西南财经大学考博英语真题2011答案解析

西南财经大学考博英语真题2011答案解析

PartⅠV ocabulary

1.A 译文：从主干道不能进他们的屋子。

解析：固定词组，access to 进入，通往…的道路。

2.B 译文：每年尼亚加拉大瀑布观光胜地吸引着不计其数的人前去。

解析：tourist attraction观光胜地；attention注意力；appointment约定，任命；arrangement 布置，整理。

3.C 译文：每年迪士尼要替换掉差不多8000棵草木，因为迪士尼不愿意张贴禁止游客踩踏

草木的标语。

解析：put down放下，记下；put out熄灭，出版；put up张贴；put off推迟。

4.B 译文：整个世界的犯罪数量在增加，我们有理由相信接下来的十年内这种趋势会继续。

解析：emergency紧急情况；trend趋势；pace步速；schedule计划。

5.C 译文：路上的大洞阻碍了交通。

解析：set back推迟，使受挫；stand back退后；hold up 阻挡，阻碍；keep down控制，镇压。

6.A 译文：我们的一贯政策是通过和平手段求团结。

解析：固定短语，consistent policy 一贯的政策；continuous连续的，持续的；considerate 体贴的；continual频繁的。

7.D 译文：如果这种鱼变得供不应求，后代就可能再也尝不到这种鱼了。

解析：固定词组，become scarce 供不应求；minimum最小的；short不足的；seldom 难得，不常；scarce不足的，缺少的。

8.B 译文：希望、目标、恐惧和渴望在男女之间、贫富之间变化很大。

解析：固定搭配，vary widely大相径庭，变化很大。

9.C 译文：农业是人类进步的一步，因为在机器时代之前没有任何事物可以与之相比。

解析：固定词组，be comparable to 比得上；

10.B 译文：在中国家庭中，祖父母和其他的亲戚在教育孩子的过程中有着不可或缺的作用。

解析：incapable无能力的；indispensable不可缺少的；insensible无知觉的；infinite无限的。

11.A 译文：飞机引擎的轰鸣声宣告着即将迫近的空袭。

解析：roar轰鸣声；exclamation感叹，惊叫；whistle鸣汽笛，吹口哨；scream尖叫声。

12.A 译文：以前让病人感到精疲力竭和需要长期的恢复的手续现在让人们很轻松很舒服。

解析：exhausted疲惫的，精疲力竭的；abandoned被抛弃的；injured 受伤的；deserted 荒芜的。

13.D 译文：我刚要划火柴时便想起了汤姆的警告。

解析：固定词组，strike a match 划火柴。

14.C 译文：你不应该在空白处写东西，因为这本书属于图书馆。

解析：interval 间隔，间距；border 边境；margin页边的空白；edge边缘。

15.A 译文：他非常确信他绝对不可能在两天之内完成任务。

解析：absolutely 绝对地；exclusively专有地；fully充分地；roughly概略地。

16.D 译文：有些疾病是由一些水产动物传播的。

解析：transplant移植；transform改变；transport运输；transmit传播。

17.C 译文：这个床在我们家里世代相传，最初是属于我曾祖母的。

解析：hand out分发，施舍；hand over交出，移交；hand down世代相传；hand round 分发，顺次传递。

18.A 译文：1974年和1997间，海外游客的数量增长了27%。

解析：expand by 增长了，而expand to 表示“增长到”，后面接具体的数字。

19.C 译文：二十世纪见证了极大的世界政治、经济和文化传播。

解析：tradition传统；transportation交通，运输；transmission传播；transformation变化，变形。

20.B 译文：这就是那位在我住院的时候照顾我的护士。

解析：固定词组，attend to 照顾；accompany陪伴；entertain娱乐，招待；shield遮蔽，包庇。

21.D 译文：他为能被选中参加这个比赛而骄傲，他向我们保证他会尽最大的努力。

解析：assume承担，假定；insure guarantee assure这三个词意思相近，均可表示“保证”之意。但在意义用法上有所区别：insure 意思是为防不测向保险公司付钱

投保；guarantee 对某事物的品质或人的行为"提出担保"，对事物、商品等无

质量,性能等方面的欺诈行为做出保证，guarantee sb sth；assure用来表示向某

人保证某事将要发生，既可以用来确证某事，也可以表示使某人确信，assure

的宾语通常是人或人称代词，所以不能直接搭用that -clause。其常用结构为：

assure sb of sth，assure sb that-clause.

22.D 译文：眼神交流很重要，因为错误的交流可能造成交流障碍。

解析：tragedy悲剧；vacuum真空；question问题；barrier障碍。

23.A 译文：这张票可以让你免费坐船观赏湖景。

解析：entitle sb to sth/to do sth 授予，归于某人做某事的权利；appoint sb to任命；grant sb sth 给予某人某物；credit sth to sb给予某人某物。

24.A 译文：尽管很多人认为观点冲突是件不好的事，但有时候也有好处，利用观念冲突可

以让人们测试其态度和行为的相对价值。

解析：定语从句的介词运用，by通过，利用。

25.B 译文：相同的因素推动着工资和价格的一起上涨，一个加强另一个

解析：emphasize强调，着重；reinforce加强，强化；multiply使增加；increase增加。

26.A 译文：地球下积聚的能量肯定会以某种形式释放出来，例如地震。

解析：accumulated 积累的，积聚的；gathered只作为gather的分词，不可用于定语；

assembled 组合的，安装的；collected镇定的，收集的。

27.B 译文：广告上说这种材料不会缩水，但事实不是如此。

解析：contract 缩紧，收缩；shrink收缩，缩水；slim变细；dissolve溶解。contract 、shrink均可表示收缩，但只有shrink 可表示“缩水”之意。

28.D 译文：他对明年赢得奥运金牌的机会很乐观。

解析：be optimistic about对某事乐观积极。

29.B 译文：新年前夕，纽约市举行的户外活动吸引了很多的人。

解析：hold an outdoor event 举行户外活动

30.C 译文：律师建议他放弃这个案子，因为他的胜算不大。

解析：case 案件。

PartⅡReading Comprehension

Passage 1

31.答案D

解析：文章第二段提到what follows that “but”can render the apology ineffective: “I had a bad day”or “your noise was giving me a headache”leaves the person who has been injured

feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology。可知答案为D。

32.答案B

解析：根据第三段的“I am sorry you are upset ,this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.我因为被别人做的事情弄得心烦意乱而抱歉”。这句话表明你让我很烦，但这是我的错我不怪你。所以依据此意，B符合。

33.答案C

解析：第三段提到“Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. 泛泛的道歉并不能让道歉者意识到自己的行为对别人的伤害或侮辱，也达不到让道歉者承诺以后不会这样做的目的。所以根据此意，可知泛泛的道歉是无用的。即答案C的意思。

34.答案B

解析：最后一段从年龄的角度谈到了道歉的复杂性。所以B“道歉时，年龄因素应该考虑在内”符合文意。

35.答案D

解析：文章从一开始便讲了应该怎样道歉和应该避免泛泛的道歉。最后又从年龄的角度讲到道歉的复杂性，这一切都表明道歉并不是我们所认为的那么简单。所以答案为D。

Passage 2

36.答案C

解析：细节题。第二段最后一句“large companies，especially, like a background of formal education coupled with work experience”指出了“很多大公司倾向于雇用既有正规的教育背景又有工作经脸的人才”因此选项C符合题意。

37.答案B

解析：逻辑推理题。第三段的主旨是讲专业学历，例如MBA degree等可以作为一块很好的段门砖(The MBA may open doors and command a higher salary initially...）。但是第四段又提到：Although companies tend to take on specialists as new hires, they often seek out generalists for middle and upper level management. 即：他们通常要找通才来进行中高层管理。而即使是MBA degree五年后也保证不了被提升（不被淘汰）。因此选项B符合题意。

38.答案A

解析：词汇语意题。第四段最后一句“They want someone who isn't constrained(限制)by nuts and bolts to look at the big picture,” says Scheetz . Scheetz所指的是“不为细节所束缚的人”，文中的"nuts and bolts”加地”指具体细节；而选项中A的“strategic mind”指的是“顾全大局”的人，正好符合句意。

39.答案A

解析：细节题。从第五段第五行(they have a less than-canned way of doing things)可知David Birch只雇用学文科的毕业生是因为他们不呆板，不教条，正好与前面的“?open-mindedness and adaptability, and the ability to analyze and solve problems．”相符合。选项A符合题意。40.答案D

解析：逻辑推理题。综观全文可以看出作者支持选项D的观点。A选项文中没有提到。B 选项是错误的。正规的教育和工作培训都很重要。无法推断选项C，文中没有谈到工作培训的开销问题。所以选择D。由于具备更广泛的知识，通才比专才更适合管理工作。

Passage 3

41.答案A

解析：事实细节题。见第一段的倒数第二句话After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a radically new survival strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and disease. 在使周围的动物濒临灭绝之后，人们被迫放弃旧有的生活方式，采取一种全新的生活策略，这导致了大范围的饥荒和疾病。42.答案D

解析：事实细节题。见第二段的第二句话Researchers have begun to piece together an illuminating picture of the powerful geological and astronomical forces that have combined to change the pl ante’s environmen t from hot to cold, wet to dry and back again over a time period stretching back hundreds of millions of years.研究人员拼凑起一辐具有启示意义的图画，揭示出正是地质和天文的巨大力量结合在一起，在过去的几百万年中使地球的环境由热到冷、由潮湿到干燥，周而复始地发生变化。

43.答案C

解析：主旨题。本文的主题是气候变化对人类生存的影响。在第二段的开头即提出了会议的内容，提到了“those changes have transformed human existence”；第三段的第一句话重申了这个主题，说“th e climatic changes have had a major impact on the evolution of the human species”，这句话倒过来即是本题题干加上选项C的意思。

44.答案C

解析：事实细节题。文章的最后一句话说“过去气候变化的模式说明，即使没有人类活动的影响，将来地球上的气候也几乎肯定会经历巨大的变化”，C是本句后面部分的同义再现。

45.答案D

解析：逻辑推断题。解题的线索在第三段的最后一句话：Indeed, the human history has not been merely touched by global climate change, some scientists argue, it has in some instances been driven by it.? 的确，人类的历史不仅仅受到全球气候变化一些影响。科学家们认为，在有些情况下，正是气候变化推动了人类历史的发展

Passage 4

46.答案B

解析：文章第一段讲到了学校现在所面临的主要问题是学生增多，接着后文论述了学生增多导致的教育经费的增长和解决教育经费的关键，根据此意，可知B为答案。

47.答案C

解析：根据第一段的This has been caused by the advance of the legal age for going into industry and the impossibility of finding a job even when the legal age has been reached，可知学生数量增多的原因是学生进入工作的合法年龄提高了，C表达的正是此意.

48.答案B

解析：根据第二段的分析可知“We have developed and shall continue to have a new leisure class 我们已经有了，并且将继续保有一个新的休闲阶层”是导致成人教育公立机构以后的日子不好过的原因。

49.答案A

解析：根据第三段的The answer to the problem of unemployment has been Federal relief. The answer to the problem of public education may have to be much the same, and properly so.可知解决公立教育问题的办法在于联邦政府应该拨款给公立教育，即A选项所表达的意思。

50.答案A

解析：题目：为什么作者说：“只有当一个民族决心毁掉下一代的时候，他才会拒绝拨给公立教育所需要的联邦经费”，也就是说只用利用联邦经费拨给公立教育的资金，孩子们才有好的未来，即A表达的意思。

Part Ⅲ英译中

1924年，墨西哥哲学家荷塞·伐斯冈萨雷斯在他的一本著作中，梦想着未来地球上所有不同种族都融合成一种类型人的可能性。在文化的意义上，即便不是在人种的意义上，这样一种类型的人正在洛杉矶诞生。由不同种族、不同文化、不同宗教和不同道德行为组成的巨大合成体正奔向一个共同的目标。世界充满着宗教的、种族的、民族的冲突，从这个角度来看，这种融洽的合作令人难以置信，的确令人瞩目。

使得在一个地区的相互竞争的文化和谐共存的共同目标是什么呢？

目标不仅仅是更高的生活水准。吸引移民前来美国的是美国文化的主要特性：有尝试的机会。文化与空间这两个重要方面结合了起来。文化使你得以想办法出人头地—去发现自我，找到自己的位置、自己的地位。还有空间，不仅仅是地理意义上的空间，更是指机会，指社会身份的流动性。在充满危机的社会中，在停滞不前的社会中—甚至在那些稳定的社会中—没有尝试的机会。

如果美国移民开始时遭遇失败，他总是想：“我要再试一下。”如果他在原来的社会中遭遇失败，他就会失去信心，变得悲观失望，接受自己所处的地位。在美国，他想的是：“我还会有机会，我还要试一下。”这使他坚持下去。他充满了希望。

Part Ⅳ中译英

Arnold Toynbee has said that all progress and all development come from a challenge and a consequent response. Without challenge there is no response, no development and no freedom. So first we ought to open up the most demanding and challenging curriculum for our children that is within their capabilities.

The second opportunity we can give our children is the right to failure .What kind of a test is it and what kind of freedom is it, when no one can fail. We live in a more and more narrowed world where we must be awake to realism; and realism demands a standard which either must be successful or abortive. They are hard words, but they are brutally true. If we deprive our children of the right to fail, we deprive them of their knowledge of the world as it is

Part ⅤWriting

How to live a meaningful life

As we all know, it is essential for us to live a meaningful life in the world. However, as to the meaning of life, different people hold different opinions. After all, the value of life varies with different people. Some people may regard money as his value of life. The more money he owns, the more meaningful his life is. Some take knowledge as his value of life. The more knowledge he acquires, the more meaningful his life is.

While, as far as I am concerned, the value of life consists in many aspects in addition to money and knowledge. For example, health is also a kind of life value. So people should practice more exercise and build a strong body to make our life meaningful. Besides,a simple life is a life value. By simplifying your life, you’ll have more time to do what fulfills you and gives your life meaning. It can also help reduce stress and make your overall life easier to manage.

As for me, in order to live a meaningful life, I shall acquire more knowledge to make me smart and do more exercise to make me healthy. What’s more, making friends is an indispensable part of life, so I will go out to meet more people and exchange ideas with them.

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