书面表达书面表达书面表达

书面表达

中考书面表达解题技巧

1. 写作前

（1）仔细审题。

在写作之前首先要弄清题目的要求，认真考虑要写的题目、题材、格式和情景。英语作文，内容广泛，题材多样，要弄清写作的要求是写人、叙事、介绍、通知、评论、图表、书信、日记、便条还是看图作文或改写缩写。如果是日记，要写明（年、）月、日和天气情况，如果是书信，则要注意书信的格式，注意短文词数不要低于或超过规定的词数太多。

（2）准备写作。

我们在进行写作时，要根据短文的中心思想考虑如何开头、展开和结尾，设想几个承上启下的连词。将主要句型、关键词语草草记下，形成提纲，这是组织语言，形成短文的基础。中考书面表达的评分依据之一就是内容要点。写时切忌结构分散，废话连篇，严重跑题。因此，在认真审题、弄清题意的基础上，应逐个地完美无缺地把内容要点列出来，然后翻译成英文短语或句子，以便下一步组织语言，形成短文。但要注意：要点不要遗漏，非要点不必添加；将要点翻译成英语时，要尽量用你最熟悉的常用词汇和基本句型。

2. 写作中

(1) 要书写工整、规范，保持卷面整洁。

(2) 要用最熟悉的、最有把握的词汇和基本句型，语言表达要流畅，符合英美人士的表达习惯，避免汉式英语。几种句型可交替使用，以避免重复和呆板。

五种基本句型结构：

A. S + V （主语+ 不及物动词）

B. S + V + P （主语+ 连系动词+ 表语）

C. S + V + O （主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语）

D. S + V + IO + DO（主语+ 及物动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语）

E. S + V + O + C （主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语）

(3) 注意英汉语法方面的差异、词的形式变化（注意人称代词的主格宾格和物主代词的用法、注意可数名词的单复数）；还要注意时态、语态的正确运用。如果在写作中遇到不会的单词、词组和句子，可以找同义词和同义句型来

代替。

中考作文给分是以要点和语言准确度而定，不以文采来打分。造句越简单准确越好。造复合句容易出错，容易被扣分，阅卷场上有句话：“错误面前人人平等，文采好不多给分。”如遇到个别要点表达不出来或难以表达，可采用变通的办法，化难为易，化繁为简。总之，所造句子要正确、得体，符合英语的表达习惯。

1）迂回而行

当汉语词义不会用英语表达时，可以想一个与这个汉语词义相似的几种词义。扩展思路，然后从英语中找出一个与其对得上号的来代替。这样可有异曲同工之妙。

2）小词大用

汉语中有些语意看来很复杂很文雅，但在英语中常可用一些常用词来表

达。下面这些词可能在你的书面表达中有用：take, have, get, make, come, go, do, see, show, happy, nice, kind, help 等。

3）借花献佛

有时书面表达中需要的单词或词组或许在试卷中的其他地方出现。因为你刚刚做过题，记忆犹新。那么就可信手拈来，为我所用。

4）如果你还有时间和精力，想把书面表达写得更好，那么，请注意以下几点：

①句型多样化，不要I (We) ……到底，使人觉得乏味；

②适当使用一些并列句或主从复合句；

③进一步描绘人或事物时，适当使用定语从句；

(4) 用连词成句的方法将要点中的英文词语扩展成句子，然后再用连词成文的方法来组织语言，形成短文。常用的连接词语有so, but, when, and, first, then, not only…but also, for example, by the way, from now on, at first, at last, in a word等。3. 写作后

通读全文，检查复核。这是做好书面表达的一个不可缺少的步骤。在写好短文后，从题目要求上要对全文进行检查和修改。要注意词数是否符合；体裁格式是否正确；内容要点是否全面；语言表达上是否有错误，大到主谓一致、时态呼应、习惯用法，小至单词拼写、大小写及标点符号，都不可以放过。

【实例指导】

你的美国笔友Julia给你发来email说，她要写一篇关于一个中国假日的文章。假如你是魏华，请根据Julia需要的信息，给她回一封信。

信息要点：

1. When is the holiday celebrated?

2. Why do people celebrate it?

3. How do people celebrate it?

要求：

1. 意思连贯、语言通顺、语法正确、主题明确。

2. 100词左右。

参考词汇：the Chinese lunar calendar农历

审题构思：

首先，要注意email的格式。

第二，确定节假日的名称。介绍什么时候庆祝这个节日。比如，中国春节没有确定的一个日期，而是按照中国的农历（the Chinese lunar calendar）计算的。

第三，介绍人们怎样庆祝这个节日，写出庆祝节日的活动。比如，春节的重大活动就是一家人聚在一起吃年饭（have a big meal），走亲访友（visit relatives and friends），孩子会拿到大人的压岁钱（lucky money）等。写活动的时候，按照活动发生的先后顺序写。除夕之夜（the New Year’s Eve ）团聚吃年饭，然后正月初一开始走亲访友等。

最后，要讲述举行这些活动的意义。春节的意义就是：迎新春（welcome the New Year）、向亲戚朋友表达祝愿（show love for）等。

Dear Julia,

Thank you for your letter. Now let me tell you something about the Spring Festival in

China. The Spring Festival is the biggest festival in China. It begins on the day before the New Year in the Chinese lunar calendar and lasts for 15 days. The most important time is New Year’s Eve. Families get together on the New Year’s Eve and have a big meal. During the festival, we visit relatives and friends and have fun

together. People celebrate the festival to welcome the New Year ant to show love for their family and friends. I always enjoy spending time with my family.

I hope that this will help you write about the Spring Festival of China.

Wei Hua

练习：（一）

阅读理解电视广告词“If we didn’t save water, the last drop of water would be our tear-drop.”根据提示，写一篇60词左右的短文。

提示：1. 生活离不开水。

2. 水污染严重。

3. 应该保护水源、节约用水。

（二）请以Believe yourself, and you will win为题，写一篇自己在学习或生活中遇到并战胜困难的短文。要求切合题意，内容完整，表达清楚，书写规范。词数：100词左右

提示：1. 你遇到了什么困难？

2. 你是如何克服困难的？

（一）Water is very important to us. We can’t live without water. There is less and less water on the earth, but some of us don’t take care of that. They waste a lot of water and pour waste water and litter waste thing into the rivers and lakes. The rivers and lakes are seriously polluted. We must do something to stop them, protect water well and save water. If we don’t save water, the last drop of water wo uld be our tear-drop.

（二）Believe yourself, and you will win

One night in August when I was doing my physics exercises, I met a difficult problem. Forty minutes passed I still couldn’t work it out. The answer was on the last pages of the exercise book, how I wanted to see the answer! But my teacher told us to do my homework by ourselves. My sister was in a high school then. She’d like to help me. But I refused. I thought over the lesson I had in the day carefully, from one example my teacher gave us I worked the problem out. How happy I was. Now friends, remember, “Believe yourself, and you will win.”

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