英语四级翻译-----热点词汇翻译
专题一中国节日及相关表达1.春节the Spring Festival / Chinese lunar Near Year农历正月初一the first day of the first lunar month农历lunar calendar年终大扫
除year-end household cleaning春联Spring Festival couplets 年
画New Year pictures 剪纸paper-cuts 团圆饭family reunion dinner饺子dumplings春
晚Spring Festival Gala守岁stay up late on the New Year’s Eve除
夕Eve of Chinese New Year辞旧迎新ring out the old year and ring in the new 拜年pay a New Year visit红包red packets
压岁钱lucky money
放爆竹let off firecrackers
庙会temple fair禁忌taboo2.元宵节Lantern Festival农历正月十
五15th day of the first lunar month元宵rice dumplings
花灯festival lantern
灯谜lantern riddle
灯会exhibit of lanterns
烟花fireworks3.端午节Dragon Boat Festival农历五月初五5th of the fifth lunar month 粽子traditional Chinese rice-pudding糯米sticky rice粽叶bamboo leaves舞龙dragon dance 舞狮lion dance踩高跷stilt walking赛龙舟dragon-boat racing 纪念in memory of 屈
原Qu Yuan
诗人poet 忠臣loyal minister4.清明节Tomb-sweeping Day
寒食节Cold Food Festival
祭拜祖先offer sacrifices to one’s ancestors 踏青go for a spring outing 5.中秋
节Mid-Autumn Day / Moon Festival农历八月十五15th of the eighth lunar month 月饼moon cake 赏月appreciate the glorious full moon中国神话故事Chinese mythology嫦娥the goddess of the moon后羿Houyi长生不老be immortal6.重阳节Double Ninth Day赏
菊admire the beauty of chrysanthemum 登高climb a height7.七夕
节Double Seventh Day/Chinese Valentine's Day银河the Milky Way鹊
桥bridge of magpies牛郎Cowherd织女the Weaving Maid王母娘娘the Queen of Heaven 乞巧praying-for-cleverness
女红needlework
专题二中国文化及相关表达1. 中国文化四大发
明the four great inventions of ancient China火药gunpowder印刷术printing造纸
术paper-making 指南针the compass文房四宝”Four Treasures of the Study
笔writing brush
墨ink stick
纸paper
砚ink slab
书法calligraphy
中国画traditional Chinese painting
水墨画Chinese brush painting 雕刻sculpture
泥人clay figure
武术martial arts
京剧Peking opera
昆曲Kunqu opera
相声cross talk
中药traditional Chinese medicine
中国结Chinese knot
唐装Tang suit
四合院courtyard house
红茶black tea
绿茶green tea
火锅hot pot
2.中国文学四大名著four major classical novels
《三国演义》The Romance of Three Kingdoms
《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions
《水浒传》Outlaw of the Marshes
《西游记》Journey to the West
四书The Four Books《大学》The Great Learning《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean 《论语》Analects of Confucius《孟子》The Mencius五经The Five Classics 《诗经》
The Book of Songs《书经》The Book of History 《易经》The Book of Changes 《礼记》the Book of Rite《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals3.中国古代哲学家及相关表达哲学家philosopher孔子Confucius
孟子Mencius 老子Lao Tzu 孙子Sun Tzu庄子Chuang Tzu儒学Confucian School孔
庙Temple of Confucius《孙子兵法》The Art of War4.中国历史及相关表达封建的feudal朝代dynasty春秋时期the Spring and Autumn Period战国时期the Warring States Period隋唐时期the Sui and Tang dynasties明清时期Ming and Qing dynasties秦始
皇the First Emperor of Qin君主monarch皇帝emperor皇太后Empress Dowager丞
相prime minister 大臣minister忠臣loyal minister 中华文明Chinese civilization丝绸之路the Silk Road西域western countries历史遗迹historical site文化遗
产cultural heritage文物cultural relics科举
制imperial examination for recruiting civil servants
专题三中国社会及相关表达社会篇相关表达改革开放reform and opening up小康社
会 a well-to-do society 奔小康strive for a relatively comfortable life 人民生活people’s livelihood 生活水平living standards 生活质量quality of life 改善民生improve people’s wellbeing 住房条件housing conditions 生活条件
living conditions共同富裕shared prosperity社会稳定social stability衣食住行
food, clothing, sheltering and means of traveling 厉行节约practice economy缩小收入差距narrow the income gap人均收入average income per capita文化程度educational level 城镇居民urban citizen失业保障unemployment security人口问题
the issue of population全面发展all-round development发达国家developed country发展中国家developing country人口老龄化population aging养老provision for the aged养老保险old-age insurance 社会保险social insurance 计划生育family planning独生子女政策one-child policy城市人口urban population 农业人口agriculture population 普
查census 社会事业social programs人才市场talent market 人才交流talent exchange 人才外流brain drain应届高校毕业生new college graduate农民工rural migrant worker公务员civil servant市民citizen名人celebrity残疾人the disabled就业
率employment rate 失业率unemployment rate出生率birth rate 死亡率mortality rate寿命life span贫困地区poverty-stricken region 欠发达地区underdeveloped area摆脱贫
困shake off poverty生活困难be badly-off用电量electricity consumption森林覆盖
率forest coverage产业结构industrial structure创历史新高an all-time high战略性新兴产业strategic emerging industries基础设施infrastructure南水北调
South-to-North Water Diversion Project 自然灾害natural disasters本土化localization 体力劳动manual labor可持续发展sustainable development沙尘暴sandstorm 建筑灰
尘construction dust 市政府the municipal government 违章建
筑unlicensed construction 严厉地处罚impose tough punishments on主要污染
源major sources of pollutants建筑灰尘construction dust炫富show off wealth热
词hot word/ buzzword品位taste大众传媒mass media
专题四中国经济相关表达
经济篇相关表达国民生产总值Gross National Product (GNP)
国内生产总值Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
国有企业state-owned enterprises (SOEs) 社会主义市场经济socialist market economy 市场经济秩序the order of the market economy 扩大内需expand domestic demand 宏观调控macro control 按劳分配distribution according to one’s performance 城乡居民收
入income of urban and rural residents 劳动力labor 综合国
力overall national strength 公有制public ownership 私有制private ownership 私营企业private business 中小企业small and medium enterprises (SMEs) 跨国公
司multinational corporation 网络经济Internet-based economy 经济规
律law of economy 大规模生产mass production 生产力productive forces 年均增长
率average growth rate per annum 可持续增长sustainable growth 经济效
益economic returns 经济增长economic growth 经济波动economic fluctuation 衰
退recession 提高经济效益enhance economic performance 扭亏为
盈turn a loss-making business into a profitable one 优化经济结
构optimize economic structure 经济结构战略性调
整strategic adjustment of the economic structure 优化消费结
构optimize the consumption structure 产业结构升
级upgrading of an industrial structure 产业格局industrial pattern 高新技术产
业high and new technology industries 经济特区special economic zones 繁荣与稳
定prosperity and stability 经济交流economic exchange 利用外
资utilization of foreign capital 投资investment 知识产
权intellectual property rights copyright 商标trademark 专利patent 电子商
务e-business 循环经济recycling economy 个人所得税personal income tax 税收政
策tax policy 试点工程pilot project 经济带economic belts 经济全球
化economic globalization 财政和货币政策fiscal and monetary policies
专题五中国技相关表达
科技篇相关表达科技是第一生产
力science and technology constitute a primary productive force 科技体制改
革reform of the science and technology management system技术密集产
品technology-intensive product科技含量technology content尖端科
技state-of-the-art technology研究开发research and development治理污
染curb the environmental pollution水循环利用工厂water recycling plant核电
站nuclear power plant非化石能源发电量electricity generated from non-fossil energy 新粒子new particleH7N9病毒H7N9 virus应用科学applied science3D打印3D printing人造器官artificial organ顶层设计the top layer design节能减
排energy conservation and emission reduction工业升级industrial upgrading结构性障
碍structural obstacle资源利用率resource utilization rate高速铁路high-speed rail科学发展观Scientific Outlook on Development科技发
展scientific and technological advancement生态农业environmental-friendly agriculture 创新innovation高科技园区high-tech park国家重点实验室national key laboratory研究成
果research result新兴学科new branch of science 人工智能artificial intelligence 信息高速公路information superhighway网民netizen网上购物online shopping网上交易平
台online trading platform“宽带中国”战略China's broadband strategy产
能production capacity神舟十号the Shenzhou-10 spacecraft嫦娥三
号The Chang'e-3 lunar lander
专题六中国教育相关表达教育篇相关表达素质教育education for all-round development
应试教育exam-oriented education
填鸭式教学cramming method of learning
义务教育compulsory education
高等教育higher education
普通高校regular institution of higher learning
就业服务和职业培训employment services and vocational skills training
综合性大学comprehensive university
重点大学key university
减轻学生负担reduce burden for students
应届高校毕业生new college graduates
招生办公室admission office
入学考试entrance examination
高考college entrance examination
研究生入学考试postgraduate entrance examination
入学资格admission qualification
升学率proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade
奖学金scholarship
学费tuition
专业课course within one’s major
必修课required course
选修课optional course
学分制credit system
毕业论文graduation thesis
毕业证书graduation certificate
学生会students’union
学历record of formal schooling
中小学生primary and secondary school student
本科生undergraduate
研究生postgraduate同学classmate 教授professor副教授associate professor讲师lecturer助教teaching assistant
教育界education circle教育投入input in education学前教育preschool education
智力引进introduce talents 课外活动extracurricular activity