research proposal

Developing Research Proposals Handout

Prepared by Ted Zorn, University of Waikato

This is a handout I often give to students when I expect them to provide a research proposal for a course project. That is, it’s intended for fairly brief proposals, not a prospectus for a masters or doctoral thesis.

It gives students an example of the sort of thing I want, plus some commentary (in italics) about what I’m expecting in each section. I sometimes change the particular example given, in order to encourage them to think about particular kinds of projects. For instance, the example provided here was used in a Leadership Communication course. I’ve used the same format, but a different research project example, for a course on Organisational Communication Technology.

Feel free to adapt it to your purposes.

Research Proposal (Example)

(Note: This is single spaced to save paper; yours should be double-spaced)

To:Ted Zorn

From: Chris Student

Date: 1 April 2003

Subject: Research proposal

Proposed Research Topic: A situational analysis of shared leadership in a self-managing team [provide a brief description or a descriptive title or a research question]

Purposes: Alvesson (1996) claims that a situational approach enables leadership to be viewed and studied a s “a practical accomplishment” (p. 476) rather than starting with a conceptualisation of leadership as whatever the appointed leader does. This approach seems particularly well suited to self-managing teams (SMTs), in which leadership is presumably shared. In this project, I will explore how members of a self-managing team enact leadership in their regular team meetings. In particular, I will focus on how SMT members influence the direction of the team as well as the relationships and identities of individual members and the identity of the team as a unit, and how their interaction is enabled and constrained by social and cultural influences (eg, organisational culture, national/ethnic culture, and gender). Such a study should give insights into the workings of SMTs, an organisational form that is rapidly gaining in popularity and acceptance. Also, the study will test the usefulness of a perspective (the situational approach) that is underdeveloped in the leadership literature.

[Expand on the topic/question by describing what you hope to accomplish, and the desired outcomes (especially the practical or theoretical benefits to be gained)]

Background: I will conduct my study in a team that is within the Roadworks Division within the Hamilton City Council. Roadworks has 12 SMTs, each of which is responsible for maintenance of roads within one geographical section of Hamilton. This particular team includes four men and a woman. Three of the men are in their thirties and one in his early 50s; the woman is in her thirties. They are assigned to an area around Chartwell. They start each day with a brief (15-45 minute meeting) on an agreed upon site, often just gathering around the back of a truck for their meeting. I will attend these three mornings a week for four weeks, and will stay on to observe their work for approximately 20 hours during the four week period.My primary focus will be on their interaction in meetings, although I will also observe (and perhaps enquires about) interactions during their other work.

[Describe the context of the proposed research, making it clear how this context will allow you to accomplish your stated purposes]

Scope: I will engage in participant-observation over a six-week period, from 8 April to 22 May for approximately four hours per week. I will typically observe the morning meetings and stay for an hour or so to observe their other work. On some days I may come at other times of the day for comparison. I will not schedule structured interviews, but will interview team members informally, as needed to clarify and provide insight into specific conversations. [Describe such things as the time you will invest, when the field work will take place, the number of participants, and the number of interviews you will conduct]

Theoretical framework: I will be guided most generally by the interpretive perspective, and more specifically by Alvesson’s (1996) situational approach. The interpretive perspective places the focus on interpreting the meanings and perspectives of cultural members, and how these meanings are negotiated (Trujillo, 1992). I am exploring the meanings the sales staff and

customers have for themselves as individuals and for their relationships, as well as the meanings sales staff have for the organisation, group, and profession of which they are members. The situational approach directs me to choose one or a few specific interactions to explore in depth. Thus, an appropriate means of investigating the topic from this perspective is observation of conversation, plus interviewing the interactants to understand the meanings they have for their symbolic interactions. [Briefly identify and explain the theoretical framework you will use to guide your investigation, how it fits your purpose and its implications for the research methods] Method:

1. Conduct a literature review on leadership and communication in SMTs.

2. Observe the group four hours per week for six weeks, focusing mostly on conversations at team meetings, especially those conversations in which the group addresses changes to their work processes and issues of team relationships and identity(ies).

3. Interview team members to clarify and provide insight into conversations. I will attempt to conduct these interviews shortly after conversations of interest. While the interviews will not be formal or structured, the kinds of questions I will ask include the following. The general strategy for the interviews is to start off with broad questions and follow up on the interviewee’s responses, to capture her or his meanings and to avoid imposing my meanings on the interviewee.

a. Tell me about the conversation you just had with X.

b. What were you thinking during the conversation?

c. What do you think she/he was thinking?

d. What do you think she/he was trying to do (or accomplish) in the conversation?

e. What did you mean when you said, “......”?

f. What were you thinking when you said that?

g. What do you think she meant when she said “......”?

h. When you think about what you did and said in that conversation, how would you describe

yourself?

4. Undertake a situational analysis of the field notes and interview notes, guided by Alvesson’s

theory.

5. Write a research report that combines my understanding of the relevant theory and previous

research with the results of my empirical research.

[Describe in detail the steps you will take in attempting to answer your research question] Timetable:

Prepare proposal by 1 April

Complete literature review by 15 April

Complete fieldwork by 22 May

Complete analysis by 29 May

Give presentation on 3 June

Complete final report by 16 June

Limitations: Time constraints of the semester require less time than may be ideal for an ethnographic study. By being in the organisation for only four hours a week for five weeks, there are bound to be aspects of leadership practice, organisational culture and team communication that will not be revealed during my observations. Being an outsider may also limit what is revealed to me. The team members may be guarded in their conversations around me, especially in my initial observations. [Describe conditions beyond your control that place restrictions on what you can do and the conclusions you may be able to draw]

Delimitations: I am choosing not to observe multiple teams, even though such comparisons might be valuable, in order to allow more depth of understanding regarding the group on which I

will focus. Additionally, I will not use structured interviews in order to minimise my obtrusiveness and my influence on the team members. [Describe the boundaries of the study that you determine]

References

[List all references cited that are not on the course reading list]

英文Proposal 范文

To: College of Business Administration Dean’s Office From: Zihao Fu Subject: A Proposal for setting up a food truck beside the new business building Introduction As the construction began in September, the new business building is finally coming to us. Taking up 140,00 square feet of space the building will have one 250-person lecture hall, three tiered 80-person classrooms, thirteen 50-person classrooms, three 50-station computer labs and many other features. This is definitely exciting for students, as they will be enjoying the business education in a fresh environment with brand new facilities. Faculties should also be pleased with bigger and brighter offices. The new business building can also work as an attraction that appeals to potential future K-State students. Since this is still a very early stage of the construction, it is still feasible for us to add more practical features to the building to better dealing with potential problems. Meanwhile the proposal can also increase the overall attractiveness of College of Business. Problem Description In the blueprint of the new business building we could see that a coffee shop is included. However, having only one coffee shop may not be sufficient. At a round 11 o’clock to 1 o’clock is the “peak hours” f or lunch. Long-winded lines are very common in Union’ food court, Einstein Bros Bagels as well as Derby Dining Center. It is hard to imagine a coffee shop with limited capacity can serve the whole business school, which has the biggest amount of undergraduate students in the university, efficiently. Taking a close look at the campus map I could not help but notice that the new business building is located at the Southeast side of the campus and seems to be alienated from other major buildings. With only one dining facility near the building can result in students who are taking classes at noon in the building has very limited choice for lunch. In addition, they will have to walk a long way to other dining facilities around the campus. Some other students might decide not to have lunch due to the intense schedule and the tiring long way. However, the lacking of essential nutrition and energy intake can cause really negative impact on students’ brain function. The lacking of concentration and reduce students’ attention in class, which ultimately affects their academic performance. Hence, I am proposing a solution to the problem.

bec proposal范文

May 21,2013 Dear Mr.Michael James, Re:Application for Most Improved Organisation Award I am writing to apply for the Most Improved Award which I have seen advertised in "China Daily" of Monday 14th April 2013. We are LDs Car Ltd Company.Our headquarter is located in No.569,Yuelu Road,Yuelu District,Changsha,Hunan,China.And we have 40 branches,13 in China and the other 27 branches in US,UK,Australia and Canada respectively.We are specialize in producing user-friendly cars in the world.Although our company has 50 years long history,being considered as traditional car brand,we never stop the step by developing new technologies and updating our products in coincide with up-to-date technology.Innovation and Low-Carbon Concept are new corporate philosophy. Last year,our research and development department designed a new model car which is called "Solar Powered Auto".This new model car has a attractive appearance and comfortable interior layout.The most breaking point is that we use solar energy rather than traditional petrol to power car itself.Thus we have built a important landmark in the car field. Through our promotion we have tried in the Chinese market ,we can easily find that the district economy has considerably improved due to the fact that our new products had increased the domestic consumption.Also,the feedback of field surveys from our customers shows that most of them satisfied with the environment-friendly cars. If we can win this award,we will make full use of the prize money to benefit our staff.Basically,the cash gifts will be given to those highly hardworking employees.We will also offer sticky rewards ,such as an all-expense-paid trip for an employee and his or her spouse,physical health check-ups,memberships or discounts on membership fees at health clubs and fitness centers and so on. With this great improvement our business has made,I believe that our company is totally qualified for this award. In the meantime,if you require any further information about our company,please do not hesitate to call me.My phone number is 342566658.I look forward to hearing from you soon. Yours sincerely,

英语proposal范文

Introduction This proposal sets out to examine options for the successful globalization of our ‘Borders’ brand. The initial market under consideration is Continental Europe. For the purposes of this proposal, we will be considering three aspects of the brand, namely our logo, the ‘Borders’ concept and finally, the product itself, ‘Borders’ wellington boots. Findings The following points summarise our key findings. ?It was found that our existing logo, a pair of wellington boots encircled by the word ‘Borders’, is visual enough to be used in markets where English is not widely spoken. ?Attitudes to outerwear differ throughout Europe and our boots are likely to appeal to different market sectors in different countries. This has serious implications for the benefits we wish to publicise. Although Danish farmers would be willing to purchase such a high quality, product, farmers in some countries would be unlikely to choose a British brand over a domestic product. However, the very Britishness of the product would appeal to the style-conscious elements of the French and Italian markets, summoning up images of the English upper classes and country houses. ?Our current product is multi-purpose and as such would not need adapting to suit different sectors of the European market.

Project Proposal 项目建议书 英文 模板

Proposal for Junior Achievement Project Yanqin Fu Xiaoping Hu South Westfalia University of Applied Science

Table of Contents Executive Summary (1) Statement of Need (2) Project Description (4) Project Evaluation (7) Budget (8) Organization Profile (12) Timeline (13) Conclusion (14) Appendices (15)

Executive Summary With the fast growth of college graduate population, it is more and more difficult for students to find a job. Under this circumstance, setting up new businesses is becoming an effective way out. The government of China is laying great effort to encourage students to start up businesses. “Booming private capital is key to overall economic development”, says Prime Ministry Wen Jiabao. However, the lack of knowledge and experience is setting obstacles for the students. Therefore, we need urgently to strengthen students’ability in doing business. This proposal aims at introducing how the organization “Brilliant” plans to carry out the project of fostering entrepreneurship of college students in Hangzhou, and asking for a fund of 833,000 yuan to support the project.

聊一聊博士申请中关于proposal的那些事儿

有意向申请博士的同学，proposal是不可少的材料，但是很多同学貌似对proposal不只很了解，今天小编就为大家科普下关于Proposal到底是个什么鬼! 是什么? proposal就是博士研究课题和计划～这么讲，好像还是很抽象呢～仔细来说，博士是完全不同于授课型研究生的一种存在，没有课程设置，没有考试，没有论文题目。那读博要干什么呢?问的好，proposal就是解释申请人读博要做什么的。总而言之，就是读博课题和计划的解释汇总。 怎么写? 虽然听起来很抽象，然后不同的学校，要求也有所不同，但是proposal也有一个道内人，公认的大致结构。 1.研究课题(research question)其实就是题目了，就是几万字博士毕业论文的题目了。真是套了个小马甲，就立马高大上起来了呢。 2.文献综述(literature review)文献综述就是对前人研究的总结，申请人研究课题相关领域的重要理论和大咖们的idea。 3.研究方法(research method)研究方法有很多种，不同的选题，适合的研究方法也不一致，但常见的有问卷调查和访问。为了得出此课题的独家结论，研究方法少不了呢～只读前人的文章，可是得不出全新的原创的结论呢。

tips：对于不同学校不同要求，应该怎样应对呢?按最苛刻的要求来写，比如说有的学校要求5000字，还有的要求3000字，那么自然要按照5000字来写，完成之后，删减内容，即可申请不同学校啦。 相关要求? 1.研究课题：要求是独立原创，而且是前人没有研究过的视角。 2.文献综述：文献综述自然是能多广泛就多广泛，能多深入就多深入，而且critical thinking不能少啦。 3.研究方法：要两种以上研究方法，一种定量研究，一种定性。 tips：虽然proposal各方面要求都比master论文要求，但是有一点跟master论文是一样滴，都是reference越多越好啦。说起来都是费时间和脑子的技术活，各位想读博的同学们辛苦啦。 论proposal与套瓷的关系：妯娌不分家 咱们现在说说怎么在写proposal之时，怎样和导师沟通，套瓷于无形。此战略分为撒网群捞，重点培养，移花接木三个阶段。 1.撒网群捞当然是和心仪的导师们，注意是们，发邮件，说明自己的来意，简单介绍下选题。此阶段适合群发，因为申请人的选题未必在导师的研究领域，就算是在，有的导师可能研究任务重，或者学生较多，无力接受新的学生。 2.重点培养经过一轮的邮件轰炸，相信同学们已经有了几个固定联系的老师。此时，一定要保持定点定时邮件联系，无病呻吟找一些看似有深度，不易自己解决的问题，询问老师。这样即完善了自己的想法，丰富了proposal，又给导师留下了深刻的印象呢。 3.移花接木此阶段，同学们已经有了相对比较完整的关于proposal的设想。一旦完成之后proposal之后，同学们可以把能申请的和不能申请的学校都神了，不用仅局限于事先联系好的老师和学校，等待那个最perfect的offer。但是，此举不推荐给所有的同学。 因为不厚道(汗)。正经的，之前联系好了的老师，已经相互了解，有比较好的磨合了。小编私以为导师适合最重要，当然也要看具体权衡了。

英语的建议书范文

英语的建议书范文 不知道英语的建议书怎么写？别着急，下面整理了英语的建议书，欢迎大家阅读学习！ Dearclassmates: Noweverybodyadvocatesprotectingtheearth,protectourhomes,sol etusalsostarttoact,withourwisdom,useourhandstoprotecttheear thtogether,savenaturalresources.ThefollowingismySuggestions . Thefirstpoint:theuseofpaper 1,willnotrunoutofpaperinoldexercisebooksbound,dothedraft 2,savepaper,writeadraftpaperfull,notjustwriteafewwordsjustt hrowitaway.

3,trytosavepaper,toiletpaperandpapernapkin,useahandkerchief insteadofjustreplacewithahandkerchief. 4,inthewastepaperpracticewritingbrushcalligraphyandpainting traditionalChinesepainting. Thesecondpoint:theuseofwatersaving 1,canbeusedbutrelativelycleanwaterflushthetoilet,cleanthefl oororwatertheflowers. 2,waterintermittentcanturnoffthefaucet,avoidunnecessarywast e. 3,asmallamountofclothestowash,avoidwashingmachineswashwithp lentyofwater.

Proposal英文版

A Proposal to Study the Feasibility of Applying the Mobile Dining Service Platform Submitted to Mingjie Wang Instructor of Business English Reading & Writing Courses ZISU Prepared by Yingchun Du Department of Business English Class 1 ZISU October 19th, 2014

Internal Communication DATE: February 9, 2014 TO: Dr. Mingjie Wang FROM: Yingchun Du SUBJECT: Feasibility Study – Mobile Dining Service Platform Authorization and Background At our class on October 15th, our group discussed our research topic and decided to study the feasibility of the mobile dining service based on the widely-use of it. We have also made a simple list about our research and I submit this proposal to get the teacher's approval.

商务写作例文 proposal

Writing Your company exports to a number of countries around the world and is looking for a new agent for international freight. The Export Sales Manager has asked you to write a proposal saying which agent you recommend. Read the two advertisements below, on which you have already made some notes. Then, using all your handwritten notes, write your proposal for the Export Sales Manager. Write 120-140 words on a separate sheet. Globelink 25 years ’ experience in sea freight - worldwide destinations - Air freight also available -All documentation provided Competitive rates – quotes available on request Tel: 0208 344 879 FTD Shipping Agents Freight agents to many major ports -Refrigerated shipping -containers available -No quantity too small Contact Martin Taylor on 0207 234 5678 for further information and details of charges May need for urgent orders They complete all custom forms – FTD don ’t Mainly in Europe A bit higher than Globelink Could be useful for small orders

申请文书Research proposal怎么写

申请文书Researchproposal怎么写 首先，先讨论最常见的SOP。无论申请什么学校，一定都会要求SOP。这份文件通常分以下几个部份：大学时期修过课程，大学时期研究，硕班时期修过课程，硕班时期研究，课外活动，打工或经验，毕业后的研究经验，未来研究计划。Statementofpurpose里的研究计划大概只有一段左右。整篇statement大约为1000字上下最为常见。Researchproposal一般来说是申请博士才会需要，但是有一些硕士班申请也会要求。通常researchproposal会比statementofpurpose长。依学校要求可能少则1000字，多则高达十几二十页。至于researchproposal要写得多详细有两种方式：一个是挑一个研究的方向，写得很详细，展现出现你有能力做深度的研究；另一个是挑两三个研究的主题，每一个都讨论一页左右，让学校觉得你是一个很有弹性，愿意多方学习的人。最重要的是，一定要去学校的网站看有哪些研究者，哪些教授，这些教授最近的学生在做什么主题，他们自己又是做什么主题。你写的研究方向如果是教授几年前在做的主题，可能他现在已经没有在做了，或是做腻了，教授可能就不会特别想收你。教授最近在做什么研究，学校的网站会给你最初步的了解，但是最重要的是看教授最近发表的paper或是书，或是他的学生发表的paper或是书是在做什么主题。Researchproposal通常还会包含一个literaturereview，也就是把目前为止学者们做的研究做到哪里了，写出来。那接下来你得说明，你赞成哪些**，不赞成哪些**，以及最重要的是，你未来的研究，跟前人的研究有什么不同，你的学术贡献在哪里如果是你比较toppriority想申请的学校，建议博士班申请可以将自己的研究想法，过去做过的研究成果，以及未来想走的方向写一封大约500字的email给你中意的教授。甚至如果有时间的话，可以去参加conference，遇到教授时就直接上前跟他攀谈。如果没有conference可参加，那就直接寄信问教授是否有意愿跟你会面。寄简短的researchproposal给教授，要注意的是，不要只写：我对你的研究很有兴趣…我毕业于XX大学…我觉得你

Research proposal example

Developing Research Proposals Handout Prepared by Ted Zorn, University of Waikato This is a handout I often give to students when I expect them to provide a research proposal for a course project. That is, it’s intended for fairly brief proposals, not a prospectus for a masters or doctoral thesis. It gives students an example of the sort of thing I want, plus some commentary (in italics) about what I’m expecting in each section. I sometimes change the particular example given, in order to encourage them to think about particular kinds of projects. For instance, the example provided here was used in a Leadership Communication course. I’ve used the same format, but a different research project example, for a course on Organisational Communication Technology. Feel free to adapt it to your purposes.

怎么写篇漂亮的research_proposal

文章作者Paul T. P. Wong, Ph.D., C.Psych. (Research Director, Graduate Program in Counselling Psychology. Trinity Western University Langley, BC, Canada). 题为：How to Write a Research Proposal.全文转载如下： Most students and beginning researchers do not fully understand what a research proposal means, nor do they understand its importance. To put it bluntly, one’s research is only as a good as one’s proposal. An ill-conceived proposal dooms the project even if it somehow gets through the Thesis Supervisory Committee. A high quality proposal, on the other hand, not only promises success for the project, but also impresses your Thesis Committee about your potential as a researcher. A research proposal is intended to convince others that you have a worthwhile research project and that you have the competence and the work-plan to complete it. Generally, a research proposal should contain all the key elements involved in the research process and include sufficient information for the readers to evaluate the proposed study. Regardless of your research area and the methodology you choose, all research proposals must address the following questions: What you plan to accomplish, why you want to do it and how you are going to do it. The proposal should have sufficient information to convince your readers that you have an important research idea, that you have a good grasp of the relevant literature and the major issues, and that your methodology is sound. The quality of your research proposal depends not only on the quality of your proposed project, but also on the quality of your proposal writing. A good research project may run the risk of rejection simply because the proposal is poorly written. Therefore, it pays if your writing is coherent, clear and compelling. This paper focuses on proposal writing rather than on the development of research ideas. Title:

Business_Proposal常用句型 及范文

Tips on Writing (注意事项) √建议书要以事实为根据撰写 √提出的建议要具体，操作性要强。 √对采纳建议能带来的好处既要写的乐观，也要防止吹嘘。 √非自发性建议书中的项目投标书，作为一种营运文件，用于一项任务开发之前，往往需要附有预算表。 Useful W ords and Phrases（单词和短语） A.W ords (单词) annually adv. 每年 benefit n. 益处 bidder n. 投标方 concrete adj. 具体的 convincing adj. 令人信服的 diagram n. 图表 disqualify v. 取消资格 economize v. 节省 elaborate v. 阐述 escalation n. 提价 evaluate v. 评估 exhibit n. 正表 favorable adj. 有利的；积极的 formula n. 公式 hypothesis n. 假设 impartial adj. 公正的 inquiry n. 询价 logical adj. 逻辑的

negative adj. 负面的 objective adj. 可观的 offer v. 发价 optimize v. 优化 qualification n. 资格 quotation n. 报价recommendation n. 推荐；建议regulation n. 规章制度 statistics n. 统计（数据）teleconference n. 电话会议 tenderee n. 招标方 zoning n. 区域划分 B.Phrases （常用短语）acceptance criteria 接受标准 bid opening 开标 budget forecasting 预算 constructive proposal 建设性意见cooperative project 合作项目 costing presentation 成本核算executive summary 建议大纲；执行总结form of tender 投标书 general contactor 总承包商 in view of 鉴于 invitation to tender 招标 license fees 执照费用 letter of guarantee 银行保证书 local labor cost 本地劳务费用 long-range planning 长期规划operating expenses 运营费用 primary source 原始资料 profit margin 利润率 return on investment 投资收益率

会议,proposal模板

竭诚为您提供优质文档/双击可除 会议,proposal模板 篇一：business_proposal常用句型及范文 tipsonwriting(注意事项) √建议书要以事实为根据撰写 √提出的建议要具体，操作性要强。 √对采纳建议能带来的好处既要写的乐观，也要防止吹嘘。 √非自发性建议书中的项目投标书，作为一种营运文件，用于一项任务开发之前，往往需 要附有预算表。 usefulwordsandphrases（单词和短语） a.words(单词) annually benefit bidder concrete convincing diagram

disqualify economize elaborate escalation evaluate exhibit favorable formula hypothesis impartial inquiry logicaladv.每年n.益处n.投标方adj.具体的adj.令人信服的n.图表v.取消资格v.节省v.阐述n.提价v.评估n.正表adj.有利的；积极的n.公式n.假设adj.公正的n.询价adj. 逻辑的 negative objective offer optimize qualification quotation

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proposal范例

Abstract2 Introduction2 Background and rationale:2 Research questions and objectives:3 Preliminary literature review4 1.Understanding customers shopping motivations4 2. The different consumption ways5 3.Good relationship with consumer7 4. Personal values and attitudes9 Methodology11 Target ,Sample and Questionnaire11 Case study12 Evaluation and Qualitative Research13 Research Procedures13 Reference14

Consumption habits change the influence of retail (Research Proposal) Abstract Consumption habits of consumers is one of the key issues which would be taken intoretailers’ considerationfor their strategies and selling plans. In recent years, lots of new consumption patterns have appeared and come into vogue.The researchers carried out a study using the grounded theory approach through participant-observation and questionnaire research. The researchers chose the retail industry for the study because it provided the ideal conditions to answer the research question. This study aims to finding the way to make clear and assess the affectthat comsumption habits changes brought to retail and improve the attractiveness of traditional consumption pattern.The choice of methodology has provided the insight necessary to answer the research question.With improvement and consummation of its outcomes, the research could provide a useful framework of reference for further research ofconsumption patterns and retail crisis. Key words:consumption habits, cunsumption pattern, retail, influence Introduction