英语专业八级人文常识

专八语言学练习

1. Which of the following feature is NOT one of the design features of language?

a. Language is a system,

b. Language is symboli

c.

c. Animal also have language,

d. Language is arbitrary.

2. The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human language is .

a. arbitrary

b. non-arbitrary

c. logical

d. non-productive

3. Which of the following terms best describes the "-ate" in the word "affectionate"?

a. Derivational morpheme,

b. Inflectional morpheme.

c. Free morpheme,

d. Prefix.

4. Which of the following teerms best describes the pair of words kill and dill?

a. Minimal pair.

b. A phonemic contrast.

c. Closed class words,

d. Bound morphemes.

5. What is the basic lexical relation between piece and peace?

a. Synonymy.

b. Antonymy.

c. Homonymy.

d. Polysemy.

6. /p/ is different from /b/ in .

a. the manner of articulation

b. the shape of the lips.

c. the vibration of the vocal cords.

d. the place of articulation.

7. Of all the speech organs, the is/are the most flexible.

a. mouth

b. lips

c. tongue

d. vocal cords

8. The phonological features, the consonant /t/ are .

a. voiced stop

b. voiceless stop

c. voiced fricative

d. voiceless fricative

9. The branch of linguistics that studies show context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called .

a. semantics

b. pragmatics

c. sociolinguistics

d. psycholinguistics

10. The utterance "We' ve abeady eaten ten tons. " Obviously violates the maxim of .

a. quality

b. quantity

c. relation

d. manner

11. All the back vowels in English are pronounced with rounded-lips, i. e. rounded,

Except .

a./a:/

b./u/

c./3: /

d./u/

12. The semantic relationship between the two sentences "Mary' s son is an engineer" and "Mary has a son" is .

a. entailment

b. presupposition

c. synonymy

d. inconsistency

13. Which of the following sentences is a commissive?

a. The earth is round.

b. I now pronounce you husband and wife.

c. I' m really sorry !

d. I' 11 be here tomorrow.

14. Semantic feature analysis attempts to account for the of a word according to the presence or absence of a specific semantic feature in the word.

a. conceptual meaning

b. social meaning

c. connotative meaning

d. affective meaning

15. act is the extra meaning of the utterance produced on the basis of its literal meaning.

a. Speech

b. Locutionary

c. Illocutionary

d. Perlocutionary

16. is a group of people using a given language or dialect. They use the same kind of language or dialect which is highly stratified in terms of social division.

a. Speech community

b. Individual dialect

c. Regional dialect

d. Social dialect

17. The situation where two very different varieties of the same language are used side by side for two different sets of functions is termed as

a. diglossia

b. bilingualism

c. muhilingualism

d. register

18. A is a variety of a language that is not a native language of anyone, but is learned on contact situation such as trading.

a. pidgin

b. creole

c. dialect

d. lingua franca

19. The word "lab" is formed through

a. back formation

b. blending

c. clipping

d. derivation

20. Which of the following items is not one of the grammatical categories of English pronouns ?

a. Gender

b. Number

c. Case

d. V oice

21. The pair of words "lend" and "borrow" are

a. gradable opposites

b. converse opposites

c. co-hypinyms

d. synonyms

22. "Big" and "Small" are a pair of opposites.

a. complementary

b. gradable

c. complete

d. converse

23. is the study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication.

a. Semantics

b. Pragmatics

c. Sociolinguistics

d. Psycholinguistics

24. A variety of a language used recognizably in a specific region or by a specific social class is called a

a. dialect

b. registers

c. creoles

d. pidgins

25. In a speech community people have something in common

---a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it.

a. socially

b. linguistically

c. culturally

d. pragmaticlly

26. [1] and [r] function in a minimal pair of

a. lid and rid

b. lad and red

c. peel and pear

d. Both a, b and c.

27. Man' s linguistic ability enables him to produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences in his native language, including the sentences which were never heard before. This design feature of language is .

a. specialization

b. cultural transmission

c. productivity

d. arbitrariness

28. The study of language development over a period of time is generally termed as linguistics, which focuses on the changes and developments of language.

a. comparative

b. applied

c. synchronic

d. diachronic

29. Human language operates on two levels of structure. At on elevel are elements which have no meaning in themselves but which combine to form units at another level which do have meaning. This design feature

of language is called

a. displacement

b. duality

c. arbitrariness

d. interchangeability

30. If three consonants could cluster together at the beginning of a word, the first phoneme must be

a. [s]

b.[t]

c.[1]

d.[p]

31. A is the smallest meaningful phonetic segment of an utterance on the level of parole.

a. morpheme

b. phone

c. phoneme

d. morph

32. There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix "ed" in the word learned is known as a (n) .

a. derivational morpheme

b. free morpheme

c. inflectional morpheme

d. free form

33. is a sub-field of linguistics that studies the sentence structure of language.

a. Morphology

b. Syntax

c. Semantics

d. Pragmatics

34. The concept of the minimal pair is proposed for identifying .

a. phonemes

b. allophones

c. morphemes

d. allomorphs

35. In the following conversation:

A: Beirut is in Peru, isn' t it?

B: And Rome is in Romania, 1 suppose.

B violates the

a. Quality Maxim

b. Quantity Maxim

c. Relation Maxim

d. Manner Maxim

36. The semantic relationship between flower and rose is

a. hyponyms

b. hyponymy

c. co-hymonyms

d. superodinate

37. The word " unhappiness" has morphemes.

a. one

b. two

c. three

d. four

38. Which of the following sound is diphthong?

a. [ai]

b. [t]

c. [dv]

d. [A]

39. "Hot dog" with the first element stressed means .

a. a dog which is not

b. a barking dog

c. a kind of food

d. a dead dog

40. The plural affix in the word table is a(n) .

a. inflectional suffix

b. derivational suffix

c. free morpheme

d. root

41. In first language acquisition children usually grammatical rules from the linguist information they hear.

a. use

b. accept

c. generalize

d. reconstruct

42. According to Krashen, refers to the gradual and

subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations.

a. learning

b. competence

c. performance

d. acquisition

43. The criterion used in IC analysis is

a. transformation

b. conjoining

c. grouping

d. substitutability

44. Which branch of phonetics concerns the production of speech sounds?

a. Acoustic phonetics

b. Articulatory phonetics

c. Auditory phonetics

d. Neither of them

45. refers to the study and analysis of the mistakes made by second and foreign language learners.

a. Contrastive analysis

b. Error analysis

c. Interlanguage

d. The behaviorist approach

参考答案

1-5 caaac 6-10 cccbb 11-15 abdac

16-20 aaacd 21-25 bbbab 26-30 acdba

31-35 ccbac 36-40 bcacb 41-45 cddbb

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