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动词不定式教案(原创)

动词不定式教案(原创)
动词不定式教案(原创)

首先,介绍课堂大致结构,分为六个部分:一、定义

二、动词不定式的主要构成

三、动词不定式的用法

四、动词不定式的否定形式

五、动词不定式的其它用法

其次,细讲每个部分;

最后,总结回顾,强调本节课重难点。

重难点:1. 对动词不定式作主语时,常用it 作形式主语时的转化;

2. 动词不定式作定语时,对于哪些动词要加相应的介词,以及区分及物动词&不及物动词的方法;

3. 掌握动词不定式的常见用法,尤其其中一些特殊的不带to 的不定式用法。

一、动词不定式的定义:

动词不定式是一种非谓语动词。

注:非谓语动词,即不能作谓语,且没有人称和数的变化的动词。

二、主要构成:to + 动词原形(被动形式:to be +过去分词)

注:to 只是不定式符号,没有实际意义,当然它也存在不带to 的情况。

三、动词不定式的用法:

注:动词不定式有动词的性质,可接宾语和状语构成不定式短语,作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。

1.作主语:

E.g. To answer your questions is difficult. (不定式作主语的时候,谓语动词用单数。)

(但显然,句子从形式上来看,显得头重脚轻,所以通常我们会把它写成以it 作形式主语的形式,见下例:)

***It is difficult to answer your questions. (回答你的问题很难。)

Note: 形式主语:"it"

真正主语:"to answer your questions"

2.作表语:

E.g. a. The most important thing is to save the boy first. (最重要的事情是先救那个男孩。)

“Is+ 不定式”为系表结构,故不定式在这里作表语。

b. My wish is to be a doctor.

3.作宾语:

动词不定式作及物动词的宾语,常见的及物动词有:

begin/ start, want, hope, forger/ remember, love/ like, need, try, learn, wish, agree, choose, plan, decide, refuse等

E.g. a. I want to ask you a question.

Note: "to ask you a question"为"want"的宾语。

b. I plan to go shopping this weekend.

4.作定语:

比较句子a&b:

E.g. a. He gave me an interesting book to read.

b. He wants to find a chair to sit on.

***相同点:动词不定式都放在句末

不同点:b句中的动词不定式的动词后多了一个介词"on"

在以上两个句子中,我们可以看出:动词不定式(短语)作定语总是后置。而且对于动词不定式,如果动词为不及物动词,则动词后面要加相应的介词。

那么如何判断不定式作定语时,其中的动词为及物动词,还是不及物动词呢?

以句子a、b为例,可以将句子反过来写。句子a 中,“read”和“book”的关系也可以写为:read an interesting book;而句子b 中,“sit”和“chair”的关系不能写为:“sit a chair”,而只能写成“sit on a chair”,由此,我们可以判断出“read”为及物动词,而“sit”为不及物动词,当它与to 一起作为不定式在句子中作定语时,其后必须要加介词“on”。

5.作状语:

注:动词不定式(短语)在句子中可作“目的、结果、原因”状语。

E.g. a. He ran so fast to catch the first bus. (作目的状语)

(为了赶上第一辆班车,他跑得如此之快。)

b. He was too excited to say a word. (作结果状语)

(他太激动了,以至于说不出话来了。)

c. She cried to hear the bad news. (作原因状语)

(她因听到那个坏消息而哭了。)

6.作补语:不定式作状语不带to 的情况:

***记住口诀:五看二听三使役一感觉半帮助

五看:see, watch, look at, notice, observe

二听:listen to, hear

三使役:let, have, make

一感觉:feel

半帮助:help (可以带to,也可以不带to)

E.g. I often help my mother(to)do housework at home.

Let me hear you play the piano.

They made the workers work day and night.

若将第三个句子变为被动语态,则可写为:The workers were made to work day and night.

所以,在被动语态中,即使是像上面这些词,其前面的to 也不能省略。

但let 例外,e.g. We have let him go.

变为被动语态为:He has been let go. / He has been let to go.

四、动词不定式的否定形式:

在不定式符号to 前加not

e.g. I decided not to ask him again.

(我决定不再问他了。)

Be careful not to catch a cold.

(小心别感冒。)

五、动词不定式的其他一些用法:

a. 疑问词+动词不定式

(注:动词不定式短语可以和疑问词what, where, how, when等连用,构成结构:“疑问词+to

do”结构。

e.g. I don’t know what to do.

I don’t know when to do it.

I don’t know where to go.

b. 不定式修饰something, anything, nothing

句型:something/anything/ nothing + (adj.)+不定式

e.g. Do you have anything to read?(你有什么可以读的东西吗?)

Do you have anything interesting to read?(你有什么有趣的读物吗?)区别:I want something to read.(我想要点儿可读的东西。)

I want to read something.(我想读点儿东西。)

(语序不同,译文意思也不同。)

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高中英语语法教案-动词不定式

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2)有些动词除了可以用不定式作宾语,还用不定式作补语,即有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。例如: ask choose expect help beg intend like/love need prefer prepare want wish 例如: I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。 I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你使每件东西都保持整洁。 I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。 I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。 3)有些动词或动词词组可以用动词+疑问词+不定式的结构作宾语。例如:decide know consider forget learn remember show, wonder find out tell inquire explain 例如: Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。 There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can\'t make up my mind which to buy. 有这么多的录音机,我都拿不定主意买哪一种。 2 不定式作补语 1)有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。例如: advise allow cause challenge command compel

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肯定式:to + 动词原形 否定式:not to + 动词原形 【用法讲解】 1.动词不定式的特征 动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式,它没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分(主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语);动 词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,同时还保持动词的某些特点,既可以有自己的宾语和状语,动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。 2. 动词不定式在句子中的作用 动词不定式是由to+动词原形构成,在句中起名词,形容词和副词的作用,可以担任除 谓语以外的其它任何成分。 (1)动词不定式作主语。例如: To master a language is not an easy thing. 掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。 To teach English is my favorite. 教英语是我的爱好。 It's my pleasure to help you. 很乐意帮助你。 (2)动词不定式作宾语。 某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语,这些动词有decide, begin, help, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask等。例如: I like to help others if I can. 如果有可能的话,我喜欢帮助别人。 I want to buy a new car when I have enough money. 我有钱时想买一辆新车。 (3)动词不定式作宾语补足语。例如: We expect you to be with us. 我们希望你和我们在一起。 Please ask him to come here quickly. 请叫他快过来。 (4)动词不定式作表语。例如: What I should do is to finish the task soon.

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He offered to help me. 他表示愿意帮助我。 2)有些动词除了可以用不定式作宾语,还用不定式作补语,即有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。例如: ask choose expect help beg intend like/love need prefer prepare want wish 例如: I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。 I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你使每件东西都保持整洁。 I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。 I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。 3)有些动词或动词词组可以用动词+疑问词+不定式的结构作宾语。例如: decide know consider forget learn remember show, wonder find out tell inquire explain 例如: Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。 There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy. 有这么多的录音机,我都拿不定主意买哪一种。 2 不定式作补语 1)有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。例如:

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