口译试用

Chapter One: 文化与传统

1. 继往开来The New Beginning of an Old Story(English into Chinese) 词汇：

fellow citizen 同胞

transfer of authority权力移交

oath 誓言

affirm old tradition 肯定旧传统

slave-holding society 蓄奴社会

flawed and fallible people 有缺点有错误的民族grand and enduring ideal 伟大永恒的理想scapegoat 替罪羊a call to conscience 对良知的呼唤commitment 责任

civic duty and family bonds 公民职责家庭纽带uncounted, unhonored acts 默默无闻的行为decency 正派/正直

saint of our times 我们时代的基督教圣徒never yielding 永不屈服

We can do no great things, only small things with great love Mother Teresa

T ext:

Distinguished guests and my fellow citizens, the peaceful transfer of authority is rare in history, yet common in our country. With a simple oath, we affirm old tradition and make new beginnings. 尊敬的各位来宾, 同胞们, 政权的和平移交史上罕见, 在我国却不足为奇。我们以简单的宣誓肯定老传统, 开创新未来。

I am honored and humbled to stand here, where so many of America's leaders have come before me, and so many will follow. 我站在这里感到荣幸和谦卑, 因为在我之前，许多美国领导人就曾来到这里,而且还会有许多人早我之后相继而来。

We have a place, all of us, in a long story ——a story we continue, but whose end we will not see. It is the story of a new world that became a friend and liberator of the old, a story of a slave-holding society that became a servant of freedom, the story of a power that went into the world to protect but not to possess, to defend but not to conquer. 我们每个人在历史长河中都有一席之地，我们在延续这一历史，却看不到它的尽头。这是一个新世界成为旧世界的朋友和解放者的历史；一个蓄奴社会成为自由之仆的历史；一个强国保护而不占有、防卫而不征服的历史。

It is the American story - a story of flawed and fallible people, united across the generations by grand and enduring ideals. 这就是美国的历史, 一个有不足、会犯错误的民族的历史, 伟大而永恒的理想将这个民族世世代代团结在一起。

The grandest of these ideals is an unfolding American promise that everyone belongs to, that everyone deserves a chance, that no insignificant person was ever born. Americans are called to enact this promise in our lives and in our laws. And though our nation has sometimes halted, and sometimes delayed, we must follow no other course. 其中最伟大的理想是美国展现给世人的一个诺言, 每个人都应遵守，即：机会人人均等，没人生来低人一等。美国人有责任在生活和法律中实践这一诺言。虽然我们国家有过停滞, 有过延迟, 但是我们决不选择其他的道路。

While many of our citizens prosper, others doubt the promise, even the justice, of our own country. The ambitions of some Americans are limited by failing schools and hidden prejudice and the circumstances of their birth. And sometimes our differences run so deep that it seems we share a continent, but not a country. 在许多国人获得成功的同时, 也有人怀疑自己国家的诺言、甚至公正。一些美国人的抱负受制于失败的学校教育、潜在的偏见以及出身。有时候我们之间差别大得好像我们同属于一个洲但不在同一个国家。

We do not accept this, and we will not allow it. Our unity, our union, is the serious work of leaders and citizens in every generation. 我们不接受这种状况, 我们不允许这种状况存在。我们的团结, 我们的联合, 是每一代领导人和国民的严肃使命。

America, at its best, is a place where personal responsibility is valued and expected. Encouraging responsibility is not a search for scapegoats; it is a call to conscience. And though it requires sacrifice, it brings a deeper fulfillment. We find the fullness of life not only in options, but in commitments. And we find that children and community are the commitments that set us free. 最好的美国尊重、期待个人的责任。鼓励承担责任, 不是在寻找替罪羊, 而是唤起良知。尽管这需要付出代价, 但能带来更大的成就感。生活的充实不仅在于能选择, 还在于承担义务。我们感到致力于儿童和社会事业使我们获得了自由。

Our public interest depends on private character, on civic duty, family bonds and basic fairness, and on uncounted, unhonored acts of decency which give direction to our freedom. 我们的公共利益依赖于个人品格、公民职责、家庭纽带和基本公平原则, 依赖于将我们引向自由的无数默默无闻的高尚行为。

Sometimes in life we are called to do great things. But as a saint of our times has said, every day we are called to do small things with great love. The most important tasks of a democracy are done by everyone. 生活中有时我们被召唤去做大事。但正如当代的一位圣人所言, 我们每天都被召唤去以大爱做小事。一个民主政体中的最重要的使命是靠大家来完成的。

What you do is as important as anything government does. I ask you to seek the common good beyond your comfort, to defend needed reforms against easy attacks, to serve your nation beginning with your neighbor. I ask you to be citizens, not subjects, responsible citizens, building communities of service and a nation of character. 你们的作为与政府的作为同样重要。我请求你们为大众谋利而不计较个人安逸,捍卫所需的改革不受随意攻击, 服务国家从帮助邻居做起。我请求你们做公民，不做臣民, 做负责的公民, 建设有奉献精神的社区、有高尚品格的国家。

Americans are generous and strong and decent，not because we believe in ourselves, but because we hold beliefs beyond ourselves. When this spirit of citizenship is missing, no government program can replace it. When this spirit is present, no wrong can stand against it. 美国人慷慨、坚强、正直, 不是因为我们相信自我, 而是因为我们有超越自我的信念。失去了这种公民精神, 政府的任何规划都将无法取代。有了这种精神, 任何邪恶都无法与之较量。

Never tiring, never yielding, never finishing, we renew that purpose today, to make our country more just and generous, to affirm the dignity of our lives and of every life. 不倦、不屈、不止，今天我们再次重申这一宗旨，让我们的国家更为公正、慷慨, 维护我们及每个人的人生尊严。

2. 传统节日T raditional Holidays(Chinese into English)

词汇：

烹调cooking

节庆膳食holiday meals

象征意义symbolic significance

昏君

贬官放逐in exile

农历lunar calendar

端午节the Dragon Boat Festival

忠臣loyal minister

糯米棕子glutinous rice dumpling wrapped in reed leaves

祭祀亡灵sacrificial offerings to the departed soul 龙舟比赛dragon boat race

中秋节Mid-autumn Festival

满月the full moon 蜜钱candied preserved fruits

豆沙bean paste

蛋黄duck egg yolk

家禽poultry

饺子boiled dumplings

年糕New Y ear cake

八宝饭

谐音be homonymous with

耍龙灯dragon dance

舞狮子lion dance

踩高跷walk on the stilts

吉祥如意propitious and happy

贴对联put up an antithetical couplet 团圆饭reunion dinner

词汇：

我很高兴有机会向各位介绍中国的主要传统节日, 尤其是介绍中国最重要的传统节日一一春节。I’m very happy to have the opportunity to talk to you about major traditional Chinese holidays and in particular about the Spring Festival, the most important Chinese holiday.

同世界其他地区一样,节日在中国是人们勤于烹调、饱享口福的时候。菜市场鱼肉满架, 购物和烹调成了人们的主要活动。但是节庆膳食除了在数量和质量上与平日不同之外, 一些历史悠久、具有象征意义的特色食物也是节日必不可缺的伴侣。Like in the rest of the world, holidays in China are a time to enjoy good cooking and eating. Grocery markets are well stocked with all kinds of fish and meat and shopping and cooking become major activities. But in addition to the quantitative and qualitative differences apparent in holiday meals, some special traditional foods with their symbolic significance are indispensable on these occasions.

例如农历5月5日的端午节, 人们过端午节是为了纪念被昏君贬官放逐而抱石投江自尽的古代诗人和忠臣屈原。最初人们将以芦苇叶包扎好的糯米棕子投入屈原自尽的那条江, 以祭祀亡灵。今天,人们在端午节时举行龙舟比赛, 而棕子则由活生生的人来享用。The Dragon Boat Festival on the 5th day of the 5th lunar month (around early June) is celebrated in memory of Qu Y uan, an ancient poet and loyal minister who drowned himself while in exile from a corrupt court. Zongzi, a kind of glutinous rice dumpling wrapped in reed leaves, were originally prepared as sacrificial offerings for Qu Y uan's departed soul and dropped into the river where he drowned himself. Today, however, dragon boat races are held during the festival and the Zongzi are consumed by the living.

农历8月15日的中秋节是观赏满月的日子。圆圆的月亮象征着圆满, 进而象征着家庭团聚。中秋节日的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼, 内含核桃仁、蜜钱、豆沙或蛋黄等食物。The Mid-autumn Festival which occurs on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month (around mid-September) is an occasion for viewing the full moon. The round moon is a symbol for completeness, and by extension, family reunion. The specialty of the day is the yuebing (moon cake), a round pastry filled with nuts, candied preserved fruits, bean paste, duck egg yolks, etc.

春节是中国最重要的传统节日, 标志着农历新年的开始。春节的日期按农历而定, 通常出现在公历2月份前半个月的某一天。过春节又叫做―过年‖,意思是避开―年‖这个怪物。The Spring Festival, the most important traditional Chinese festival, marks the beginning of the Chinese Lunar New Y ear. The Spring Festival is celebrated according to the lunar calendar, and generally occurs sometime in the first half of February. The Spring Festival is also called Guo Nian in Chinese, meaning keeping off the monster of Nian.

相传―年‖是古时候的一种凶猛的怪物。它的样子像强壮的公牛, 长着狮子一样的头。这个怪物通常待在深山里。但每到冬末春初, 它在山里找不到足够的食物就会闯入村庄找东西吃。村民们见之非常害怕, 于是纷纷搬家, 逃离这个怪物。The legend has it that Nian was a fierce monster back in ancient times. It looked like a strong bull with a head like that of a lion. Usually the monster stayed deep in the mountains. But at the turn of each spring, the monster, unable to find enough food in the mountains, came out of its mountain lair and entered villages to eat whatever it could catch. Villagers were so scared that they moved away to escape the ferocious monster.

后来人们发现, ―年‖非常害怕三样东西: 红色、明亮火焰以及大声喧哗。人们为了阻止“年”进村,就把大门漆成红色, 还点火烧竹子, 发出噼噼啪啪的响声。从此以后, ―年‖再也不来村里了。一个传统就这样形成了。竹子燃烧时发出的这种响声被后来的鞭炮声所取代。这就是中国人燃放鞭炮欢庆春节的来历。Later people found that Nian was afraid of three things: red color, bright flame and loud noise. To prevent Nian from entering their villages, villagers painted their doors red, and burned stalks of bamboo, which gave out cracking sounds. Ever since then, Nian never again came to the villages. Thus, a tradition was established. Later, the noise of the cracking bamboo was replaced by the bang of firecrackers. This is how the Chinese people began to set off firecrackers for the Spring Festival.

春节期间人们通常猛吃畅饮。春节的食物比较讲究, 除了常见的海鲜、家禽和肉类之外, 人们还要按各自的地方习俗烹制一些传统菜肴。因为春节标志着新年的第一天, 所以第一顿饭是相当重要的。Customarily, lavishly consuming food and drink is a major activity during the Spring Festival. People are usually particular about their food. In addition to the popu lar seafood, poultry and meat, regional custom dictates that traditional favorites should be prepared and consumed. Since the festival marks the first day of a brand new year, the first meal is rather important.

饺子、汤圆、年糕和八宝饭是过年时家家户户必不可少的吉祥食品。―年糕‖这个词里的―糕‖字与―高‖谐音, 寓意来年―节节高‖。香甜的汤圆则是合家团圆的象征。Such foods as jiaozi (boiled dumplings), tangyuan (soup of small rice balls cooked with fillings), niangao (New Y ear cake, thick steamed pudding of glutinous rice flour) and babaofan(steamed sweet glutinous rice pudding) are signs of good luck and indispensable in every household. The Chinese character gao in the word niangao is homonymous with the word ―tall‖, suggesting ―growing up and prospering‖ in the new year, and the round sweet dumpling is a symbol of family reunion.

春节期间的娱乐活动多种多样, 丰富多彩。耍龙灯和舞狮子是春节期间的传统项目。还有一种至今仍受人欢迎的传统表演活动, 叫踩高跷。根据记载, 中国人的祖先开始使用高跷是为了从树上采集水果。如今, 熟练的高跷表演者能够在高跷上展示惊人的技艺, 表演高难度的动作。The recreational activities during the Spring Festival are varied and colorful. The Dragon Dance and Lion Dance are traditionally performed during the festival. Walking on stilts is another traditional performance event popular in China. According to the archives, Chinese ancestors began using stilts to help them gather fruits from trees. Today's skilful performers can perform truly amazing feats and extremely difficult movements on stilts.

现在,随着生活水平的不断提高, 人们采用了新的方式庆祝新年。但不管庆祝方式怎么变, 春节的精

华不会变, 那就是为了祈求新年吉祥如意, 家家户户都会打扫得干干净净, 门上都会贴上对联, 人人穿上新衣裳, 拿出最精美的食物, 团聚在一起, 互道吉利, 表示祝贺。最重要的是, 春节是一个合家欢聚的日子, 出门在外的人总要想方设法在除夕夜到来之前赶回家, 吃上一年中最重要的一顿饭一一―团圆饭‖。Nowadays, with the improvement of living standards, people have taken up new ways to celebrate the traditional Chinese New Y ear. No matter what changes there might be, the traditional highlights of the Spring Festival will remain the same: hoping for a propitious and happy new year, each family will clean up the house and put up an antithetical couplet on each side of the door. Dressed up in their best, people will get together, treat each other to the most delicious foods and exchange auspicious greetings. Most important of all, the Spring Festival is the occasion for a family reunion. People away from home for various reasons will always try their best to come back home before the New Y ear's Eve for the family reunion dinner, the most important meal of the year.

从传统意义上说, 春节以元宵节为终结日。每年农历正月十五的元宵节又被称之为―灯节‖, 自古以来就是展览和观赏花灯的盛大节日。这一节目正如宋词所描写的那样―鱼灯万里耀长空, 闹灯元宵处处同。顶马狮龙人物好, 街歌巷舞尽儿童。‖ Traditionally, the Spring Festival season ends with the Lantern Festival which falls on the 15th of the first lunar month. The Lantern Festival has been the great occasion to display and watch la nterns since antiquity. A poet of the Song Dynasty wrote these lines, ―The sky is ablaze with myriads of fish-shaped lanterns. It is fun everywhere on the Lantern Festival Lanterns in shape of horse, lion, dragon and human figure are all attractive. Streets and lanes are packed with singing and dancing children.‖

我今天简要介绍了一下中国的传统节日, 希望各位朋友有机会去亲身体验一下我国传统节日的欢乐气氛。I have given a brief introduction of traditional Chinese festivals. I sincerely hope that you have the chance to experience for yourself the happy festival atmosphere in China.

Chapter T wo: 历史与未来1. 共创未来Our Future (English into Chinese)

词汇：

Luncheon 午餐会

business council 商会

beckon 召唤

acknowledge 承认

ideology 意识形态

institution 制度/体制minimize 轻视/对某事不以为然dwell on 评说

distinctly different 截然不同的heritage 传承/传统

dignity 尊严

revere elders 尊老

potential 潜力

dawning 拂晓/黎明的曙光industrious 勤劳的

frugal 节俭的

crackle with dynamics of change 日新月异，生机勃勃

horizon 地平线

salute 向---致敬

vitality 活力

optimism 乐观

countrymen 同胞

in a mighty enterprise 在一项伟大的事业中break down barriers 冲破障碍

suspicion 猜疑

bond 纽带

shared optimism 共有的乐观精神

T ext:

Y our Excellency Mr. President, Ladies and gentlemen, 尊敬的主席阁下, 女士们、先生们:

It gives me great pleasure to attend this luncheon, meeting all the friends, old and new. I would also like to take this opportunity to thank the National Committee on U. S. -China Relations and the U. S. -China Business Council, as well as others present here, for your dedicated efforts over the years to increase the understanding and friendship between the two peoples and to promote the relations between the two countries. 我很高兴出席今天的午餐会, 与新老朋友欢聚一堂。我愿借此机会感谢美中关系全国委员会、美中贸易全国委员会以及在座的诸位, 感谢你们多年来的积极努力,增进美中两国人民的相互了解与友谊、促进美中关系的发展。

History beckons again. We have begun to write a new chapter for peace and progress in our histories, with America and China going forward hand-in-hand. 历史又在召唤。美中两国携手并进, 已开始在我们的历史上谱写和平与进步的新篇章。

We must always be realistic about our relationship, frankly acknowledging the fundamental differences in ideology and institutions between our two societies. Y es, let us acknowledge those differences; let us never minimize them; but let us not be dominated by them. I have not come to China to hold forth on what divides us, but to build on what binds us. I have not come to dwell on a closed-door past, but to urge that Americans and Chinese look to the beautiful future. I am firmly convinced that, together, we can and will make tomorrow a better day. 我们必须始终现实地看待我们的关系, 坦率地承认我们两国在意识形态和制度上的根本差异。是的, 让我们承认这些差异,让我们永远不要轻视这些差异,但是我们不要被这些差异左右。我来中国不是为了评说我们之间的分歧, 而是为了奠定双方关系的基础; 不是为了回顾

封闭的过去,而是为了推动美中人民展望美好的未来。我坚信, 携起手来,我们能够而且也一定会使明天更美好。

We may live at nearly opposite ends of the world. We may be distinctly different in languages, customs, and political beliefs; but on many vital questions of our time there is little distance between the American and Chinese people. 我们可以生活在近乎世界的两端, 我们可以有截然不同的语言、习俗和政治信仰, 但是在我们时代许多重大问题的看法上, 美中人民之间几乎没有距离。

Indeed, I believe if we were to ask citizens all over this world what they desire most for their children, and for their children's children, their answer, in English, Chinese, or any other language, would likely be the same: We want peace. We want freedom. We want a better life. Their dreams, so simply stated, represent humanity's deepest aspirations for security and personal fulfillment. And helping them make their dreams come true is what our jobs are all about. 我的确相信,假若我们询问世界上的所有公民,他们最希望留下什么东西给自己的后代、给后代的后代,那么他们的回答无论是用英语、汉语还是其他语言来表达, 可能都是一致的: 我们要和平, 我们要自由, 我们要更美好的生活。他们的愿望,说得简单,却代表了人类最大的愿望：安全及个人成就感。而帮助他们实现自己的愿望我们责无旁贷。

We have always believed the heritage of our past is the seed that brings forth the harvest of our future. And from our roots, we have drawn tremendous power from faith and freedom. Our passion for freedom led to the American Revolution. We know each of us could not enjoy liberty for ourselves unless we were wiling to share it with everyone else. And we know our freedom could not be truly safe, unless all of us were protected by a body of laws that treated us equally. 我们一向认为, 我们的历史传统是未来丰收的种子。我们一开始便从信仰和自由中汲取了巨大的力量。我们对自由的渴望导致了美国革命。我们明白, 我们自己无法享受自由,除非我们愿与他人分享。我们明白, 我们的自由不可能有真正的保障,除非我们都受到公平的法律制度的保护。

Trust the people - these three words are not only the heart and soul of American history, but the most powerful force for human progress in the world today. 相信人民一一这四个字不仅是美国历史的精髓, 同时也是当今世界人类进步最强大的动力。

Like China, our people see the future in the eyes of our children. And, like China, we revere our elders. To be as good as our fathers and mothers, we must be better. 同中国人一样,我国人民是从下一代的角度来审视未来的。同中国人一样,我们也尊敬长辈。若要像父辈那样出色, 我们就必须更出色。

Over a century ago, Grant, who was then a former president, visited your country and saw China's great potential. ―I see dawning. . .‖ Grant wrote, ―the beginning of a change. When it does come, China will rapidly become a powerful and rich nation. The population is industrious, frugal, intelligent, and quick to learn. 一个多世纪前,当时已卸任的美国前总统格兰特访问了贵国。他看到中国蕴藏着巨大的潜力。“我看到了黎明的曙光,” 格兰特写道, “变革开始了。变革一旦出现, 中国将迅速成为一个强盛而富裕的国家……中国人民勤奋、节俭、聪颖、敏于学习。”

Today, China’s economy crack les with the dynamics of change. Unlike some governments, which fear change and fear the future, China is beginning to reach out toward new horizons, and we salute your courage. 今天,中国经济突飞猛进,日新月异。与一些惧怕变革、惧怕未来的国家不同,中国开始迈向新的高度, 我们向你们表现出的这种勇气致敬。

We Americans have always considered ourselves pioneers, so we appreciate such vitality and optimism. Today, I bring you a message from my countrymen: As China moves forward on this new path, America welcomes the opportunity to walk by your side. 我们美国人一向自视为开拓者, 所以我们赞赏你们的活力和乐观精神。今天, 我给各位带一个我国同胞的口信: 中国在这条新的道路上前进时, 美国很高

兴有机会同行。

I see America and our Pacific neighbors going forward in a mighty enterprise to build strong economies and a safer world. For our part, we welcome this new Pacific tide. Let it roll peacefully on, carrying a two-way flow of people and ideas that can break down barriers of suspicion and mistrust, and build up bonds of cooperation and shared optimism. 我看到美国及其太平洋邻国正在所从事的伟大事业中向前迈进, 建设强大的经济和更为安全的世界。就我们而言, 我们欢迎这股新的太平洋浪潮。让这股浪潮平顺地滚滚向前, 促进人民和思想的双向交流, 打破猜忌和不信任的障碍, 增进合作和乐观精神。

The future is ours to build. Thank you. 未来靠我们去构筑。谢谢。

2. 书法艺术The Art of Calligraphy(Chinese into English)

词汇：

中国书法Chinese calligraphy 文化遗产cultural heritage

山不在高，有仙则名Any mountain can be famous with the presence of an immortal

水不在深，有龙则灵any river can be holy with the presence of a dragon

甲骨铭文inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells

厅堂卷轴对联couplets written on the scrolls hung on the pillars of halls

青铜器bronze objects 篆书the seal character 隶书official script

楷书regular script

行书running script

草书cursive script

象形字pictographs

夸张exaggeration 旅游资源、tourist resources

石碑tablets

悬崖峭壁precipices

匾额horizontal inscribed boards

曲阜孔庙Qufu's Confucius Temple 泰山岱庙Mount Tai's Dai Temple 高僧senior monks

T ext：

我很高兴有机会向诸位介绍中国书法这一宝贵的文化遗产及其对中国旅游业的贡献。I am very pleased to have the opportunity to talk about Chinese calligraphy, a highly-valued Chinese cultural heritage, and its contribution to Chinese tourism.

中国有句古话是这样说的“山不在高, 有仙则名; 水不在深, 有龙则灵。‖中国书法好似山上之仙、水中之龙。An ancient Chinese saying goes that ―Any mou ntain can be famous with the presence of an immortal, and any river can be holy with the presence of a dragon‖. Chinese calligraphy is like an immortal in a mountain and a dragon in a river.

中国书法同其他语言的书写形式有很大区别。汉字在其漫长的发展史中演化成许多不同的书写艺术形式, 其中包括甲骨铭文、青铜器铭文、篆书、隶书、楷书、行书、草书的书写形式。Chinese calligraphy is very different from other forms of writing. During their long history of development Chinese characters have evolved and been written into many different artistic styles, including the inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells and on ancient bronze objects, the seal character, official script, regular script, running script and cursive script.

许多汉字属象形文字, 常可从字的形状揣知其义。无论是刀刻书法还是笔墨书法都可以通过字形的夸张取得艺术效果。Many Chinese characters are pictographs and often the meaning of a particular character is apparent in the pictorial form of the character. Calligraphy, whether done with a knife or brush, can be rendered in ways that exaggerate the form, consequently yielding effects of artistic beauty.

因此书法一直是一门研究艺术。千百年来中国书法家倾注了大量的心血研究书法艺术的形式、规则及理论。他们的成果对朝鲜、日本和其他东南亚国家的汉字书法家产生了巨大的影响。这些国家的书法家经常不断地访问中国, 探索书法艺术。Calligraphy, therefore, has been traditionally a subject of artistic study. Down through the centuries Chinese calligraphers have devoted substantive attention to studying the forms, principles and theories pertinent to the art of calligraphy. Moreover, their works have significantly influenced calligraphers of Chinese characters in Korea, Japan and Southeast Asian countries. People from these countries regularly visit China studying calligraphic art.

汉字的传统书法未受到外界的影响, 这是我国的一大旅游资源。中国大多数旅游区都有不可胜数的铭文石碑(许多是刻在悬崖峭壁上的铭文)、匾额和厅堂卷轴对联。在以石碑闻名遐迩的桂林七星岩区域内, 各个朝代的铭文随处可见。Traditional Chinese calligraphy has not been influenced by the outside world. As a result, it constitutes a tourist resource. Most of the Chinese tourist areas have numerous inscribed tablets, including inscriptions on precipices, horizontal inscribed boards and couplets written on the scrolls hung on the pillars of halls. The Seven-Star Cave of Guilin, widely known as a sea of steal, contains everywhere inscriptions from various dynasties.

旅游区的古代书法遗迹以碑林和石刻为主。例如, 建于1091年的“西安碑林”区内还留有大量的周、秦时期的石刻作品。Ancient calligraphy relics found in tourist areas primarily consist of tablet forests and stone cuts, for example, the Xi'an Tablet Forest, which was built in 1091, including a large number of stone cuts from the periods of Zhou (11th century-256 BC) and Qin (221- 206 BC).

对于那些有兴趣把书法作为一种艺术形式来研究的人士来说, 曲阜孔庙和泰山岱庙里的石碑是必看无疑的。两处都存有数百件书法风格各异的石刻碑匾。The steal in Qufu's Confucius Temple and Mount Tai's Dai Temple are undoubtedly visitors' choice for those interested in studying calligraphy as an art form. Each location contains several hundred tablets inscribed with various styles.

中国历史上许多诗人和高僧在浪迹名山时墨撒悬崖峭壁, 以抒发感情。所幸的是, 他们的许多作品均被完好地保存了下来。除了石碑岩崖作品外, 在丝绸和纸张上行文留字则是更为常见的书法形式。Historically, many poets and senior monks wrote inscriptions on precipices to express their feelings when they visited famous mountains. Fortunately, many of their works have been well preserved. In addition to stone tablets and inscriptions on mountain precipices, calligraphy has also been practiced as more popular forms of art with silk and paper.

汉字书法无论以何种形式出现都将继续吸引海外游客。Whatever the form, calligraphy of Chinese characters will continue to exert a magnetic influence on tourists to China.

Chapter Three: 大学与教育1. 大学精神The University Spirit(English into Chinese)

词汇：

knowledge- based economy 知识经济

reshape lives 改变生活

extract the best explore the greatest 取精用弘interrelated educational program

uninhibited minds

the frontier of discovery

disseminate knowledge 传播知识

transplant 移植

beyond the walls of the academy 走出校门exploit vt 应用/运用

short-sighted 近视、目光短浅

live up at the edge of technology走在技术的前沿discontinuity 中止

induce vt 引发/诱发

crucial step 关键的步骤

fanciful visionary 异想天开的人uninhibited executor 摆脱桎梏的执行者repertory 物资

transmission of knowledge 知识的传播Silicon V alley 硅谷

share the vision with 认同某人的看法wellspring 源泉

take advantage of 利用

T ext：

Good afternoon! I am delighted to be here to address my fellow university presidents as well as our official guests. 下午好! 今天我很荣幸在此向各位校长同行以及各位领导发表演讲。

We around the world live in a time of great change. Globalization, the rise of Asia, the critical role of technology as an economic driver, the increasing pace of change in industries and careers, and new knowledge-based economies are reshaping lives around the world. 全世界都处在一个大变革的时代。全球化、亚洲崛起、技术作为经济推手所起的关键作用、各行各业加快变化的步伐、新知识经济，——这一切都在改变着世界。

What will the role of universities be in this globalized economy? How will they contribute to improving society through innovation that will improve the quality of life and support economic growth? How will they prepare their graduates who will extract the best and explore the greatest in this increasingly complex society? Most of my remarks will focus on the role of innovation and research in the university since that is the university spirit, as well as the primary source of economic growth and new technologies. 在这个经济全球化的时代背景下, 大学将扮演怎样的角色呢? 大学将如何通过提高生活质量、推动经济发展的创新活动来推动社会的进步呢? 在这个日益复杂的社会, 大学又将如何培养出善于取精用弘的学生呢? 今天我演讲的重点是大学创新与研究的作用, 因为创新是大学精神, 也是经济增长和新技术的主要来源。

It is important to remember that undergraduate education and post-graduate education are tightly linked to research. Our education programs should ensure that the students are learning in an atmosphere characterized by the pursuit of new knowledge and process of discovery. An interrelated educational

program will create a flow of young, bright and uninhibited minds to work on the frontier of discovery. The process of graduation will disseminate the knowledge of new discoveries and innovations. 我们要谨记, 本科生、研究生教育与研究紧密相连。我们的教育应该确保学生在探寻新知识、带来新发现的氛围中学习。教学与研究相结合，可以培养一批又一批的青年才俊，无所羁绊地从事探索前沿工作。毕业了，便将新的发明和创新传播开来。

The role of university must be that of the creator of new knowledge and of the promoter of discovery. We must ensure that the benefits of discovery can be transplanted beyond the walls of the academy where they can contribute to the progress of the society. Institutions that provide education at college level have existed for at least 800 years. But research institutions have existed perhaps for only half of that time. Nonetheless the research we performed has grown and changed even more significantly than our teaching mission. It is clear that the changes are likely to continue. 大学的作用必须是创造新知识、促进新发现。我们要确保让新发现的成果走出校园, 为社会进步做出贡献。教学型大学已有800年的历史, 而研究型大学的历史只有一半。尽管如此, 大学在研究方面的发展、变化远大于教学。显然, 这种变化很可能将持续下去。

It's observed many times, especially over the last decade, that universities can be both contributors to the society as well as facilitators for economic growth through the creation of technologies that are exploited in the marketplace. 我们一次又一次地看到, 尤其在过去的十年里, 大学通过创造出具有市场应用价值的技术造福社会、推动经济增长。

While society has always relied on universities to produce and educate the workforce, the reliance on university as a source of innovation through discoveries and inventions has grown significantly in the past few decades and has become an expectation for university in the 21st century. 虽然社会始终依靠大学培养劳动力, 但是大学作为发明创造的源泉, 社会对其依赖程度在过去几十年中日益增大, 这种依赖已成为21世纪社会对大学的期望。

The fundamental mission of a university is the creation of new knowledge which sometimes has immediate practical applications. But that can never be the only goal. And making it a primary goal will frequently be short-sighted. Basic contributions to knowledge should be valued for being exactly that. Our university has an almost unique role in fostering such contributions. 大学的根本使命就是创造新知识。新知识有时会有直接的实用价值, 却绝不是大学的唯一目标。将其作为大学的主要目标通常是短视的。基础研究因其基础也应受到重视, 而且大学在推动基础研究方面能发挥独特的作用。

What practices support an innovative and productive research environment? I want to focus on three major internal factors: first, choosing the right people; second, living up at the edge of technology; third, looking for discontinuities induced by new discoveries or technologies. 怎样做才能有助于营造一种创新型、有效率的研究环境呢? 我要强调三大内在要素: 第一，选对人；第二，始终置身于技术前沿；第三，寻找新发明、新技术所引发的断点。

Choosing the right people is the first and perhaps the most crucial step in ensuring an innovative environment. There are three types of people that can be important. The first class of individuals consists of fanciful visionaries. The second class of important people in innovative environment consists of revolutionary explorers. The third class of individuals consists of uninhibited executors. 选对人是确保创新环境的第一要素, 或许也是最为关键的要素。有三种人很重要: 第一种人有奇思妙想、远见卓识；第二种人勇于变革、探索；第三种人是不受常规约束的实干家。

There are of course several other factors involved in creating highly innovative centers. These include adequate funding for research, great freedom of the team, availability of first-class repertory and equipment,

committed and innovative students, and smooth communication and mutual respect between the research community and the industry. 当然, 还有其他几个因素也是打造创新中心所需要的, 如充足的研究经费、宽松的团队氛围、一流的物资与设备、勤勉且善于创新的学生, 以及研究机构与业界之间的良好沟通与相互尊重。

I have talked about the role of universities in creation and transmission of knowledge. Y ou may ask what my dream and prediction of universities are. I spent most of my professional career at Stanford and with a variety of visits to Silicon V alley, but I always came back to the university. I came back because I share the vision with Stanford first president David Starr Jordon who believed wholeheartedly in the integration of research and teaching, and the importance of student learning from active scholars involved and committed to new knowledge and research. 我今天谈了大学在创造、传播知识过程中的作用。您可能会问：我对大学有什么期望和预测。我的职业生涯主要是在斯坦福大学度过的, 去过几次硅谷, 又都回到了斯坦福, 因为我赞同斯坦福首任校长David Starr Jordan的说法, 他毫无保留地认为研究和教学应该一体化, 学生应该师从积极参与并致力于新知识研究的学者。

I am convinced that universities can and should be the wellsprings of innovation and new opportunity in the 21st century. Our challenge will be to take advantage of this opportunity, to make even greater contribution, and to improve the welfare of our society. Thank you. 我坚信,大学能够且应该成为21世纪的创新和机遇源泉。我们的挑战就是抓住这一机遇、做出更大贡献、造福社会。谢谢。

2. 教育之本The Purpose of Education(Chinese into English)

词汇：

综合大学comprehensive university 弘扬传统文化cultural heritage

文/理学院college of arts/ science

书院制度college system

在…卓然而立be distinguished from 主/副修课程major/minor programs 学分制credit unit system

多元教育multifaceted education

课程设计灵活programs designed with flexible structure

学习自主权free choice in designing one's own learning

发挥---潜能bring out the best of 校训motto

博文约礼Broadening one's intellectual horizon and keeping within the bounds of propriety 立于礼the character is established by the Rules of Propriety.

出自《论语》from the Analects of Confucius 兴于诗the mind is aroused by the Odes

成于乐the finish is received from the Music. 陶冶性灵cultivate the spirit

潜移默化unobtrusively and imperceptibly 通识教育general education

学而后识礼moral propriety follows naturally intellectual development

校徽emblem

高贵nobility

坚毅perseverance

T ext：

我代表香港中文大学欢迎各位同学。Welcome to the Chinese University of Hong Kong.

香港中文大学, 简称―中大‖, 成立于1963年, 由当时的崇基学院、新亚书院和联合书院合并而成。中大是一所研究型综合大学, 以―结合传统与现代、融会中国与西方‖为创校使命。中大设有文学院、工商管理学院、教育学院、工程学院、医学院、理学院、社会科学院和法学院等8个学院。The Chinese University of Hong Kong, CUHK for short, was founded in 1963, which comprises the original Chung Chi College, New Asia College and The United College. CUHK is a research-oriented comprehensive university with a world vision and a mission to combine tradition with modernity and bring together China and the West. At CUHK, there are eight faculties, namely, Arts, Business Administration, Education, Engineering, Medicine, Science and Social Science, and Law.

40多年来, 我们一直致力于弘扬中华传统文化, 坚持双语教育, 并推行独特的书院制度, 在香港高等教育界卓然而立。中大校园占地达134公顷, 是世界上最美丽的校园之一。For more than 40 years, we have been distinguished from other local universities by virtue of our rich Chinese cultural heritage, bilingual education, and our unique college system. Instruction is conducted in both Chinese and English. CUHK's 134-hectare campus is one of the most beautiful campuses in the world.

中大的师生来自世界各地。我们有教职员5200多人、近万名本科生、约2000名研究生, 其中约2500人来自45个不同的国家和地区。我们开设的主、副修课程各有58门, 可供学生自由选修。中大与全球近200所高等院校建立了学生交换计划。CUHK's faculty and students come from all corners of the world. We have more than 5,200 staff members, approximately 10,000 undergraduates and 2,000 postgraduate students. Of these students, some 2,500 are from 45 countries and regions outside Hong Kong. We offer 58 majors' programs and 58 minors' programs for undergraduate students to choose from. We also have exchange programs with almost 200 institutions of higher learning around the world.

以2006年为例,约有800名海外交换生来到中大进行一个学期以上的学习交流, 与我们的学生互相切磋; 而人数相当的中大学生则赴海外学习, 亲身体验异国文化。此外, 中大还有7000名研究生通过接受继续教育和专业教育获取研究生文凭或证书。In 2006, for example, approximately 800exchange students spent a semester or more at CUHK and they and our students learned from each other by exchanging views, and an approximately equal number of CUHK students studied abroad and experienced foreign cultures. In addition, 7,000 postgraduate students study in CUHK's continuing and professional education programs leading to postgraduate diplomas.

中大各学院的课程设计灵活, 使学生在接受专业训练的同时, 他们的创意也得以发挥。中大实行灵活的学分制, 学生可在3年内修满99个学分毕业。学分制不仅有助于培养又专又博的人才, 而且还赋予学生更大的学习自主权。中大的多元教育有助于充分发挥每一个学生的潜能。CUHK's faculties offer programs designed with flexible structure to encourage creativity while grounding students in specialized knowledge. The flexible credit unit system, requiring the completion of 99 units in 3 years, allows a balance between depth with breadth, and a high degree of free choice by students in designing their own learning. The multi-faceted education at CUHK helps to bring out the best in every student.

中大的校训―博文约礼‖出自《论语》, 讲求智育与德育并重。我们既强调知识的创造与传承, 又注重学生的全面发展, 学校致力于培养怀抱理想、目光远大、品德高尚的年轻人。The CUHK motto ―Broadening one's intellectual horizon and keeping within the bounds of propriety‖, which is taken from the Analects of Confucius, gives equal stress to the intellectual and moral aspects of education. At CUHK, we emphasize not only creation and knowledge but also the development of the whole person, both socially and spiritually. We aim to nurture young people with vision, moral character and a global mindset

孔子曰: ―兴于诗, 立于礼, 成于乐。‖ 诗与乐能够打动人心, 陶冶性灵。以文学和艺术来陶冶学子的性格品德, 可收到潜移默化之效果, 并非一般知识传授所能做到。Confucius said, ―It is by the Odes that the mind is aroused. It is by the Rules of Propriety that the character is established. It is from the Music

that the finish is received.‖ Poetry and music can touch the soul and cultivate the spirit The workings of the arts and literature are such that they change and influence the temperament unobtrusively and imperceptibly, something which classroom pedagogy cannot achieve.

作为一所综合性大学, 中大的诸多院系提供多种学科教育, 十分注重通识教育, 让莘莘学子得以探求广博的知识。―学而后识礼‖, 学生适当运用所学知识, 既可自律, 又可促成群体生活的和谐。As a comprehensive university, its many academic departments offer a wide range of courses that cover diverse disciplines and provide an all-round undergraduate program for the students. Its General Education Program forms an integral part of such a program to provide ample opportunities for young people to broaden their horizons. ―Moral propriety follows naturally intellectual development‖ Through their studies, students will learn how to stay in the right path, how to exercise self-discipline, and how to create harmony in the community.

中大以中国古代神话中的―凤‖为校徽, 因为自汉代以来, 凤被视为―南方之鸟‖, 是高贵、美丽、忠耿和庄严的象征。中大的校色是紫色和金色, 紫色象征热诚和忠耿, 金色则象征坚毅和果敢。The emblem of the University is the mythical Chinese bird feng. Feng, regarded since the Han Dynasty as the ―Bird of the South‖, is a symbol of nobility, beauty, loy alty and majesty. Purple and gold are chosen as university colors, with purple representing devotion and loyalty and gold representing perseverance and resolution.

中大矢志发展成为一所国内领先、东南亚地区的世界级的卓越学府。欢迎你们加入我们的行列。Join us in our journey to become a leading university in China and an international university of choice in East Asia.

Chapter Four：环境与保护1. 绿色城市 A Green City(English into Chinese)

词汇：

economic integration

integrity

globalization

urbanization

经济一体化

municipality 城市/直辖市

metropolitan city

municipal facilities

Greenfield development potential

R&D

the added cost burden 增添的成本负担Added value tax--V A T

aerospace 航空

biomedical industry 生物医药行业

The primary//secondary//tertiary

apparel industry 服装产业professional service 专业化服务information technology 信息技术/IT行业telecommunication 电讯urbanization 城市化

high value added business 高附加值产业digital media 数码传媒

realty tax 房产税//real estate environmentally sustainable 环境可持续发展的environment-friendly

user-friendly

academics 学者

civil servant 公务员

provincial federal government

city councilor 市政厅议员

carbon dioxide emission 二氧化碳排放

the Kyoto Accord 京都议定书

fossil fuel 不可再生燃料

economic spin-offs 经济增长点

alternative fuels 可替代燃料

secretariat 秘书处

serve with a key position 担任要职

address each other's priorities 解决彼此的当务之急

T ext:

I’m very happy to have t he opportunity to talk to you about Toronto, particularly to talk abut how the City of Toronto endeavors to turn itself with success into a green city in the process of economic integration with its surrounding cities. 我很高兴有机会向各位介绍一下多伦多, 特别是多伦多市在与周边城市经济一体化的过程中是如何成功地将自己打造成为一座绿色城市的。

The City of Toronto is a mature municipality and has limited greenfield development potential. Unlike the cities surrounding us, the City of Toronto has also the added cost burden of having to begin replacing its infrastructure which in some cases is over 100 years old. Most of the development in the municipalities around Toronto has occurred over the past 30 years and therefore their infrastructure is relatively new and

was paid for by the development charges. 多伦多市是一个成熟的大城市, 绿地发展的潜力有限。与周边城市不同, 多伦多市还有额外的基础设施重建负担, 因为有些已有百年以上的历史。而多伦多周边城市的发展大都是近30年的事, 基础设施较新, 建设费用来自开发收费。

The Greater Toronto Area has one of the most diversified economies of any region in North America. The largest economic sectors in the region include aerospace, biomedical industry, apparel industry, food processing industry, financial services, business and professional services, information technology, telecommunication and media. 大多伦多地区拥有北美地区最多样化的经济体。该地区最大的产业包括：航空、生物医药、服装、食品加工、金融服务、商业服务、专业服务、信息技术、电信传媒等。

Due to the urbanization of the Greater Toronto Area over the last 30 years, most of the largest economic sectors spanned across municipal boundaries. Most of the high value added business operations, for example, financial services, biomedical industry, computer software development, digital media, and research and development, are located within the City of Toronto. Traditional heavy manufacturing operations tend to locate in the surrounding municipalities, where the realty taxes are lower and there is a plenty of available land for greenfield development. 由于大多伦多区的城市化, 过去30年里, 大部分规模最大的产业跨越了城市边界。大部分高附加值商务活动, 如金融服务、生物医药、计算机软件、数码传媒、研究开发等, 都在多伦多市区内, 而传统的重工业则多在周边城市, 因为这里地税较低, 有大量的土地用于绿地开发。

One of the four visions in the ―City's Strategic Plan‖ is that Toronto is clean, gree n and environmentally sustainable. The City of Toronto has adopted an environmental plan to achieve its long-term goal of environmental sustainability. The plan includes 66 specific recommendations which guide city policies. It was developed within input from a wide range of community participants including citizens, students, academics, businesses, civil servants from the municipal, provincial and federal governments and City Councilors. 多伦多市的《城市战略计划》有四个愿景, 其中之一就是多伦多市应该清洁、绿色、环境可持续性发展。多伦多市制订了一项环保计划, 以实现其环境可持续性发展的长期目标。该计划有66条细则, 引导城市政策。其制定得到了社会各界广泛的参与, 包括：市民、学生、学者、商人、联邦政府、省、市政府公务员、市政厅议员。

To honor Commitment// promise

According to the well-defined goal, in the next five years, the City of Toronto will reduce total carbon dioxide emissions by 20%, which is well above the 6% reduction target that Canada has committed to in the Kyoto Accord. The City has also determined that its reduction in fossil fuel will not only assist in reaching our environmental goals but also provide the City of Toronto with significant financial savings, as well as providing economic spin-offs in creation of new jobs and encouraging investment in the development of alternative fuels. 根据这一明确的目标, 今后5年内, 多伦多市将减少二氧化碳总排放量20%, 远高于加拿大在《京都议定书》中承诺的6%减排目标。多伦多市坚持认为减少使用不可再生燃料（化石燃料）, 不仅有助于实现我们的环保目标, 还可以为多伦多市省下大笔花费, 提供新的经济增长点，增加就业，并鼓励投资开发替代性燃料。

The City established the Sustainability Round-Table to advise the City Council on the environmental impact of new legislation and policies. The Sustainability Round-Table inc ludes representation from the environmental, business and social sector of the community. 多伦多市设有一个名为“可持续性圆桌会议”的机构, 就新的法规政策对环境的影响, 为市政厅提供咨询。―可持续性圆桌会议‖的代表来自环保、商业以及社会各界。

The City's other sectoral plans including the economic development plan, the official plan and the social

plan are all guided by the ―City's Strategic Plan‖ and address each other's priorities, so that the City's environmental objectives are fully addressed in all sectors of their operations. 多伦多市其他的部门计划,如经济发展计划、公务员发展计划和社会发展计划, 均以《城市发展战略计划》为准, 解决各自的当务之急, 以确保多伦多市的环保目标在各部门工作中都得到充分的体现。

The World Secretariat of the International Council of Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) is located in Toronto and is supported financially by the City of Toronto. One of Toronto's City Councilors serves with a key position on the Board of Directors of ICLEI. ―地方环保工作国际理事会‖的世界秘书处设在多伦多市, 由多伦多市提供财政支持。多伦多市政厅有一名议员在该机构的董事会担任要职。

Ladies and gentlemen, the City of Toronto endeavors to share its knowledge and experience in environmental issues with other cities around the world and to learn from other cities in implementing programs in Toronto. We also need your opinions and advice to guide the City's future growth and to ensure the continued competitiveness of the City's economy. 女士们、先生们, 多伦多市愿意与世界其他城市交流环保知识和经验, 在完成多伦多市环保计划的过程中向其他城市学习。我们需要你们的意见和建议以指导多伦多市的未来发展, 确保多伦多市的经济具有持续的竞争力。

2. 环境保护Environmental Protection(Chinese into English)

词汇：

环境保护environmental protection

海平面升高rising of the sea level

森林砍伐deforestation

生态恶化deterioration of the ecosystem

物种灭绝the extinction of bio-species

臭氧层被破坏damage to the ozone layer

温室效应the green-house effect

酸雨acid rain

土地沙漠化desert-ification

双重任务dual task

从国情出发from national conditions

基本国策basic state policies

双边/多边合作bilateral/ multilateral cooperation 野生动/植物wildlife

海洋环境marine environment 污水处理sewage disposal

植被vegetation

行为准则code of conduct//norm

生态农业建设develop ecoagriculture

森林覆盖率forest acreage/coverage

控制水土流失control soil erosion

生物多样性biodiversity

脊椎动物vertebrates

自然保护区nature reserve

珍稀濒危物种rare and endangered species 繁育基地breeding base

基因保存中心genetic reserves

履行国际义务fulfill international obligations

退耕还林/草return cultivated land to forests/pastures

任重而道远 a grand task to perform and a long way to go T ext：

女士们、先生们: Ladies and gentlemen,

当今世界,环境保护已成为各国政府和各界人士共同关心的问题。过去10年, 海平面升高和森林砍伐的速度都是前所未有的; 生态恶化、物种灭绝、臭氧层被破坏、温室效应、酸雨、土地沙漠化等一系列环境问题已经严重影响到人类的生存环境和身体健康。Nowadays, environmental protection has become the common issue that concerns the governments of many countries and people of all walks of life. Sea level rose and forests were destroyed at an unprecedented rate during the last decade. A series of environmental problems, such as the deterioration of the ecosystem, the extinction of bio-species, damage to the ozone layer, the green-house effect, acid rain and desertification, have posed a serious threat to human living conditions and health.

环境恶化造成的问题之一就是缺水。目前,全世界40%以上的人口, 即20多亿人, 面临缺水问题。据预测, 未来25年全球人口将由60亿增长到80亿, 环境保护面临更大的压力, 解决环境与发展的问题面临着重重困难。Environmental crisis leads to one of the serious problems, namely, water shortage. Presently, more than 40 percent of the world's population, more than two billion people, now face water shortage. It is predicted that with the global population expected to increase from six billion to eight billion over the next 25 years, more environmental protection stress is expected. Many problems remain to be resolved in striking a balance between economic development and environmental protection.

中国作为一个发展中国家, 面临着发展经济与保护环境的双重任务。从国情出发, 中国在全面推进现代化的过程中, 将环境保护视为一项基本国策, 将实现经济持续发展视为一项重要战略, 同时在全国范围内开展污染防治工作和生态环境保护活动。As a developing country, China is confronted with the dual task of developing the economy and protecting the environment. Proceeding from its national conditions, China has, in the process of promoting its overall modernization program, made environmental protection one of its basic state policies, regarded the realization of sustained economic development as an important strategy and meanwhile, carried out nationwide campaigns for pollution prevention and treatment as well as environmental ecological conservation.

我们认为保护环境是全人类的共同任务。中国积极发展环境保护领域的双边和多边合作, 在环境规划与管理、污染控制与预防、森林和野生动植物保护、海洋环境、气候变化、大气污染、酸雨、污水处理等方面进行了交流与合作, 取得了一批重要成果。We consider environmental protection a common task for all people across the world. Thus, China has actively promoted bilateral and multi-lateral cooperation in the field of environmental protection. achievements have been made in environmental planning and management, pollution control and prevention, forest protection, wild animal and plant protection, as well as in the areas concerning marine environment, climate change, air pollution, acid rain and sewage disposal, etc.

概括说来,我们选择持续发展的实施战略; 逐步改进法律和行政制度; 预防和控制工业污染, 综合整治城市环境; 大规模进行国土控管和农村环保; 保护生态环境, 保护植被, 退耕还林, 退耕还草, 封山绿化; 加速对环境科技的开发; 在人民中宣传环保知识, 提高人们对环保道德与行为准则的认识; 采取强有力的措施促进环保工作的国际合作。Briefly, here are the things that we have been doing to protect our environment: Choosing a sustainable development strategy for implementation; improving the legal and administrative systems in step-by-step manner; preventing and controlling industrial pollution and comprehensively working on the improvement of the urban environment; carrying out territorial control and rural environmental protection on a large scale; protecting ecological environment, protecting vegetation, returning cultivated land to forests or pastures , and closing off hillsides to facilitate forestation; Accelerating the development of environmental science and technology; popularizing environmental protection knowledge among the people and raising their awareness of environmental ethics and code of conduct, and finally taking vigorous action to promote international cooperation in environmental

protection

工业污染防治是中国环境保护工作的重点。我们通过调整产业、产品结构, 通过结合技术改造推行清洁生产, 完成了一大批污染治理项目。在治理工业污染的同时, 政府加强了生态农业建设, 把发展生态农业列为实现环境与经济协调发展的重大对策。生态农业建设使农业生态环境得到了明显改善, 荒山荒坡得到了治理, 森林覆盖率得到了大幅度提高, 水土流失也有所控制。Prevention and control of industrial pollution is a priority concern in china’s environmental protection efforts. We have completed a great number of pollution-control projects through the readjustment of the industrial structure and product mix, promoted clean production through technical transformation. While addressing industrial pollution, China has promoted the development of eco-agriculture. The government has taken the development of eco-agriculture as an important means to realize the coordinated development of the environment and the economy. The practice of eco-agriculture has brought about striking improvements in the agricultural ecological environment一barren hills greened, forest acreage greatly raised, soil erosion controlled to some extent.

众所周知, 对生态环境和生物多样性的保护是环保工作的重点。经过长期努力, 我国的生态环保和建设取得了较大的成就。我国野生动植物物种丰富, 仅脊椎动物就有6000多种左右, 高等植物3万多种。为加快物种保护事业的发展, 国家实施了“全国野生动植物保护及自然保护区建设工程”。自然保护区的建立, 使一批具有代表性、典型性、科学研究价值的自然生态系统和珍稀濒危物种得到了有效保护。另外,全国还建立了野生动物拯救繁育基地250余处, 野生植物基因保存中心400余处。我们欣慰地看到, 200多种珍稀濒危的野生动物和1000多种野生植物在人工照料下保持了稳定的种群,有的已成功回归大自然。It is known to all that protection of the ecological environment and biodiversity is the focal point of environmental protection work. Through protracted efforts China has made great achievements in the protection and nurturing of the ecological environment. China is rich in wildlife species. There are about 6,000 vertebrates alone and 30,000 species of higher plants. In order to accelerate the development of the conservation undertaking, the government implemented ―the National Wildlife Conservation and Nature Reserves Dev elopment Program‖. The establishment of nature reserves has put a number of representative and typical natural eco-systems with research value as well as rare and endangered species under effective protection. Moreover, we have established over 250 wild fauna breeding bases and 400 genetic reserves for wild flora. We are relieved by the fact that stable populations of endangered species of wild fauna and 1000-odd rare and endangered species of wild flora are maintained under human watch. Some of the endangered species have been successfully reintroduced to nature

中国作为国际社会的成员, 在努力保护自己的环境的同时, 还积极参与国际环保事务, 促进国际环保合作, 并认真履行了国际义务。所有这些都充分表明了中国政府和人们保护全球环境的诚意和决心。As a member of the international community, China, while making great efforts to protect its own environment, has taken an active part in international environmental protection promote international cooperation in environmental protection, and earnestly fulfilled its international obligations. All these efforts have fully demonstrated the sincerity and determination of the Chinese government and people to protect the global environment.

女士们、先生们, 人类在解决环境与发展的问题上仍然面临着大量的难题, 任重而道远。中国将一如既往, 与其他国家合作, 为保护我们的生存环境, 为人类的幸福和繁荣, 为造福下一代而奋斗。Ladies and gentlemen, humankind still faces a great many difficulties in solving the problems of the environment protection and development. There is a grand task to perform and a long way to go. China will, as it did in the past, work with other countries and strive for the protection of the environment for human survival, for the happiness and prosperity of humanity, and for the benefits of our children.

Chapter Five : 上海与挑战1. 强市之路The Road to a Prosperous City(English into Chinese) 词汇：

articulate 阐述

agenda 议事日程

lifeblood 生命线

multifaceted 涉及多方面的disruptive 破坏性的

indulgence 放纵

highlight 精华/ 着重谈

Insurer 保险公司

license 批准

sell policies 销售保单

securities 证券

virtuous cycle 良性循环

local supplier 当地供应商

cluster of innovation 创新聚集地development patent 开发性专利venture capital 风险投资foresighted example 有远见的事例advisory council 咨询机构underpinning 基础/基石

educated citizenry 受过教育的公民curriculum 大纲

interdisciplinary 跨学科的

scholarship 专家/学者

virtual world 虚拟世界

nurture 培养

internship 实习

mentoring 指导

role model 榜样

rationalize 完善/ 理顺

regulatory environment 法制环境

stifle 使人窒息/ 扼杀

enlightened 开通的/开明的accompanying disruption 相伴而来的破坏secure one's position 确保某人的地位

T ext：

Mr. Mayor, let me thank you for the opportunity to share some thoughts about how to ensure Shanghai's place as one of the world's leading centers of innovation in the 21st century. 市长先生, 感谢您给我这个机会就上海如何才能成为21世纪世界主要创新中心之一谈谈我的看法。

Certainly, Mr. Mayor, you have already recognized the importance of innovation to Shanghai's economic growth and prosperity. Y ou have articulated a strategy for your city that places technological innovation capacity at the top of the agenda. Innovation is the lifeblood of a country and a company - there is no future without it. Innovation, however, as we all know, is complex and multifaceted. We have to think of innovation as more than basic science or new laboratory equipment. Innovation is the creation of value through new products or services, technologies and business models. And because innovation can be disruptive, it requires above all strong leadership, a long term strategy and people who are committed to innovation. 毫无疑问, 市长先生已经意识到创新对于上海经济发展繁荣的重要意义。您已清楚地阐明了上海的发展战略, 将技术创新能力置于一切工作之首。创新是一个国家、一个公司的生命线。