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Word for Lecture 2 PPT

The Melting Pot melting:融化的

People of the United States

Basic figures

?The United States has a total resident population of 310,186,000,=the third most populous nation in the world, after China and India.

Basic figures

?It is a very urbanized population, with 81% residing in cities and suburbs as of mid-2005 (the worldwide urban rate was 49%). Urban:城市化的reside:郊区

?The world's population: approximately近似地6.6 billion.

?The current United States population: 4.5% of the world's population.

?About one in every twenty people on the planet is a resident of the United States of America.

2. The melting pot

?The United States has long been known as a melting pot because it is a country of many ethnic groups from different parts of the world__ population—31 ancestry groups have more than a million members.

?About 75% of these first Americans were of British ancestry;

?The rest were German, Dutch, French, Swiss, and Spanish.

?The English gave the new nation its language, its law, and its philosophy of government.

Composition of the population according to Ethnic grouping

?White Americans;

?African Americans;

?Asian Americans;

?American Indians and Alaskan natives

?Hispanics

1. White Americans

?Largest racial group = White Americans imcluding German Americans, Irish Americans, and English Americans constituting three of the country's four largest ancestry groups

?The people of the US are predominantly white, accounting for an estimated 79.96% of the total population in 2007.

?Compostion of the US Population

W ASPs

?White Anglo-Saxon Protestants

?1. First group: 1607

?2. peak: 1880-1914

?3. The most influential group, make up about 45%.

?4. The other white Americans came from other European countries.

?Irish peasants: 1860

2. African Americans

?African Americans are the nation's largest racial minority and third largest ancestry group.

?The first blacks arrived in Jamestown in 1619 as indentured servants.

?But soon after 1619 blacks were brougt to the colonies as slaves.

?After the Emancipation in 1863, they were freed formally.

?The official segregation continued to be the law of the US until 1954.

3. American Indians

?American Indians were the original inhabitants on the continent.

?The Indians have been cruely treated.

?They were drive n to barren desert regions, the so called “Indian Reservations”.

?In 2007, the U.S. population included an estimated 4.5 million people with some American Indian or Alaskan native ancestry.

4. Asian and Pacific Islanders

?Asian Americans are the country's second largest racial minority; the two largest Asian American ancestry groups are Chinese and Filipino.

?The Chinese were the first to come to the US. Beginning in 1848, when young male pesants came to get away from poverty and to work in American mines, on railroads, and in agricultureal fields.

The Chinese Americans

?“Chinatowns”;

?The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was an explicitly race-based immigration act.

?The Geary(基利,旧金山) Act of 1892 extended and strengthened the Chinese Exclusion Act

?The Chinese Exclusion Repeal Act of 1943 repealed the Chinese Exclusion Act and permitted Chinese nationals already in the country to become naturalized citizens.

?According to the 1990 US sensus, there were 1,465,472 Chinese-Americans in the US. The figure was twice more than what it was in 1980.

Polulation Distribution

?Nine cities had more than 1 million residents,

?four cities had over 2 million (New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston)

?There are fifty metropolitan areas with populations greater than 1 million.

?According to the 1990 census, the pace of urban growth increased between 1980 and 1990, as the total urban population rose to a new high of 75.2 percent. In 1990 urban dwellers numbered 192.7 people and the number of rural residents was 55.984 million.

?In fiscal year 2007, 1.05 million immigrants were granted legal residence.

?Mexico has been the leading source of new residents for over two decades;

?since 1998, China, India, and the Philippines have been in the top four sending countries every year.

?The northeastern part= the most densily populated region including the New England, the Middle West and the Middle Atlantic. one quarter of the total land area /a half of the US population;great cities: New York, Chicargo.

?The Great Plains are an area with a comparatively small population. Texas is the largest state in this region.

?The South, including Virginia, North and South Carolinas, Georgia, Florada, Alamama, Mississippi, Tennessee, Kentucky, Louisiana, and Arkansas has a population of 57.5 million people.

Major cities: Atlanta, Miami.

4. The West: not densely populated, except for some metropolitan centers like Los Angles, and San Francisco.

5. California, the most populous state in the US , 36,961,664(2009 sensus)

Population redistribution

?The population of the United States is highly mobile. In the 1980s and early 1990s redistribution from the North Central and Northeast states to the South and West continued to be a major trend.

Population redistribution

?This increase was not evenly distributed: About 12 million, or 54.3 percent of the growth, occurred in the states of California, Texas, and Florida.

?The population of a number of major cities—such as Chicago, Philadelphia, and Detroit—decreased substantially from 1980 to 1990.

Factors causing them to move:

1. Economic factors:

Employment opportunities and earning power

2. Non economic factors: climate, racial attitudes and family ties.

?Since 1970, there has been a new trend of migration in the US. More and more people migrated from cities to suburbs or nonmetropolitan areas.

Factors for the phenomenon:

?The widespread use of automobiles and the construction of express highways

?The telephone reduced the need for them to work and live in close proximity to one another.

?More living space, lower crime rates, less pollution, and superior schols.

?Mast Populous cities

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