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结构专业英语

a. LOAD 荷载

b. GROUND BASE AND FOUNDATION 地基及基础

c. REINFORCEMENT CONCRETE STRUCTURE 钢筋混凝土结构

d. STEEL STRUCTURE 钢结构

e. DESIGN FOR ANTISEISMIC 抗震设计

f. GENERAL WORDS FOR DESIGN 设计常用词汇

g. GENERAL WORDS FOR CONSTRUCTION 施工常用词汇

a. Load 荷载

拔力 pulling force

标准值 standard value

残余应力 residual stress

冲击荷载 impact load, punch load

残余变形 residual deformation

承压 bearing

承载能力 bearing capacity

承重 bearing, load bearing

承重结构 bearing structure

脆性材料 brittle material

脆性破坏 brittle failure

抵抗力 resisting power, resistance

吊车荷载 crane load

分布荷载 distributed load

风荷载 wind load

风速 wind velocity, wind speed

风压 wind pressure

风振 wind vibration

浮力 buoyance, floatage

符号 symbol, mark

负弯矩 negative moment, hogging moment

附加荷载 additional load

附加应力 additional stress

副作用 side effect, by-effect

刚度 rigidity

刚度比 ratio of rigidity

刚度系数 rigidity factor

刚接 rigid connection

刚性节点 rigid joint

恒载 dead load

荷载传递 transmission of load

固端弯矩 fixed-end moment

活荷载 live load

积灰荷载 dust load

集中荷载 concentrated load

加载, 加荷 loading

剪力 shear, shearing force

剪切破坏 shear failure

剪应变 shear strain

剪应力 shear stress

简支 simple support

静定结构 statically determinate structure

截面模量 modulus of section, section modulus

静力 static force

静力分析 static analysis

局部压力 local pressure, partial pressure

局部压屈 local bulkling 绝对值 absolute value

均布荷载 uniformly distributed load

抗拔力 pulling resistance

抗剪刚度 shear rigidity

抗剪强度 shear strength, shearing strength

抗拉强度 tensile strength

抗扭 torsion resistance

抗扭刚度 torsional rigidity

抗弯 bending resistance

抗弯刚度 bending rigidity

抗压强度compressive strength, compression strength

可靠性 reliability

可靠性设计 reliability design

拉力 tensile force

拉应力 tensile stress, tension stress

拉应变 tensile strain, tension strain

临界点 critical point

临界荷载 critical load

临界应力 critical stress

密度 density

离心力 centrifugal force

摩擦力 friction force

摩擦系数 frictional factor

挠度 deflection

内力 internal force, inner force

扭矩 moment of torsion, torsional moment

疲劳强度 fatigue strength

偏心荷载 eccentric load, non-central load

偏心距 eccentric distance, eccentricity

偏心受拉 eccentric tension

偏心受压 eccentric compression

屈服强度 yield strength

使用荷载 working load

水平力 horizontal force

水平推力 horizontal thrust

弹塑性变形 elastoplastic deformation

弹性 elasticity, resilience, spring

塑限 plastic limit

弹性变形 elastic deformation

塑性变形 plastic deformation

弹性模量 modulus of elastic, elastic modulus

体积 volume, bulk, cubature, cubage

土压力 earth pressure, soil pressure

弯矩 bending moment, moment

弯曲半径 radius at bent, radius of curve

位移 displacement

温度应力 temperature stress

温度作用 temperature action

系数 coefficient, factor

雪荷载 snow load

压应变 compression strain

压应力 compression stress

应力集中 concentration of stress

预应力 prestressing force, prestress

振动荷载 vibrating load, racking load

支座反力 support reaction

自重 own weight

作用 action, effect

作用点 point of application, application joint b. Ground Base and Foundation 地基及基础

板桩 sheet pile, sheeting pile

板桩基础 sheet pile foundation

饱和粘土 saturation clay

冰冻线 frost line, freezing level

不均匀沉降unequal settlement, differential settlement

残积土 residual soil

沉积物 deposit, sediment

沉降 settlement

沉降差 difference in settlement

沉降缝 settlement joint

沉井 sinking well, sunk well

沉箱 caisson

持力层 bearing stratum

冲积 alluviation

锤夯 hammer tamping

档土墙 retaining wall, breast wall

底板 base slab, base plate, bed plate

地板 floor board

地基 ground base, ground

地基承载力 ground bearing capacity

地基处理 ground treatment, soil treatment

地基稳定 base stabilization

地梁 ground beam, ground sill

地漏 floor drain

地下工程 substructure work, understructure work 地下室 basement, cellar

地下水 ground water

地下水位 groundwater level, water table

地下水压力 ground water pressure

地质报告 geologic report

垫层 bedding, blinding

独立基础isolated foundation, individual foundation

端承桩 end-bearing pile

筏式基础 raft foundation

粉砂 silt, rock flour

粉质粘土 silty clay

粉质土 silty soil

扶壁式档土墙 buttressed retaining wall

腐蚀 corrosion

覆土 earth covering

刚性基础 rigid foundation

沟盖板 trench cover

固结 consolidation

灌注桩 cast-in-place pile, cast in site pile

护坡 slope protection, revetment

护桩 guard pile

环墙 ring wall

灰土 lime earth

回填 backfill, backfilling 回填土 backfill, backfill soil

混凝土找平层 concrete screed

火山灰水泥 trass cement

基槽 foundation trench

基础 foundation, base

基础底板 foundation slab

基础埋深 embedded depth of foundation

基础平面图 foundation plan

地基勘探 site exploration, site investigation 基坑 foundation pit

集水坑 collecting sump

阶形基础 stepped foundation

结合层 binding course, bonding course

井点 well point

井点排水 well point unwatering

开挖 excavation, cutting

勘测 exploration and survey

勘测资料 exploration data

沥青 bitumen, asphalt, pitch

联合基础 combined foundation

卵石 cobble, pebble

埋置 embedment

毛石基础 rubble foundation

锚筋 anchor bar

锚桩 anchor pile

密实度 compactness, density, denseness

摩擦桩 friction pile, floating pile

粘土 clay

粘质粉土 clay silt

碾压 roller compaction, rolling

排水 drainage, dewatering

排水沟 drainage ditch

排水孔 weep hole, drain hole

排水设备 dewatering equipment

普通硅酸盐水泥 ordinary Portland cement

群桩 grouped piles

容许沉降 permissible settlement

容许承载力 allowable bearing

软土 soft soil

砂垫层 sand bedding course, sand cushion

砂土 sandy soil, sands

砂质粉土 sandy silt

设备基础 equipment foundation

水泥搅拌桩 cement injection

素土夯实 rammed earth, packed soil

碎石桩 stone columns

弹性地基 elastic foundation

弹性地基梁 beam on elastic foundation

填方 fill, filling

填土 earth-fill, earth filling, filling

条形基础 strip foundation

土方工程 earthwork

挖方 excavation work, excavation

箱形基础 box foundation

压实 compaction, compacting

压实系数 compacting factor

验槽 check of foundation subsoil

预制混凝土桩 precast concrete pile

中砂 medium sand

重力式档土墙 gravity retaining wall

桩承台 pile cap

钻孔桩 bored pile

钻探 exploration drilling, drilling,

最终沉降 final settlement

c.Reinforcement Concrete Structure 钢筋混凝土结构

板缝 slab joint

板厚 thickness of slab

板式楼梯 cranked slab stairs

板跨度 span of slab

薄壁结构 thin-walled structure

薄腹梁 thin wedded girder

保护层 protective coating

臂式吊车 boom crane, boom hoist

边梁 edge beam, boundary beam

变截面 variable cross-section

变形缝 movement joint

变形钢筋 deformed bar

初凝 initial setting, pre-setting

次梁 secondary beam

大型屋面板 precast ribbed roof slab

单层厂房 one-storied factory

单筋梁 beam with single reinforcement

单跨 single span

单向板 one-way slab

垫块 cushion block

垫梁 template beam

吊车梁 crane beam, crane girder

顶棚抹灰 ceiling plastering

端跨 end span, tail bay

多跨连续梁 multi-span beam

翻边 upstand

反梁 upstand beam

分布钢筋 distribution-bar

封闭式箍筋 closed stirrup

附加钢筋 additional bar

刚架 rigid frame, stiff frame

钢筋 reinforcement, steel bar, bar

钢筋表 Bar Schedules

钢筋笼 steel reinforcement cage

钢筋间距 spacing of bars, bar spacing

钢筋网 bar-mat reinforcement, mesh reinforcement 钢筋砖 reinforced brick

勾缝 joint pointing

构架 frame, gallows

构件 member, structural member

构造 construction

构造钢筋 constructional reinforcement

构造柱 onstructional column, tie column

构筑物 structure

箍筋 hoop reinforcement, hooping

箍筋间距 stirrup spacing

固定端 fixed end, retained end 固端梁 fixed-end beam, fixed beam

过梁 lintel, breast summer

混凝土强度等级 grade of concrete

机制砖 machine-made brick

剪力墙 shear wall

简支梁 simply supported beam

经济跨度 economic span

经济配筋率economic ratio of reinforcement

劲性钢筋 stiff reinforcement

劲性钢筋混凝土结构 steel composite construction 径向钢筋 radial reinforcement

抗剪钢筋 shear reinforcement

抗拉钢筋 tension reinforcement

受压钢筋 compression reinforcement

可见裂缝 visible crack

刻痕钢丝 indented steel wire

坑 pit, hollow, delve

空斗墙 rowlock cavity wall, rolock wall

空心板 hollow slab

空心砖隔墙 hollow tile partition

跨度 span

框架 frame

框架剪力墙结构 frame-shear wall structure

拉接钢筋 tie bar

栏杆 railing, banister

栏杆立柱 railing post

老化 aging

累积误差 accumulated error

肋形楼板 ribbed floor slab

冷拔低碳钢丝 cold-drawn low-carbon wire

冷脆性 cold shortness, cooling brittleness

冷弯 cold bending

冷轧 cold rolling

离析 segregation

梁垫 beam pad, template, pad

梁挠度 beam deflection

楼梯斜梁 string, stringer

螺旋楼梯 spiral stair, winding staircase

马鞍形壳 saddle shell

锚固 anchoring

门框, 门樘 door frame

门式刚架 portal frame

面砖, 墙面砖 facing tile, wall tile

耐火混凝土 fire-resisting concrete

排架 bent, bent frame

女儿墙 parapet wall, parapet

配筋率 reinforcement ratio

配箍率 stirrup ratio

砌块 block

圈梁 ring beam, tie beam, bond beam

山墙 gable

深梁 deep beam

伸缩缝 expansion joint

实腹梁 solid web girder

实腹柱 solid web column

竖向钢筋 vertical reinforcement

双向配筋 two-way reinforcement

素混凝土 plain concrete

筒中筒结构 tube-in-tube structure

网状钢筋 steel mesh reinforcement

围堰 cofferdam, coffer

无梁楼盖 flat slab, flat plate

系梁 tie beam

预应力钢筋混凝土 prestressed reinforced concrete 预应力构件 prestressed component

预制 prefabrication

预制板 precast slab

预制构件 prefabrication component

预制装配式结构 prefabricated construction

折板 folded plate, folded slab

折板结构 folded-plate structure

主筋 main reinforcement, main bar

主梁 main beam, girder

柱距 column spacing, post spacing

装配式结构 fabricated structure

纵梁 longitudinal beam

纵剖面 longitudinal section

纵向钢筋 longitudinal bar

d. Steel Structure 钢结构

薄壁型钢 light-gauge steel section, hollow steel section

不等肢角钢 unequal angle steel

槽钢 channel, channel steel

背对背角钢组合 angles back to back

不锈钢 stainless steel

除锈 rust-removal

粗制螺栓 rough bolt, black bolt

带钢 strip steel, band iron

单面焊 single weld, one-side welding

地脚螺栓 foundation bolt, anchor bolt,holding down bolt

点焊 spot welding, point welding

电动葫芦 electric hoist

等边角钢 equal angle, equal leg angle

对接焊, 对焊 butt welding

腹板 web plate, web

腹杆 web member

腹板加劲件 web stiffener

杆 rod, bar

钢板 steel plate

钢管 steel tube, steel pipe

钢桁架 steel truss

钢框架 steel frame

钢梯, 爬梯 steel ladder

高强度螺栓 high strength bolt

格构柱 lattice column

工字梁 I-girder, I-beam

工字钢 I-steel

工字形截面 I-shaped cross-section

焊缝 welding seam

焊接 welding

焊接长度 weld length 焊条 welding rod

桁架 truss

红丹底漆 red lead primer

红丹漆 red lead paint

加劲肋 stiffening rib, rib stiffener

加劲板 stiffening plate

角钢 angle steel

节点 joint, node

节点板 gusset plate, gusset

节点位移 joint displacement

节间长度 panel length

紧固螺栓 clamp bolt, fastening bolt

精制螺栓 turned bolt

可焊性 weldability

空腹桁架 open-web truss

空间桁架 space truss

肋板 ribbed panel, ribbed slab

连接板 connecting plate, joint plate

檩条 purline

螺母 screw nut, nut

螺栓 bolt

螺栓孔 bolt hole

螺纹 screw thread, thread

螺纹长度 length of thread

螺纹钢 screw-threaded steel, twisted steel 拉杆 tie rod, tension rod

满焊 full weld

铆钉 rivet

锰钢 manganese steel

喷砂 sand blasting

轻钢结构 lightweight steel construction

三角架 tripod

上弦 top chord, upper chord

上弦横向水平支撑 upper lateral bracing

上弦纵向水平支撑 upper longitudinal bracing 平面桁架 plane truss

实腹刚架 solid web rigid frame

塔架 pylon bent

特种钢 special steel

调和漆 mixed paint

贴角焊 fillet weld, fillet welding

托架 bracket

网架结构 grid structure

屋架 roof truss, principal

无缝钢管 seamless steel pipe

系杆 tie rod, tie bar, tie

下弦 bottom chord, lower chord

下弦横向水平支撑 bottom lateral bracing

斜撑 diagonal brace, diagonal bracing

型钢 section steel, shaped steel

悬索 suspended cable, suspension cable

压力焊 pressure welding

仰焊 overhead welding, inverted welding

翼缘 flange

翼缘板 flange plate, cover plate

轧制型钢 rolled steel section

支撑 bracing, strutting

铸铁管 cast iron pipe

组合槽钢 built-up channel

组合截面built-up section,compound section

自动焊接 automatic welding

e. Design for Antiseismic 抗震设计

鞭梢效应 whipping effect

场地类别 site classification

场地土 site soil

单自由度体系 single-degree of freedom system

底部剪力法 equivalent base shear method

地震 earthquake, seism

地震烈度 earthquake intensity, seismic intensity 地震烈度区划图 map of seismic intensity zoning 地震影响系数 seismic influence coefficient

地震作用 earthquake action

多自由度体系 multi-degree of freedom system

反应谱 response spectrum

抗震 earthquake resistance

抗震缝 seismic joint, aseismic joint

抗震构造 aseismic construction

抗震设防 earthquake fortification

抗震设计 seismic design

共振 resonance

基本周期 foundamental period

里氏震级 Richter magnitude

烈度 intensity

设计近震 design near earthquake

设计远震 design far earthquake

时程分析法 time history method

液化 liquefaction

振型 vibration mode

振型分解法 modal analysis method

震源 earthquake focus

震中 earthquake epicenter

自由度 degree of freedom

自振周期 natural period of vibration

f. General Words for Design 设计常用词汇

安装 installation, erection

报价 offer, quoted price

报价单 quotation

壁柱 pilaster, mural column

变更 alteration, variation, modification

变形 deformation

标高 elevation, level

标准 standard, criterion

标准大样 standard detail

标准图 standard drawing

补充规定 additional regulations

补充说明 additional remarks

补充条件 supplementary conditions

不对称 asymmetry

布置 arrangement, layout

布置图 layout plan, layout 材料 material

材料表 bill of materials

材料强度 strength of materials

参见详图 referring to detail drawing

参考点 reference point

参数 parameter

操作平台 operating platform

草图 sketch, draft, rough drawing

侧向刚度 lateral rigidity

侧向稳定 lateral stability

侧向约束 lateral restraint

侧向支撑 lateral bracing, side bracing

拆除 demolition, removal

长细比 slenderness ratio

厂房 factory building, mill building

超静定 statical indetermination

承包 contract

承包商 contractor

等效截面 equivalent section

底标高 bottom elevation

电梯 lift, elevator, electric lift

电梯井 elevator hoistway, lift well, lift shaft 电梯机房 elevator machine room

方案 scheme, plan, programme

方案设计 schematic plan

方案图 schematic drawing

防爆 explosion protection,explosion-proofing

防潮层 damp-proof course

防冻 freezing prevention, frost protection

防冻剂 antifreeze compound

防腐 preservation

防腐剂 preservative, preservative agent

防滑 slip-resistance

防滑处理 deslicking treatment

防滑条 non-slip insert

防火 fire prevention, fire proofing

防火材料 fireproof material

防火分区 fire compartment

防水 waterproofing

防水材料 waterproof material

防水砂浆 waterproof mortar

防酸 acid proofing

方形 square

防锈 rust prevention

防锈剂 anti-rust agent

防振 vibration protection

分配系数 distribution coefficient

风化 weathering, efflorescence

风向 wind direction

附图 attached drawing

附注 note, annotation

高层建筑 high-rise building

高差 difference in elevation

高跨比 ratio of rise to span

高宽比 depth-width ratio

高耸结构 high-rise structure

隔断 partition, divider

工程 project, engineering

工程量 quantities

工程量表 bill of quantities

工业厂房 industrial factory building

工业建筑 industrial architecture

公称直径 nominal diameter

公式 formula

公司 company, corporation

拱 arch

共振 resonance, sympathetic vibration

管架 pipe rack

规范 regulation, code

规格 specifications, standards

规模 scale, scope

国家规范 national regulation

国家标准 national standards

合同 contract

横向变形 transverse deformation

横向刚度 lateral rigidity

化工厂 chemical plant

货梯 freight elevator, goods lift

极限承载能力 ultimate bearing capacity

纪要 summary

计算书 calculation sheet

技术资料 technical data

剪刀撑, 交叉撑 X-brace, cross brace

简图 sketch, diagram

简支梁 simple beam

交叉 intersection, crossing

交点 intersection point

铰接 hinged connection, hinge joint, pin connection 结构变形 structural deformation

结构图 structural drawing

结构形式 structural style

结构稳定性 structural stability

结论 conclusion, verdict

截面 section

界限 limits, bounds, demarcation line

紧急出口 emergency exit

精确度 accuracy, precision, excatitude,

局部破坏 local failure, partial failure

矩形 rectangular

抗冻 frost resisting

抗风柱 wind resistance column

立面 elevation, facade

粒径 particle diameter

连续梁 continuous beam

两铰拱 two-hinged arch

裂缝 rift, crack, crevice

楼梯 stair

楼梯间 staircase

楼梯扶手 stair rail

楼梯净空 stair headroom

楼梯平台, 休息平台 landing, pace, stair landing 楼梯坡度 pitch of stair, slope of stair

楼梯踏步 stair step

铝合金 aluminum alloy 铝合金窗 aluminum alloy window

民用建筑 civil architecture

摩擦 friction

耐火等级 fire resistance rating

耐久性 durability, endurance

爬梯 cat ladder

疲劳破坏 fatigue failure

频率 frequency

平面布置 plan layout

平台 terrace, platform, deck

平台栏杆 platform railing

剖面 section

剖面图 sectional drawing

侵蚀 corrosion, erosion

倾覆 overturning, toppling

人孔 manhole

容许误差 allowable error, permissible error

容许值 permissible value, allowable value

晒图 blueprinting

上部结构 superstructure

设计要求 design requirements

设计资料 design data

伸缩缝 expansion joint

室外楼梯 exterior stair, outside stairway

双向板 two-way slab

水平撑 horizontal brace

踏步 step

踏步板 tread

弹簧 spring

填充材料 filling material

填充墙 filler wall

挑板 cantilever slab

挑檐 projecting eaves, overhang eaves

停车场 car park, parking lot

通用构件 standard member

通用图 standard drawing

通用详图 standard detail

统一标准 unified standards

统一构件 unified structure element

投标 bid, tender

招标 bidding

图集 collective drawings,collection of drawings 图签 title block

温差 temperature difference

稳定性 stability, steadiness

污水处理 sewage disposal, sewage treatment

先张法预应力 pretensioned prestressing

现行标准 currently effective standards

详图, 大样 detail drawing, detail

橡胶止水带 rubber waterstop

消防 firefighting, fire protection

斜率 slope

卸荷 unloading

卸货平台 discharging platform, unloading platform 悬臂 cantilever

悬臂板 cantilever slab

悬臂梁 cantilever beam, overhanging beam

悬挂 hanging suspension

压缩机 compressor

压缩模量 modulus of compression

延性 ductility, ductileness

业主 client, owner

一览表 table, schedule, list

有效截面 effective section

预应力损失 loss of prestress,prestressing loss

圆形 circular shape, round

圆柱 circular column, round column

约束 confinement, restraint, constraint

约束条件 constrain condition

展开图 developed drawing

栈桥 landing stage, loading bridge

罩棚 awning

折减系数 reduction factor

折算高度 reduced height

支座 support, pedestal

直爬梯 vertical ladder

止水带 water stop

中和轴 neutral axis

重心 center of gravity

周期 period, cycle

转弯半径 turning radius

转动惯量 rotational inertia

装卸平台 loading and unloading platform

g. General Words for Construction 施工常用词汇

拌和料 mixture

标准级配 standard grading

补强 strengthening, stiffening

测量 survey, measurement

拆模 form removal

尺寸 dimension, size

抄平 leveling

处理 treatment

搭接 lap joint, lapping, overlap joint

搭接长度 splicing length

打底 bedding, priming

打夯, 夯实 ramming, tamping

打桩 pile driving, piling, driving

粗砂 coarse sand

捣实 rodding, tamping

地质勘测 geological exploration,geological survey 吊装 hoisting

定位 locating, positioning

堆料区 stacking area

洞口 opening

放大 enlargement, amplification

放线 setting out

放样 lofting, setting out

分层夯实 compaction in layers

分层回填 back-filling in layers

蜂窝麻面 voids and pits

改建 reconstruction, alteration

改造 transformation, remodeling 钢模 steel mould

钢套管 steel thimble, steel sleeve

工厂预制构件 factory-made component

骨料, 集料 aggregate

骨料级配 gradation of aggregate

骨料粒径 aggregate size

贯入度 penetration

灌浆 grouting, grout jection

和易性 workability

后张法 post-tensioning method

含水量 water content, moisture content

混凝土剥落 scaling of concrete

混凝土外加剂 concrete additive, concrete agent 混凝土浇筑 pouring of concrete

级配 gradation, grading

加固 reinforcement, strengthening

加腋 haunching

间距 spacing, pit

建设 building, construction

建筑安装工程 construction and installation work 建筑材料 building materials

建筑结构 building structure

建筑设计院 architecture design institute

建筑施工 building construction

检修人孔 inspection manhole

浇筑 pouring, placing, depositing

脚手架 scaffold, scaffolding

结构标高 structural elevation

进度估计 progress estimate

净高 clear height

净距 clear distance

净空 clearance

绝对标高 absolute elevation, absolute level

竣工 completion

竣工图“As Built” drawing

开工 commencement of work

扩建 extension, enlargement

离析 segregation

临时设施 construction site facilities

临时道路 temporary road

麻面 hungry spots

埋入长度 embedment length

面层 coat, coating

抹灰 plastering, rendering

抹灰面层 finish plaster

模板 form, shutter board

模板工程 formwork

喷涂 spray coating, spraying

膨胀螺栓 expansion bolt, expansion anchor

平整 leveling

平整场地 leveling of ground

坡道, 斜坡道 ramp, slope ramp, slope way

起吊 hoisting

砂浆 mortar

升板 lift slab

升板法施工 lift slab construction

施工 construction

施工单位 construction organization

施工缝 construction joint, working joint

施工图 construction drawing

时效 aging

试样 sample, test sample

收缩 shrinkage, contraction

水灰比 water-cement ratio

水泥 cement

水泥抹面 cement plaster

水泥砂浆 cement mortar

水泥砂浆找平 cement mortar screeding

坍落度 slump

梯子 ladder, stepladder

提升模板climbing form,climbing shuttering

温度缝 temperature joint

误差 error, inaccuracy

细骨料 fine aggregate

细石混凝土 fine concrete

现场预制 site prefabrication

现浇混凝土 cast-in-place concrete

相对标高 relative elevation, relative level

徐变 creep

养护 curing

永久变形 permanent deformation

预留孔 preformed hole, prepared hole

预埋件 embedded parts, embedded inserts

预埋螺栓 embedded bolt, inserted bolt

找平 leveling, screeding

找平层 leveling coat, leveling course

振捣 vibration

振捣棒 poker vibration, vibrating needle, vibrator 支模 form erecting, erection of shuttering

最佳级配 optimum gradation

坐标 coordinate

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