2017医学考博英语作文分析及范文指导2

2017医学考博英语作文分析及范文指导（2）医学考博英语作文内容为要求考生根据一篇800-1000字的汉语医学

科普文章，写出一篇200字的英文摘要，很多考博生感到无从下笔，新东

方在线考博频道将带领大家根据模医学考博英语作文拟试题进行分析指导。

Directions：In this part there is an essay inChinese. Read it carefully and then write a summary of 200 words in English onthe ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that your summary covers all the major points ofthe article.

长期以来，我国传统医德把“救人活命”、“延年益寿”当作医生唯一职责，认为医学的目的是维持生命，即使最低的生命质量也应不惜代价去延续它，这种道义主义偏重生命的数量，而不顾及生命的价值和效果。我们认为，

救死扶伤应该是指那些有存活意义的生命，对于拯救绝症垂死的生命，那

只是一个善良的愿望，并无任何积极意义。医务人员不惜一切代价，借助

现代医疗设备，维护病人的心跳和呼吸，延长一个无价值的生命，表面上

看来实行了人道主义，合乎医学伦理道德，实际上却是无谓地延长和加重

了病人的痛苦。

安乐死作为满足绝症病人“无痛致死”愿望的一种临终处置方法，它不是授人以死，而是授死者以安乐，它不是死亡的直接原因和性质，而是死亡

过程中的一种良好状态。安乐死的本质不是决定“生与死”，而是决定垂死病人死亡的过程是“痛苦死”还是“安乐死”，它的目的在于使必死的病人无痛苦地死去，提高生命末端的质量，体面地、有尊严走向死亡。因此，安乐死

不是非人道的“变相杀人”，它蕴含着极高的伦理道德意义。首先，实施安乐

死符合病人的自身利益。对于身患绝症，临近死亡、肉体极度痛苦的病人应其本人的恳求予以安乐死，它并没有改变病人必死的结局，只是改变了病人继续忍受和延长毫无意义的痛苦的命运，是对病人选择死亡的时间和方式、以尽早摆脱肉体痛苦和精神折磨的权利的：尊重和保障。因此，实施安乐死，是在特定情况下病人的最高利益的体现，符合医学伦理道德的基本要求。其次，安乐死反映了人类无痛苦死亡的愿望和对“优死”的企盼，是人类理性的觉醒。“生”与“死”同时存在，相伴相随，构成人生的全过程。伴随着社会的发展，科技的进步，人们生活质量的提高，追求生命的价值，提高生存的质量逐步成为人们新的选择。

人类在提倡“优生、优育、优活”的同时，也倡导“优死”，人们期望在生命的终期，尽可能减少死亡时的痛苦，提高“死”的质量，让人们能够勇敢地接受死亡，维护人类尊严。因此，安乐死的实施，提高人的生命终期的质量，改善人类“死”的状况，给病人以尊严的死，无痛苦的死，是完全符合人道主义的。再次，安乐死维护的是一种利他主义的尊严。安乐死不仅能解除病人临终时的极度痛苦，至死保护人的尊严，而且能够使社会有限的卫生资源得到合理应用，也减轻了病人亲属的负担。我国是一个发展中国家，医疗卫生资源十分有限，不能满足13亿人口的需要。如果对濒临死亡的绝症病人进行毫无效果的救治，既违反了病人的意愿，延续病人的痛苦，又浪费了医疗卫生资源，使社会、尤其是病人的亲属承受巨大的经济负担和精神负担，这本身就不符合医学伦理学的基本要求。因此，安乐死的实施有助于人们正视死亡，笑迎死亡，完成个人对家庭、对社会乃至人类的义务，让人生的落幕更尊严、更辉煌、更有价值。

随着现代医学的迅速发展和人们思想观念的日益更新，安乐死已日趋为人们所理解和接受，成为诸多绝症晚期病人及其亲属的企盼。实践证明安乐死是可行的，也是道德的。我们期盼加快安乐死在我国的立法工作，让安乐死合情合理又合法。

【写作分析】

这篇文章从结构上来说不太清晰，所述内容较多且繁杂，想在很短的篇幅中把问题说得清清楚楚，整理起来有相当的难度。首先要找出其主旨：捍卫安乐死，为安乐死辩解。安乐死非但不是“变相杀人”，相反，它可以提高生命末端的质量，可以使病人体面地、有尊严地走向死亡，无痛苦地死去。然后，从结构上把文章分成三个部分：

1. 安乐死这个问题的提出。

2. 安乐死的定义及作者提出的几条理由。

3. 对未来人们对安乐死的态度的推断和展望。

阅读过程中，务必用一支铅笔把你认为关键的句子，短语，尤其是提纲挈领的句子划下来。这样你就不会陷入作者的“迷魂阵”了。文章虽然与医学有关，但实际上太专深的医学术语并不是很多。

有几个关键词考生是必须掌握并用在摘要中的。这些词包括：

安乐死euthanasia

伦理学的ethical

道德的moral

合法化legalize/-ation

患绝症的terminally ill

垂死的dying

延长prolong

质量quality

送你一句话：“写作时，切忌…见木不见林?，要体现出层次感，结构要明快，这样可以向阅卷老师表明你的逻辑性很强，抓住了要点”。

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2018年全国医学考博英语试题.d o c

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