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Practice exam 2 Answer key

The Anglosphere: Culture of the English Speaking World

Yanbian University

Fall Semester 2013

Practice exam 2

?You have 90 minutes to complete this test

?This exam will count for 40% of your final mark

?Part A: 30 Multiple choice questions (answer A,B,C,D)

?Part B: 10 Short answer questions

?Part C: 2 Extended answer questions ===================================== Part A: 30 Multiple Choice Questions [0.5 marks x 30 = 15 marks]

1.Anglo-Saxons left ___ and came to ____

a.Germany/Denmark, England

b.England, America

c.France, Scotland

d.Russia, France

2.Some of the largest ethnic groups who

have changed the demographics of the

south western US recently are

a.Mexicans and Latin Americans

b.Canadians and British

c.French and Germans

d.Jews and Muslims

3. A civilization is a group of countries

which share the same

a.Borders

b.Religion, Culture

c.Food,

d.Sport, TV shows

4.Who lived during the Elizabethan era?

a.George Washington

b.Shakespeare

c.Churchill

d.Lincoln

5.Decolonisation was

a.England taking over new

countries

b.England losing its colonies

c.England developing its colonial

economies

d. A religious movement in the

British colonies 6.During the American civil war ____

fought _____

a.The US / Soviet Russia

b.The Eastern States / The

Western States

c.The Northern States / The

Southern States

d.The US / Mexico

7. A major leader of the African American

Civil rights movement was

a.Martin Luther

b.Martin Luther King Jnr

c.Nelson Mandela

d.Barack Obama

8.Humanist believe that _____ are the

starting point for truth and the deepest

answers to life’s problems are found

through social, political, economic and

scientific solutions but theists believe that

____ is the starting point for truth and the

deepest answers to life’s problems are

found _____

a.God, humans, through science,

reason and progress

b.Science, reason and progress,

a thesis, through religion and

the church

c.Humans, God, through religion

and the church

d.Science, reason and progress,

humans, through religion and

the church

9.Restorationism and Restorationist

movements believe that God speaks

through

a.The traditions of the church

and the guidance of the Pope

b.Inner guidance, direct

revelation and special personal

experiences

c.Only through the Bible and

nothing else

d.Through secular humanistic

science and through the moral

teachings of the Bible

10._____ is the process of society becoming

less religious and _____ is the idea that

religion should not control society

a.Secularism, atheism

b.Secularization, secularism

c.Secularization, Darwism

d.Secular, secularism

11.Modern secular liberal humanism

teaches that

a.There is no God and eventually

science can solve all

humanity’s problems

b.God made the world and left it

after creation and eventually

science can solve all

humanity’s problems

c.God made the world and left it

after creation and eventually

science can solve all

humanity’s problems

d.There is no God and there is

no such thing as truth or right

and wrong

12.In Anglosphere democracies, a

multiparty system means

a.Many political parties are

allowed to take part in the

government

b.There is only one political party

allowed in the government

c.People have many parties and

have a good time

d.Many political parties fight each

other with their armies in a civil

war to control the government

13.Why is the Magna Carta (1215) so

important?

a.It began to magnify the maps

of England

b.The King of England showed

his generosity to the people

c.It began to give the king of

England more and more power

d.It began to legally limit the

power of the King in England

14.Two important principles of Common law

are

a.It is only used in

Commonwealth countries and

judges can refer to cases in

Commonwealth countries (not

the US)

b.It is based on Communist law

and the law of the local country

combined

c.It is the same legal system in

all the Anglosphere countries,

judges in one Anglosphere

country can refer to law cases

from another Anglosphere

country

d.It is used in all Western

countries, judges refer to law

from the Bible

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/2b18252615.html, a song which shows some ideas

behind British Exceptionalism

a.I am you are, we are Australian

b.Rule Britannia!

c.Sunday Bloody Sunday by U2

d.Peace on Earth by U2

16.What view often supports having a strong

US-Israel relationship in America?

a.American Exceptionalism

b.Zionism

c.Nazism

d.Protestantism

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/2b18252615.html, two important people who helped

influence the start of the sexual

revolution in the Anglosphere?

a.Billy Graham and Jerry Falwell

b.Alfred Kinsey and Hugh Hefner

c.Ronald Reagan and Margaret

Thatcher

d.Martin Luther King and John F

Kennedy

18.Existentialism influenced the rise of the

Sexual Revolution in the

a.1990s

b.1920s

c.1960s

d.1970s

19.Social mobility is

a.The ability to change social

class by increasing your

income

b.The ability for black people to

earn more money

c.The ability to make friends

easily by socialising

d.The ability to decide your future

20.What were the earliest historical origins

of banks, stock exchanges, and public

companies?

a.The Renaissance

b.The Renaissance, Reformation

c.The Renaissance, Reformation

and Enlightenment

d.The Enlightenment

21.Corporations are _______

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/2b18252615.html,rge government owned

factories

b.Public companies which do

business overseas

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/2b18252615.html,rge public companies which

issue shares on a stock

exchange

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/2b18252615.html,panies which manage

stock exchanges

22.White Supremacism was influenced by

______ and it influenced _______

a.British Israelism and Social

Darwinism / Nazism and the Ku

Klux Klan, Native schools

b.Zionism and Darwinism / Arab-

Israeli conflict

c.Socialism / Communist Party

d.Social Darwinism / Scopes

Trial, Native Schools

23.The process of people trying to get into

Australia on boats without a passport or

into the US over the Mexican border or

into the UK hidden in the back of truck is

called

a.Illegal multiculturalism

b.Legal migration

c.Illegal bordering

d.Illegal immigration 24.What is Devolution in the UK?

a.It means Scotland, Wales and

Northern Ireland are

independent from the UK

b.It means Ireland is independent

from the UK

c.It means Scotland, Wales and

Northern Ireland have their

own parliaments but are not

independent from the UK

d.It means that southern Ireland

(the Republic of Ireland) is

independent from the UK

25.Who is the Archbishop of Canterbury?

a.The leader of the Baptist

Churches

b.The leader of the Roman

Catholic Church

c.The leader of the Scottish

Presbyterian Church

d.The leader of the Church of

England

26.Thatcherism was influenced by ______

and it supports _____ of the economy

and is against _______.

a.Keynesianism, Nationalization,

Capitalism

b.Keynesianism, Privatization,

Socialism

c.Libertarianism, Nationalization,

Keynesianism

d.Libertarianism, Privatization,

Socialism

27.The 2008 financial crisis caused ______

and some people think it is the end of

_______

a.More people to have economic

opportunities for example to

start businesses / poverty

b.Some people to lose their jobs

and their homes and ended up

living in tents / the American

Dream

c.Some people to lose their jobs

and their homes and ended up

living in tents / the Dreamtime

d.More people to have economic

opportunities for example to

start businesses / the American

Dream

28.Which one of these was NOT directly

part of the background and causes of the

2011 London riots?

a.Tensions over race, class and

level income

b.Growing distrust of authorities

like the police and the

government

c.The Global Financial Crisis,

cuts to UK university funding

d.The Troubles in Northern

Ireland

29.While the first British settlers in America

were traders and Puritans, the first British

settlers in Australia were mostly

a.Farmers

b.Whalers

c.Convicts (prisoners)

d.Catholic missionaries

30.Why is Quebec a unique part of Canada?

a.It is a colony of France and

some people want it to be

independent from Canada

b.It is strongly influenced by

French language, people and

culture and some people want

it to be independent from

Canada

c.It is strongly influenced by

Spanish language, people and

culture and some people want

it to be independent from

Canada

d.It is strongly influenced by

Native Indian language, people

and culture and some people

want it to be independent from

Canada

Part B: 10 Short answer questions (write about 1-3 sentences) [10 x 2 marks = 20 marks]

1.What were the Anglosphere countries trying to do around the world during the Cold War?

Mention two examples of how they tried to achieve their goal.

The Anglosphere countries lead by the USA were trying to stop the spread of Communism around the world. Examples of how they tried to do this include the Korean War (1950-1953), the Vietnam War (1965-1975), helping the Afghans fight the Soviets in Afghanistan (1979-1989) 2.Why is the history of Western civilization divided into Ancient, Medieval and Modern

historical eras? Mention at least one important movement, idea or institution which

defined each era

Ancient western history was dominated by the Greeks and the Roman Empire until about 500AD, Judaism gave birth to Christianity and it started to Spread. The main worldviews were Judeo-Christian Theism and Greco-Roman Humanism. Rome controlled most of the countries in Europe that are today called Western countries, it collapsed around

500AD. From 500AD-1500AD the Roman Catholic Church was a dominant cultural influence in Western culture. Starting from the late 1400s and the 1500s, the Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation began. This divided Western countries between Protestant and Roman Catholic countries. England separated itself from the Roman Catholic Church and established the Church of England and England started to develop a more distinct culture. In the modern era since the 1500s, Western culture became influenced by Protestantism and then secularization because of the Enlightenment.

3.What happened to America on September 11 2001? What was the outcome and

response to this?

Islamic terrorists attack the US by flying planes into the Twin Towers / world trade center in New York and into the Pentagon. About 3000 people died. George W Bush announced the War on Terror and the Wars in Afghanistan (2001-) and Iraq (2003-2012) began.

4.Who is John Calvin? What are his ideas called? What movements did he influence? John Calvin is an important and influential Protestant leader. His ideas are called Calvinism or Reformed theology. He influenced the Presbyterians in Scotland and the Puritans in England and America (which included Low-church Anglicans, Presbyterians, Baptists and Congregationalists).

5.How did nihilism, existentialism and postmodernism reject both religion and modern

secular liberal humanism?

Nihilism, Existentialism and Postmodernism are all ideas which reject the belief that you can know what is right or wrong or what is true. Both traditional religion (such as Catholicism or Protestantism) and secular ideas (like Modern Secular Liberal Humanism) claim that we can know the truth and know what is right or wrong, Protestantism and Catholicism looked to the Bible and the church for truth and morals while Modernism looks to science and human reason for truth and morals. Modern secular liberal humanists often believe that eventually science can solve humanities problems and find the answers to life’s questions and challenges.

6.What is the disagreement between monarchism and republicanism in commonwealth

countries like the UK, Australia, Canada and New Zealand?

Monarchists believe that we should keep the King or Queen of England, and keep their connection to Commonwealth Realms such as Australia, Canada and New Zealand. Republicans believe that we should not have a King or Queen and that all these countries should become republics. Some Australians, Canadians and New Zealanders believe that it isn’t good that a foreign monarch still has some connection to the government of their country. Others think that the connection to history and tradition is a good thing.

7.How, when and why did the Sexual Revolution begin?

The Sexual Revolution began in the 1960s. It was influenced by ideas like existentialism which teaches that because God is dead, life is

otherwise meaningless and there is no such thing as right and wrong. Each individual can choose their own morals and values for themselves. They don’t have to listen to authorities like their parents, the church or the police. Many people began to people that they should be free to choose their own way about sex. The sexual revolution was also influenced by people such as Alfred Kinsey, a sexologist who wrote about sex and Hugh Hefner, an editor of a magazine called Playboy.

8.What is a mixed economy?

A mixed economy is an economy where some parts of the economy are owned, control or managed by the government and other parts of the economy are free from government control and are part of the free market. A mix economy mixes some aspects of socialism and some aspects of capitalism. Most Anglosphere countries are mixed economies.

9.What is white guilt?

White is feelings of shame and guilt felt by white people in recent decades because of the past racial injustice and mistreatment of non-white people such indigenous, African and Asian people. It sometimes motivates policies such as Affirmative action – letting black people have easier access to employment and educational opportunities. Some people say that it is only to allow white people to feel better about themselves.

10.What was Apartheid in South Africa?

Apartheid was a system of racial segregation in South Africa which lasted from 1948-1994. People of different races were kept separate in public places such as restaurants, beaches, public transportation. The white minority ruled over the black majority. It ended in 1994 when Nelson Mandela became President of South Africa.

Part C: 2 Extended answer questions [2 x 5 marks = 10 marks]

Choose ONLY two (2) questions to answer. Write your answers on the next page. Write 1-2 short paragraphs or about 3-6 sentences

1.How did the Protestant Reformation change the culture of the Anglosphere? What is the

difference between Protestantism and Roman Catholicism?

The Protestant Reformation changed the culture of the Anglosphere because England became a Protestant country and all the Anglosphere countries which were later settled by British people became mostly Protestant countries. England established the Church of England during the Protestant Reformation which created a national church for the UK where the British monarch was head of the church instead of the Pope. Protestant ideas like Calvinism influenced groups like the Presbyterians in Scotland and the Puritans in England and America. Some of the biggest differences between Protestants and Catholics are that Catholics believe that God speaks through the Pope and through the traditions of the church but Protestants believe God speaks through the Bible alone. Catholics believe that you must have faith in Jesus and be a good person (do good works) in order to be saved. Protestants believe that you only need to have faith in Jesus in order to be saved, then afterwards you are motivated to be a good person (do good works). The catholic church used Latin language in church and the Bible was in Latin, the Protestant churches used common people’s language and the Bible was translated into common languages like English. Catholic churches were more decorated and services were more elaborate, Protestant churches were more simple and the services were more simple. Catholics prayed to Mary and Saints, Protestants only prayed to Jesus.

2.How did the English Revolutions (1640s, 1688) change the role of the monarchy (King

or Queen) in the politics and government of the UK? How did they affect the churches in the UK?

The English Revolutions changed the role of the monarchy because they began to legally limit the power of the King, they helped establish the idea of rule of law against absolutism – the King cannot do whatever he wants. They established the principle of parliamentary sovereignty, that the Parliament is above the King and has more power and authority than the King. They established the idea of freedom of religion because before these revolutions only the Church of England was allowed and all other churches were illegal. The 1688 Glorious Revolution also established the principle that the British Monarch cannot be a Roman Catholic and must be Protestant.

3.How was the Enlightenment (1700s) different from the Protestant Reformation (1500s-

1600s)? What other ideas came out of the Enlightenment after the 1700s?

The Enlightenment in the 1700s was a movement which was secular and it was against religion. The Protestant Reformation (1500s-1600s) was a strong religious movement. During the Reformation people want to keep religion and the church but just change it or reform it and remove the parts of religion that they thought had been corrupted. During the Enlightenment people started to turn against religion, against the church and against the Bible. Deism was an important idea which taught that God left the world after he made it and is separate and far away from the world, he doesn’t talk to humans, do miracles, give religious books like the Bible or send his son as a man to earth (Jesus). In the Enlightenment Unitarians and Freemasons believed this. Examples of ideas which came out of the Enlightenment after the 1700s were you can’t trust the Bible (higher criticism), the world is much older than the bible says (uniformitarianism), God did not create animals and humans, humans evolved from animals by evolution (Darwinian evolution, Darwinism), God did not create the world it started by a Big Bang (Big Bang theory), religion is drug and it is like a tool to exploit people (Marxism).

4.What makes a country “Western” and what makes a country an “Anglosphere” country? Western countries were influenced by Jewish and Christian culture and Greco-Roman culture in ancient times, by the Roman Catholic Church in medieval times, by the Renaissance, Reformation and Enlightenment in modern times. The Anglosphere is a part of Western civilization made of countries which took their social, cultural, religious, political, legal, and economic systems from England and the UK. Anglosphere countries are not just countries where people speak English but were social attitudes, cultural values and people’s worldviews are influenced strongly by British and American culture. Major Anglosphere countries include UK, USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, South Africa. Other countries around the world such as Singapore, Israel, India, Jamaica, Kenya share some share some of these values.

5.Why was there such a deep and significant change in the culture of the Anglosphere in

the 1960s? How did the 1960s change the culture of the Anglosphere?

The 1960s changed the culture of the Anglosphere because this is a time when existentialism made a significant impact on people’s worldviews and cultural values. People began to reject traditional authories and decide that they can choose their own values, morals and meaning in life. More people began to believe in social, moral and sexual freedom. The Sexual Revolution began in the 1960s. Hippies began to promote “free love”. Drug use became more popular. Young people be gan to protest about the Vietnam war. Some young people became attracted to Marxism.

Also the African American Civil Rights movement happened which began to change people’s values about race, ethnicity and racism.

6.Why do people in Anglosphere countries talk so much about individualism, liberty and

freedom? What ideas and worldviews cause them to think this way?

People in Anglosphere countries have been influenced by many different ideas which all promote liberty and freedom in different ways.

Protestantism promote freedom of religion against the authority of the Catholic church, it taught that each individual should choose their own religion by themselves. The Enlightenment promoted freedom from religion, and that people should be intellectually and politically free. Nihilism, Existentialism and Postmodernism promoted the idea that people should be socially and more morally free. Democracy has promoted political freedom. Capitalism has promoted economic freedom. “Free love” and the Sexual Revolution has promo ted sexual freedom. Social mobility has promoted socio-economic or class freedom.

7.How and why did the rule of law become such an important value in the culture of

Anglosphere countries?

The Rule of Law means that no one is above the law, not even the King or the government. The King cannot do whatever he wants. The rule of law is also called constitutionalism or limited government against absolutism. The Rule of Law was established as an important value going as far back as the Magna Carta in 1215. The English Puritan Revolution (1640s), the Glorious Revolution (1688) and the American Revolution (1776) all helped establish this idea in law, government and politics. Before these revolutions especially in England, the King often followed absolutism. Two important books which contributed to this idea were Lex Rex (1644) by Samuel Rutherford, it was written during the Puritan Revolution, and Second Treatise on Government (1690) by John Locke, it was written just after the Glorious Revolution.

8.Is America a Christian nation? Why / why not? Why does this question matter? America is a Christian nation because it was founded by devout Christians such as Puritans. Christianity and Puritanism was the dominant worldview in the early days of America. The constitution and declaration of independence refer to God. Christianity has had a large impact on the culture and many Americans, maybe most Americans, at least in the past, were Christians.

America is not a Christian nation because it was founded by Deists and Enlightenment liberal humanists like Thomas Jefferson. Enlightenment ideas like deism had become popular and many of the founding fathers were Unitarians and Freemasons. The constitution and declaration of independence do not refer to the

Christian god, but only to “nature’s God” which is a deist idea. America has been very influenced by the Enlightenment and by secularization. Since the 1800s especially most people have accepted secular ideas like Darwinian evolution.

This question matters because it may affect things like laws about abortion, foreign policy about religious freedom and about Zionism, political debates about gay marriage, whether prayer should be allowed in public schools.

9.What are some reasons that some Americans think that America is an exceptional

country with a special role to play in the world?

In the past some Americans believed America was exceptional for racial reasons such as British Israelism, the white man’s burden and manifest destiny, the Anglo-Saxon race was exceptional. But many more people have thought America is exceptional because of the idea that America is “a city on a hill” or a “new world”that all the world will look to or that America is an “Empire of liberty” who will spread freedom to the rest of the world. Some Americans think that freedom and liberty are the desire of all people in the world, not just Americans and so it is their job to spread these ideas around the world. So some Americans think that they should try to spread ideas about liberty that are popular in American culture – such as democracy, capitalism, freedom of religion, human rights. Some Americans believe that sometimes this requires military force, as in the case of the war in Iraq where this idea is known as neoconservativism.

10.Explain the difference between economic socialists (left) and economic liberals (right).

Explain the background of these movements in the Anglosphere and explain how this difference influences political debates and discussions in the Anglosphere.

Economic socialists believe that believe that the government should control and manage the economy and economic liberals believe that the government should not control or manage the economy, but the economy should be a free market, this is also called capitalism. The ideas of capitalism were developed by the Scottish Enlightenment thinker Adam Smith in his book The Wealth of Nations in 1776. Max Weber thinks that Protestantism created capitalism. Capitalism emerged during the Renaissance, Reformation and Enlightenment eras 1400s-1700s. Socialism began during the industrial revolution in the 1800s because some people thought that workers and the lower classes were not being treated fairly and that gaps in income and between social classes, were too high. In the Anglosphere economic left political parties usually think the government should care for the poor and provide more social services like healthcare. Economic right political parties usually think the government should not control the economy and that private businesses and individuals will develop the economy including providing welfare.

11.Describe some ideas which contributed towards the rise of white supremacism. How

did white supremacism affect the culture and society of the Anglosphere?

White supremacism teaches that white people are racially and culturally superior to Indians, blacks and Asians. It popular in the mid 1800s to the mid 1900s and it was influenced by British Israelism, that the Anglo-Saxons are God’s chosen race, and Social Darwinism, that white people are more evolved that other races. It affected the culture and society of the Anglosphere because it promoted colonialism, anti-white immigration laws (eg anti-Chinese immigration laws), native schools for indigenous people, racial segregation and groups like the Ku Klux Klan (KKK).

Extended answer question number ( ):

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