英语高考书面表达提纲类写作指导——马广谋

一提纲类

___马广谋

高考命题聚焦

(2011年高考新课标全国卷)假定你是李华，正在一所英国学校学习暑期课程，遇到一些困难，希望得到学校辅导中心(Learning Center)的帮助。根据学校规定，你需书面预约，请按下列要点写一封信：

1．本人简介；

2．求助内容；

3．约定时间；

4．你的联系方式(Email：lihua@https://www.sodocs.net/doc/321805873.html,；Phone：12345678)。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3．开头和结束语已为你写好。

Dear Sir/Madam，

___________________________________

___________________________________

___________________________________

___________________________________

___________________________________

___________________________________

___________________________________

Look forward to your reply.

Yours，

Li Hua

One possible version：

Dear Sir/Madam，

I'm Li Hua，a Chinese student taking summer courses in your university.I'm writing to ask for help.I came here last month and found my courses interesting.But I have some difficulties with notetaking and I have no idea of how to use the library.I was told the Learning Center provides help for students and I'm anxious to get help from you.I have no class on Tuesday mornings and Friday afternoons. Please let me know which day is OK with you.You may email or phone me.Here are my email address and phone number：lihua@https://www.sodocs.net/doc/321805873.html,；12345678.

Look forward to your reply.

Yours，

Li Hua

核心考点突破

提纲类作文是高考书面表达的考查热点之一，命题者把材料分割成信息块，用独立的文字信息表示出来。常见的命题形式有：短文提示类、要点提示类和表格提示类三种。它要求考生根据给出的提示性文字，首先确定文章的中心思想，然后紧紧围绕中心思想展开论述，表达主旨。它的特点是提纲既体现了文章的层次，又规定了各段的大体内容，为考生提供了写作思路。考生只要稍加思索、计划、整理即可成文。考查形式以书信、报道通知、日记等为主，内容贴近学生的生活实际。高分秘笈

一、命题特点和应试策略

1．认真审题和分析所给的提纲，认清题目和提纲之间的关系，然后确定文章的主题、大致内容以及文体。

2．每一个要点可以作为文章的一个段落层次。段落的展开应围绕提纲的中心和内容，不能偏离，也不能任意增减。

3．提纲只是对文章的提示和概括，不是主题句。考生需要根据提纲的性质，写出完整的、体现提纲主旨的句子，使之成为主题句，然后围绕主题句进行扩展。

4．搜集材料支持主题句。材料可以是例证、亲身经历、名人名言、谚语警句等。应当注意的是，所选材料要与文章的主题相符，即要“扣题”，同时要具有典型性，能充分说明问题。在有多个例证的段落中，还要注意各个例证之间的连贯性。

二、素材必备

1．常用词汇

因涉及的话题太多，无法全部列举，特建议考生在本章节中重点记忆以下话题中的词汇：

话题一：中学生的爱好与兴趣

spare time(业余时间)，favorite(最喜欢的)，interest(兴趣)，hobby(爱好)，appetite(强烈欲望)，taste(爱好)，read novels(读小说)，play football/basketball(踢足球/打篮球)，surf the Internet(上网)，chat online(在线聊天)，play games(玩游戏)，collect stamps(集邮)，make efriends(交网友)，climb mountains(爬山)，watch TV(看电视)，enjoy popular music(喜欢流行音乐)，be interested in(对……感兴趣)，develop an interest in(在……方面发展兴趣)，be fond of(喜欢……)，be keen on(喜欢……)，have love for(喜爱……)，have a taste in(对……有兴趣)等。

话题二：中学生的健康与饮食

physical and mental condition(身体与精神状态)，strong(强壮的)，unhealthy/healthy(不健康的/健康的)，overweight/fat(肥胖的)，thin(瘦的)，nearsighted/shortsighted(近视的)，mentally unhealthy(精神不健全的)，normal(正常的)，abnormal(不正常的)，energetic(精力旺盛的)，unhealthy eating habit(不健康的饮食习惯)，eat much junk food(吃太多的垃圾食品)，stay/keep healthy/fit(保持健康)，build up one's body/improve one's health(强身健体)，enough sleep(充足的睡眠)，take regular exercise(进行有规律的运动)，proper diet(合理的饮

食)，good living habits(良好的生活习惯)，lose weight(减肥)，remove heavy burdens(减轻沉重的负担)，be good for/do good to(对……有益处)，nutrition(营养)，go on a diet(节食)，form a．..eating habit(养成一个……的饮食习惯)等。

2.常用句式

(1)开篇句

①With the development of...随着……的发展

With the development of science，human life has changed tremendously.

随着科学的发展，人类的生活发生了巨大的变化。

②I am of the opinion that...我认为……

I am of the opinion that both arguments hold some truth.

我认为两种观点都有点道理。

③It's often said that...据说……

It's often said that Lugu Lake is the fairy's tear.

人们常说泸沽湖是仙子的眼泪。

④At present，there is a widespread concern that teenagers' using mobile phones in school will affect their study.

目前，人们普遍担心青少年在校园中使用手机会影响他们学习。

⑤Modern technology has many advantages.

现代科技有很多的优势。

⑥There is no immediate solution to the problem of greenhouse

effect，but doing a bit by everyone must be helpful.

对于温室效应，目前并没有马上就能解决的办法，但是我们每个人都做出一点努力的话，对问题的解决肯定会有帮助。

⑦I am very glad to have the chance to speak here.

我很高兴有机会在这里讲话。

⑧We all want to grow up happily and healthily，and for this goal we must do several things.

我们都想快乐健康地成长，那么为了这一目标我们应当做一些事情。

⑨It's a pleasure to tell you my plan of this coming summer vacation after the college entrance exam.

非常乐意告诉你我高考后的暑假安排。

(2)连结句

①Among all the given reasons，one should be focused.

在给出的所有原因中，有一点必须被关注。

②The main reason why...is that...

……的主要原因是……

The main reason why I like UK is that it is a beautiful and romantic place.

我喜欢英国的主要原因是英国很漂亮很浪漫。

③Another consideration in this case is that...对该问题的另一层考虑是……

Another consideration in this case is that an excellent education

should place equal focus on both theories and knowledge.

对该问题的另一层考虑在于真正好教育应该是理论与实践并重。

④Besides，we shouldn't neglect that...

此外，我们不应该忽视……

Besides，we shouldn't neglect that everyone wants a friendly and peaceful society.

此外，我们不应该忽视每个人都希望拥有一个友好和谐的社会。

⑤Therefore，these findings show the following information.

因此，这些发现显示了如下的一些信息。

⑥Wonderful as robot application is，it also has many disadvantages as well.

尽管机器人的应用很美妙，它也有很多的弊端。

3)结束句

①Taking into account all these factors，we may safely reach the conclusion that the advantages of making friends online outweigh its disadvantages.

考虑到以上的所有因素，我们可以得出这样的结论，即：网上交友的优势远胜于它的弊端。

②There is still a long way to go to solve the problem，but we sincerely hope that everyone can make a little effort.

要解决这个问题仍然有很长的一段路要走，但我们真诚地希望每个人都能做一点努力。

③If we do those things well，we will be able to grow up happily and healthily.

如果我们把那些事情做好，我们就能够快乐健康地成长。

④Only in this way can we live in harmony with nature.

只有以这种方式我们才能与大自然和谐相处。

⑤In short，we live in an age full of challenges.

总之，我们生活在一个充满挑战的时代。

⑥I hope these measures would help deal with these problems and have a good effect on our education.

我希望这些措施能帮助解决这些问题并且对我们的教育有良好的影响。

3．黄金模板

Recently we held a class meeting to discuss the problem of (讨论的问题)．As we can see，(这种事件的现实情况)．It(造成的结果)．

It is really a pity to see all this in our society.To deal with the situation，the government has taken some measures.(具体已经采取了什么样的措施)．We should(你认为还要怎么做)．

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