段距离。根据句意可知,此处distance是指具体的一段距离,是可数名词,且其前用形容词修饰,故应用a;而此处的restaurant是指双方都知道的事物,故用定冠词the。

17答案 D

解析句意为:专家们认为近来发现的那部绘画作品可能是毕加索的作品。句中painting 前有修饰语recently discovered,所以此处的painting是特指,故其前用定冠词the;第二个空后的Picasso本来是专有名词,指“毕加索”其人,但是在本句中,它指的是“一部毕加索的作品”,所以其前用不定冠词a,这实际上是专有名词具体化的使用。

18答案 D

解析句意为:在大多数国家中,大学学位能给你一个人生快速发展的美好开始。第一个空,泛指大多数国家,故不填冠词;第二个空后的start在此处为可数名词,应用a修饰。

19答案 A

解析句意为:这儿的游客对这一事实印象极为深刻,那就是来自各行各业的人正在为一个全新的江苏而奋斗着。第一空泛指各行各业的人;a new Jiangsu一个全新的江苏。

20答案 C

解析句意为:我们如果坐在公共汽车的前部,会有一个更好的视野。the front of...……

的前部(指某一范围内的前部);view表示“(一次)观看;一睹;一览”时,为可数名词。四.模拟试题来检测:

1.If you go by ________ train,you can have quite a comfortable journey,but make sure you get ________ fast one.

A./;/B./;a

C.the;a D./;/

2.I can’t remember when exactly the Robinsons left ________ city;I only remember it was ________ Monday.

A.the;the B.a;the

C.a;a D.the;a

3.He is 40 and he feels his career as ________ basketball player is coming to ________ end.

A./;the B./;an

C.a;an D.a;/

4.We had over 120,000 people here at ________ weekend and expect to have up to ________ third of that number on the beach today.

C./;a D.a;the

5.________ recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the U.S.would be higher than the number of English speakers by ________ year 2090.

A.A;the B.A;/

C.The;/ D.The;a

6.After dinner he gave Mr.Richardson ________ ride to ________ Capital Airport.

A.the;a B.a;the

C./;a D./;the

7.I knew ________ John Lennon,but not ________ famous one.

A./;a B.a;the

C./;the D.the;a

8.When you come here for your holiday next time,don’t go to ________ hotel;I can find you ________ bed in my flat.

A.the;a B.the;/

C.a;the D.a;/

9.As is known,it was Hu Jintao,________ president in our nation,who gave ________ lecture at the opening ceremony of the Beijing 2008 Olympic.

A.the;a B.the;/

C.a;the D./;a

10.Sometimes she talks with Mary over ________ telephone,that is to say,they keep in touch with each other by ________ telephone.

A.the;/ B./;/

C./;the D.the;the

11.He was elected________president of the company,and________news came,in fact,as________surprise.

A.a;the;/ B./;the;a

C.a;/;the D.the;the;a

12.Huangshan is ________ most beautiful tourist site and I want to visit it ________ second time next month.

A.the;the B.the;a

C.a;a D.a;the

13.We can never expect _________ bluer sky unless we create _________ less polluted world.

A.a;a B.a;the

C.the;a D.the;the

14.The artist,whose early career was far from being________success,is now widely recognized as________master of painting.

A./;a B./;the

15.Everything comes with ________ price;there is no such ________ thing as free lunch in the world.

A.a;a B.the;/

C.the;a D.a;/

16.Shall we take________short break? I want to make________call.

A.the;a B.a;the

C.the;the D.a;a

17.In China,________pressure to pass________exams tends to cause lack of students’ creativity.

A./;the B.a;the

C.the;/ D./;the

18.There is________small temple on the island,which can only be reached by________water.

A.a;/ B.a;the

C.the;the D.the;/

19.Mr. White,who comes from________European country,has formed________habit of attending________church on Sundays.

A.an;/;the B.a;the;/

C.an;the;/ D.a;a;a

20.—When did you meet her last?

—I don’t remember exactly,but I’m sure it was ________ unforgettable Friday when I went for a walk after ________ wonderful lunch.

A.an;a B./;a

C.the;/ D./;/

21.You can have________second try if you fail this time.

A./ B.an

C.the D.a

22.Our graduation party was________success.We sang and danced until it came to________end at ten o’clock.

A.a;that B.a;an

C.the;an D./;/

23.—Really?Who will give________lecture?

—Mr. Wang,________famous professor from Nanjing University.

A.the;/ B.a;the

C.the;a D.a;a

24.The film company has given up________idea of acting________play of Shakespeare.

A.the;the B.the;a

C.an;a D.an;the

25.An accident happened at________crossroads a few meters away from________bank.

C./;the D.the;/

【答案及解析】:

1答案 B

解析by train乘火车,by在接交通工具类的同时,一般不接冠词,如by bike,by ship;根据句意第二个空应该是泛指。

2答案 D

解析leave the city离开这座城市。a Monday一个星期一,表泛指。

3答案 C

解析第一空泛指“一名篮球运动员”,所以用不定冠词;come to an end为固定短语,意为“结束”。

4答案 A

解析第一空at the weekend在周末;第二空表示“三分之一”,在英语中,当分子是1时,分子可用a或one,如果分子大于1,分母要用复数形式。

5答案 A

解析report为可数名词,a recent report一份近来的报告,是泛指;第二个空填the表特指2090年。

6答案 B

解析give sb.a ride让某人搭车,此处ride是可数名词,表示“搭车”;第二空后Capital Airport为专有名词,故用定冠词the。

7答案 B

解析 a John Lennon一个叫做John Lennon的人,表泛指;第二空表特指。

8答案 A

解析go to the hotel去旅店;a bed此处表泛指,“一个床位”。

9答案 D

解析表示职位的名词president作同位语,其前不加冠词;give a lecture为固定用法,意思是“作演讲”。

10答案 A

解析over后加表示通讯的词时要用定冠词;by与表示交通工具或通讯手段的词连用时,省去冠词。

11答案 B

解析表示职位、头衔的词作表语、补语、同位语时常常省去冠词,故第一空不需要冠词;第二空为特指;第三空为抽象名词具体化。

12答案 C

解析第一空不表示比较,故不能用最高级形式,“a most+形容词”中most意为“十分,非常”,相当于very;不定冠词与序数词连用,表示“再一,又一”。

13答案 A

解析句意为:如果我们不创造一个环境污染减少的世界,我们永远不会期望拥有一个更蓝的天空。根据句意,a bluer sky和a less polluted world为可数名词表示泛指,所以用不定冠词。

14答案 C

解析考查冠词的用法。第一空考查抽象名词具体化,此处a success意为:一个成功的职业;第二空泛指“一位绘画大师”。

15答案 D

解析price意思是“代价”,为可数名词;第二空前边有no,后面的名词不用冠词,故选D项。

16答案 D

解析考查冠词的用法。第一空考查固定短语take a break,故用不定冠词a;第二空泛指打一个电话。

17答案 C

解析考查冠词的用法。第一空特指通过考试的压力;第二空泛指多次考试。

18答案 A

解析考查冠词的用法。第一空泛指一座小庙;第二空考查短语by water,意为“乘船;由水路”。

19答案 B

解析考查冠词的用法。第一空表示来自一个欧洲国家;第二空特指去教堂礼拜的习惯;第三空考查短语attend church,意为“去教堂礼拜”。

20答案 A

解析此处Friday和lunch都有定语修饰,表示特定意义,所以用不定冠词。

21答案 D

解析考查冠词的用法。句意为:如果你这次失败你还有一次尝试的机会。

22答案 B

解析考查冠词的用法。此处a success表示“一件成功的事情”;come to an end是固定短语,表示“结束”。

23答案 C

解析第一空指说话双方都知道的那个演讲,故使用the修饰;介绍某人表示“一个……的人”时,名词前应用不定冠词。

24答案 B

解析idea后有介词短语修饰,特指拍摄莎士比亚的一部戏剧的“想法”,故前要用定冠词the;第二空play为泛指,用不定冠词a。

25 答案 B

解析此处两空都表示泛指,故用不定冠词。

高考英语语法填空--1冠词

第一集语法填空核心考点考点突破 ——冠词——与名词共生共存 【考向聚焦】 冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,常放在名词前面帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分为不定冠词a,an和定冠词the两种。纵观近三年高考题可知,冠词一直是必考内容。其考查的重点主要有:冠词的基本用法;在固定结构中和具体语境中的用法;冠词的特殊用法;冠词在句子中的位置。对应学生用书P1 用适当的冠词填空 1.(2013?福建,21) The “Chinese Dream” is ________ dream to improve people's wellbeing and ________ dream of harmony,peace and development. 解析考查冠词。根据句意,中国梦是一个……的梦和一个……的梦,可知,两空都用不定冠词a。 答案a;a 2.(2013?江西,32)Animals are obviously ________ lower form of life than ________ man. 解析考查冠词。第一空表示“一种生命的形式”;第二空man表“人类”,不用冠词。 答案a;不填 3.(2013?山东,22)It was________cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across________night sky. 解析考查冠词用法。第一空“一个寒冷的冬夜”,应用不定冠词a;第二空“夜

空”,指独一无二的事物用定冠词the。 答案a;the 4.(2013?江西,19)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ________ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ________ thirteenth century. 解析考查冠词。第一空指独一无二的事物用the;第二空为固定短语,表示在多少世纪“in the-th century”,需加定冠词。 答案the;the 5.(2013?浙江,15)People develop ________ preference for a particular style of learning at ________ early age and these preferences affect learning. 解析考查冠词。短语a preference for...意为“对……的偏好”;at an early age 意为“在年纪很小时”,故均填不定冠词。 答案a;an 6.(2013?重庆,32)The parents were shocked by ________ news that their son needed ________ operation on his knee. 解析考查冠词。第一空news后带有that引导的同位语从句,故应该特指;第二空译为“他们的儿子需要做一个手术”,使用不定冠词。 答案the;an 7.(2012?新课标全国)Sarah looked at ________ finished painting with ________ satisfaction. 解析考查冠词的用法。句意:Sarah满意地看着那幅完工的油画。根据painting 前的修饰成分finished可知是特指那幅画;后一个空格后的satisfaction是抽象名词并且表示泛指,不用冠词。

冠词专项练习题

冠词专项练习题: 一、冠词的基本概念 冠词,是用来表示名词特性的一种词,它表示名词可数不可数、单数复数、任何一个还是特定的一个等。也就是说,冠词与名词是紧密连在一起的。如果用了a /an /the,不管后面是什么词,都变成了名词。所以,冠词就是放在名词前面的一种词。 使用冠词有三种基本情况: 1、用a / an a / an 用在单数可数名词前面,表示这个人或事物是泛指的不确定的一个,相当于中文的“一个”。注意:可数的单数名词前,必须要用a / an 或the. 我们不能说boy, desk, dog,而必须说a boy / the boy. a 用在读音为辅音开头的名词之前, 而an 用在读音为元音开头的名词之前。注意:这里指的是“读音”,而不仅仅指字母。例如: a university 一所大学(虽然u 是元音字母,但不读元音。) an hour 一个小时(虽然h 不是元音,但单词读音是元音开头) 另外,a / an 也可用在不可数名词前面,这时,这个不可数名词就变成了可数的单数名词,意义上也有变化。例如: glass 玻璃, a glass 一只玻璃杯/ wood 木头, a wood 一片树林 power威力, a power大国/ beauty 美丽, a beauty美人, 美的事物 2、用the the 相当于this/that 或these / those,总的用法是表示特定的人或事物。the 的用法最广,不管是可数还是不可数,不管是单数还是复数,都可以用the. 具体用法见下面的讲解。3、不用冠词 有的时候,名词前面不用任何冠词,没有a / an / the. 有的书上称为零冠词。不可数名词前可以不用冠词,可数的复数名词也可以不用,还有一些习惯用法上不需要用。 下面,详细讲一个冠词的用法。 二、不定冠词的用法: 1、表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个, 通常在第一次提到某人或某物时用a / an,以表示与其他事物的区别。 I gave him a book yesterday. 我昨天给了他一本书。 2、用其中的任何一个,代表他们所属种类的特性。 A horse is useful to mankind. 马对人类有用。 3、用在事物的度量单位前, 如时间、速度、价格等, 表示"每一个"。 We often go to school two times a day. 我们常常一天两次去学校。 4、用来泛指某人、某物或地方。 A boy came to see you a moment ago. 刚才有一个小孩来找你。 5、用于某些特定的词组。例如:a few 几个,a little 有点,等等。 She has a few friends in this city. 她在这个城市中有几个朋友。 三、定冠词的用法 1、定冠词特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。 The bag in the desk is mine. 桌子里的书包是我的。

小学英语语法冠词讲解及练习题

一、本次知识点归纳:冠词是置于名词之前,对名词起限制作用的一种虚词。 二、重要知识点提示: 冠词分为不定冠词"a,an"、定冠词"the"和零冠词三种,零冠词指的是不用冠词的情况。 1、不定冠词的用法: 不定冠词表示泛指,定冠词表示特指不定冠词有"a和an"两种形式。"a"用在以辅音开头的词前,"an"用在以元音开头的词前。判断一个词是以元音开头还是以辅音开头,是根据读音而不是根据字母 1). 用于可数名词的单数形式前,表示"一" 2). 表示一类人和东西 3). 用在作表语的单数可数名词前,表示身份、职业 2、定冠词的用法: 1). 用以特指某(些)人或某(些)事物 2). 用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物 3). 用以复述上文提过的人或事物(第一次提到用“a或an”,以后再次提到用“the”)4). 用在序数词和形容词最高级前 5). 表示世界上宇宙中独一无二的事物 6). 指由普通名词构成的专有名词 7). 表示方向、方位 8). 在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词前 9). 在姓氏复数前,表示一家人 10). 和某些形容词连用,使形容词名词化,代表一类人或物 11). 用在表示阶级、政党的名词前 12). 在the more, the more比较级的句式中 13). 表示演奏乐器时,乐器的前面要加the 14). 某些固定的表达法in the morning 在早上 3、零冠词的用法 1). 专有名词前一般不加冠词 2). 月份、周日、节日前一般不加冠词 3). 三餐、四季前一般不加冠词 4). 进行球类运动

5). 固定词组go to school 去上学go to bed 6).三餐名词单独使用时,之前通常不加冠词 三、经典题训练过关: 一、用a,an,the或“/”填空 1.___ Washington is ___capital of ___United States of America. 2.There is ___”A” on his paper. 3. I ate ___apple .It’s ___red apple. 4._____ tall man over there is my boss. 5.____ earth moves around___ _sun. 6.No news is ________good news. 7.Have you visited________ Great Wall? 8.They often play______ football after school. 9.Children need ________ love and_______ attention. 10.Are there any birds in______sky? 11.There is _______ picture of _______ elephant on _______ wall. 12.This is _______ useful book.I've read it for _______ hour. 13._______ elephant is much heavier than _______ horse. 14._______ doctor told him to take _______ medicine three times _______ day.15.Let's go out for _______ walk. 16. This is _______egg. It?s _______small egg 17.Iim has_______ big head. 18.Who is_______ girl in green? 19.--Do you have_______ knife? --Yes, I do. I only have_______ small one. 二、选择 1. —Does Jim have _______ ruler?—Yes,he has _______ . A. an;some B. a;one C. a;/ D. any;one 2. There is _______ old bike. _______ old bike is Mr. Zhao’s.

2017年高考英语四海八荒易错集专题01名词与冠词

专题01 名词与冠词 1.(2016·新课标Ⅰ,61)But for tourists like me,pandas are its top ________(attract).【答案】attraction 【解析】句意:但是对于像我一样的游客来说,大熊猫是最大的吸引。形容词top“头等的;最重要的”后面跟名词形式。 2.(2016·新课标Ⅰ,69)The nursery team switches him every few ________(day)with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed... 【答案】days 3.(2016·新课标Ⅱ,42)Then,handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________(achieve). 【答案】achievement 【解析】句意:然后,首先处理最重要的任务,那么你会感到真正意义上的成就。介词of后应用名词作宾语。 4.(2016·新课标Ⅱ,46)Recent ________(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. 【答案】studies 【解析】句意:最近的研究显示如果我们有规律地进行短暂的休息的话,我们工作的效率会更高。study“研究”为可数名词,本句的谓语动词为sh ow,说明主语应用名词复数studies。 5.(2016·新课标Ⅲ,68)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,influenced the ________ (develop)of chopsticks. 【答案】development 【解析】句意:一些人认为大约生活于公元前551年到479年间的中国伟大学者孔子影响了筷子的发展。根据空格前面的the可知,所填词应用名词形式。 6.(2016·四川,65)Any smell might attract natural ________(enemy)that would try to eat the little panda.

冠词优质课教案

“英语优质课教案” 课题:冠词 授课教师:王艳平 单位:王明口三中

复习目标: 1.回顾冠词的基础知识 2.能够正确的运用 教学重点: 冠词的重点知识归纳及讲解。 教学难点: 冠词的运用。 复习时间: 一课时 教学过程: Step1:不定冠词的基本用法 口诀: 不定冠词两变体,用a或an都表“一”; 可数名词首次提,何人何物不具体; 某类人、物任一个,有时还要表“每一”。 a和an的选用与巧记 歌曰:冠词a,an两顶帽,单数名词常需要; 单词开头发元音,an帽儿任你挑; 辅音起首戴a帽,记住规律莫乱套。

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