浅谈英语阅读理解题的讲评原则与技巧

浅谈英语阅读理解题的讲评原则与技巧

(324302)浙江省开化县华埠高中王东福

[摘要]应语阅读能力是高中阶段需要重点培养的一种能力。这种能力的提高是一个长期而艰难的过程，涉及课堂教学、课外阅读、作业讲评等诸多教学环节。本文试图从英语阅读理解的讲评入手，探讨提高英语阅读能力的有效途径。

[关键词]英语阅读原则与技巧

进入高中阶段，英语教学的重点开始从以听说领先过渡到以读写为主上来。高中英语教学大纲中明确规定：全日制高级中学英语教学的目的是：在义务教育初中英语教学的基础上，使学生巩固、扩大基础知识，发展听、说、读、写的基本技能，提高初步运用英语进行交际的能力，侧重培养阅读能力……

语篇阅读历来是高考考查的重点。以2006年浙江卷为例，总分150分的试题中，完形填空和阅读理解两题的分值就有80分，占53.3%之多。培养和提高学生的阅读能力是摆在所有英语教师面前的一项重要而紧迫的任务。

学生坚持不懈的阅读实践，教师正确而富有成效的讲评，是快速实现上述目标的有效途径之一。依笔者之见，阅读理解题型的讲评必须遵循以下几个原则：

第一，讲评一篇文章，务必使学生了解该篇文章的主旨大意。

2006年全国各省市高考卷中无一例外地都有考查文章主旨大意的题目出现。考查最多的如全国卷Ⅰ、湖南卷、重庆卷、山东卷、江苏卷、广东卷和陕西卷竟有三题之多，湖北卷和广东卷甚至在同一篇文章中有两题考查学生概括主旨大意的能力。这类题目主要以两种形式出现。一种以What does the passage(paragraph/ notice/text) mainly tell us? What’s the passage(paragraph/notice/text) mainly about? The passage is mainly about .或是What’s the main idea……?之类的句型直接提问。另一种则以给文章设定标题的方式进行考查。这是阅读理解题中学生失分较多的一类题目。这类题目考查学生对于文章的整体把握，需要学生具备较强的整体意识和概括能力。其实，不管高考是否涉及此类题型，教师都必须在讲评阅读理解题时帮助学生概括文章的主旨大意。这是理解文章的前提。试想，一个

学生连文章的大意都搞不清楚，又如何去深入挖掘文章的内涵呢？当然，我们需要掌握一些实用的技巧。

1.从文章的标题推测文章的主旨大意。一篇题为May: Happenings from the Past（2006全国卷Ⅱ）的文章讲的可能是过去的五月份所发生的事情，而题为How to Make a Budget(2006北京卷)的文章则肯定是讲如何合理开支（预算）的问题的。文章标题的设立实际上为我们扫除了很大一部分的阅读障碍。理解正文因而也变得容易多了。所以阅读文章不能忽视标题的存在。

2.从段落大意中提炼和概括整篇文章的主旨大意。表达段落大意的中心句（topic sentences）的分布有其特定的规律。一般都出现在段落的开头，少数情况出现在段落中间或末尾。因此，我们有时为了节省时间可以采取首句阅读的方式快速地概括出文章的主旨大意。尤其是说明文，阅读起来相对要枯燥一些。采用这种方式阅读可以比较快地了解文章的主要内容，从而提高自己的阅读兴趣和信心。

例如：2006福建卷75小题（给文章选择一个正确的标题）

Para.1: Despite……,there is no way to stop flooding……

Para.2: Warning people of this danger is very important if……

Para.3: The Environment Agency took over the role of flood warning in 1995……

Para.4: Floodline 0845 988 1188 offers information and serve 24 hours a day……

Para.5: The Flood Warning team in Kent has also sent letters to people……

上面所列各段落的首句（中心句）中，我们可以看出，flood和warning两个词出现的频率最高，结合各句句义推断出整篇文章的中心思想是水灾警报系统的形成及其功能，确定正确答案为C：Flood Warning System。

3.通过快速阅读全文得出文章的大体印象。不过，靠这种方法得出的印象是很模糊的、不确切的。所以这种方法只能作为辅助方式，运用于一些较为简单的记叙文的阅读上。概括文章的主旨大意主要还是要靠前面两种方法。

第二，讲评一篇文章，务必使学生了解和掌握在文章中寻找细节内容的途径和方法。

通过阅读了解信息是我们阅读的主要目的。2006年全国各省市的英语高考卷中，近1/3的部分是阅读理解题，有5篇之多，而且篇幅普遍较长。从体裁来看，记叙文较少，绝大多

数是较枯燥的说明文。要在高考这种气氛紧张时间有限的情况下快速而准确地做出细节问题的判断，没有好的方法只能是事倍功半。

首先，在第一遍快速阅读（skimming）的过程中，要做好以下准备工作：1.掌握文章的主旨大意。2.通过首句阅读寻找中心句的方法了解每一个段落的大意，有时甚至要站在更高的角度，把整篇文章分成若干个“大块”，在头脑中理顺文章脉络。也就是说要有阅读的整体意识，避免那种“只见树木，不见森林”逐字逐句的阅读习惯。

准备工作做好了，接下来就是进行寻读（scanning）,确定“信息源”（吴微君2005）。也就是要找出问题的相关信息出自文章何处，在哪个段落，跟哪几个句子有关。仔细比较所给选项与文中细节一点一滴的区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。这样对细节问题的处理基本做到了有根有据，提高了判断的正确性。

SEFC Senior 3:Unit 9:Integrating Skills:A Little Mould That Could一文介绍的是科学家Alexander Fleming不经意间发现青霉素的故事。文章大致可以按照发现青霉素之前（paras.1-2）与之后（paras.3-6）的不同情况分成两部分。有了这样的思路之后，寻找答案时就很明确了。Ex.1(提问青霉素发现前手术的风险状况)的答案应该在前两段中寻找而Ex.2（提问青霉素被发现的具体年份）的答案则肯定在后四段中。范围缩小了，目标明确了，答题的速度也更快了。

第三，讲评一篇文章，务必使学生了解作者的写作意图、写作对象、态度观点和文章字里行间体现出的“潜在含义”。

每篇文章都有其特定的读者群，每个作者写的文章也都有它特定的意图。一篇文章可以是一面旗帜，它表达了作者的立场和观点，发映了人民大众的呼声；一篇文章可以是一面镜子，它映射了社会生活的方方面面；一篇文章更可能是一种支持朋友反对敌人的战斗武器。每篇文章都有其深刻的内涵。我们既要通过阅读作者的文字来理解作者所要表达的客观信息，也要深入挖掘作者的态度观点、写作意图以及一些“弦外之音”。深入挖潜是深层次阅读的需要。

因此，教师在讲评阅读理解题时，不能仅仅停留在核对答案，让学生了解表层信息的层面上。正确的做法是在学生理解文章大意，了解具体细节的基础上，引导学生阅读具有丰富思想内涵的句子，获取最有价值的信息，使阅读更贴近生活，更贴近实际，进一步丰富和完善自己的人生观、价值观和世界观。阅读不仅是获取知识的良好途径，更是德育渗透的有效

手段。

全国卷Ⅰ64小题是一道考查写作意图的题目。作者在文章中回忆了自己两次因为感谢别人在危难之中帮助自己又两次获得意外惊喜的亲身经历后在文章末尾深有感触地写道：“‘Thank you’—two powerful words. They’re easy to say and mean so much.”真是言简意赅，字字珠玑。寥寥数语，却让我们深深地体会到了感谢的力量。实在是受益匪浅。

第四，讲评一篇文章，务必使学生了解文章所体现的不同的文化背景知识。

文化背景知识是英语阅读过程中经常会遇到的一个问题。虽然高考中并没有直接考查文化背景知识的题目出现，但文化背景知识必须要给学生讲清楚，因为它对阅读理解起着很重要的作用。了解了相关的文化背景知识，阅读就会变得更为顺利；反之，则会对阅读理解产生阻碍作用，对将来的文化交流也相当不利。

如：“I was put to bed whenever I did something wrong when I was a child.”学生读到此句时，不理解be put to bed 与did something wrong 之间的逻辑意义，还以为自己理解出了错，有些人甚至认为be put to bed 有什么特殊含义，故自己胡乱琢磨，结果徒劳无益。其实在英美人的观念中，孩子做错了事，被大人安顿去睡觉，是对孩子的一种惩罚，意味着剥夺了孩子自由玩耍的权利。了解了这一文化背景知识，阅读起来就思路开阔，理解准确了。

SEFC Senior 3:Unit 10:Integrating Skills:A Sacrifice for Love一文是根据O Henry 小说改编的故事。文中主人公的姓名使用的是带中间名的全名形式。在O Henry的时代，只有上层社会的人才会注重使用中间名。学生如果不了解这一点就体会不到其中的讽刺意味。

文化背景知识的获得是个长期积累的过程。阅读是个主要的获取途径。所以文化背景知识理应成为我们讲评阅读理解题的一项重要内容。

第五，讲评一篇文章，务必使学生掌握一定的阅读技巧。

高考阅读理解题型主要有四种：主旨大意题；细节分析题；词义或句义猜测题；推理判断题。2006浙江卷还出现了任务型阅读的形式。不同的题型要运用不同的阅读策略。

前两种题型前面已经说过，在此不再赘述。词义猜测题常用的策略有：

1.定义法。2006福建卷59小题：The schools are reluctant to take time off---even teachers with tickets for the England-Argentina game had trouble getting the day off.本句虽未对reluctant一词给出明确的定义，但从后面的解释（间接定义）可大致猜出reluctant一词应为“不情愿”之意。

2.构词法。2006全国卷Ⅱ54小题：Sometimes, it may be best if the wronged person takes the lead and apologizes. wrong在此句中分词形式出现说明是动词，大致应该是“搞错，弄错”之类的意思。分词作定语一般表被动含义。结合上下文可推测出the wronged person不大可能是“被错认的人”而是“被错误对待（冤枉）的人”。所以应选B而不是A。

3.对比法：比较两者不同之处，通过关联词为生词暗示它的否定或相反意思。如2006江苏卷68小题：They were no longer passively waiting for the bell, but actively took part in the lesson.从后半句可反推出waiting for the bell不是“积极参与课堂学习”而是“等着下课”。

4. 上下文提示法。如2006陕西卷46小题：He and Anna even managed to miss each other when they sat in the same airport waiting room……从文章第一段出现的miss（思念）来看，本句的miss不应该是“思念”之意。再从下文中sat in the same airport waiting room进一步推测此处的miss应为“错过”之意。在2006年全国各省市高考卷的所有词义猜测题中通过理解上下文猜测词义的题目占了绝大部分。理解能力的重要性可见一斑。

任务性阅读的题型可采用“三步法”进行：第一步，明确任务；第二步，划出前项与后项的关键词；第三步，前项与后项进行配对。推理判断的题型则可通过细节分析与筛选排除相结合的方法确定正确答案。

方法很多，在此不可能一一列举。教师在教学实践过程中，应向同学们详细讲解各种题型以及解答这些题型时常用的各种技巧，并在阅读训练中不断地进行操练，以达到熟能生巧的目的。

第六，讲评一篇文章，务必使学生的词汇量在原有基础上有所巩固和扩大。

许多英语教师很重视课文中生词的灌输与巩固。对于课外的阅读理解题则以训练阅读速度和技巧为主。其实，阅读理解题和课文的作用是一样的。只要利用好了，它就是一份非常有效的学习材料。笔者在教学实践中就经常把阅读理解题中出现的一些重点单词、重点短语和重点句型罗列在小黑板上，并带领学生反复朗读以加深对这些单词、短语和句型的印象。词汇量是提高阅读能力的基础和前提条件。我们不能只局限于在课文中教学词汇，而应该拓宽视野，通过课外阅读、网络、电影电视等多种途径学习和积累词汇，为提高阅读能力夯实基础。

英语学习是一个长期而渐进的过程。英语语言知识和学习技能的习得来自平时的点滴积累，不是一朝一夕所能完成的。因此，我们要充分利用阅读理解题这种良好的学习载体，以

点带面，扎实稳步地提升学生的英语综合素质。

参考文献：

人教社，高中英语教学大纲［EB/OL］，人民教育出版社网页. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/3d3065195.html,/res-gze/index.htm

天星教育研究中心. 天星教育网. 2006. 2006年全国各省市高考试题汇编[M]. 新疆青少年出版社

吴微君. 2005. 英语阅读理解题答题技巧［EB/OL］. 福清海口中学网页. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/3d3065195.html,/Get/yingyutiandi/111009231925956.html

(英语)英语阅读理解练习题含答案及解析

一、中考英语阅读理解汇编 1．阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项。 What will the world of the future be like? There are plenty of people who are happy to give their opinion of what we will be doing in 2050. Here are two predictions about the world of tomorrow. When we dream about the future, many like to think of owning a personal flying car. The advantages are obvious. This technology would allow total freedom of movement. We could fly at 480 km per hour, avoiding traffic lights and busy roads. However, some people believe there will be problems with traffic control. If the cars become popular, there is likely to be air traffic jam. Another big problem is mechanical failure. What will happen if the cars stop working? These are problems we must expect if flying cars become a reality. Three-dimensional printing is another new technology with exciting possibilities. 3D printers are used to build an object with liquid plastic. They build the object layer by layer until it is complete. Car companies already use 3D printers to make life-size models of car parts, and medical companies use the technology to make man-made body parts. As we move into the future, 3D printing will revolutionize the way we shop, the way we manufacture and the way we treat sick people. The disadvantage is that such equipment will be extremely expensive. So in the future, we might be able to fly to work or print out new shoes. Although there are some problems to solve before this will be possible, we can certainly dream of a world where technology makes life easier and safer for millions of people. （1）What is the passage mainly about? A. Environmental protection. B. The world of tomorrow. C. Advantages of technology. （2）What do we learn from the passage? A. Some people think technology development may bring new problems B. 3D printing can bring great changes to our life and its equipment is cheap. C. The flying cars won't bring air traffic jam even when they become popular.

新东方英语四六级蒙题解题技巧(自己整理)-(1)

1三长一短就选短，三短一长就选长。两长两短就选B，参差不齐C 无敌。2 以蒙为主以抄为辅 蒙抄结合保证及格 正文： 蒙选择题方法。20道题至少能对15道。 由于我的英文不是很好，所以我苦心钻研蒙技。我发现了很多关于选择题的规律，十分好用。在开学考试时，总共有20道选择题，我蒙对19道（我们班的英语神童沈宜人错了两道题。沈宜人同学据说背了两万单词，可以轻易读懂原版《简爱》）。 也就是说，这个蒙题技术有时远远高过自己本身水平。 这个蒙，总共有三点技巧。 一、找共同点。 比如说有一道题的选项有四个： A.study B.to study C.learning D.to read 可以看出，其中的study有两个；其中的不定式也有两个。所以两个显著特点集于一身的to study的选择可能性就十分的大。 二、找矛盾点（适用于单选）。 比如一道题问： 下列关于密度的说法中，错误的是： 其中，有两个这样的选项：

B.质量相同，体积大的物体密度小。 D.质量相同，体积大的物体密度大。 这就可以看出，一定其中有一个是错误的——唉，你别笑！有很多的题中，都会有矛盾的地方。只要找出矛盾，再蒙的几率就大多了。 三、培养“蒙感” 这个所谓“蒙感”，就是这蒙题的感觉。因为不可能一面卷子上你一道题也不会做（当然也有例外），你也有很大可能有不会做的题。这时，就要看蒙题的感觉了。所有考试的人都知道，选择题中选择B、C选项的占绝大多数。所以遇到不会的题，就往B、C上靠，几率会大一点。 还有，如果你有很多题不会——比如说五道题里你有三道不会，那就要看你平时做题的感觉了。下面有一些选项，我感觉大多数时，选项会和以下相同，大家看一看： A: AAABC AACBB AABBC ABAAC ABACA ABDDC ACABC ACBBC ACABD ADACC ADCAA ADBAD B: BACBB BACCA BABDC BBBCC BBACA BBABC(有时也会是BBBBD BBBBB) BCBBA BCABC BCDAA BDACC BDDAC BDCAD

英语试卷讲评课教案

英语试卷讲评课教案 讲评内容：初一英语期中测试试卷 讲评目标：1、通过讲评，澄清疑点，更正答案。 2、通过讲评，举一反三，弄清各类题得阶梯规律和技巧， 进一步提高解题能力。 3、通过讲评，梳理重点知识形成知识网络。 讲评重点：释疑，点拨，总结规律。 讲评难点：掌握各类题得解题技巧，提高能力。 讲评方法：讲练结合总结规律 讲评步骤： step1 试卷分析 这次考试范围是starter1—3 units1-5.主要考查了这部分内容所涉及的基本知识点，词汇短语，句型等的运用。试卷难度适中。总分一百分，此次七年级英语期中考试卷，主要考察七年级上学期Starterunit1---3,Unit1——Unit5九个单元的内容，是课改以来第一次真正把卷面书写、音标纳入考核并用分值体现的试题。本次考试题分六个大题，共90分，卷面书写10分。1．听力部分：分听力测试、对话理解、语篇理解和短文填空四部分各五分；2.。单项选择：单项选择题共10道小题，知识覆盖面较广，重点、难点和疑点比较突出，注重能力考查。考查以句型问答及冠词a\an、动词have、介词for为主，兼顾其它，并考查句法和语言点，考查的内容注重了基础知识。3．完形填空：文章对学生的语言理解能力和综合运用能力重点突出

2、explain these titles and then fill in the chart 3、show all the answers of choice question test. cloze test 1、show the answers of cloze test. 2、explain the more difficult problems. 3、sum up the ways of cloze test. 1.通览全文，了解大意。 2.细读全文，先易后难。 3.复读检验，消除疏漏，看文章是否流畅，连贯。

英语阅读理解专项习题及答案解析及解析

英语阅读理解专项习题及答案解析及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Every day I see advertisements in the newspapers and on the buses claiming that it is easy and quick to learn English. There is even a reference to William Shakespeare or Charles Dickens to encourage learners even more. When I see advertisements like this, I don't know whether to laugh or cry. But many people must believe these ridiculous claims, or else the advertisements would not appear. Of course it is clear that students who go to England to learn English have a great advantage over others, but too many cannot afford to do so. Some go to the opposite extreme and think they can teach themselves at home with dictionaries. But it is wrong to assume that each word in English has a precise equivalent in another language, let alone produces good pronunciation and intonation. Most teaching is still based on behaviorist psychology. Behaviorists are fond of making students repeat phrases and making sentences. If we were parrots or chimpanzees, these methods might be successful. A large number of theorists seem to think it is a pity we aren't, because it would make it easier to use their methods. In my personal opinion, no one can ever learn to speak English or any other language unless he is interested in it. Human beings, unlike parrots and chimpanzees, do not like making noises unless they understand what the noises mean and can relate them to their own lives. It is worth remembering that language is a means of communication. What they listen to and read cannot be a formula. It must be real. There is another relevant point worth mentioning here. We need other people to talk to and listen to when we communicate. They can work with us and practice the unfamiliar forms with us in real situations, talking to each other about real life language. （1）Many people believe advertisements in the newspapers and on the buses probably because . A. they are encouraged by William Shakespeare or Charles Dickens B. they are eager to learn and then believe them C. the ways advertised can help them to save time and efforts D. the ways advertised prove effective and helpful （2）What may behaviorists argue towards English learning? A. Human beings make more interesting noises than parrots and chimpanzees. B. Human beings should relate their speech to their own lives. C. Language is a formula with lots of repetitions and practices. D. Language is a means of communication. （3）What opinion does the author hold? A. A quick method that suits all the students does exist. B. English can be mastered within a very short period of time. C. Each word in English has a precise equivalent in another language. D. No one can learn English well without being interested in it.

英语阅读理解试卷分析

英语阅读理解试卷分析 本次我们课题组收取了一个理科班和一个文科班学生的试卷，课题组成员有针对性的对这两个班学生的试卷进行分析和研究，发现了学生在做阅读理解时存在的一些问题，并也提出了解决方法。 一、存在问题 1﹑缺乏生活常识 现在有许多阅读文章与日常的生活有着密切的联系比如有一篇文章“A sign is another kind of language.”这类话题比较接近现实生活。 2﹑缺乏对东西方文化差异的了解 语言是一种特殊的社会文化现象它是人们在长期的社会生活实践中约定俗成的。每一种语言都是在特定的社会历史环境中产生和发展起来的因此每一种语言都反映出使用该语言的国家和民族在不同的社会历史时期所特有的文化现象。例如在一篇文章中有一个句子“You are indeed a lucky dog”如果按字面翻译成汉语就是“你真是一条幸运的狗。”这在汉语中完全是一句骂人的话。“狗”一词在中国人看来是贬义的如我们常说“癞皮狗”“狗崽子”“狗头军师”等等用来描绘所厌恶的人。可是在英语中这句话是说“你真是个幸运儿”。“狗”在这儿用来指人不但没有骂人的意思而且还表示一种亲昵的关系。在美国“狗”是家庭成员。人们认为它往往含有褒情善意。因此同一个词在不同的文化背景中意义不同。我们要想掌握和运用一门语言就必须了解并学习产生这门语言的社会背景文化否则就无法正确理解和运用这门语言。而在以往的外语教学中往往把主要精力

集中在语言知识的传授上而忽视了文化背景知识对语言的重要作用培养出来的大部分学生尽管掌握的词汇量很大语法知识也很好但却缺乏在不同的场合恰当地使用语言的能力有时运用母语的交际习惯来套用外语以至闹出笑话。 3﹑忽视阅读的时代特征 21世纪是信息高速时代对英语水平的要求越来越高。作为一名中学生适当的关心一下国家和国际的大事是非常必要的因为现在有不少的阅读文章和作文内容涉及当时正在发生的一些国内外大事。例如去年的很多试卷里出现的是北京奥运会和四川汶川大地震的话题，紧随时代。 4﹑缺乏猜词能力 阅读理解难度较高必须在有了充足的词汇的基础上才能进行阅读训练。它是检查学生英语学习水平的高低的重要标志。但是有部分学生缺乏根据上下文猜词的能力平时在阅读时依赖字典一旦在考试时文章里出现大量生词就会慌了手脚。在阅读过程中遇到生词是不可避免的。如果一遇到生词就去查字典或跳过去不看都会影响对文章的理解。这样就要猜测生词的意思。不同的语境单词的意思也就不一样。所以要根据上下文线索和构词法等知识去猜测。 5、缺乏阅读的推理技巧 有的同学还会经常碰到这样的问题文章本身对我来讲没有生词但做阅读理解题时经常会出现偏差。当然这种情况更多地是涉及到阅读理解的考试。说明学生在阅读过程中遇到了理解上的障碍因此在阅读理解中掌握一些推理技巧也是十分重要的。

2011高考英语必看之-英语阅读理解技巧

英语阅读理解技巧 阅读理解始终是外语学习和考试重点。 一．阅读理解的测试要点如下： 1．理解主旨大意； 2．寻读具体信息； 3．理解细节； 4．根据上下文提供的语境，推测生词词义，进而加深对文段的理解； 5．简单的判断和理解； 6．理解文段的基本逻辑结构； 7．理解作者的意图和态度； 8．理解文段的文化信息； 9．理解图表信息； 10．理解指代关系。 从高考命题的实际情况看，命题者常用下述方法提问： 1．What is the purpose of the text? 2．What does the author mainly tell US about in the passage? 3．What can we infer from the passage? 4．What can be inferred from the passage? 5．It can be concluded from the text that ? 6．What can we learn from the text? 7．What is the general idea/main idea of the text? 8. The passage mainly focuses on ? 9. What is the main subject discussed in the text? 10. It can be inferred from the passage that? 11. It can be inferred from the that the author seems to? 12. What is the best title of the text/for the article? 13. The best title for this passage is? 14. What can we infer from the last/the first two paragraphs? 15. The meaning of the word/sentence in Paragraph X is related to? 16. In Paragraph X, "X X X" can be replaced by?

浅谈英语阅读理解题的讲评原则与技巧

浅谈英语阅读理解题的讲评原则与技巧 (324302)浙江省开化县华埠高中王东福 [摘要]应语阅读能力是高中阶段需要重点培养的一种能力。这种能力的提高是一个长期而艰难的过程，涉及课堂教学、课外阅读、作业讲评等诸多教学环节。本文试图从英语阅读理解的讲评入手，探讨提高英语阅读能力的有效途径。 [关键词]英语阅读原则与技巧 进入高中阶段，英语教学的重点开始从以听说领先过渡到以读写为主上来。高中英语教学大纲中明确规定：全日制高级中学英语教学的目的是：在义务教育初中英语教学的基础上，使学生巩固、扩大基础知识，发展听、说、读、写的基本技能，提高初步运用英语进行交际的能力，侧重培养阅读能力…… 语篇阅读历来是高考考查的重点。以2006年浙江卷为例，总分150分的试题中，完形填空和阅读理解两题的分值就有80分，占53.3%之多。培养和提高学生的阅读能力是摆在所有英语教师面前的一项重要而紧迫的任务。 学生坚持不懈的阅读实践，教师正确而富有成效的讲评，是快速实现上述目标的有效途径之一。依笔者之见，阅读理解题型的讲评必须遵循以下几个原则： 第一，讲评一篇文章，务必使学生了解该篇文章的主旨大意。 2006年全国各省市高考卷中无一例外地都有考查文章主旨大意的题目出现。考查最多的如全国卷Ⅰ、湖南卷、重庆卷、山东卷、江苏卷、广东卷和陕西卷竟有三题之多，湖北卷和广东卷甚至在同一篇文章中有两题考查学生概括主旨大意的能力。这类题目主要以两种形式出现。一种以What does the passage(paragraph/ notice/text) mainly tell us? What’s the passage(paragraph/notice/text) mainly about? The passage is mainly about .或是What’s the main idea……?之类的句型直接提问。另一种则以给文章设定标题的方式进行考查。这是阅读理解题中学生失分较多的一类题目。这类题目考查学生对于文章的整体把握，需要学生具备较强的整体意识和概括能力。其实，不管高考是否涉及此类题型，教师都必须在讲评阅读理解题时帮助学生概括文章的主旨大意。这是理解文章的前提。试想，一个

英语阅读理解题及答案

英语阅读理解题及答案 Do you love holidays but hate the increase weight that follows? You are not alone. Holidays are happy days with pleasure and delicious foods. Many people, however, are worried about the weight that comes along with these delicious foods. With proper planning, though, it is possible to control your weight. The idea is to enjoy the holidays but not to eat too much. You don't have to turn away from the foods that you enjoy. The following suggestions may be of some help to you. Do not miss meals. Before yon leave home for a feast(宴会),have a small, low-fat snack(小吃). This may help to keep you from getting too excited before delicious foods. Begin with clear soup and fruit or vegetables. A large glass of water before you eat may help you feel full. Use a small plate; a large plate will encourage you to have more than enough. Better not have high-fat foods. Dishes that look oily or creamy have much fat in them. Choose lean meat(瘦肉 ).Fill your plate with salad and green vegetables. If you have a sweet tooth, try mints (薄荷) and fruits. They don’t have fat content as cream and chocolate. Don’t let exercise take a break during the holidays. A 20-minute walk after a meal can help burn off excess(过多的) calories.

(英语)英语阅读理解专项含解析

（英语）英语阅读理解专项含解析 一、英语阅读（日常生活类） 1．阅读材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Sing a Song of People by Lois Lenski A. beautiful B. busy C. rainy D. small （2）In Line 21, the word "singly" means ________. A. alone B. fast C. slowly D. quietly （3）According to the poem, the best word for the blank is ________. A. borrow B. throw C. know D. allow 【答案】（1）B （2）A （3）C 【解析】【分析】（1）文章大意题。根据on the bus ，在公交车上，People passing，人们路过，on the subway ，在地铁上，可知这首诗是写给在忙碌城市的人们，故选B。（2）词义辨析题。根据下两句People saying nothing,和People talking loud.，什么都不说和大声地说，可知诗上下两句话对应，意思相反，根据 in a crowd ，在人群中，可推测singly 是与crowd相反的意思，alone，单独地，与crowd意思相反，符合句意，故选A。 （3）细节理解题。A 借，B 扔，C 了解，D 允许；全诗讲述了一座忙碌城市里人们的生活，这些人来来去去，但是互相不了解，C最符合，故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解，这是一篇诗歌，首先通读全诗，掌握诗的意思，在阅读题目和选项，理解题目意思，从文章中寻找细节，确定答案。 2．阅读理解 To: Carla@yahoo. com From:Eric@163. com Subject: Help!Date:15/04/20199:05 AM Dear Aunt Carla, I'm having a problem with my classmate, Joan, at school. The other day I wrote an email to another classmate, Beth, in which I said something about Joan that perhaps wasn't very nice. Unluckily, when Beth was writing back to me, she sent it to Joan@163. com, which is Joan's email address! Now Joan is really angry with me and won't talk to me, and Beth is unhappy as well. She has said sorry to me a hundred times already, but the harm is done. I feel bad, because I would never have said those things to Joan's face, but how do I get her to forgive （谅解）me? What should I do? To:Eric@163. com From: Carla@yahoo. com Subject: Some advice Date:16/04/20198:30 AM Dear Eric, This problem is more common than you might think! Email is very useful, but also very dangerous, as you don't know where your message might end up! First of all, you should say sorry right away to Joan. Explain that it was a mistake, and that you didn't mean to hurt her feelings. It may take time for her to be able to forgive you, but that's up to her. Then you might want to do something nice for her. Perhaps send her some flowers to show that you're truly sorry. Also, you should remember that old saying:" If you don't have anything nice to say, don't say anything at all. "And good luck! Carla A. Eric@163. Com B. Joan@163. com C. Beth@yahoo. com D. Carla@yahoo. com （2）How soon did Eric get the reply from Aunt Carla? A. In one day. B. In two days. C. In a week. D. In a month. （3）Why did Eric write the email to Carla? A. To say sorry. B. To ask for advice. C. To give advice. D. To say something unfriendly.（4）Carla gave pieces of advice to Eric. A. five B. Four C. three D. two 【答案】（1）D （2）A （3）B （4）C 【解析】【分析】主要讲了Eric和同学Joan相处不好，写电子邮件给Beth时，Beth回信时结果给Joan回信了，Joan知道后非常生气，Beth也不高兴，Eric写电子邮件向Carla寻求帮助。

高三英语二轮复习 专题能力训练十六 阅读理解(七)

专题能力训练十六阅读理解(七) A (2014·郑州第一次质量预测) In 1980 Candy Lightner’s 13-year-old daughter was killed by a drunk hit-and-run driver as she walked down a street in California.“I promised myself on the day of my daughter’s death that I would fight to make this needle ss accident count for something positive in the years ahead,”Candy Lightner later wrote. The drunk driver received a two-year prison sentence.However,he avoided prison by serving time in a work camp.Ms.Lightner was very angry about that,so she organized Mothers Against Drunk Drivers(MADD),which later changed to Mothers Against Drunk Driving.The aim of her organization was to raise public awareness of the serious nature of drunk driving and to promote tough legislation(立法) against the crime. Before Ms.Lightn er’s MADD,intoxication(醉酒),including drunk driving,was not taken seriously.Intoxication was often used as an excuse for otherwise unacceptable behavior:“I didn’t know what I was doing—I was drunk.” Candy Lightner appeared on major television shows,spoke before the US Congress,made speeches to professional and business groups,and worked tirelessly for years to change public attitudes,change judicial(审判的)behavior,and promote tough new https://www.sodocs.net/doc/3d3065195.html,ter,Ms.Lightner left MADD because the organization that she herself created was changing its focus.“I didn’t start MADD to deal with alcohol.I started it to deal with the issue of drunk driving.” The president of the United States awarded her the President’s Volunteer Action Award and she was the subject of the movi e “Mothers Against Drunk Drivers:the Candy Lightner Story”. 【语篇导读】Candy Lightner的女儿死于酒驾引发的事故,但肇事者却得以轻判,于是她设立 了“反醉驾母亲协会”,提倡对酒驾者实施更为严厉的法律制裁。 1.One of the purposes of MADD was to . A.make the public aware of the danger of drunk driving B.fight against the drunk hit-and-run drivers on the road C.make new laws against the crimes caused by drunk driving D.warn people not to drink alcohol while driving 答案:A 解析:细节理解题。第二段的最后一句谈到她成立该机构的目的——提高公众对酒驾严重性的意识,推动对酒驾引起的犯罪行为实施更严厉的惩罚。故选A项。 2.Which way didn’t Ms.Lightner use to achieve her MADD’s goals? A.Talking on major TV shows. B.Giving a talk to businessmen. C.Applying for a job with the government. D.Giving suggestions to the US Congress. 答案:C 解析:细节理解题。第四段谈到她发展协会的具体行动,其中没有提到“申请到政府部门任职” 这一项,因此选C项。 3.We can learn from the passage that. A.the drunk driver had not been caught B.drunk driving wasn’t taken seriously before MADD C.Candy Lightner played a leading role in a film D.MADD didn’t get much support from society 答案:B 解析:细节理解题。第三段开头说,在Ms.Lightner设立MADD之前,人们对酒驾的态度是轻描淡写的,没有认真对待。

英语阅读理解文章(作者)意图解题指导

英语阅读理解文章（作者）意图解题指导 英语阅读理解文章（作者）意图解题指导教学设计 I．设计思路 《高中英语新课程标准》明确指出：“高中英语课程要有利于学生优化英语学习方法，使他们通过观察、体验、探究等积极主动的学习方法，充分发挥自己的学习潜能，形成有效的学习策略，提高自主学习的能力。” 高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求：要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。考生应能： 1、理解主旨要义； 2、理解文中具体信息； 3、根据上下文推断生词的词义； 4、作出简单判断和理解； 5、理解文章的基本结构； 6、理解作者的意图和态度； 7、根据所读，用恰当的词语补全文章提纲、概括关键内容或作要词词语转换。 因此有关阅读理解 题目主要有以下四种：主旨大意型 事实细节型词义猜测型推理判断型 让我们比较一下近两年江苏高考卷阅读理解题的分类题量。

试卷 2021 2021 推理判断 4 7 主旨归纳 2 2 细节理解 8 5 词义猜测 1 1 2021年高考阅读理解推理判断题型中要求考生能把握文脉逻辑关系—句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。 推理判断题 英语阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，而是要求阅读者根据字面意思，通过全篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义，这就是判断推理题。判断推理题在阅读测试中属于难题。 判断推理是一种创造性的思维活动，但它并非无章可循。判断推理题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，掌握文章的真正内涵。①要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。②要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表入里，由浅入深。从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全。③要忠于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知，推断未知。立足现在，预测未来。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。④要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。 推断题分类 1.推断隐含意义 2.推断作者观点或态度 3.推断写作目的 4.推断文章出处 5.推断文脉逻辑关系

(英语)英语阅读理解专项习题及答案解析

（英语）英语阅读理解专项习题及答案解析 一、阅读理解 1．根据短文内容选择正确答案。 D If you could see a movie of your life before you lived it, would you want to live it? Probably not. The excitement of living is that you don’t know what’s coming. Sure, it’s hard to see uncertainty in such positive（积极的）light when you’re out of work, or when you feel like you’re failing. But uncertainty is really another word for chance. When Allison graduated from Harvard, she had chan ces all over the place but had no idea what she wanted to do. She took a job in consulting（咨询）, but she knew she wouldn’t stay there. She took the GRE and scored so high that she was able to increase her income（收入）by teaching students. Still, she didn’t think she wanted to go to graduate school. Allison knew she w asn’t doing what she wanted, but she didn’t know what she wanted. She worried. All her friends were going to graduate school or starting their own businesses. She was lost and felt that she would never find anything out. After six years, Allison, by having a general（全面的）plan in mind, got married, moved to the Midwest, and used her consulting experience to get a great job. Allison realized that she spent her years finding her way: time well spent, and time we must all take if we’re being honest with ours elves. The only way to lead an interesting life is to face uncertainty and make a choice. Otherwise your life is not your own—it is a path someone else has chosen. Moments of uncertainty are when you create your life, when you become who you are. Uncertainty usually begins with a job hunt, but it doesn’t end there. Every new role we take on means another round of uncertainty. Instead of fearing it, you should find some ways to deal with uncertainty. （1）From the first two paragraphs, we can learn that . A. being out of work is a sad thing B. uncertainty is what makes life interesting C. life in a film is more exciting than real life. D. chance never appears when we need it （2）What troubles Allison after graduation? A. She couldn’t find a well-paid job. B. She had no money to start a business. C. She was not sure what to do. D. She didn’t score high enough for graduate school. （3）How did Allison feel about her six years’ working experience? A. Uncertain. B. Amazed . C. Sorry. D. Satisfied. （4）What may be discussed in the following paragraph?