整理版英语象声词翻译及举例

英语动物拟声词及其翻译

一、引言

英语与汉语虽然属于两种不同的语言系统,但是都有着丰富的拟声词。英语拟声(onomatopoeia) 与汉语修辞格拟声完全相同,都是模拟事物自然声音的一种构词方法。各种动物的声音在经验世界中随处可闻,动物拟声词也就应运而生。动物拟声词在英语拟声词中占有很重要的份额,它比汉语动物拟声词还要丰富多样。汉语动物拟声词往往用简单和笼统的一个“叫”字来表述,而英语一般都用专门的拟声词来表达各种不同动物的叫声。正确地翻译动物拟声词,能够烘托气氛、显示意境、增强声势和实地情景感,使平淡的句子变得鲜活生动、富有情趣,创造出一种使人身临其境、如闻其声的氛围,达到传声达情和闻声解意的语用目的。

二、英语动物拟声词的类型与翻译

英语动物拟声词可以分为直接拟声( Primary Onomatopoeia) 和间接拟声( Secondary Onomatopoeia) 两种类型,

在翻译中存在着较明显的区别。

直接拟声指的是动物的声音与意义基本吻合,能够直接产生音义之间的相互联想。如听见[mu : ]的声音使人想到母牛的“哞哞”声。英语中许多表示动物鸣叫声的词是直接拟声,它与汉语的拟声词存在许多相同之处,在发音上十分接近。如猫叫声,英语拟声词为mew , miaow , 汉语拟声词为“喵”;鸽子的叫声,英语拟声词为coo ,汉语拟声词为“咕咕”;鸭子的叫声,英语拟声词为quack ,汉语拟声词为“呱呱”;鹅的叫声,英语拟声词为cackle ,汉语拟声词为“咯咯”;

青蛙的叫声,英语拟声词为croak ,汉语拟声词为“嗝嗝”。这类拟声词摹拟动物的发音,英语与汉语基本上相同或相近,

翻译时只要借助汉语的习惯表达法,就能够使读者达到动物如在眼前的感受,从而产生丰富的联想。

间接拟声指的是词的发音并不直接唤起某种听觉的经验,即并非对动物自然声音的直接模拟,而是引起一种运动的感觉,或者某种物质与精神特性的感觉。换言之,间接拟声是指音与某种象征性意义发生联想。张培基先生认为, S是咝音字母,它的发音可使人联想到许多动物的相似声。比如,蛇的嘶嘶声,马喷鼻息的嘶嘶声等。英语中snake 和serpent 都作蛇解,由于两词都带S 字母,音义之间就有了一定的联系。文体学家认为H 字母能象征一种努力或费劲,这是因为H 字母是个吐气音。如发haste , hasten , hurry , hurl等词语时,吐气音和发音器官的动作都能使人联想到用力时的气喘。“sn2”的辅音组合,既能使人联想到呼吸时发出的声音,如sniff , snuff , snore 等,又能表示快速敏捷的动作,如snip , snap , snatch , 还能使人联想到滑溜溜的爬行动物snake , snail 等。M 是个低沉的鼻音,能象征鸟雀的喃喃声和昆虫的嗡嗡声。如:

The moan of doves in immemorial elms ,

And murmuring of innumerable bees.

(A. Tennyson : Come Dow n , O Maid)

古老的榆树林中鸽子的呢喃,

还有成群飞舞的蜜蜂的嗡嗡声。

英文作者用[m]这个辅音,甚至加上m 这个字母的循环往复的出现,收到了有效刺激读者的视

觉和听觉的良好的修辞效果。但是,在汉语的翻译中,译者没有把鸽子和蜜蜂的声音都译为“嗡

嗡”,而用“ 呢喃”一词来形容鸽子的叫声,这是一种声音象征(Sound symbolism) 的翻译法。用

声音象征来翻译间接拟声词,可以给人以丰富的语音感觉。

由于我们生活在一个充满声音的世界里,动物数量成千上万种,声音五花八门,仅仅靠已经收入词典的一些惯用的拟声词是远远无法表达的。另外,动物拟声词摹拟动物的声音,具有客观性,但是,它又与人的主观意识、感觉、心境等因素密切相关,具有主观性。所以,动物拟声词是客观性和主观性的统一。人们可以根据客观实际需要,临时创造拟声词,以词状声,形象生动。如:

Spring , the sweet Spring , is the year’s pleasant king ;

Then blooms each thing , then maids dance in a ring ;

Cold doth not sting , the pretty birds do sing : Cuckoo , jug2jug , pu2we , to2witta2woo ! ( Thomas Nashe , S pring)

春,甘美的春,四季中的欢乐之王, 百花争奇斗艳,少女翩翩起舞,

乍暖还寒,百鸟纵情欢唱,

咕咕,啾啾,噗喂,托威它呜!

这是英国著名诗人托马斯·纳什赞美春天的诗歌。由于作者非常逼真地摹拟了各种禽鸟的鸣叫声:如杜鹃的cuckoo ,夜莺的jugjug ,田凫的pu2we 以及猫头鹰的to wittawoo ,

强烈地刺激了读者的听觉,产生音义联想效果,使读者耳边仿佛奏响了一曲百鸟齐鸣的春天交响乐。但是,我们仔细地看,就会发现,在这百鸟齐鸣的乐曲中, 只有cuckoo , jugjug是有案可稽的, puwe , towittawoo 是诗人临时创造的,这一创造起到了增加声势和烘托气氛的动态效果,一个百花吐艳、百鸟争鸣的春天仿佛就在人们的眼前。

当然,创造拟声词应该注意以下两个方面的问题:其一,

避免滥造和滥用。不能为了标新立异,千方百计地去创造拟声词。如果那样,就会起到适得其反的作用,使人如入云里雾里,不知所云。其二,要交代清楚拟声词所处的特定场景。

有的作者为了比较客观真实地展示和再现人物或事件发生的情景,创造出一些凭自己主观体验设想的拟声词,只要将特定的场景交代清楚,人们是可以理解的, 否则会产生歧义和误解。这是因为每个人由于知识水平不同、对事物感知体验不同、审美水平不同、思维方式和情感方式不同,对同一事物会产生“仁者见仁,智者见智”的不同理解。因此,在翻译时对于拟声词所处场景的说明尤为重要。

英语与汉语毕竟是两种不同的语言系统,动物拟声词既有共性的方面,又有许多差异性。对同一动物的声音,可能摹拟得不同,甚至会有一种风马牛不相及的感觉。如狗叫声,英语用bark , yap , bowwow ,汉语用“汪汪”。翻译时应该根据本民族对听觉产生的联想心理, 变换适当的词语。反之亦然。如“车辚辚,马萧萧??”,英译时“马萧萧”可译成“Horses nicker and neigh”。译文用“nicker”和“neigh”展现战马的嘶鸣,根据音韵的节奏感把原作品中的拟声词恰如其分地表现了出来,保持了原文的原汁原味。

三、英语动物拟声词与汉语动物拟声词的比较

汉语在论及动物的叫声时,往往简单笼统地以一个“叫”字来概括之,不大附加拟声词。在口语中更是如此,如:“蚊子叫”、“知了叫”、“狗叫”、“狼叫”、“老虎叫”、“狮子叫”、“牛叫”、“马叫”,我们甚至把起早摸黑说成“鸡叫忙到鬼叫”等。

虽然我们的祖辈对各种动物的叫声都给予了专门的词语,

如:“马嘶”、“虎啸”、“鸡啼”、“蝉噪”、“狗吠”、“鹤唳”等,许多成语也留下了它们的足迹,如“鬼哭狼嚎”、“河东狮吼”等,但现代人对这些动物的声音习惯上喜欢笼统地概之于“······叫”。可是,英语里这类“叫”声却有专词表达。请比较以下各种动物的叫声:

笼统称法专词表达拟声译文

再看一段英国作家梭罗描写瓦尔登湖冬景的一句（附翻译，就剩一句了）

I seldom opened my door in a winter evening without hearing it; Hoo hoo hoo, hooner hoo, sounded sonorously, and the first three syllables accented somewhat like how do you do; or sometimes hoo hoo only.

冬季傍晚，我一打开门常常听到“唿——唿——唿，唿——唿”的呜叫声，声音悦耳，前三个音节听起来有点象英语的“你好哇！”有时便只是呜叫而已。

拟声词的常见三种翻译处理方法

一、译为汉语对应的拟声词，有的译为独词句，有的译为动词或名词的辅助成分。

1.Crack! The stick broke in two.

喀嚓！棒子断为两截

2.Only the venliator in the cellar window kept up a cealess rattle.

只有地下室窗户上的鼓风机发出无休无止的呼呼声。

3.Round the corner of Croscent Bay, between the pile-up masses of broken rock, a flock of sheep came pattering.

沿着新月海湾的地方，从一堆堆破碎的岩石堆中，一群羊叭嗒叭嗒地跑了过来。

二、有时可以将英文的拟声词译为汉语中较为抽象的“..........的叫，...........声”，有的则直叙其动作。

1.The cock in the yard crowed its first round.

院子里的雄鸡已经叫头遍了

2.He felt as if he must shout and sing, he seemed to hear about him the rustle of unceasing and inmumberable wings.

他感到简直要大喊大唱，耳际仿佛传来无数翅膀的拍击声

3.They splashed through the mire to the village.

他们一路踏着泥水向村子去。

三、为增加效果，即使英文未出现拟声词，翻译时添加拟声词。

1.The logs were burning briskly in the fire.

木柴在火中哔哔剥剥烧的正旺。

2.“Impartinent!” snorted Imalds.

伊梅尔达鼻子哼了声“没家教！”

3.Then a dog began to howl somewhere in a farm house far down the road--a long, agonized wailing, as if from fear.

接着，路尽头一所农舍附近响起狗的汪汪声，那是一声长长的哀鸣，似乎是因恐惧而发出的惊恐之声

拟声词的常见三种翻译处理方法：

一、译为汉语对应的拟声词，有的译为独词句，有的译为动词或名词的辅助成分。

1.Crack! The stick broke in two.

喀嚓！棒子断为两截。

2.Only the venliator in the cellar window kept up a cealess rattle.

只有地下室窗户上的鼓风机发出无休无止的呼呼声。

3.Round the corner of Croscent Bay, between the pile-up masses of broken rock, a flock of sheep

came pattering.

沿着新月海湾的地方，从一堆堆破碎的岩石堆中，一群羊叭嗒叭嗒地跑了过来。

二、有时可以将英文的拟声词译为汉语中较为抽象的“..........的叫，...........声”，有的则直叙

其动作。

1.The cock in the yard crowed its first round.

院子里的雄鸡已经叫头遍了。

2.He felt as if he must shout and sing, he seemed to hear about him the rustle of unceasing and

inmumberable wings.

他感到简直要大喊大唱，耳际仿佛传来无数翅膀的拍击声。

3.They splashed through the mire to the village.

他们一路踏着泥水向村子去。

三、为增加效果，即使英文未出现拟声词，翻译时添加拟声词。

1.The logs were burning briskly in the fire.

木柴在火中哔哔剥剥烧的正旺。

2.“Impartinent!” snorted Imalds.

伊梅尔达鼻子哼了声“没家教！”

3.Then a dog began to howl somewhere ina a farm house far down the road--a long, agonized wailing, as if from fear.

接着，路尽头一所农舍附近响起狗的汪汪声，那是一声长长的哀鸣，似乎是因恐惧而发出的惊恐之声。

再看一段英国作家梭罗描写沃尔登湖冬景的一句（附翻译，就剩一句了）

I seldom opened my door in a winter evening without hearing it; Hoo hoo hoo, hooner hoo, sounded sonorously, and the first three syllables accented somewhat like how deardo; or sometimes hoo hoo only. "zb7+ B F

冬季傍晚，我一打开门常常听到“唿——唿——唿，唿——唿”的鸟叫声，声音哼悦耳，前三个音节听起来有点象英语的“你好哇！”有时便只是鸟叫而已。

走兽怎么叫:

1、狮子（lion）roar, howl;

2、老虎（tiger）roar, howl;

3、豹子（panther）howl

4、大象（elephant）trumpet;

5、豺（jackal）howl

6 、狼（wolf）howl

7、狗（dog）bark,yap,yelp,bay,howl,growl,snarl,whine

8、狐（fox）bark,

9、猫（cat）mew,miaow,miau,meow,

10、鼠（mouse）squeak,cheep,peep "

11、猪（pig）grunt, whick, aqueak

12、野猪（swine）grunt

13、公猪（boar）girn

14、熊（bear）bruzz, growl

15、无尾猿（ape）gibber,gueriet

16、猴（monkey）screech, gibber, chatter, snutter, jabber, howl

17、骆驼（camel）nuzz, grunt

18、鹿（deer）call, bell, bellow

19、牛（cattle）cow,bleat

20、公牛（bull）bellow,low

21、母牛（cow）low

22、小牛（calf）：bleat

23、水牛（buffalo）boo

24、羊（sheep,goat）baa, bleat

25、马（horse）neigh,whinny,nicker

26、驴（ass,donkey）bray, hee-haw

27、兔子（rabbit）mumble

虫子怎么叫:

1、青蛙（frog）croak

2、蟾蜍（toad）shriek

3、蛇（snake, serpent）

4、蜜蜂（bee）buzz,hum,bumble,drone

5、黄蜂（wasp）hum

6、蟋蟀（cricket）chirp(chirup)

7、甲虫（beetle）drone,boom

8、蚱蜢（grsshopper）chirp

9、蚊子（mosquito）hum,buzz,drone

10、苍蝇（fly）hum,buzz,drone

飞禽怎么叫:

1、公鸡（cock）crow

2、母鸡（hen）cackle,cluck

3、小鸡（chicken）cheep

4、火鸡（turkey）gobble

5、鸭（duck）quack

6、鹅（goose）cackle,hiss,creak,gaggle

7、鸽子（dove,pigeon）coo,crood,croud,croodle,

8、鹌鹑（quail）curkle

9、鸠（stock-dove）murmur

10、斑鸠（turtle-dove）wail

11、天鹅（swan）chant,cry

12、乌鸦（crow,raven）caw,croak

13、白嘴鸦（rook）caw

14、鹧鸪（partrige）call

15、鹦鹉（parrot）prat,squawk

16、孔雀（peacock）tantle,scream

17、云雀（lark）sing

18、红雀（linnet）chirp -

19、喜鹊（magpie）chatter,clatter

20、麻雀（sparrow）chirp

21、夜莺（nightingale）warble,pip,jug,jug-jug

22、画眉（mavis）guaver

23、布谷（cuckoo）cuckoo

24、鹤（stork）coniat

25、白鹤（crane）whoop Z0ad

26、燕（swallow）chirp,twitter

27、海鸥（gull）：mew

28、鹰（eagle）scream

各类物体的响声:

1、金属磕碰声当啷clank,clang

2、形容金属的响声当当rattle

3、金属、瓷器连续撞击声丁零当啷jingle,jangle,cling-clang

4、鼓声、敲门声咚咚rub-a dub,rat-tat,rat-a-tat

5、脆响的（关门）声吧嗒clik

6、敲打木头声梆梆rat-tat，rat-at

7、重物落下声咕咚thud,splash,plump

8、东西倾倒声哗啦crash,clank

9、风吹动树枝叶声飒飒sough,rustle

10、树枝等折断声嘎巴crack,snap

11、不大的寒风声瑟瑟rustle

12、踩沙子、飞沙击物或风吹草木沙沙、飒飒rustle

13、飞机螺旋桨转动呼呼whirr -

14、雨点敲击房顶噼里啪啦patter

15、水流动声拔拉splash,gurgle

16、物体受压嘎吱creak 喀嚓crack.snap

17、溪水、泉水流动声潺潺murmur,babble,purl

18、液体、沸腾、水流涌出或大口喝水声咕嘟babble,gurgle

19、重物落地声扑通flop,thump,splash,pit-a-pat

20、笑声、水、气挤出声扑哧titter,snigger,fizz

21、雷声、爆炸声、机器声隆隆hum,rumble,roll

22、汽笛或喇叭声呜呜toot,hoot,zoom

23、油在锅里滋滋sizzle

24、鞭炮爆炸声噼啪pop

25、脚踏楼板声登登clump

或许拟声词大家用的不多,，但其处理与表意相当复杂。

下面看看朱生豪先生如何处理的（译莎士比亚的小诗）

Song Hark, Hark! 歌：听啊！听！

Hark, Hark! 听啊！听！

Bow-woo. 汪！汪！

The watching dogs bark! 犬在门前狂吠！

Bow-woo. 汪！汪！

Hark, Hark! I hear 听啊！听！我听见

The strain of strutting chanticlear 伸颈的雄鸡

Cry,Cock-a doodle-doo. 喔喔啼

常见的英语象声词

赵宝斌

1)有关动物的象声词

apes: (猿）gibber叽哩咕噜

asses: (驴)bray, heehaw

babies: cry

bear: growl

bees: buzz, hum, murmur, drone

beetles(甲虫): drone

birds: chatter, chirp, chirrup, flap, peck, sing, squawk, twitter,

bulls: bellow, bow

camels: grunt

cats: miaow, mew, purr

cattle: low

chicken: cheep, peep, pip

chicks: cheep

child: chatter

cock: crow, cock-a-doodle-do

cows: boo, low, moo, moo,

crickets(蟋蟀): chirp

crows: caw, croak

deer: beat

dogs: bark, bay, bow-wow, grow, how, whine, yap, yelp

donkeys: bray, hee-haw

doves: coo, crood, croud, croodle

ducks: quack, screech

eagle: scream

elephants: trumpet

flies: buzz, hum, drone

foxes: yelp, bark

frogs: croak

geese: cackle, gabble, gaggle, hiss

goats: bleat, baa

hawks: scream,

hens: cackle, chuckle

horse: whiney, nicker, neigh, snort,

hounds: bay

insects: chirp

kittens(小猫): mew

larks(百灵): sing, warble

lions: roar

magpies（喜鹊）: chatter

man: giggle, hem(哼)，ouch, hush, mumble, chatter, bravo, murmur, whisper mice: peep, squeak

monkeys: chatter, japer, screech, chatter

mosquitoes: buzz, hum, drom

night eagles: ner

owls: hoot, scream, screech, whop

owls: hoot, screech, scream

ox: bo, how, moo

parrots: talk, quack

pigeons: coo, crood, croodle

pigs crowd

puppies: yelp

rabbits: suqeak

seagulls(海鸥): scream

sheep: bleat, baa

snakes: hiss

sparrows: chatter, chirp, twitter

swallows: twitter

swans: cry

tigers: roar, groul, gaoll

turkeys: gobble

vultures(秃鹫): scream

whales: blow

wide goose(大雁): honk

wolves: howl growl

2)有关物体的象声词

abacus(算盘) balls: pit-a-pat, pita pat

arrows: whistle, whiz

artillery(大炮): booms

balls: bounce

bank notes: rustle

bayonets: clink and clash

beats: pit-a-pat, pita pat, thump, thud, patter

bellows(风箱): flip-flap

bells: clink, clang, jingle, jingle-jangles-jingle, ding dong.

bikes: jangle

boots(皮靴): crunch

bottles: crack, crick-crack, rattle

bow string: snap

bowels: rumble

brakes: screech

branches: snap

breeze: puffs

bullets: whistle, whiz, zip

buses: rattle, hoot, and thump

cameras: snick

candles: splutter

cars: crash, toot(horn)

carts: rumble, creak

cattle: low

chains: clank

clocks: ding dang, tick, ticktack, tic tak

clothes: rustle

coins: jingle

cooking pots: sizzle

cords: pop

curtains: flap

dishes: ding dang, jingle, clatter

doors: creak, rat-tat-tat, rat tattoo, rattle,

drums: rub-a-dub, rataplan

dry leaves: rustle

eating: slurp

engines: chug, chum, whistle

feet: chatter, tramp

fingers snap

fire crackers: bang, pup

fire snap

flags: flap flutter

floor: creak

glass: crash, clinks,

gongs: ding-dang

guns pup, boom, click

hands: clap, flick

high heal shoes: click

horns: toot

horse's hooves: dip-clop

jade: tickle

keys: clink

knife and fork: clack

leather shoes: click-clack

leaves: whisper, rustle,

locks: snap, click,

locomotive(火车头): puff

machines: buzz,

machines guns: rattle, chatter, tat-rat, tat-tat-tat

metal: ting, clash, clink, tinkle, jing dong, ticktack

mind: buzz

oil: sizzle

paper: rustle

planes: zoom, crash,

radios: squeak

rain: patters, pit-pat-pit-pat

rifle: crack, pop

ropes: crack, snap, pop

scissors: clip-clop

silk: rustle

snow: spatters

steam: hoop, hoos, hoot

stick: swish

stomach: rumble

stones: smack, flop

tears: plop

teeth: chatter

telephone: ring, jangle

thunder: clap, peal, rumble,

tongue: click

trains: rattle, clatter, whistle, murmur

trumps(号): toot

trucks: rumble, grunt

type writers: tap, clatter

watches: tick, ticktack

water: babbles, bubbles, drip-draps, splashes, sizzles, spish-splash, hiss,

wheels: rumble, crunch, whir

whips(鞭子): flick, smack, snap, swish

whistles: whack

wind: haot, toot, howl, rattle, sough

windows: rattle

有关动物的象声词

apes: (猿）gibber叽哩咕噜

asses: (驴)bray, heehaw

babies: cry

bear: growl

bees: buzz, hum, murmur, drone

beetles(甲虫): drone

birds: chatter, chirp, chirrup, flap, peck, sing, squawk, twitter,

bulls: bellow, bow

camels: grunt

cats: miaow, mew, purr

cattle: low

chicken: cheep, peep, pip

chicks: cheep

child: chatter

cock: crow, cock-a-doodle-do

cows: boo, low, moo, moo,

crickets(蟋蟀): chirp

crows: caw, croak

deer: beat

dogs: bark, bay, bow-wow, grow, how, whine, yap, yelp

donkeys: bray, hee-haw

doves: coo, crood, croud, croodle

ducks: quack, screech

eagle: scream

elephants: trumpet

flies: buzz, hum, drone

foxes: yelp, bark

frogs: croak

geese: cackle, gabble, gaggle, hiss

goats: bleat, baa

hawks: scream,

hens: cackle, chuckle

horse: whiney, nicker, neigh, snort,

hounds: bay

insects: chirp

kittens(小猫): mew

larks(百灵): sing, warble

lions: roar

magpies（喜鹊）: chatter

man: giggle, hem(哼)，ouch, hush, mumble, chatter, bravo, murmur, whisper mice: peep, squeak

monkeys: chatter, japer, screech, chatter

mosquitoes: buzz, hum, drom

night eagles: ner

owls: hoot, scream, screech, whop

owls: hoot, screech, scream

ox: bo, how, moo

parrots: talk, quack

pigeons: coo, crood, croodle

pigs crowd

puppies: yelp

rabbits: suqeak

seagulls(海鸥): scream

sheep: bleat, baa

snakes: hiss

sparrows: chatter, chirp, twitter

swallows: twitter

swans: cry

tigers: roar, groul, gaoll

turkeys: gobble

vultures(秃鹫): scream

whales: blow

wide goose(大雁): honk

wolves: howl growl

2)有关物体的象声词

abacus(算盘) balls: pit-a-pat, pita pat

arrows: whistle, whiz

artillery(大炮): booms

balls: bounce

bank notes: rustle

bayonets: clink and clash

beats: pit-a-pat, pita pat, thump, thud, patter

bellows(风箱): flip-flap

bells: clink, clang, jingle, jingle-jangles-jingle, ding dong.

bikes: jangle

boots(皮靴): crunch

bottles: crack, crick-crack, rattle

bow string: snap

bowels: rumble

brakes: screech

branches: snap

breeze: puffs

bullets: whistle, whiz, zip

buses: rattle, hoot, and thump

cameras: snick

candles: splutter

cars: crash, toot(horn)

carts: rumble, creak

cattle: low

chains: clank

clocks: ding dang, tick, ticktack, tic tak

clothes: rustle

coins: jingle

cooking pots: sizzle

cords: pop

curtains: flap

dishes: ding dang, jingle, clatter

doors: creak, rat-tat-tat, rat tattoo, rattle,

drums: rub-a-dub, rataplan

dry leaves: rustle

eating: slurp

engines: chug, chum, whistle

feet: chatter, tramp

fingers snap

fire crackers: bang, pup

fire snap

flags: flap flutter

floor: creak

glass: crash, clinks,

gongs: ding-dang

guns pup, boom, click

hands: clap, flick

high heal shoes: click

horns: toot

horse's hooves: dip-clop

jade: tickle

keys: clink

knife and fork: clack

leather shoes: click-clack

leaves: whisper, rustle,

locks: snap, click,

locomotive(火车头): puff

machines: buzz,

machines guns: rattle, chatter, tat-rat, tat-tat-tat

metal: ting, clash, clink, tinkle, jing dong, ticktack

mind: buzz

oil: sizzle

paper: rustle

planes: zoom, crash,

radios: squeak

rain: patters, pit-pat-pit-pat

rifle: crack, pop

ropes: crack, snap, pop

scissors: clip-clop

silk: rustle

snow: spatters

steam: hoop, hoos, hoot

stick: swish

stomach: rumble

stones: smack, flop

tears: plop

teeth: chatter

telephone: ring, jangle

thunder: clap, peal, rumble,

tongue: click

trains: rattle, clatter, whistle, murmur

trumps(号): toot

trucks: rumble, grunt

type writers: tap, clatter

watches: tick, ticktack

water: babbles, bubbles, drip-draps, splashes, sizzles, spish-splash, hiss,

wheels: rumble, crunch, whir

whips(鞭子): flick, smack, snap, swish

whistles: whack

wind: haot, toot, howl, rattle, sough

windows: rattle

英语拟声词和惊叹词表达的感情或感觉或当时的情景

Ah! 羡慕，满意

Aha! 满意，愉快，胜利

Ahem! 唤起注意

Alas! 遗憾，悲痛，不幸

Bah! 轻蔑，厌恶

Brrr! 寒冷

Darn!(Darn it!) 愤怒，失望

Eeeek! 害怕

For goodness sake! 惊奇，害怕

Gad! 惊奇，不赞同

Gee! 惊奇，赞美

God!(Good god! Great God! 惊奇，恐惧

My God! Oh, God!)

Good gracious! 惊奇，恼怒

Goodness! 惊奇，害怕，恼怒

Gosh! 惊奇

Heaven forbid! 惊奇，害怕

Heaven help me! 惊奇，害怕

(Good) Heavens! 惊奇，害怕

Help! 求助

Hey! 惊奇，喜悦，疑问，或唤起注意

Hmmm! 思考

Ho(a)! 惊奇，满足，喜悦或唤起注意

I’ll be darned! 惊奇

Jesus(Christ)! 不满意，失望，痛苦，惊恐

Look out! 警告

Mmmm! 品尝满意

Mercy! 惊奇

Mercy me! 惊奇

My! 惊奇，羡慕

My,my! 惊奇

My goodness! 惊奇，害怕

My word! 惊奇

Oh! 惊奇，诧异，害怕，疼痛

Oh, boy! 激动，惊奇，惊喜（男女都可说）

Oh, dear! 惊奇

Oh,my! 惊奇，羡慕

Oh, no! 害怕，惊奇，失望

Oho! 惊奇

Oh-oh! 遇到不顺心的事

oops[u:ps, ups]int. 表示惊讶, 狼狈时所发的喊声

Ouch 疼痛

Ow! 疼痛

Oh, well! 无可奈何

Psst! 唤起注意

Say! 唤起注意，或想起什么

Shit! 愤怒，厌恶，沮丧

Thank God! 宽慰，感谢

Thank goodness! 感谢

Tsk-tsk! 不赞同

Tut-tut! 不满，不耐烦

Ugh! 厌恶

Unbelievable! 惊讶

Watch it! 警告

Watch out! 警告

Well! 惊奇，宽慰

Well, I never! 惊奇，愤怒

Well,well! 惊奇

Whew! 如释重负

Whoopee! 高兴

Whoop! 欣喜，兴奋，或因手脚笨拙而感到尴尬

Wow! 诧异，惊讶，羡慕，快乐

Yuck 厌恶

牛叫An ox lows (bellows) .

A bull lows (bellows) . 公牛吼叫(哞哞叫)

A cow moos (boos , lows) . 母牛哞哞叫。

A calf bleats. 小牛咩咩叫。

羊叫A goat bleats. 山羊咩咩叫。

A sheep baas. 绵羊咩咩叫。

A lamb bleats (baas) . 小羊咩咩(叫) 。

狗叫A dog bow2wows (yaps , yelps , bays , barks , snarls , growls , howls) . 狗汪汪叫。

A hound bays. 猎狗连续吠叫。

A puppy yelps. 小狗狺吠。

猫叫A cat meous (meows , mews , purrs) . 猫咪咪叫(喵喵叫,发呼噜声) 。

A kitten mews. 小猫喵喵叫。

鸡叫A cock crows. 公鸡喔喔叫。

A hen cluks (cackles , chucks , chuckles) . 母鸡咯咯叫。

A chick cheeps (pips , peeps , pules) . 小鸡叽叽叫。

A turkey gobbles. 火鸡咯咯叫。

鸭叫A duck quacks. 鸭子呱呱叫。

鹅叫A goose cackles (gabbles , gaggles) . 鹅咯咯叫(嘎嘎叫) 。

A wild2goose honks. 野鹅鸣叫。

狮子叫A lion roars. 狮子吼叫。

老虎叫A tiger growls (roars) . 老虎咆哮(吼叫) 。

狼叫A wolf howls (growls) . 狼嗥叫。

象叫An elephant trumpets. 象吼叫。

马叫A horse neighs (whinnies , nickers) . 马嘶;马萧萧。

猴叫A monkey chatters. 猴子唧唧叫。

猪叫A pig squeals (grunts) . 猪大声尖叫(发呼噜声) 。

喜鹊叫A magpie chatters. 喜鹊喳喳叫。

鹦鹉叫A parrot squawks. 鹦鹉咯咯呱呱叫鸽子叫A dove / pigeon coos. 鸽子咕咕叫。夜莺叫A nightingale jugs (jug2jugs) . 夜莺啾啾叫。

猫头鹰叫An owl hoots (whoops) . 猫头鹰唬唬叫。

麻雀叫A sparrow twittlers (chirps , chirrups) . 麻雀唧唧喳喳叫。

云雀叫A lark warbles. 云雀啭鸣。

青蛙叫A frog croaks. 青蛙呱呱叫。

苍蝇叫A fly hums (buzzes , drones) . 苍蝇嗡嗡叫。

蚊子叫A mosquito hums (buzzes , drones) . 蚊子嗡嗡叫。

蟋蟀叫A cricket chirps (chirrups) . 蟋蟀唧唧叫。

知了叫A cikada chirps (chirrups) . 蝉知了知了叫。

全新版大学英语-2-英语短语翻译整理

Unit 1 Ⅰ. Useful Expressions 1. 被系在…上be attached to… 2. 探索行为exploratory behavior 3. 偶尔on occasion 4. 父母的责任parental duties 5. 揭示，阐明throw light on 6. 最终目的an ultimate purpose 7. 要做的动作desired action 8. 所希望的结果desirable outcome 9. 关键critical point 10. 育儿观 value of child rearing 11. 弥补某种错误行为making up for a misdeed 12. 回想起来in retrospect 13. 善意的well-intentioned 14. 前来帮助某人come to sb.’s rescue 15. 极其熟练、温和地with extreme facility and gentleness 16. 适用于apply to 17. 发展到evolve to 18. 发展创造力promote creativity 19. 值得追求的目标worthwhile goals Ⅵ. Sentence Translation 1. But one of the most telling lessons Ellen and I got in the difference between Chinese and American ideas of education came not in the classroom but in the lobby of the Jinling Hotel where we stayed in Nanjing. (=然而，我和艾伦获得的有关中美教育观念差异的最难忘的体验并非来自课堂，而是来自我们在期间寓居的金陵饭店的大堂。) 2. He probably got as much pleasure out of the sounds the key made as he did those few times when the key actually found its way into the slot. (=他从钥匙声响中得到的乐趣大概跟他偶尔把钥匙成功地塞进槽口而获得的乐趣一样多。) 3. I soon realized that this incident was directly relevant to our assigned tasks in China: to investigate the ways of early childhood education (especially in the arts), and to throw light on Chinese attitudes toward creativity. (=我很快意识到，这件小事与我们在中国要做的工作直接相关：考察儿童早期教育（尤其是艺术教育）的方式，揭示了中国人对创造性活动的态度。) 4. 我的中国同行，除了少数几个人外，对此事的态度与金陵饭店工作人员一样。(= With a few exceptions my Chinese colleagues displayed the same attitude as the staff at the Jinling Hotel.)

拟声词翻译

拟声词又叫象声词，是用于模拟各种声响的词。拟声词在英汉语言中都有。《诗经》第一首诗第一句就有“关关雎鸠”，其中“关关”便是模仿鸟鸣的拟声词。《木兰辞》中“唧唧复唧唧”的“唧唧”便是模仿织布机的声音。英语中的拟声词也是俯拾即是。如crash(哗啦)，clash(当啷)，splash(扑通)，croak(呱呱),yelp(汪汪)等，都是人们日常经常使用的拟声词。英汉语中的拟声词丰富形象，极大地增强了英语和汉语表现力的多样性和生动性，成为这两种语言宝库中的璀璨明珠。 一、英汉拟声词对比 (一）构成比较 拟声造词是拟声词独特的构词方法。如giggle(咯咯地笑)，twitter(叽叽喳喳地讲，吱吱叫)，hiss(蛇、沸水等嘶嘶作声)，rustle(树叶、纸等沙沙作响)，baa(羊等咩咩叫)，quack(鸭子嘎嘎地叫)，bang(砰砰作响)…… 从语言学角度讲，语音是拟声词的载体及原始形态。研究拟声词的构成离不开对其语音成分的分析。拟声词的语音构成是有一定规律可循的。一般来说，/s/表示如蛇、沸水等的嘶嘶声；/l/表示流畅、欢快的声音，如小溪流水声等；/m/，/n/表示郁闷、沉长的声音;/k/,/*/表示急促、尖锐的声音。元音也一样,单元音、双元音和三元音柔和、婉转，短元音急促、粗硬(黄任，1996)。以gr-开始的音指沉闷而令人不快的声音，如growl, grunt等；以h-开始的音则有猛烈的意思，如hack, hunt等；而以-ump结尾的一些单词有重、厚、沉闷的意思，如clump, dump, hump, thump, stump等。 英汉语中都有单音节、双音节、三音节和四音节的拟声词，且均是双音节居多、单音节次之、三音节和四音节的词最少。汉语中有些双音节词是通过重叠单音节词而来，如：哗哗、嗖嗖、刷刷、嘟嘟。有的三音节词是通过重复双音节词的最后一个音节而来的，如：呼啦啦、哗啦啦、呼噜噜。有的四音节词是通过分别重叠两个音节而来，如：叽叽喳喳、淅淅沥沥等。英语里也有重叠拟声，如pit-a-pat, pitter-patter, tick-tack分别是重复pat, pater, tack，只是把元音字母a改成了i; 还有把两个拟声词合在一起来拟声，如uproar, jingle jangle, cling-clang。 (二) 逼真度比较 拟声大都只是大体上像某种现实的声音，有的比较接近，有的不过大体表现出声音的简单轮廓或部分轮廓，有的则相去甚远。但相比较而言，汉语的基本拟声词逼真度较高些，至少不会像英语那样用同一个词来模拟好几种声音,如 rustle用来模拟“唰”、“哗啦”、“刷拉”、“瑟瑟”、“飒飒”几种声音，而rumble可以表示“轰隆”、“咕隆”、“咕噜”这三种声音。 (三) 用法比较 英汉语中，拟声词的使用都很复杂，但如下两点较为明显。其一，英语的拟声词可以用作动词（包括限定式和非限定式）和名词（作介词宾语构成短语作状语等）；其二，汉语基本拟声词直接作状语或与“……的一声”连用作状语修饰动词。如：（1）The car rolled bang into the telegraph pole. 汽车砰的一声撞在电线杆上。 （2）The bullets whizzed over his head. 子弹嗖嗖地飞过他的头顶。 （3）Her heart went pit-a-pat.

八年级英语上册翻译句子整理

八年级英语上册翻译句子整理 Unit5 据我所知，他将外出三个月。As far as I know,he will be away for three months. 我们教室有30米宽50米长。Our classroom is 30 meters wide and 50 meters long. 这个省的人口有一千万。The population of this province is ten million. 关于今天的旅行，请随意问任何问题。Feel free to ask me anything on today’s tour. 校长总是第一个到校。Headmaster is always the first one to get to school. 爬山运动是世界上最危险的运动之一。 Mountain climbing is one of the world’s most dangerous sports. 长城有多长？How long is the Great Wall? 我们应尽可能保护那些处于危险中的动物。 We should protect the animals in danger as possible as we can. 有不到2000只熊猫生活在剩余的森林里。 There are fewer than 2000 pandas living in the remaining forest 学生们正在为这次考试做准备。The students are preparing for the exam. 我大约一星期后就回来。I’ll be back in a week or so. 这座桥有多长？大约100米。How long is the bridge? It’s about one hundred meters long. 我们的老师总是第一个到校。Our teacher is always the first one to get to school. 这个大厅是我们教室的5倍。This hall is four times bigger than our classroom. 他们把森林里的树砍倒了。They cut down the trees in the forest. 在过去，很多人死于饥饿。In the past,many people died of hunger. 外面有一个妇女在扫地。There is a woman sweeping the floor. 你知道中国是最古老的国家之一吗？ Do you know China is one of the most ancient countries? 黄河是中国第二长河。The yellow river is the second longest river in China. 中国的人口比印度的人口多。The population of China is larger than that of India. 中国有超过5000年的历史，它比美国的历史要长的多。 China is more than 5000 years old. It has a much longer history than the US. 尼罗河比世界上任何一条其它河流都长。 The Nile is longer than any other river in the world. 世界上没有和太平洋一样大的海洋。No ocean in the world is as big as the Pacific Ocean. 面对危险，他很勇敢。He is brave in the face of danger.

2018考博英语翻译练习题及答案【十篇】

2018考博英语翻译练习题及答案【十篇】 仰望天空时，什么都比你高，你会自卑;俯视大地时，什么都比你低，你会自负;只有放宽视野，把天空和大地尽收眼底，才能在苍穹泛土之间找到你真正的位置。无须自卑，不要自负，坚持自信。以下我无忧考网为考生整理的《2018考博英语翻译练习题及答案第二部分【十篇】》供您查阅。 2018考博英语翻译练习：泡腊八蒜 考博英语翻译题型多为汉译英，各博士招生院校大多都有此题型，考博英语复习初期阶段新东方在线考博频道为考博生们整理了一些考博英语翻译练习，供大家平日复习。 泡腊八蒜是中国北方，尤其是华北地区的一个习俗。顾名思义，就是在阴历腊月初八的这天来泡制大蒜。其实材料非常简单，就是醋和大蒜瓣儿。做法也是极其简单，将剥了皮的蒜瓣儿放到一个可以密封的罐子、瓶子之类的容器里面，然后倒入醋，封上口放到一个冷的地方。慢慢地，泡在醋中的蒜就会变绿，最后会变得通体碧绿的，如同翡翠碧玉。老北京人家，一到腊月初八，过年的气氛一天赛过一天，

华北大部分地区在腊月初八这天有用醋泡蒜的习俗。 译文参考： Laba garlic bulbs in the north,particularly in North China,a custom. As the name suggests,at the eighth daytime of the twelfth lunar day the Chinese people are apt to cook garlic.In fact,the materials is very easy, that is,vinegar and garlic petal.Approach is extremely simple too,the rinded garlic cloves can be sealed into a jar,flasks and the favor inside the container,then pour vinegar,sealed port into a cold location. Slowly, the garlic drenched in vinegar ambition turn green,and finally transform entire body green as emerald jade.Old Beijing human,1 to the eighth daytime of the twelfth lunar month,one day outdo the air of Chinese New Year day in most parts of north China this day be serviceable in the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month vinegar and garlic bulbs custom. 解析： 大蒜：garlic

英语翻译——笔记整理及单词概述

考研翻译重点词汇 Abstract n.摘要，概要，抽象 adj.抽象的，深奥的，理论的 Accelerate vt.&vi.（使）加快，（使）增速， n.接受速成教育的学生 Account (1)看法,认识 (2)解释,说明 Account for 占…(多大)比重; 解释, 说明 Achievement n.成就；成绩；功绩，达到；完成 Acquire vt.得到，养成，vt 获得；招致，学得（知识等），求得，养成（习惯等），捕获， Action n.作用，动[操]作，行动，机械装置[作用]，（小说等中的）情节 Activity n.活动，活动的事物，活动性，机能，功能 Actually adv.现实的，实际的；目前的；明确的，有效的 Additional adj.增加的，额外的，另外的 Advance vt.&vi.（使）前进，（使）发展；促进， vt.提出 Advantage n.利益，便利，有利方面，有利条件；优点；优势， （网球等）打成平手（deuce ）而延长比赛后一方先得的一分（攻方所得称 advantage in ，守方所得则称 advantage out ） Agree vi.一致；相合同意，赞成约定，允诺，答应，相宜，调和，符合，和睦相处 Almost adv.几乎，差不多，差一点；将近 Amount n.量，数量，数额，总额，总数 vi.合计，共计 An immense amount of … 大量 An amount of … 一些 A certain amount of … 某些 Analogous 与…类似, 与…相似 And 而, 然而 Apply … to … ≈ lie with 存在于,发生于 Approach vt.&vi.接近，走近，靠近； vt.接洽，交涉；着手处理； n.靠近，接近，临近 Appropriate adj.适当的，恰当的； vt.挪用；占用；盗用 Argue vt.&vi.争吵，辩论； vt.坚决主张，提出理由证明，说服，劝说 Arise vi.&link v.呈现；出现；发生； vi.起身，起来，起立 As 译为 (1) 像, 如 ; (2) 作为 As … as (比较的两者要一致) = not so … as 译成:“… 和 … 一样 ” As is mentioned above 如上所述, (如上所示,如图所示---作文可以写) Aspect n.方面，方位，朝向 Assert vt.声称，断言，维护，坚持 Assume vt.假设，认定, 臆断，猜想，假装，担，担任，就职 Attempt n.尝试，企图vt.尝试，企图 Augment vt.增加，提高，扩大； n.增加，提高，扩大 Availability n.可用性，有效性，实用性 Base n.基础，底座，基地，根据地 vt.把…建立在，以…为基础 Behavioral adj.动作的，行为方面的 Big bang 大爆炸理论 Branch n.树枝，枝条，支，分科，分系； vi.出枝，树叉 Breakthrough : 突破 Break prison (监狱)越狱 Break out v. 爆发 Out break: n. 爆发

《拟声词的翻译》

拟声 the rataplan of the drum the clangour of the gong the clanking of the chains/kettle s the ding-dong of the hammer the clashing of the knives & swords the tick-tack of the clock &

watch

the tinkling of the piano the tinkling of the phone (the tingling of the glass) the jingling of the bells the jangling of the bicycle the screeching of the brakes the squeaking of the radio

the creaking/ rattling of the handcart the rumbling of the cart the rumbling of the truck (the rumbling of the thunder) (the rumbling of the stomache) (the booming of artillery)

the bumping of the van the clanging of the tram &trolley the humming of the subway the puffing of the train the tooting of the bugle & horn & train whistle the shrieking of the siren (fire~/air-raid/ambula nce) the whee-ee-ee of the

商务英语句子翻译整理

1、我们愿与贵公司建立业务往来。 We are willing to establish trade relations with your company. 2、我们愿为发展双方贸易提供机会。 We wish to offer you an opportunity to develop bilateral trade. 3、我公司经营电子产品的进出口业务，希望与贵方建立商业关系。 This corporation specializes in importing and exporting electronic products and wishes to enter into business relations with you. 4、根据你公司1月20日来函要求，现附寄目录一份。 As requested in your letter of Jan.20, we enclose a copy of our catalogue. 5、对你努力为我公司开拓市场，深表感谢 We very much appreciate your efforts to explore the market for our products. 6、我们相信，我们双方的业务将随着时间的推移而得到发展。 We are sure that the business between us will be promoted in years to come. 7、我们保证对于贵方的询价给予充分的重视。 We assure you of our best attention to any inquiries from you. 8、殷切地盼望早日来函。We anticipate a prompt reply from you. 9、如果你方报价具有竞争性，交货期可接受的话，我们愿向你方订货。 We shall be very glad to place our order with you if your quotation is competitive and delivery date acceptable. 10、一旦收到你方具体询价，我们将电告报价。 As soon as we receive your specific inquiry, we will cable our quotation. 11、如果你方有兴趣，请电告我方，说明所需数量。 If you are interested, please cable us, indicating the quantity you require. 12、此发价为实盘，以你方在本月底前复到有效。 This offer is firm, subject to your reply which should reach us not later than the end of this month. 13、我们对贵方发盘颇感兴趣，几日内将给予明确答复。 We find your offer very interesting and shall give you a definite reply in a few days. 14、鉴于我们长期的贸易关系，特报此盘。 It is in view of our longstanding business relationship that we make you such an offer. 15、这是我方最新价格单，您会发现我们价格是具有竞争性的。 This is our latest price list. You will find our price is very competitive. 16、如果你方订货数量大，价格还可以进一步考虑。 We can reconsider our price if your order is big enough. 17、若你方愿降低价格，比方说百分之五，我们愿向你方试订此货。 Should you be prepared to reduce the price by, say 5%, we should place trial order with you. 18、鉴于我们已按此价与买主大量成交，我们不可能再降价了。 In view of the fact that we have done a lot of business with buyers at this price, we cannot reduce our price any further. 19、我们建议你方再次考虑发价，使之与国际市场价格一致起来。 We suggest that you reconsider your price, and bring it into line with the international market price. 20、我方决定再作百分之二的让步，希望这能有助于你方推销产品。 We have decided to make a further concession of 2% in the hope that this will help you push the sales of our

英语翻译练习整理新

英语翻译练习 ( 1 ) 当前最重要的任务是发展国民经济，提高人民生活水平。为了实现这个目标，我们必须改革旧的经济体制，以便进一步解放生产力。我们应当向世界敞开大门，以便学习其他国家先进的科学和技术。只要我们坚持改革开放政策，就一定能把我国建设成为强大的社会主义强国。The most important task is to develop our national economy and improve people’s living standard. To realize the aim, we must reform our old economy system, so as to liberate the productive forces furthe. We should open doors to the world, to learn the advance science and technology of the other countries. As long as we stick to our reform and open-door policy, we are sure to make our country into a strong and great socialist country. (2) 为了接待每年数以百万计的外国游客，我国旅游部门正在想方设法改善旅游住宿设施。许多地区正在开发新的旅游中心，兴建更多的现代宾馆，培训更多的外语导游，以适应日益发展的旅游业的需要。 To receive millions of foreign visitors annually, china’s tourism department are trying rvery possible means to improve accommodation for tourists. In many places new tourism centers are being exploited, more and more modern hotels are being set up and foreign language speaking tourist guides are being trained to meet the growing needs of tourism industry. (3) 教育在社会经济发展和提高人类文化素质方面起着重要的作用。科学和技术的进步将有力地推动教育的发展。同时教育的发展又将促进科学技术的进步。因此，将发展教育放在一个重要的位置上是非常必要的。 Education plays an important role in the social economic development and the improvement of individwal’s cultural qualities. The advance in science and technology will give a big push to the development of education and the education will promote the scientific and technical progress. Therefore it is recessary to give an important position very necessary to put educational development in a significant position to the education development (4) 不吸烟者的权利问题在许多国家里开始讨论。迄今为止，多数国家很少或还没有采取措施。众所周知，从长远的观点看，如果能完全禁止吸烟，那么人们的境况将得到很大的改善。但显然，我们对此尚无准备。 The issue of non-smoker s’rights began to be talked about in many countries.Up to now ,most countries have taken little or even no actions. It is well- known to all that if smoking is completely banned,people’s living conditions will be greatly improved in the long run,but obviously, we have not got ready for that. (5) 很多教师认为，学习主要依赖于学生本人。教师起指导作用，布置书单，让学生阅读，希望学生能够熟悉阅读得到的信息。理想的学生被认为是为了学习而学习的学生，更是为了学习而使用知识的学生，而并非仅仅想取得高分的学生。 Many teachers believe that learning mainly depends on students theirselves. Teachers just guide them and give them a reading list, expecting them to be familiar with the information acquired for the sake of learning,not those who are interested only in getting high grades. (6)

英语四级翻译整理

【翻译原文】 自上世纪90年代后期起，七夕节(the Double SeventhFestival )开始被称为“中国的情人节”。这个节日可以追溯到汉朝，当时对恋人、女孩都是个特殊的日子。这天，女孩会举行仪式，向织女(Zhinv)乞求智慧、技艺和美满婚姻，所以七夕节还被称为“乞巧节(the Begging for SkillsFestival)”。如今，一些传统习俗已经弱化。人们现在把七夕节当作浪漫的情人节来庆祝，尤其是在年轻人中间。 【参考译文】 The Double Seventh Festival has been called ChineseValentine's Day since the late 1990s. The festival canbe traced back to the Han Dynasty. It was then aspecial day not only for lovers, but also for girls.Girls would hold a ceremony to beg Zhinv forwisdom, skills and a satisfying marriage. So it is also called “the Begging for Skills Festival”.Today some traditional customs have been weakened. Now the festival is celebrated as aromantic valentine's day, particularly among young people. 【翻译原文】 腊八节(the Laba Festival)在农历最后一个月的第八天庆祝，标志着春节庆祝活动的开始。“腊”指“腊月(the 12thlunar month)”，是农历第十二个月，“八”指的是数字8。腊八节通常在1月中旬。大多数汉族人遵循腊八节喝腊八粥(Laba rice porridge)的习俗。腊八粥最早在宋朝传入中国。据史料记载，一些大型寺庙会为穷人提供腊八粥来表达对佛祖(Buddha)的虔诚。明朝时，腊八粥成为皇帝在此节日赏赐群臣的神圣食物。 【参考译文】 Laba Festival is celebrated on the eighth day of thelast lunar month, marking the beginning ofcelebrating the Chinese Spring Festival. La means the12th lunar month and ba means the number eight.The date usually falls in mid-January. The majorityof people from Han nationality has followed the tradition of eating Laba rice porridge on theLaba Festival. Laba rice porridge was first introduced to China in the Song Dynasty. Accordingto historical records, some large temples would offer the poor Laba rice porridge to show theirfaith to Buddha. In the Ming Dynasty, it became a holy food that emperors would use to awardtheir officials on the festival. 【翻译原文】 早在公元前200年中国人就开始食用面条，它在中国饮食中占据重要的地位，种类繁多，如鸡蛋面、米粉(rice noodles)，绿豆(mung bean )面和小麦面。在中国北方地区，小麦面条作为主食(staple food)比人米吃得多。米粉则在南方地区更普遍。中国面条有不同的宽度和厚度，似通常都较长，因为中国人认为这象征着长寿，因此面条经常出现在生日庆祝活动中，被称为长寿面(longevity noodles)。 【参考译文】 Noodles were eaten by Chinese as early as 200 BCand occupy an important position in Chinese food.It has many kinds, such as egg noodles, ricenoodles, mung bean noodles and wheat noodles. Inthe northern regions of China, wheat noodles arethe staple food and eaten more than rice. Rice noodles are more commonly consumed insouthern China. Chinese noodles are of varying width and thickness, but they are usually longbecause they

拟声词的翻译1

英语动物拟声词及其翻译 一、引言 英语与汉语虽然属于两种不同的语言系统,但是都有着丰富的拟声词。英语拟声(onomatopoeia) 与汉语修辞格拟声完全相同,都是模拟事物自然声音的一种构词方法。 各种动物的声音在经验世界中随处可闻,动物拟声词也就应运而生。动物拟声词在英语拟声词中占有很重要的份额,它比汉语动物拟声词还要丰富多样。汉语动物拟声词往往用简单和笼统的一个“叫”字来表述,而英语一般都用专门的拟声词来表达各种不同动物的叫声。正确地翻译动物拟声词,能够烘托气氛、显示意境、增强声势和实地情景感,使平淡的句子变得鲜活生动、富有情趣,创造出一种使人身临其境、如闻其声的氛围,达到传声达情和闻声解意的语用目的。 二、英语动物拟声词的类型与翻译 英语动物拟声词可以分为直接拟声( Primary Onomatopoeia) 和间接拟声( Secondary Onomatopoeia) 两种类型, 在翻译中存在着较明显的区别。 直接拟声指的是动物的声音与意义基本吻合,能够直接产生音义之间的相互联想。如听见[mu : ]的声音使人想到母牛的“哞哞”声。英语中许多表示动物鸣叫声的词是直接拟声,它与汉语的拟声词存在许多相同之处,在发音上十分接近。如猫叫声,英语拟声词为mew , miaow , 汉语拟声词为“喵”;鸽子的叫声,英语拟声词为coo ,汉语拟声词为“咕咕”;鸭子的叫声,英语拟声词为quack ,汉语拟声词为“呱呱”;鹅的叫声,英语拟声词为cackle ,汉语拟声词为“咯咯”; 青蛙的叫声,英语拟声词为croak ,汉语拟声词为“嗝嗝”。这类拟声词摹拟动物的发音,英语与汉语基本上相同或相近, 翻译时只要借助汉语的习惯表达法,就能够使读者达到动物如在眼前的感受,从而产生丰富的联想。 间接拟声指的是词的发音并不直接唤起某种听觉的经验,即并非对动物自然声音的直接模拟,而是引起一种运动的感觉,或者某种物质与精神特性的感觉。换言之,间接拟声是指音与某种象征性意义发生联想。张培基先生认为, S是咝音字母,它的发音可使人联想到许多动物的相似声。比如,蛇的嘶嘶声,马喷鼻息的嘶嘶声等。英语中snake 和serpent 都作蛇解,由于两词都带S 字母,音义之间就有了一定的联系。文体学家认为H 字母能象征一种努力或费劲,这是因为H 字母是个吐气音。如发haste , hasten , hurry , hurl等词语时,吐气音和发音器官的动作都能使人联想到用力时的气喘。“sn2”的辅音组合,既能使人联想到呼吸时发出的声音,如sniff , snuff , snore 等,又能表示快速敏捷的动作,如snip , snap , snatch , 还能使人联想到滑溜溜的爬行动物snake , snail 等。M 是个低沉的鼻音,能象征鸟雀的喃喃声和昆虫的嗡嗡声。如: The moan of doves in immemorial elms ,

英语句子翻译

Unit 1 1.汤姆说他要到邮局寄一个包裹。（drop off） Tom said he would drop the parcel off at the post office. 2.我仍然对有机会买那辆车但却没有买感到懊恼。（kick oneself） I’m still kicking myself for not buying that car when I had the chance to buy it. 3.别急！你们可以在话剧开演前一个小时去取票。（pick up） Take your time. You can pick up the tickets one hour before the play begins. 4.这些有关移民的文件是去年登记备案的。（file） These immigration papers were filed last year. 5.香港目前旧电器的回收率只有14%。（recovery） The present recovery rate of old electrical appliances in Hong Kong is only 14 percent. 6.一个机构所能拥有的唯一不可替代的资本就是人的知识和能 力。（irreplaceable） The only irreplaceable capital an organization can possibly possess is the knowledge and ability of its people. 7.卡洛琳（Caroline）说英语丝毫没有当地口音。（trace） Caroline speaks English without the slightest trace of the local accent. 8.潮水把遇难船上的货物冲到了岸边。（wrecked）

高级英语第一册 课后翻译练习汇总

Lesson 1The Middle Eastern Bazaar 1)一条蜿蜒的小路淹没在树荫深处 2)集市上有许多小摊子，出售的货物应有尽有 3)我真不知道到底是什么事让他如此生气。 4)新出土的铜花瓶造型优美，刻有精细、复杂的传统图案。 5)在山的那边是一望无际的大草原。 6)他们决定买那座带有汽车房的房子。 7）教师们坚持对学生严格要求。 8）这个小女孩非常喜欢他的父亲。 9）为实现四个现代化，我们认为有必要学习外国的先进科学技术。 10）黄昏临近时，天渐渐地暗下来了。 11）徒工仔细地观察他的师傅，然后照着干。 12）吃完饭弗兰克常常帮助洗餐具。Frank often took a hand in the washing-up after dinner. Lesson 2 Hiroshima-the Livest city in Japan 1)礼堂里一个人都没有，会议一定是延期了。 2)那本书看上去很像个盒子。

3)四川话和湖北话很相似，有时很难区别。 4)一看见纪念碑就想起了在战斗中死去的好友。 5)他陷入沉思之中，没有例会同伴们在谈些什么。 6)他干的事与她毫无关系。 7)她睡不着觉，女儿的病使她心事重重。 8)这件事长期以来一直使我放心不下。 9)他喜欢这些聚会，喜欢与年轻人交往并就各种问题交换意见。 10)大家在几分钟以后才领悟他话中的含义。 11)土壤散发着青草的气味。 12)我可以占用你几分钟时间吗？ 13)你能匀出一张票子给我吗？ 14)那个回头发上了年纪的人是铜匠。 Lesson 4 Everyday Use for your grandmama 1.一场大火把贫民区三百多座房子夷为平地。 2.只要你为人正直，不怕失去什么，那你对任何人都不会畏惧。

英语句子翻译整理范文

句子 1. ①It's an important matter. ②The article is full of matter. ③It is a matter of no laughing. ④After turning back from the post office, he had brought a lot of printed matter. 翻译： ①这事很要紧。 ②这篇文章内容丰富。 ③这个问题可不是开玩笑 ④从邮局回来后，他带回来一大堆印刷品。 2.①Modern communication facilities were equipped in each fishing boat, so the fishermen could get in touch with each other at any place. ②Regulations regarding the handing of hazardous wastes have become more stringent and complex. Facilities can no longer ignore their wastes. ③All the facilities in this lab should not be taken out without permission. ④The site ideally should have sufficient lands to provide a buffer zone between the facility and the public surrounding it.