英语写作术语

acknowledgement致谢active voice主动语态affirmative sentence肯定句agent施动者alliteration头韵ambiguity歧义American English美式英语analogy类比analytic expression分析型表达anastrophe词语倒装法anticlimax order突降法anti-rhetorical反修辞antithesis对照\对偶antonomasia换称antonym反义词apostrophe撇号(即') appositive同位语archaic words古词argumentation议论文argumentative writing议论文写作article冠词ascending order递增法association联想attitude态度audience听众awkwardness拙劣balanced sentence平衡句base词根beginning开头beginning paragraph开头段落between sentences句际bibliography书目

big words大词block contrast批对比法body主体

bookish verbs学究式动词brainstorming头脑风暴法brevity简练

British English英式英语broken sentence破碎句capitalization用大写

case study案例分析casual style非正式文体causal analysis因果分析cause-effect development由因到果发展法central thought中心思想Chinese inteference中文干扰Chinglish中国式英语choice of words选词

choppy sentence断续句circular and periodic structure循环圆周结构circumlocutory兜圈子的clarity明晰classical rhetoric古典修辞模式classification分类发展法clear reference of pronoun代词前指明晰clear sentence意义明晰句cliché陈词滥调climax order递增顺序clipped words词省略拼法closing paragraph结尾段落coherence连贯coherent连贯的cohesion粘着性cohesive device粘着手段collective noun集体名词collocation搭配colloquial口语化的colloquial context口语语境colloquialism口语化

colon冒号combination句子合并组合法comma逗号common words普通词commonly-used expressions常用语communication means交际手段communicative principles of written English书面语交际原则comparison比较法Complete essay checklist作品核查项目单complete sentence完整句complex sentence复杂句complimentary close结尾套语compound sentence复合句compound-complex sentence复杂复合句conceptual repetition概念重复法concise简洁conclusion结论concrete illustration具体阐明concrete words实义词confusing pronoun reference代词前指混乱confusing sentence意义混乱句conjunction连词connective联系词connotation内涵connotative meaning内涵意义conscious logic逻辑意识consistency一致性consistent diction选词一致性consonant辅音consultative style商谈体content内容

context语境contraction省略contrast对比法controlling idea主要思想

conventionality of collocation搭配习惯conversion词性转换表达法

co-occurrence共现coordinating conjunction复合句连词coordination复合

correlation相关性

corrupt English 迂腐英语

cross-cultural writing跨文化写作culture文化

curriculum vitae简历

dangling modifier悬垂修饰语

dash破折号

dateline写信日期栏declarative sentence陈述句deduction演绎法deductive演绎逻辑的deductive argumentation演绎论证

definite article定冠词

definition定义法

degree of formality and familiarity正式与熟悉程度denotation外延

denotative meaning外延意义descending order递降顺序description描写

descriptive描述性的descriptive writing描写文development发展

diagram图表说明

diction选词differentiation区别

digressive跑题、离题的direct method of impressionistic description印象法描写的直接法direct thinking pattern直接了当的思维模式directions题义指令discouse pattern篇章模式

distance from tone语调产生距离divert from the planned thesis偏离计划主题division分析分类法documenting the paper论文引证domesticating strategy归化战略domestication归化法

drably表达干巴

draft草稿

effect-cause development由果到因发展法effective paragraph表述有力的段落effective sentence表达有力的句子effective variety表达有力的变化egalitarian(思维)平等化elaboration进一步详尽阐述electronic news media电子新闻媒体embedding structure内嵌结构emotional coloring感情色彩emphasis强调emphatic phrases强调性短语emphatic structure强调性结构emphatic words强调性词语ending结尾

ending paragraph结尾段落English thinking英语思维English thinking characters英语思维特征English thinking pattern英语思维模式enumeration列举法epigrammatic effect隽语效果establish context确立语境establish rapport建立沟通基础euphemism委婉语evaluating information评估材料evidence证据exclamation mark感叹号exclamatory sentence感叹句

exemplification举例法

expected functions（信件的）期望交际功能expletive虚词\填充词

explicit language明示的语言explicitness明示性

exposition阐述文\议论文expository writing议论文写作expounding解释详细说明expressionism表现主义

fallacy in argumentation论证谬误

familiar熟悉的

faulty parallelism错误平行

feedback反馈

fiery language情绪激动的语言

figure of speech修辞

filler words填充词

first draft第一稿

first-person point of view第一人称

flashback倒叙

focus中心

foreignization外化法

foreignizing strategy外化战略

formal 正式的

formal letter正式信函

formal repetition形式重复法

formal style正式文体

formal words正式体词语formulating thesis statement写作主题句

four-character expression(汉语)四字成语fragmental sentence破碎句

free choice自由选择

frequency of usage使用频率

frozen expressions极正式用语

frozen style极正式文体

full spelling完全拼法

full stop句号

fullness(段落发展)充分性fundamental English thinking manners英语思维基本模式general connotation普遍内涵意义

general pattern常见形式

general words一般词汇generalization概括法

general-specific pattern由概括到具体发展模式genres风格、体裁gobbledygook官样文章、冗长费解的语言grammatical devices语法技巧grammaticality符合语法性

heading信头

historical association历史联想

hyperbole夸张法

hyphen分号

hyphenated words用连字号连接的词hyponymy下义关系

hyponym下义词

ideographic synonym相对近义词

idiom成语

idiomatic usage习惯用法

illustration佐证

imperative sentence祈使句

impersonal非个性化的、客观的implicit language含蓄语言

implicitness含蓄

implied meaning隐含意义impressionistic description印象描写法

indefinite article不定冠词

indent行缩进

in-depth analysis深度分析

indirect method of impressionistic description印象描写法的非直接法individual words独立个体词individualistic个性化

induction归纳法

inductive归纳法的

inductive argumentation归纳法论证法inductive reasoning归纳法论证

infinitive mark不定式标记

inflexible and explicit logic刚性显性逻辑informal非正式的

informal letter非正式信函information focus信息中心

information missing信息遗漏

informative提供信息的、提供知识的innuendo讽刺、暗指

inside address信内地址interpretation of examples对例子的诠释interpretative reporting诠释性报告interrogative sentence疑问句

interrupting expressions插入短语

intimate亲密

intimate style亲密体

introductory adverbial clause引导性状语从句inverted pyramid form倒金字塔形式inverted word order词序颠倒法

involved modifiers复杂修饰语

involved sentence意义复杂句

irony反语

jargon行话

journalese新闻体

journalistic writing新闻写作

justify the significance论证意义

keep to the point紧扣主题

key words关键词

lack of inflection缺少词形变化language problem语言问题

learned words学术用词

lengthy passage过长段落

letter信函

levels of usage用法层次

lexical reference句法前指法

lexical stylistic devices句法风格技巧

line shifting换行

linear thinking pattern线形思维模式

listing列举

literal meaning字面意义

literary context文学性语境

literary works文学作品

literature review文献回顾

litotes反语法、间接肯定法、曲言法locating information搜索定位材料

logical paragraphing逻辑分段法

logical thinking modes逻辑思维模式

logical words and expressions逻辑词逻辑短语logicalness逻辑性

long sentence长句

loose sentence松散句

loss of style偏离一贯的风格

main body主体

main idea主要思想

main point要点

manuscript手稿、原稿

margin页边距

materials collecting材料搜集

materials sorting材料析选

maxim of manner方式次则

maxim of quality质量次则

maxim of quantity数量次则

maxim of relevance相关次则

meaning意义

means手段

mechanical English缺乏灵活的英语

message信息

messy混乱

metaphor隐喻

metonymy借代

midget words小词、常用词

militant tone态度强硬的语调misplaced modifier错位修饰语

modifier修饰语

monotony单调

mood语态

mood shifting语态转换

mouth-filler口头禅

narration叙述体

narrative叙述体的

narrative writing叙述体写作

nature of English language英语语言本质

neat整洁

negative meaning负面意义

negative sentence否定句

newly coined words新撰词

news report新闻报道

news report top-heavy新闻报道的头重模式nominalization名词化

non-literaray works非文学作品nonrestrictive clause非限制性从句nonrestrictive phrase非限制性短语

nonverbal language非言语语言（手势、表情等）noun-oriented sentence倾向名词化的句子

novel小说

number数

number shifting数的转换

objective description客观描写

obscurity意义不明

on equal footing（写作风格）平等化

one-sentence paragraph一句段落

onomatopoeia拟声词

opening paragraph开头段落

organization组织

outline提纲

oxymoron矛盾修饰法

padded expression兜圈子的表达

parady仿拟

paragraph段落

paragraph as an independent entity独立实体的段落

paragraph development段落发展法

paragraphing分段法

parallel structure平行结构

parallelism平行结构

parentheses插入语\圆括弧

parenthetical expressions插入语

passive sentence被动句

period句号

periodic sentence圆周句

person人称

person shifting人称转换

personal个体化的

personal connotation对个体而言的内涵意义personal letter个人信函

personification拟人化

persuasive writing劝服性写作、以劝说为目的的写作phonetic stylistic device语音风格技巧

phrasal verbs短语动词

plain sentence相对修辞句的平白句plantification拟物

point意义点

point of view观点

point-by-point contrast逐点对比

polite礼貌体的

poor English英语表达力贫乏的

positional relation位置相关

positivist-empirical经验实证性

power of communication沟通力

practical writing应用文写作

precise word表达精确的词汇precision精确

prefix前缀

preparatory reading写作预备阅读preposition介词

presenting ideas阐述观点

prewriting写作前

printed name of the sender印刷体写信人姓名printed news media印刷体新闻媒体problem-solution提出问题-解决问题的模式process程序法

pronoun代词

pronoun shifting代词转换

pronoun-antecedent agreement代词先行词一致proofread校对

proper names专有名词

public（语篇系统特征）公开性pun双关语

punctuation标点

punctuation mark标点符号purposefulness目的性

Queen's English标准英语

question mark问号

quotation引用

quotation mark引号

quoted speech引语

reader读者

readers-oriented读者为中心的

reader-responsible读者文责的

reasoning论证

redundant collocation多余搭配

reference line参考行

register语域

relationship between sentences句际关系

relative noun关系名词

relative synonym相对近义词repetition重复

repetition of structure结构重复法

report writing报告写作representative unit of English thinking英语思维代表单元research parper writing研究报告写作restatement重申法

resume 个人简历

return address回信地址returning to the beginning照应开头法

revise修改

rhetoric修辞

rhetoric of sentence句子修辞rhetorical analogy修辞类比rhetorical question反问句

rhetorical words华丽用语

round character性格充分体现的人物roundabout style迂回风格

run-on sentence“连环”句salutation称呼语

sample样本

sarcasm讽刺

semicolon分号

sentencing组句

setting场景

shades of meaning隐含义

short preposition短介词

short sentence短句

short story短篇故事signature签名

simile明喻

simple English简明英语

simple sentence简单句

simple words简单词sincerity真诚性singleness of purpose目的唯一性situation情景situationally appropriate于情景贴切的slang俚语

social association社会联想special terms特殊术语specific words具体词汇speech口头言语spelling拼写

stage步骤法statistics数据法strength of meaning意义力度strength of word词语力度stringy sentence“连环”句structural behavior结构行为

style风格、文体style is the man风格即人

style makes sense风格即成意义stylistic coloring文体色彩stylistic label文体标记stylistic reference文体照应stylistic synonym风格近义词stylistically appropriate于文体贴切的sub-ideas次思想subject主题

subject line主题行subject-oriented以主题为中心的subject-verb agreement主谓一致subordination句子从属组合法subsidiary points副观点substantial verb实义动词substitution替代法

sub-topics副主题

suffix后缀

summary摘要superordinate上义词suspense悬念

syllable音节

syllogism三段论、演绎推理symbolic符号的synaesthesia通感synecdoche提喻

synonym近义词syntactical stylistic device句法风格技巧synthetic expression综合型表达systematic系统性

tense shifting时的转换

terse passage简练的行文

test writing应试写作textual distribution文稿布局

the right style合适的风格theme主题

third-person point of view第三人称

timed writing限时作文

title writing标题写作

to preach训导式、说教式to reason讲道理、逻辑论证tone语调

tones of voice语气

topic 话题

topic sentence主题句transferred epithet/hypallage移就

transition过渡transitional mark过渡标记transitional techniques过渡技巧truthfulness真实性

types of characters人物性格类别ungrammaticality不符合语法性

unity统一性unnatural shifting不自然转换usage用法

variation趋势分析variety多样化

verbal language言语语言verbalization动词化

verb-oriented sentence倾向动词化的句子vigor力度

vividness生动vocabulary词汇

vogue slang流行俚语

vowel元音

vulgar words平民词语

word class词类

word division断词法

word order词序

word power单词表达力wordiness多话、罗嗦wordy罗嗦的

writer-responsible作者文责的writer's purpose作者目的writing写作

writing attitudes写作态度writing process写作过程writing purpose写作目的

zero affix零缀\词性转换法zero derivation零缀\词性转换法