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宾语从句总结--打印

宾语从句总结--打印
宾语从句总结--打印

宾语从句

一、宾语从句概说主要应该注意以下三个关键:1.连接词:根据从句类型而定。2.语序:用陈述句语序。3.时态:根据主句中谓语动词的时态而定。(自然、科学规律及真理可以除外)

二、宾语从句的连接词:

1.that引导陈述意义的宾语从句,无实际意思,在从句中也不充当任何成分。在口语和非正式文体中that常被省略。2.whether与if引导选择意义的宾语从句,意思为"是否"。whether, if 在从句中不做句子的成分,一般情况下,whether 和if 可以替换。

注意:在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导例:Everything depends on whether we have enough money.

宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导。例:I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not.

和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导。例:Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.

3.what, who, whom, which这是一组连接代词,引导疑问意义的宾语从句。

whom引导宾语从句时一般可由who替换,但如果宾语从句的介词提前,则只能用whom,不能用who。

I wonder with whom she is angry.我不知道她在跟谁生气。

4.when, where, why, how这是一组连接副词,引导疑问意义的宾语从句。

5.某些形容词如afraid, sure, glad, happy等后也可以带宾语从句(也有人认为是状语从句)。

I'm afraid (that) we can't get there on time.恐怕我们不能准时到达那里了。

He's not sure whether he can find her.他不能肯定他是否能够找到她。

三、宾语从句的时态:宾语从句的时态原则上应与主句的时态保持一致。

1如果主句是现在时态(包括一般现在时,现在进行时和现在完成时),宾语从句可以是实际需要的任何时态。Please tell me when we'll have the meeting.请告诉我什么时候开会。(一般将来时)

I don't know who they are talking about.我不知道他们正在谈论谁。(现在进行时)

2.如果主句是过去的时态(包括一般过去时,过去进行时),宾语从句必须选用过去的某一时态(即一般过去时,过去将来时,过去进行时或过去完成时等)

He said he would kill her.他说他会杀了她。(过去将来时)

She told us Lucy had returned home.她告诉我们露茜已经回家去了。(过去完成时)

Mary was wondering who could answer the question.玛丽想知道谁能回答这一问题。(一般过去时)

I didn't tell them where you were having the meeting.我没有告诉他们你们正在哪儿开会。(过去进行时)3.如果宾语从句表示的是科学真理、客观事实或格言警句等,则不管这句是何种时态,从句一律用一般现在时。Granny told me that the earth moves around the sun.奶奶告诉我地球围绕太阳转。

She said a friend in need is a friend indeed.她说患难朋友才是真正的朋友。

四、宾语从句的语序:宾语从句的语序一律使用陈述语序。

1.当宾语从句原为陈述句时,用that引导,语序不变。(注意时态的一致)

Tom isn't a good student. (The teacher told us)

The teacher told us Tom wasn't a good student.老师告诉我们汤姆不是一个好学生。

He has given up smoking. (She said)

She said he had given up smoking.她说他已经戒烟了。

2.当宾语从句原为一般疑问句时,用whether或if连接,语序变为陈述语序。

Is Jim a doctor? (I wonder)

I wonder whether Jim is a doctor.我想知道吉姆是否是个医生。

Does she dance well? (Can you tell me)

Can you tell me if she dances well? 你能告诉我她舞跳的是否好吗?

3.当宾语从句原为特殊疑问句时,特殊疑问词即为连接词,语序变为陈述语序。

Where are you going? (She asked me)

She asked me where you were going.她问我你去哪里。

What does he want to do. (She wondered)

She wondered what he wanted to do.她不知道他想干什么。

五、直接引语与间接引语

在学习宾语从句的过程中,有一个重要的知识就是:如何将直接引语变为间接引语。在直接引语变间接引语时,同学们要注意以下事项:

1.人称代词和物主代词要做相应的调整。

He said, "I'm glad to meet you."

--- He said that he was glad to meet me.

但如果说话者转述自己的话,则不用变人称。

I said to them, "I'll leave a massage on his desk."

--- I said to them that I'll leave a message on his desk.

2.在一些情况下,如果人称代词所指代的名词容易发生混淆,则最好将人称代词改为它所指代的名词。

My father thought, "Maybe he is right."

--- My father thought that maybe the man was right.

3.当直接引语中出现when, while, since等词引导的表示过去的时间状语时,在变间接引语时,只改变主句的时态,不改变该从句的时态。

Our teacher told us, "Jim has made great progress in Chinese since he came to China."

--- Our teacher told us that Jim had made great progress in Chinese since he came to China.

4.直接引语变间接引语时,如果报告动词用say,则不必加间接宾语。如果要加的话,say后就一定要加介词to.

The old man said, "It's going to rain."

--- The old man said that it was going to rain.

--- The old man said to us that it was going to rain.

5.直接引语的报告动词是say to sb时,在变间接引语时,常改成tell sb.

The policeman said to the woman, " You should turn right at the first crossing."

--- The policeman told the woman that she should turn right at the first crossing.

6.如果报告动词在句末,在变为直接引语时,应该把它移到句首。

"Is it the right address?" he wondered.

--- He wondered whether it was the right address.

7.在疑问句变为直接引语时,应该注意原来的直接引语中的问号要变成句号,疑问语序要变成陈述语序,直接引语中的助动词do等要去掉,动词做相应的变化。

The girl asked me, " How did you finish the work so well?"

--- The girl asked me that how I finished the work so well.

8.如果直接引语是祈使句,我们经常不提出说话的对象;但是在变间接引语时,说话的对象必须出现。

The angry man said, " Shut up!"

---- The angry man ordered us to shut up.

9.如果是以Let's开头的祈使句来变间接引语,我们通常用"Suggest +动名词(或从句)"结构。

The twins said happily, " Let's go scuba diving this afternoon."

--- The twins suggested happily that they can go scuba diving that afternoon.

10.如果直接引语是两个或两个以上不同类型的句子,可分别将各部分转换为间接引语,并用and连接。The manager said, " You did a very nice job. What are you thinking about now?"--- The manager said to the young man that he did a very nice job and asked him what he was thinking about at that time.

11.如果直接引语是反意疑问句或是选择疑问句,变间接引语时与一般疑问句一样,在从句前加连词if或whether。He asked me, "There is lots of rice in the bag, isn't there?"

---- He asked me whether/ if there was lots of rice in the bag.

六、宾语从句中的否定前移

当主句的主语为第一人称,而谓语动词又是think, believe, feel等时,宾语从句的否定词往往前移至主句,即"否定的前移"。该句型变为反意疑问句时尤其应注意使附加问句与从句相对应。

He isn’t a thief. (I think)

I don’t think he is a thief.我认为他不是小偷。

I don’t think he is a thief, is he?我认为他不是小偷,(他)是吗?

Jack doesn’t study hard. (I believe)

I don’t believe Jack studies hard. 我相信杰克学习不努力。

I don’t believe Jack studies hard, does he? 我相信杰克学习不努力,是吗?

宾语从句练习题

一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。

1.These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.

He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong.

2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.

My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound.

3.There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know.

Jack didn’t know _____ th ere _____ ____ a meeting in five days.

二、选择填空。

( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said ____________________.

A. if you are free the next week

B. what colour was it

C. the weather is fine

D. summer comes after spring

( ) 2. Tom asked my friend ________________.

A. where was he from

B. that the earth is bigger than the moon

C. when did he come back

D. not to be so angry

( ) 3. Let me tell you __________________.

A. how much is the car

B. how much does the car cost

C. how much did I pay for the car

D. how much I spent on the car

( )4. She told me the sun ______ in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen

( )5. ─Where do you think ______ he _____ the TV set? ─ Sorry, I've no idea.

A./, bought

B. has, bought

C. did, buy

D. did bought

( ) 6 Mary said that she ___ to Guangzhou.

A. has never gone

B. had never gone

C. has never been

D. had never been

( )7 The students want to know whether they___ a PE class today. A. had B. has C. will have D. are ( )8. Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that

( )9.I don't know ___ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where

( )10. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening?A. what B when C why D how

( )11. I don’t know ___________or not.

A. whether he is at home

B. if he is at home

C. that he is at home

D. whether is he at home

( )12. As a new graduate, he doesn’t know_____it takes to start a business here.

A. how

B. what

C. When

D. which

( )13.I t’s 7:30. I can’t believe you__ cooking dinner yet, Sam. A. haven’t started B. didn’t C. don’t start D. hadn’t started ( )14. I want to be liked and loved for ______I am inside. A. who B. where C. what D. how

( )15.I don’t know ________ Mr. Green will come to see us. He’ll help us with our English.

A. why

B. when

C. how

D. where

( )16.I don’t think he is right,__________?A.isn’t he B.is he C.do I D.don’t I

( )17. He believes she is right, __________? A.doesn’t he B.does he C.is she D.isn’t she

( )18. I find _____ important that we practice English every day. A. it B. this C. that D. what

( )19.The teacher said that the earth _______round the sun. A. goes B. go C. went D. will go

三、句型转换。

1. “Do you want to try it?” Tom's mother asked him.(同义句)→Tom's mother asked him ______ _______ ______ to try it.

2. I think this is a good idea.(改为否定句)→ I _______ ________ this ________ a good idea.

3. Lucy hasn't decided which trousers to buy.(改为复合句)→ Lucy hasn't decided _____ ______ ____ ____ buy.

4. I don't know how I can get to the hospital.(改为简单句)→I don't know _______ ______ ______ to the hospital.

5. I don’t suppose they will come, _______ ______ ? (改为反意疑问句)

四、短文改错

1. but it didn't matter that I would win or not.

2. I don’t know that will be our headteacher next semester.

3. Here is my idea about how a friend is like.

4. Could you tell me how can I get to the station?

5. We don't know what he didn't come.

宾语从句总结归纳精华

宾语从句总结归纳精华集团档案编码:[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]

宾语从句总结(精华)一、宾语从句的概念 宾语从句属于名词性从句,在句中作主句的宾语。 eg.Weknow MrGreenteachesEnglish. Sheasked iftheseanswerswereright. 二、宾语从句三要素 引导词(连接词) 语序 时态 *引导词:1.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句 2.由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句 3.由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词where,how,why,when 引导的宾语从句 (1)由从属连词that引导的宾语从句: 注:that在句中无词汇意义,在从句中不能充当成分,在口语当中往往省略 e.g. Ihear(that)hewillbebackinanhour. Hesaid(that)hemissedusverymuch. Theteachertoldus(that)theearthmovesaroundthesun. (2)由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句 if/whether“是否”,说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在 ask,wonder,can(could)youtellme等后。

1.Iwanttoknow if(whether)hewillgototheparkwithus. 2.Askhim whether(if)hecancome. 3.Iwonder whetheritisgoingtorainornot. 4.Couldyoutellme whether(if)MrLiliveshere. 注:只能用whether不能用if的情况如下: 1.在介词后面: I’mthinking of whether weshouldgofishing. Weareworried about whether itwillraintomorrow. 2.在动词不定式前: Theyaskedme whether togoskating. 3.当与ornot连用,或提出两种选择时: Idon’tknow whether he’sfree ornot. Maryasked whether Iwasdoingmyhomework ornot. Tellme whether you’dliketogoshopping or tidytheroom. 4.宾语从句提前时: Whether thisistrueornot,Ican’tsay. (3)由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾从 代词或副词连接主句和从句,并在从句中担任句子成分,具有一定的意义,不可省略。 1.Heasked whocouldanswerthequestion. 2.Doyouknow whomtheyarewaitingfor? 3.Heasked whosebikewasthebestintheclass.

【初中英语】宾语从句X知识点总结及经典习题(含答案)含答案解析

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中考宾语从句知识点归纳

宾语从句------语序和连接代词 一.考点回顾 1.从句种类 宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的短语,或形容词的宾语,根据宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可以分为三类。 a.由that 引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语和非 正式文体中可以省略。 Eg. He said (that)he wanted to stay at home. She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that)he will succeed. b.由连接代词who, whom, whose, which ,what ; 连接副词when , where, why, how 引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个充分。 Eg. Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for ? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? c.由if 或whether(是否)引导的宾语从句【不能选that选项】 I want to know if /whether he lives here. He asked me whether/if I could help him. 注意whether/if区别:whether….. or not // to do 2.语序---- 宾语从句用陈述语序[主语+谓语+宾语从句(连接词+陈述句)] Eg. I think that you will like this school soon. 3.宾语从句时态 1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句时态取决于从句(从句是一般过去 时,宾语从句应用一般过去时,以此类推) Eg. Do you know how much she paid for the new mobile phone last week? 2.如果主句时态是一般过去式,宾语从句只能用相应的过去式(一般过去式, 过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时) Eg. Sue told me that she would go shopping with her sister the next day 3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理,其时态用一般现在时

(完整版)宾语从句知识点梳理

一、概念:宾语是由一个句子来充当,这个句子就称作宾语从句。 I think he is a good student . 二、可接宾语从句的动词有say 、tell 、think、know、see、hear、hope、guess、find、feel 等,或由形容词构成的系表结构,如:afraid、sure、glad、sorry等 I hope that our team will win the match . I am sure that I can pass the English exam easily . 三、宾语从句的标点符号。 宾语从句的标点符号取决于主句,如果主句是陈述句,句尾用句号,如果主句是疑问句,句尾用问号。 I don’t know what his name is . Do you know which school he studies in ? 四、引导词。 1、that (从句是肯定句时,引导词用that ,它本身无词义,不充当成分,在口语中可省略,但在正式场合不可省。) 2、if或whether (从句是一般疑问句时用if 或whether ,含义是“是否”。) if、whether 一般情况下可以互换,但在构成whether…or not 句式只用whether 3、连接代词、连接副词(从句是特殊疑问句时用) 连接代词(what、which、who、whose ) 连接副词(when、where、how 、why ) 五、宾语从句的同义句转换。 在宾语从句中经常会出现“疑问词+动词不定式”的结构,它可与“疑问词+主语+情态动词+动词原形”进行同义句转换。 Can you tell me how I can get to the station? Can you tell me how to get to the station ? 六、宾语从句的语序。 宾语从句的语序都用陈述句语序(即正常的主谓语序) He says that Jim will miss a lot of lessons . He asked whether we should hold a sports meeting . Do you know what the population of Dalian is ? 七、宾语从句的时态。 1、主句是一般现在时,从句可根据需要选用任何时态。(从句中有明确的时间状语时应由时间状语来决定时态) He says that he is good at English He says that he has been ill for two days I don’t know if he will come tomorrow 2、主句是一般过去时,从句可根据需要用相应的过去某种时态。(即一般过去时、过去将来时、过去完成时等) He asked me where I lived He said that she had been ill for two days She said that she would return soon 3、当从句讲述的是客观事实或真理时,从句时态不受主句的影响,都用一般现在时。 The teacher said “light travels faster than sound” He said that the earth is round 特例:1 Could you tell me …委婉的语气,常按照一般现在时处理。

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