托福题材分类
1.OG
：
Swimming Machines
2.OG
：
Feeding Habits of East African Herbivores 3.TPO04
：
Deer Population of the Puget Sound
4.TPO 13
：
Biological Clock
5.TPO 15
：
A Warm-blooded Turtle
6.TPO 17
：
Symbiotic Relationship
7.TPO27: Buck Rubs and Buck Scrapes
8.TPO27: Predator-Prey Cycle
9.TPO 30: Role of Play in Development
10.TPO 30: The Pace of Evolutionary Change 动物变化
1.Sample
：
Meteorite Impact and Dinosaur Extinction 2.TPO 05
：
The Cambrian Explosion
3.TPO 08
：
Extinction of The Dinosaurs
4.TPO 15
：
Mass Extinctions
动物行为
1.TPO 02
：
The Origins of Cetaceans
：
Orientation and Navigation
3.TPO 11
：
Begging by Nestlings
4.TPO 17
：
Animal Signals in The Rain Forest
三、生态
/
环境学
生态系统
1.TPO 03
：
The Long-Term Stability of Ecosystems
2.TPO 19
：
Succession, Climax, and Ecosystems
3.TPO 26
：
Survival of Plants and Animals in Desert Conditions 环境特点
1.Sample
：
Electricity from Wind
2.TPO 04
：
Petroleum Resources
3.TPO 10
：
Variations in the Climate
4.TPO 18
：
Lightning
5.TPO 23
：
Urban Climates
社会科学
一、艺术
绘画
/
雕塑
/
陶瓷
1.Sample
：
Lascaux Cave Paintings
2.TPO04
：
Cave Art in Europe
3.TPO 10
：
Chinese Pottery
4.TPO 11
：
Ancient Egyptian Sculpture
5.TPO 23
：
Rock Art of the Australian Aborigines 6.TPO 27: Crafts in the Ancient New East 建筑
/
戏剧
/
电影
/
1.OG
：
Applied Arts and Fine Arts
2.TPO 01
：
The Origins of Theater
3.TPO02
：
Early Cinema
4.TPO03
：
Architecture
5.TPO 12
：
Transition to Sound in Film
6.TPO 22
：
The Birth of Photography
二、历史
/
考古学
工业化介绍
1.OG
：
Artisans and Industrialization
2.TPO 06
：
Powering the Industrial Revolution
3.TPO 18
：
Industrialization in the Netherlands and Scandinavia 4.TPO 26
：
Energy and the Industrial Revolution
贸易
/
经济介绍
1.TPO 10
：
Seventeenth-Century European Economic Growth 2.TPO14
：
Pastoralism in Ancient Inner Eurasia
3.TPO 16
：
Trade and the Ancient Middle East
4.TPO 17
：Europe’s Early Sea Trade with Asia
5.TPO 25
：
The Decline of Venetian Shipping
农业发展介绍
1.TPO 07
：
Agriculture, Iron, and The Bantu Peoples
2.TPO21
：
The Origins of Agriculture
3.TPO 23
：
Seventeenth-Century Dutch Agriculture
国家
/
城市特点
1.OG
：
Nineteenth-Century Politics inThe United States 2. TPO 08
：
The Rise of Teotihuacan
3.TPO 07
：
Ancient Rome and Greece
4.TPO 14
：
Maya Water Problems
5.TPO 19
：The Roman Army’s Impact on Britain
6.TPO 26
：
Sumer and The First Cities of The Ancient Near East 7.TPO 29: Characteristics of Roman Army
人口变化特点
1.TPO 05
：
The Origins of the Pacific Island People
2.TPO 09
：
Colonizing the Americas Via The Northwest Coast 3.TPO 20
：
Westward Migration
4.TPO 20
：
Early Settlement in the Southwest Asia 5.TPO 24
：
Moving into Pueblos
三、心理
/
生理学
1.OG
：
Aggression
2.OG
：
The Expression of Emotion
3.TPO 06
：
Infantile Amnesia
4.TPO 13
：
Methods of Studying Infant Perception 5.TPO 18
：
The Mystery of Yawning
6.TPO 21
：
Autobiographical Memory
7.TPO 24
：
Breathing during Sleep
四、社会学
1. TPO 14
：
Children and Advertising
2.TPO 09
：
Reflection in Teaching
3.TPO 13
：
Types of Social Groups
其他学科类
1.OG
：
Loie Fuller
2.TPO 06
：
William Smith
3.TPO 16
：
Development of the Periodic Table
4
.
TPO 12
：
Which Hand Did They Use?
5.TOP 28: Early Saharan Pastoralists
6.TPO 30 The Invention of the Mechanical Clock
托福阅读学科词汇汇总
托福词汇汇总 分学科词汇----part1.天文类 1 ASTRONOMY 天文 astronomy 天文学astronomical 天文的astronomical observatory 天文台astronomer 天文学家astrophysics 天文物理学astrology 占星学pseudoscience 伪科学 cosmos(universe) 宇宙cosmology 宇宙学 infinite 无限的 cosmic 宇宙的 cosmic radiation 宇宙辐射cosmic rays 宇宙射线 celestial 天的 celestial body (heavenly body) 天体celestial map (sky atlas) 天体图celestial sphere 天球 dwarf (dwarf star) 矮星 quasar 类星体，类星射电源constellation 星座 galaxy (Milky Way) 新河系cluster 星团 solar system 太阳系 solar corona 日冕 solar eclipse 日食 solar radiation 太阳辐射 planet 行星 planetoid (asteroid) 小行星revolve 旋转，绕转 twinkle 闪烁 naked eye 肉眼 Mercury 水星 Venus 金星 Earth 地球 Mars 火星 Jupiter 木星 Saturn 土星 Uranus 天王星 Neptune 海王星 Pluto 冥王星orbit 轨道 spin 旋转 satellite 卫星 lunar 月球的 meteor 流星 meteor shower流星雨 meteoroid 流星体 meteorite 陨石 comet 彗星 space (outer space) 太空，外层空间spacecraft (spaceship) 宇宙飞船spaceman ( astronaut) 宇航员，航天员space suit 宇航服，航天服 space shuttle 航天飞机 space telescope空间望远镜astronaut 宇航员 star 恒星 stellar 恒星的 intergalactic 星系间的 interstellar 恒星间的 interplanetary 行星间的 asteroid 小行星 nebula 星云 space debris 太空垃圾 ammonia 氨 corona 日冕 chromosphere 色球 photosphere 色球层 convection zone 对流层 vacuum 真空 infrared ray 红外线 chondrite 球粒 absolute magnitude 绝对量级radiation 辐射 emission 发射，散发 high-resolution 高清晰度interferometer 干扰仪 分学科词汇----part2.地理类GEOGRAPHY 地理 geography 地理 geographer 地理学家 hemisphere 半球
托福作文话题分类及范文
1.建设类：建设类题目共六道题，大都是问你所在社区一建设项目的利与弊。 为了合并题目，最好将自己所在社区定下来，在城市就在城市，在郊区就在郊区，那么简要介绍社区情况的时候就节省了准备时间。按此原则，以下提纲中的红色文字都是重复出现的论点或论据，可重复在不同题目的作文中使用。 5. The advantages and disadvantages of a new factory near your community. 第一段：陈述自己所在社区处于郊区，并简要介绍情况，说明建立一个新工厂这一提议对自己来说是一个两难的选择（Dillemma）：一方面它有好处，比如可以刺激经济，另一方面又对郊区的环境有潜在的威胁； 第二段：陈述好处。如新工厂可以为社区居民提供工作机会（可假设你所在的社区就业率不高），并带动周边附属产业，刺激社区的经济发展； 第三段：陈述坏处（注意转折用词）。如新工厂对郊区的土地、河流都有一定的污染，破坏了郊区的环境；同时也破坏了郊区宁静的生活（因为噪音、交通等）； 第四段：虽然有诸多坏处，然而我们去要权衡是利大于弊还是弊大于利；并相信只要通过严格管制，控制环境问题等潜在危害，新工厂可以为社区带来更多的好处（当然也可以有其它看法）。 I I live in a primarily agricultural community,and most of the population lives hand to mouth.Parents keep children home from school to work in the fields.If there is a flood or drought,people starve.A new factory would mean regular monthly salaries as well as protection against natural disasters or a sudden drop in the price of our main agricultural product,say,corn. Regular salaries would allow families the confidence to make investments in their future.The local would be able to plan their finances accurately and free themselves from debt.This in turn would encourage entrepreneurship and further develop the local economy.People coudd begin to open shops,restaurants dormitories,and entertainment facilities to serve the factory workers with their savings.Profits from these small enterprises would further enrich the local community and turn our relatively poor farmland into a truly profitable development zone.Perhaps more parents could then afford to send all of their shildren to high school and maybe even college. There would certainly be negetive effects as well.If the area becomes prosperous,immigrants from poorer regions will come here looking for work.Because of their relative poverty they will work harder fo less money than the locals and drive wages down.There might be more immigrants than
托福听力改革和题型介绍
刚刚在上周末结束的托福考试中，听力成功霸占了热搜。 很多考生都反映听力太难了，本身想靠听力carry总分，结果先栽倒在听力上了。 对于打算考托福和备战托福的考生来说，听力轻松拿高分的日子已经一去不返。 托福听力改革 即将在8月份实施的托福新政里，听力的题目得到了精简。取消了一个lecture的部分，由原先的4段讲座（加试6段）变为3段（加试4段），每个部分的题目数量不变。 但是时间由原来的60分钟，遇到加试90分钟，下调至41分钟，遇到加试57分钟。原本1段讲座平均有10分钟的答题时间，时间却减少了整整将近20分钟。答题时间变得紧凑，每道题目分值增加，这就无形中增加了听力难度。 在最新版的TPO样题中，我们可以一瞥改革后的听力题型。正如改革的政策提到的，删减了一道讲座题，总题目数将至28道，平均托福听力每道做题时间由1.76分钟变为1.4分钟。 托福听力话题类型
托福听力部分包2个对话(conversation)和4段演讲(包括教室对话在内的lecture)。 每个对话涉及2个或2个以上的说话者，每个对话是2至3分钟，每个对话对应5道试题。对话都是大学校园中的非学术类场景，首个场景出现在学校办公室里。对话也许会牵涉学术内容又或是和课程要求有关。第二个场景介绍人有关学生服务的对话。 每段演讲对应6道试题。每个演讲是4至6分钟。讲座通常都是来源在老师的课堂授课。讲座也许是从教授的讲课内容，或者是学生的提问，还或者是师向学生提问并且请一位学生回答里摘录的。 托福听力题目类型 新托福听力里的大多数题目，不论是对话还是讲座，全部是用传统的四选一的选择题为主。根据《The Official Guide To The New TOEFL》即托福考试官方指南(OG)的介绍，新托福考试听力部分有八种题型，可分为以下三类： 1.内容主旨题 理解讲座或对话的主旨大意，或者对话目的。常见的提问方式有以下几种： What is the main idea of this lecture? What are the two speakers talking about? Why does the student go to see his professor? 2.判断题 是非判断题也是托福考试改革后出现的较为新颖的题型，一般是列出很多与录音材料中所提及的内容较为相似的句子，让考生辨別究竟哪些是录音材料中提到的。 以下例题是其常见的出题方式： The professor discusses how an animal becomes a fossil after its death. Indicate whether each sentence below is a step in the process. 3.细节题 听懂并记住讲座或对话中明晰的细节或事实，比如时间、数字、举例内容等。常见提问形式有: 1. What is X? 2. Which of the area does the picture illustrate?
托福听力场景学科分类词汇大全
新托福IBT听力场景词汇 对话场景 选课 学科 major 主修minor 副修 science理科, arts文科, engineering 工科 Mathematics 数学 physics 物理 chemistry 化学 biology 生物学 geography 地理学 electronics 电子学 computer science 计算机科学astronomy 天文学 electronics engineering 电子工程学 botany 植物学 psychology 心理学 zoology 动物学 architecture 建筑学oceanography 海洋学 ecology 生态学 medical science 医学archaeology 考古学 history 历史学 linguistics 语言学 pedagogies 教育学，教学法anthropology 人类学 economics 经济学 statistics 统计学 accounting 会计学 philosophy 哲学 类型 required、compulsory course 必修课 selective/optional course选修课elective course 选修课 lecture 讲座 seminar 高级研讨性课colloquium n.报告课
tutorial 个人辅导课程 workshop 专题课程 级别 Introductory 入门级elementary, fundamental 初级Intermediate, secondary 中级Advanced 高级 Prerequisite 先修课程 上课： Attend class 上课 Miss class 缺课 Skip class逃课 Syllabus 教学大纲 Required textbook 要求的课本Attendance 出勤 Grading system 打分体系 Class participation 课堂参与 杂 semester/term 学期quarter小学期 course guideline 课程纲要major 主修 minor 副修 exemption 免修 syllabus 教学大纲 Professor’s sig nature 教授的签字（用于注册课程） Course cap课程容量（可以招收的学生数）, openings （可供注册的名额）Take选（课）, drop 退（课）Late registration晚注册Deregistration 注销 教师称号 professor 教授 lecturer = instructor 讲师teaching assistant = TA 助教research assistant = RA 助研counselor, adviser 咨询者，顾问president 大学校长 teacher/faculty 教师 student's advisor 学生顾问physicist 物理学家
托福听力词汇分类
新托福IBT听力场景 入学： enrollment/register 登记,注册opening ceremony n开业典礼,仪式comme nceme nt ceremony 毕业典礼con vocation n正式会议（可指简单的毕业典礼）orie ntatio n meet ing 开学说明会staff n.全体职员 freshman （大学）一年级学生 sophomore （大学）二年级学生junior （大学）三年级学生senior （大学）四年级学生 tuition fee 费用 placeme nt test 开学测试 excellent出色的 average平均的，一般的below average低于平均水平的，差的结构及称谓： uni versity- preside nt 大学，校长 cha ncellor名誉校长 college 学院 scie nee/ arts school 理科/ 文科学院 un dergraduate 本科 postgraduate /graduate研究生 建筑物buildings: can tee n餐厅/cafeteria .自助餐厅 dining hall 食堂 adm ini strati on build ing 行政大楼wing/annex 配楼teach ing buildi ng 教学楼dormitory n.宿舍auditorium n.会堂,礼堂=lecture hall assembly n 集合 computer lab计算实验室，机房 选课 学科 major主修mi nor畐寸修 scie nee 理科,arts 文科,engin eeri ng 工科Mathematics 数学physics 物理chemistry 化学biology 生物学（micro-微marin-海洋）geography地理学electr onics 电子学 computer science 计算机科学astronomy 天文学electronics engineering 电子工程学botany 植物学psychology 心理学zoology 动物学architecture 建筑学oceanography 海洋学ecology 生态学medical science 医学archaeology 考古学history 历史学linguistic 语言
托福写作之对比类型考题
智课网TOEFL备考资料
托福写作之对比类型考题 摘要：托福写作之对比类型考题！下面为大家介绍托福写作之对比类型考题。大家是否对对比类型的考题熟悉呢?这种类型的考题在写作中也是经常会遇到的，希望同学们能够重视起来，把能掌握到的考点不要放过。下面就一起来看看。 下面为大家介绍托福写作之对比类型考题。大家是否对对比类型的考题熟悉呢?这种类型的考题在写作中也是经常会遇到的，希望同学们能够重视起来，把能掌握到的考点不要放过。下面就一起来看看。 一、对比考题何其多 对比类型考题在历年托福独立写作考题中，会占到相当大的比重，此类例题比比皆是。例如，从 2015年1月份第一场托福考试起到最近的4月12日的9场考试10道考题(3月7日的考试有两道考题)中就有5道考题就是对比型考题(2015.1.25，2015.2.1，2015.3.7(1)，2015.3.7 (2)，2015.3.28)大家先来简单回顾几个托福真题： 2015.1.10 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? University students should be required to take basic science classes even if they are not part of the field of the study. 2015.1.11 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The most important characteristic of a successful politician or leader is good communication skills. 2015.1.25 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Classmates and partner can communicate with each other face to face to finish the project better than by sending e-mail. 2015.1.31 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The rules that the whole societies today expect to young people to follow and obey are too strict. 2015.2.1 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Movies and television have more negative effects than positive effects on the way young people behave. 二、对比类考题的分类 按比较对象分类可以分为以下三类： 1)A or B 这类对比在题目中会有非常明显对两个对比对象，在选择观点时，只选其一(骑墙式写法在托福写作中不受欢
托福听力讲座中的问答环节
托福听力讲座中的问答环节 在托福考试听力部分，讲座篇幅较长，内容由于其学科性强也更复杂，因此很多学生认为讲座中很难抓住材料的重点。但如果细究听力讲座类材料中的特点，其实有很多地方是具有暗示性的，讲座中的问答部分就是其中重要的一类。 一、以问题引导文章的主体走向。 和阅读材料相比，对于考生来说听力材料的一大难点就是难以对材料中的整体框架、语义走向进行宏观地把握。在阅读材料中，我们单从文章的分段中便可大致划分出观点与观点之间的界限，但是在听力文章中，我们却无法做到如此“一目了然”，只能通过对整体信息的理解和一些提示性语句来自行分段、分类，听力中出现的提问部分就往往充当着“段落、语义划分提示句”的角色。 1.1独白型讲座中的自问自答 在独白型的讲座中，教授对授课的内容、顺序以及主次占着绝对的引导权，而教授经常会通过提问(虽然是自问自答这种方法来引起学生的注意，推动内容的进行。如TPO13中关于城市规划的讲座，这段听力材料中教授介绍了步行街获得成功的重要因素(Key considerations in creating a pedestrian mall，文章分步讲述了步行街兴起的原因(社会经济背景，步行街的特点(定义，步行街成功的两大因素(location and design，而这几大要点之间就是由一个个自问自答式的问题串联起来的。文章结构如下： 兴起的原因(社会经济背景+ So what did city planners decide to do about it? (引出步行街+ Now, what is a pedestrian mall?(步行街的定义+ So what does city planner learns about making thesemalls succeed? (步行街成功的两大因素+ OK, so that's location, but what about design? (引出“design”这一重要因素+ But now what if one ingredient to this planning recipe is missing? (引出反例证明观点 由此不难看出，这些问句对于掌握全文的走向有重要指导意义。
托福写作热点考题：对比类型
托福写作热点考题：对比类型
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智课网TOEFL备考资料
托福写作热点考题：对比类型 摘要: 托福写作热点考题：对比类型每年的托福独立写作考题中，对比类型考题总要占据半壁江山，拥有着非常高的出镜率。本文就为大家讲解托福考试中写作热点考题之一：对比类型考题。一、对 每年的托福独立写作考题中，对比类型考题总要占据半壁江山，拥有着非常高的出镜率。本文就为大家讲解托福考试中写作热点考题之一：对比类型考题。 一、对比考题何其多 对比类型考题在历年托福独立写作考题中，会占到相当大的比重，此类例题比比皆是。例如，从2015年1月份第一场托福考试起到最近的4月12日的9场考试10道考题（3月7日的考试有两道考题）中就有5道考题就是对比型考题（2015.1.25，2015.2.1，2015.3.7(1)，2015.3.7 (2)，2015.3.28）大家先来简单回顾几个托福真题： 2015.1.10 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? University students should be required to take basic science classes even if they are not part of the field of the study. 2015.1.11 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The most important characteristic of a successful politician or leader is good communication skills. 2015.1.25 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Classmates and partner can
托福听力备考4个基本要素
托福听力备考4个基本要素 托福听力中考生常会因为听不懂长难句而无法顺利解答题目，而长难句本身的高难度也会让许多同学头疼不已。下面就和大家分享托福听力备考4个基本要素，来欣赏一下吧。 托福听力备考4个基本要素 托福听力备考以“词”为首 “词”为四要素之首为，托福考试涉及艺术、生命科学、自然科学、社会科学四大学科，44个话题，考察学术环境下的听力能力，要求考生掌握8000左右词汇量，其中包括学科专有词汇。良好的词汇基础就是听力高分的必要因素。 那么不同年级的同学如何准备词汇呢?小学和初中阶段备考同学可以按照初中词汇、高中词汇、四级词汇、托福词汇的顺序进行准备，高中阶段的同学可以按照高中词汇、四级词汇、托福词汇的顺序备考，大学阶段的同学可以考虑从四级词汇或托福词汇开始备考。确定词汇记忆的范围后，我们还需要注意托福听力的词汇记忆不同于阅读的词汇记忆，虽然两者的范围相当，但记忆方法却截然不同。阅读讲究用“看”的方式来识词，而听力则要用听的方式。因此记单词的时候可以采取“看-听”同步的形式熟练生词发音，即时反应，尽量达到2秒内精准输出生词意思。
托福听力备考先“听”再“记” “听”，托福听力学习过程中，“听”先于“记”，同学们需要确保听懂听力的基础上，加强笔记。如何提升听的能力呢?我们可以采用泛听与精听结合的方式。泛听即广泛的听，用于培养英语语感，目的在于在听力练习中以掌握*的整体意思。因此，泛听并不要要求百分之百听懂听力材料中的所有细节,只求听懂大意。备考的同学可以选择自己喜欢的方式练习泛听，如看美剧、听英文歌、模仿英语演讲、听英文广播等。精听材料尽量选择官方真题Official或与考试学科、难度相近的资料。学习过程中需要进行精读、精听、模仿跟读、影子跟读、口述输出。 托福听力备考要合“理” “理”，这里指的是听力的逻辑规律。托福听力需要掌握一些基础的逻辑论证框架和出题规律，如问题-解决方案、举例论证、对比论证、因果论证、分类论证、反对-赞同等。 如官方真题Official27-L1体现论证体现事物的因果关系 Mangrove root systems have the ability to absorb and, well, trap sediments and pollutants in water that flow through them before they enter the ocean.This of course has beneficial results for the nearby coral reefs.
2017年托福写作独立真题按话题分类
?日期教育/学习/学校（19道） 2017/1/14As a student of university that has a long break between university semesters, the university requires all students to do one of the following for one month during the break: 1. Students must take a course on the subject that has no direct connection to their majors of study ( For example, a student majoring in engineering may take course in ?ne arts or social science.) 2. Students must volunteer to work in the university’s city or their hometowns to improve some aspects of life of the city or their own town.( For example, students may help local primary school children with their homework.) Which one do you think is more bene?cial for students in their university? Why? 2017/3/25Which ONE of the following factors do you believe is most important in helping students succeed in their studies at college or university? Why? 1. Having access at the university to tutors who can provide individual instruction for students who have di?culty with schoolwork 2. Having the support and encouragement of family and friends while attending university 3. Receiving a high-quality education from excellent teachers while in high school 2017/4/23Some young people are free in the evenings or have days o? at school, which way can bring them the most bene?t? 1. to accumulate work experience by a part-time job or volunteering in a community 2. learning to play a sport 3. learning to play a musical instrument 2017/5/20At some universities, students are allowed to take part in deciding issues that a?ect everyone in their daily life on campus such as how many hours that libraries should be open each day or what kinds of food should be served in the cafeteria. But at some other universities, experts are hired to make these decisions while students almost never involved. Which approach do you prefer and why? 2017/6/3Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? One can learn a lot about a person from the type of friends this person has. 2017/7/2The city wants to help teachers of its high school students (ages 14—18) improve their teaching. It is considering two choices: 1. Choose a group of excellent teachers; these teachers will attend a class led by an expert for additional training in how to teach e?ectively, and they will then come back to their schools and provide that training for the other teachers in the school. 2. Provide additional training in teaching e?ectively for all high school teachers, using online material that each teacher will study individually. Which one of these plans would you support? Why? 2017/7/15 上午场Students aged 13-18 are taught di?erent subjects by di?erent teachers while younger students are taught by only one teacher all day long. Some people suggest it would bene?t young students to be taught by di?erent teachers. Do you agree with this view? Why or why not? 2017/9/9Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Your friend has the opportunity to choose either one of two types of major ?eld of study, which one would you suggest your friend to choose and why? 1.A major that would allow him to complete and get a degree faster (so that your friend could start working full-time sooner). 2.A major that requires many years of study but would provide him with more employment opportunities and job o?ers in the future. 2017/9/16Nowadays, children rely too much on the technology, like computers, smartphone, video games for fun and entertainment; playing simple toys or playing outside with friends would be better for the children’s development. Do you agree or disagree? 2017/9/17High school students now cheat more than before in homework assignments, by asking other students for answers. Which of the following do you think is the most e?ective way to stop this phenomenon? 1. asking parents to monitor (signing homework to prove no cheating involved) 2. increasing penalty or punishment to the students who cheat 3. asking teacher to create homework assignment in which students can hardly cheat 2017/9/23Many universities are trying to help new students adapt to the life on campus. If you were a new college student, which of the following do you prefer to participate in? - Attending a one-week orientation or introduction program on campus, and it will begin before you have classes. - Meeting regularly in your ?rst year with a student in your major who has been in the university for several years.
2019年托福听力讲座部分篇章结构之总分结构解题技巧
2019年托福听力讲座部分篇章结构之总分结构解题技 巧 托福听力，作为整场托福考试中耗时最长，强度的部分，一直是 所有考生出国留学征程上的拦路虎之一。面对无论是相对接地气的对 话部分(Conversation)，还是绝对高大上的讲座部分(Lecture)，一个 个学霸们都会肃然起敬，一片片学渣们更是闻风丧胆。以前，大家往 往认为，导致听力部分困难的原因是陌生词汇多，材料不熟悉。不管 是讲座部分涵盖的艺术人文(绘画/音乐/舞蹈/电影/雕塑/建筑)，自然 科学(天文/地质/环境/生态)，生命科学(动物/植物/微生物/基因)， 社会科学(历史/政治/商业/心理/语言)，还是学术场景类对话(论文/ 考试/办公室答疑)，甚至是在最简单的生活场景类对话(图书馆/食堂/ 选课/就业)中，都有可能出现考生之前没有接触过的知识和情景。不过，这其实并不是最重要的原因，因为大家在完成托福阅读部分的时候，同样会遇到完全陌生的信息，却依然能够回去查看原文，通过考 点在文章中的定位来协助解题。而在听力部分中，考生却没有机会再 回去听力材料中寻找，因而必须在首次接触的时候，就搞清篇章结构，以便解题。 而且大家也都知道，托福中听力水平的测试，不但是通过听力部 分来实现的，也通过四道综合口语题，以及一道综合写作题来间接考查。不过万幸的是，托福口语后四道题中各自对应的那四篇听力材料，每一篇都有自己固定的结构，而托福综合写作里那段听力材料的结构 则更是千篇一律的三段式，所以考生相对来说还是比较容易把握。而 真正的听力部分中，结构还是比较多样化，不过即便这样，我们还是 能够将所有的文章划分成几种类型。下面，我们就具体来聊聊如何通 过一些关键的字词，来识别听力文章的结构，从而协助我们解题。 通常情况下，一次考试会有两个听力正题部分(Section)，每个部 分包含一篇对话和两篇讲座。也就是说，每次考试中我们会有遇到两 篇计分的对话，和四篇计分的讲座。其中，所有的讲座结构又能够被
托福写作词汇分类
二. 知识与教育 (一)知识与智能 knowledge，n．知识，学问；认识；知道 knowledge acquisition 知识获取 knowledge hierarchy 知识体系 structure of knowledge 知识结构 comprehensive knowledge 全面的知识 scope of knowledge 知识面 value of knowledge 知识价值 knowledge industry 知识产业 knowledge management 知识管理 the aging of knowledge 知识老化 spread scientific knowledge 传播科学知识 thirst for knowledge 求知欲 Knowledge is infinite．／There is no limit to knowledge．学无止境(学海无涯)。 knowledgeable n．知识渊博的；有见识的 become knowledgable and professional 知识化、专业化 erudition n．博学，博识；学问；知识 erudite a．博学的，有学问的；n．博学之上，有学问的人 learned a．有学问的，博学的；精通某门学科的 a learned man 学者 learning n．知识；学问 book learning 书本知识 a man of great learning 博学之上，学问高深的人 have little learning 学识浅薄 an emergent branch of learning 一门新兴的学问 episteme n．(哲)知识 epistemic n．(哲)(关于)认识的；(关于)知识的 letters n．[用作单或复]文学；学问；文化修养 a man of letters文人 lore n．学问，知识；(有关某一学科的)全部知识 scholarship n．学术成就；学问，学识；奖学金 scholarly a．学者气质的；学者风度的
托福TPO听力按学科分类
Biology: Tpo1 lecture4; 4-1; 6-2; 7-2; 8-1; 10-1; 11-1; 12-1; 14-2; 15-4; 17-4; 18-4; 19-3; 21-3; 22-3; 23-3; Environmental science: 3-1; 9-2;11-3; 12-4; 17-2; 23-2; Ecology: 10-3; 13-2; 90 Earth science: 6-4 Geology: 4-3; 7-4; 9-3; 15-2; 1-2; Chemistry: 5-3; 8-4; Astronomy: 2-4; 3-4; 5-2; 13-4; 14-3; 18-1; 19-2; 21-1; 22-2; Art history: 3-3; 8-2; 15-3; 17-1; 18-2; 19-4; 21-4; 1-1; Film history: 3-2 Music history: 12-3; 22-4; Theater history: 7-1; Theater: 9-1; Poetry: 13-3; Choreography: 23-4; Literature: 4-2;5-4; 6-3; History: 8-3; 10-2; 17-3; 18-3; Archeology: 14-4; 23-1; 1-3; Linguistic: 9-4; 19-1; Anthropology: 7-3; 22-1;
Psychology: 2-2; 10-4; 14-1; 15-1; Philosophy: 2-3; Sociology: 5-1 United states government: 4-4 Economics: 6-1; Business: 11-4; 12-2; Architecture: 11-2; City planning: 13-1; Computer science: 21-2;