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科技英语翻译论文

科技英语翻译论文
科技英语翻译论文

2013040391116

On Translating of Passive Voice in

Scientific and Technology English

Wang Jin Dun

A Paper Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Degree of B. A.

Supervised by

Chen Zhi Wei

College of Foreign Languages and Literature

BeiJing LiGong University

May, 2017

重声明

本人呈交的学位论文,是在导师的指导下,独立进行研究工作所取得的成果,所有数据、图片资料真实可靠。尽我所知,除文中已经注明引用的容外,本学位论文的研究成果不包含他人享有著作权的容。对本论文所涉及的研究工作做出贡献的其他个人和集体,均已在文中以明确的方式标明。本学位论文的知识产权归属于培养单位。

本人签名:

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摘要

论文首先简短地介绍了一下科技英语翻译的特点,说明了被动语态在科技英语翻译中的重要地位,鉴于汉语和英语中的被动语态句子意义有很大的差别,本文讨论了被动语态自身有什么样的语言特点以及如何正确使用被动语态。值得注意的是,译者在翻译之前应该弄清楚句子的结构,译者应该有自己的认知基础,而不是盲目翻译,应符合他们的认知。而且翻译技巧也很重要,英语被动语态翻译成中文的技巧可以帮助英语学习者更好地理解英语文章的流畅性和表达。其次讲述了被动语态在科技英语中的使用和它在科技英语中所起的作用以及为什么被广泛使用。本文最后重点探讨了在翻译科技英语中被动语态应遵循的原则和方法。只有通过这些翻译技巧将英语被动句翻译成汉语主动语态,才能使科技英语的翻译更加平滑并且符合汉语的表达。

关键词:被动语态科技英语翻译

Abstract

Firstly,this paper briefly introduces the characteristics of translation of Science and T echnology English (later referred to as EST),and explains what a important role the passive voice plays in EST at the same time. Secondly, the passive voice in Chinese and English has great differences in the value of sentence meaning,the paper discusses how we should use passive voice

correctly and what kind of linguistic features does passive voice have. It is significant that translator should understand what the deep structure is in English before translating the passive voice in EST, and translator should have their own cognitive grounds rather than blindly translate, which should be in accordance with their cognition. What’s more, translation skills are also very important. The skills of translating English Passive voice into Chinese can help English learners better understand the fluency and expression of English articles.Thirdly it analyzes the use of passive voice in EST, its significant effects in EST and why it is widely applied in science and technology English. Finally, this paper focuses on the translation principles and skills that should be followed in the translation of passive voice in EST. Only by using these translation techniques to translate passive sentences in English into active voice in Chinese,can Chinese translations be smoother and conformer to Chinese expressions.

Key Words: passive voice,scientific English,translation

CONTENTS

I. Introduction (1)

II. The Application of Passive Voice in EST. (2)

2.1 Brief introduction to technology English (3)

2.2 The role of passive voice in scientific English (4)

III. The Translation of the Passive Voice in EST (4)

3.1 Principles of translation (4)

3.2 Translation Skills of Passive Voice in Scientific English (7)

IV. Conclusion (8)

Works Cited (10)

I. Introduction

Science and technology English focused on describing the facts and reasoning. "Objectively true and accurate expression" is the soul of scientific articles. Scientists and technical workers are more likely to use the passive voice, and not to mention a specific person. As J.Perlmutter said, "science writer writing text undid personal feelings, leaving himself in the position of the background, which is very traditional, excluding personal pronouns, and stressed that works." English for science and technology is an important technology in the English style. English exposition and argumentation based on science and technology, is the basic characteristics of English for science and technology such as the extensive use of technology jargon, the single semantic and rigorous. English words, In addition to the large number of professional terms, English for science and technology also uses some classic sentences. According to statistics, about a third of Science and T echnology English text use the passive voice .

First, the introduction of passive voice

1.1 Use of passive voice

(A) The use of passive voice

Passive voice is not a simple variant to the active voice, although it can replace the active voice, without changing the meaning of the sentence. Use the active voice or passive voice depending on the object that we want to emphasize. In an active sentence, the doer is the focus. But in the passive sentence, mover becomes the focus.

Therefore, the passive voice is a grammar tools that transform the object of transitive verb into the subject , in order to emphasize the object. Passive voice is highlighted by the mover.

1.2 language features of Passive Voice

Voice refers to the relationship between subject and predicate in a sentence. Only transitive verbs can be used in passive voice.

Passive Voice consists of the "be" verb and the past participle of the transitive verb. The following sentences can show the relationship and the common sentence pattern between the active and passive voice and the general passive voice, the progress passive voice and the complete passive voice .

The butter is kept here. (general passive voice)

Your can is being repaired by a machine. (progress passive voice)

II.The Application of Passive Voice in EST.

As mentioned above, passive voice is widely used in scientific English. This is not only because the passive sentence is more objective, but also because of the syntactic features of science and technology English.

The passive voice is a basic part in grammar, and easy to learn. The use

of a large number of passive voice in science and technology English,is not in pursuit of artistic beauty of the language, but in pursuit of objective and concise the narrative, rigorous structure, the translator should enhance the reader impressed the thing and get rid of unnecessary things. According from Leeds John Swales the Statistics University , at least 1/3 predicates in science and technology English is dynamic. This is because the scientific articles focus on narrative reasoning, emphasizing the objective and accurate. The involvement of the first person, will cause a subjective impression. So try to use the third person narration, and the passive voice. For example:when we say, attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine. (working temperature of the machine), and you will pay attention to the working temperature of the machine. (you must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine). In addition, the main information of technology will be placed in front, as the subject.

In order to understand better the role of passive voice in scientific English, we should be familiar with the use, function and characteristics of science and technology English first.

2.1 Brief Introduction to Technology English

2.1.1 Language Features of technology English

With the development of science and technology and the gradual deepening of global economic integration, the importance of scientific and technological English has become increasingly prominent. Unlike ordinary English, science and technology thinking is not emotional, but objective. It makes it easier for the reader to understand the original text without the need for too much imagination. Because of the nature of science and technology and scientific style of translation standards, the passive voice is widely used in scientific text translation. The passive voice in English for science and technology was used in high frequency, therefore, the passive voice translation is a vital part.Technology English is an English that the word

is not limited, but has its own unique style, its own characteristics. The following is the language features of science and technology:

2.1.2 Lexical Features of Scientific English

A lot of professional terms. The meaning of those professional terms is relatively specific, so it is easy to understand in translation practice.

Nominalization trend. Nominalization can help reduce the use of clauses so that the article can be clearer, more intuitive, and objective.

2.1.3 Syntactic Features of Scientific English

Extensive use of passive voice. The purpose of technology English is to describe things, phenomena or processes. Its concern is the thing itself, it does not need to pay attention to the actor. The use of passive voice will make the reader concerned about the object, so that they can focus on their analysis and research, which in the technical English is very necessary.

Use complex long sentences. It is necessary to express closely related concepts in scientific English, and at the same time, science and technology emphasizes rigorous reasoning and accurate description, which will inevitably use complex long sentences.

Use conditional sentences and ellipses. Quotations and assumptions are often used in scientific English, resulting in extensive use of conditional sentences. In order to make the language more concise, usually use the omitted sentence.

2.1.4 The impact of passive voice on these features

As shown above, science and technology thinking is not emotional , not doping individual actor, but is objective, so the use of the voice should also be objective. Passive voice is often used to express objective facts. In the expression,the third person can be avoided, which will ensure the objectivity of the sentence.

Therefore, the use of passive language in scientific English can ensure that its expression is objective. On the other hand, it also makes the language features of science and technology more obvious.

2.2 The Role of Passive Voice in Scientific English

Passive voice is a common grammatical phenomenon in scientific English. Foreign linguist Quirk Randolph has pointed out that at least one third of verbs in physical, chemical and engineering books use passive voice. Passive voice can be better than the active voice to describe the object, that is, the object on the sentence is the most important seat to attract more attention. At the same time, the passive voice does not have subjectivity active voice. In general, passive voice is more important in setting themes, linking text, and highlighting and comparing information.

By comparing with the active voice, we will find that the use of passive voice not only emphasizes the subject, but also can make the article more coherent, cohesive more closely. It should be noted that in the passive sentence, the main information will be placed in the forefront of the sentence. The focus will be on the subject's position to highlight its importance.

III.The Translation of the Passive Voice in EST

3.1 Principles of translation

As everyone knows, English and Chinese have differences in grammar and usage. The use of the passive voice in the two languages are not the same. So, to translate the passive voice in English into Chinese, we should master the skills, to avoid stiff and unnatural words , lost or distorted the original English meaning . And in the translation of the English passive sentences we can not use the so-called word to word translation or stick to the original sentence, in the translation of passive voice in EST, but be flexible in use of various translation skills.The translation must be based on Chinese grammar and habits,be translated into active sentences ,or be translated into the passive sentence in Chinese, The translator must unitize the form and content of the original version , and make sure that content and form comply with the original Chinese way of expression. What’s more, content should be objective

and accurate. According to teaching experience, the translation of passive voice can be classified four types:

In fact, the translator tend to use active sentences to translate English passive sentences into active sentences in Chinese, the following is kind of the situations of translation :

Now, we already know the reasons why passive voice is widely used in the scientific English. For those countries which are not English-speaking , good translation is very important in order to understand the meaning of English in science and technology. So what is a good translation? Alexander Fraser T yler, a well-known British translator, has ever proposed three major translation principles: the translation should be complete the original style of writing; translation style and writing should be the same as the original; translation should be easy for readers to understand the original. These three principles are important criteria for good translation.

T echnology English has its own unique characteristics. Good technical English translation should achieve its unique functional characteristics. Thus, the translation of passive voice in scientific English must follow this goal. What principles should be followed in the translation of passive language in science and technology? The following two principles are of the utmost importance to professional English for science and technology.

English imperative sentences often omit a subject. However, Chinese doesn’t have a subject in many cases. It’s an important difference between Chinese and English.English passive sentences with modal verbs can be translated into no subject the Chinese sentence. In fact, this statement is not accurate enough, the author thinks that only the English expression is specific place specific things or express specific views, attitudes, requirements and so on, at the same time, the implicit semantics of the doer is or is the subject of life, in this way the translation.

3.1.1. Faithful to the original

This principle means that the target language should be exactly the same

as the source language meaning.

As we know, technology English is a functional variant in modern English. It is used to disseminate knowledge of natural sciences and social sciences. Its main function is to convey meaning. Translation, the most important thing is to clearly, accuratly translate the original meaning.

3.1.2. Keep the original style

T echnology English is different from narrative, prose, poetry, it is only objectively describing a problem. It aims to convey objective facts to the reader. On the other hand, in terms of words, science and technology often choose to use accurate words, so as to avoid ambiguous or word polysemy situation. It is clear and has a clear structure. Therefore, when translating, the translator should make the target language consistent with the style of the source language.

3.2 Translation Skills of Passive Voice in Scientific English

The translation principle is intended to provide a translation standard. Good translation methods should follow the following principles:

3.2.1 Transform the voice

As long as the passive sentences in English can be translated into active sentences in Chinese, they should be translated into active sentences, or they should be translated into other structures, which is more in line with the Chinese people's habits.

(1) Translated into the form of active sentences

(2) Translated into a complete active sentence

3.2.2 Adding

Because English passive sentences always emphasize what happened, without emphasizing who did it, usually omit the subject. Quirk has pointed out that about four kind of the English passive sentences do not indicate the actor, but the Chinese is the opposite. So if necessary, subject should be added. Use this method in the supplementary subject can be the original meaning of the full, fluent expression.

(1)Add pronouns or nouns "they", "you", "we" and "someone" as the subject.

(2)The passive sentences of those who have no action, and words like "this article", "this book" and "this procedure" may be supplemented when necessary.

IV. Conclusion

Although this article provides specific translation principles and techniques, we should not be limited to the original sentence, but rather to use a variety of translation skills. We also need to be able to solve problems through new methods, such as through the Internet and some translation software.The purpose of translation is to better convey the meaning and thought of the original text. So the translation of passive sentences in science and technology English , we should grasp two things: (1) to accurately understand and grasp the meaning in original sentence ; (2)accurately express the original the meaning of the sentence in Chinese . If you do these two points well, then no matter how complex, we can translate is into real, standard Chinese. sentence is,In short, the translation of passive sentences in scientific English is a process of practice and accumulation.

Works Cited

[1] Neal Peter.A T extbook.of Trstation [M]. London: Prentice Hall International (K) Ltd, 1988.67-75.

[2] QuiHc Randolph.A Com prehensive Grmmar of the English Language [M], London: Longm an G roup L im ited, 1985.129-130.

[3] Wolfram W iiss. Science of Trstation: Problem s and M Methods [M] .Shanghai: ShanghaiForeign Language Education Press, 2001.22-25. [4] Chen,Meilian.[美莲]. 谈科技英语中被动语态的翻译技巧[J].行政学院学报.2006, (6): 45-47.

[5] Feng,Qinghua.[庆华].实用翻译教程[M].:外语教育, 2002.90.

[6] Han,Qin.[琴].科技英语的特点与翻译[J].:中国科技翻译, 2007, (8): 33-40.

[7] Han,Yali, Han,Zhongli.[娅莉,忠利].科技英语中的被动语态技巧[J].现代教育科学杂志, 2009, (1) 29-30.

[8] Huang,Zhengling.[黄正玲].科技词汇词汇特征[J].广播电视大学, 2009, (1): 35.

[9] Peng,Yuehua.[月华].现代科技新词语的特点与翻译[J].中国科技翻译, 2005, (2) .

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科技英语翻译论文精编 W O R D版 IBM system office room 【A0816H-A0912AAAHH-GX8Q8-GNTHHJ8】

浅谈科技英语翻译的忠实性摘要:随着各国科学技术交流的不断深化,科技英语翻译的任务也日益艰巨。由于科技文章文体具有清晰,准确,精炼,严密的特点,忠实性成为科技英语翻译必须遵 守的原则。要确保忠实性的实现,在翻译过程中就应遵循分析,转换和重构的 “三步走战略”,使译文具有可读性。 关键词:翻译重视性原则原文译文 翻译有直译和意译之分,直译比较倾向于保持原文的结构成分和意义的某些隐含成分;而意译则注重意义的准确传达,如果必要,可以不顾及原文的结构成分和意义的某些隐含成分。鉴于科技英语文体的特点,进行翻译时,采用直译方式居多,但并不排除意译的使用。无论是直译还是意译,忠实是必须遵守的原则。 早在18实际末叶,国外的着名翻译理论家泰特勒在《翻译的原则》一书中提出了着名的三原则;A,译文应完整地再现原文的思想内容;B,译文的风格,笔调应与原文的性质相同;C,译文应该像原文一样流畅自然。他强调的是译文与原文在思想,风格,笔调,行文等方面的对等,实质上就是“忠实性”中“一致性”的反映。这是忠实性最初也是最重要的阶段。在进行案例翻译过程中,译者客观地分了原文内容,也谨以科技文体要求。用中文再现了空气三大污染物的来源及危害。 但是在翻译过程中,译者发现根据原文做出的译文有多处不符合汉语使用规范。意识到翻译的忠实性不只停留在对原文的完全对等输出状态。翻译时还应考虑译文读者的接受力,这样译文才有可读性和可接受性。科技英语文章大量使用名词化结构,广泛使用被动语句,常用前置性陈述,但是汉语行文结构中少有这样的语法现象。如果按原文结构翻译,译文将有些句子主语缺失,陈述对象前后不一致等弊病。因此,译者在翻译过程中,补全了原文缺失的主语,宾语,以及意义,对有些句子语序做了调整,使其更符合汉语读者的

科技英语翻译课程论文1

东大学外国语学院2013-2014学年第二学期 《科技英语翻译》课程论文 课程号:1400622-100 任课教师于德英成绩

摘要:文章主要就科技英语的特征、科技英语翻译的标准和方法进行了探讨,说明了加强科技英语翻译研究和探索的日益重要性。旨在提醒科技翻译者在实践基础上加强理论研究,以便更好更准确地做好翻译工作。 关键词:科技英语翻译;标准;方法 随着国际学术交流的日益广泛,科技英语已经受到普遍的重视,掌握科技英语的翻译技巧是非常必要的。科技英语 (English for Science and Technolgy ,简称EST)作为一种重要的英语文体,与非科技英语文体相比,具有词义多、长句多、被动句多、词性转换多、非谓语动词多、专业性强等特点,这些特点都是由科技文献的内容所决定的。因此,科技英语的翻译也有别于其他英语文体的翻译。 一、首先要拥有一本好的科技词典 学习普通英语几年以后,你大约掌握几千个单词的词汇量,这时你就会发现英语拥有极其丰富多彩的词汇,但在科技文章中,又会对大量的专业词汇和术语而头疼。有些词晦涩难懂,大而长,看起来吓人,如posttention(后张拉力),prefabricate(预制),意义比较简单,只要查一下词典就行。有些词在文章中起着举足轻重的作用,所以翻译时选择在具体语言环境中最恰当。一本好的科技词典可以成为你的良师益友,为此笔者推荐《英汉道路词典》《汉英科技大词典》两本较好的词典。 二、在翻译时采用增词法和词序处理法 1.根据句法上的需要:由于英汉两种语言表达方式存在差别,在英语中需要省略的成分而在汉语中需要补出才能符合汉语的习惯。例如:在翻译案例中增词现象“与普通的线波相比,微波有较高的频率,从而被用于跨远距离定期发送成千上万的电话和的电视节目“,比原文中增添了“与普通的线波相比”“从而被”等词,来更好的表达原文。 2.根据意义上的需要:(1)英语复数名词的增译:复数名词前后增译“许多”、“一些”等,使其复数意义更明确;(2)英语中表示动作名词的增译:翻译时可根据上下文语境,补充一些表示动作意义的名词:“作用”、“现象”、“方案”等;(3)在英语名词或动名词前后增译汉语动词:(4)增译解说性词:英语中常因惯用法或上下文关系。省去了不影响理解全句意义的词句。为了使译文清晰起见,翻译时必须增译一些词。 3.词序处理法英汉两种语言的词序规则基本相同,但也存在着某些差别。不同的英语句子,在翻译中的词序处理方式也常常不同。例如:” are used routinely in sending thousands of telephone calls and television programs across long distances从远距离发送成千上万的电话和电视节目。这里将“across long distance”(从远距离)改序翻译为“发送成千上万电话和电视节目”之前较为合理。三.句型的使用 1.非限定动词的应用和大量使用后置定语如前所述,科技文章要求行文简练,结构紧凑,往往使用分词短语代替定语从句或状语从句;使用分词独立结构代替状语从句或并列分句;使用不定式短语代替各种从句;介词+动名词短语代替定语从句或状语从句。这样既可缩短句子,又比较醒目。 2.大量使用常用句型科技文章中经常使用若干特定的句型,从而形成科技文体区别

科技英语翻译论文

科技英语翻译论文 Prepared on 22 November 2020

浅谈科技英语翻译的忠实性 摘要:随着各国科学技术交流的不断深化,科技英语翻译的任务也日益艰巨。由于科技文章文体具有清晰,准确,精炼,严密的特点,忠实性成为科技英语翻译必 须遵守的原则。要确保忠实性的实现,在翻译过程中就应遵循分析,转换和重 构的“三步走战略”,使译文具有可读性。 关键词:翻译重视性原则原文译文 翻译有直译和意译之分,直译比较倾向于保持原文的结构成分和意义的某些隐含成分;而意译则注重意义的准确传达,如果必要,可以不顾及原文的结构成分和意义的某些隐含成分。鉴于科技英语文体的特点,进行翻译时,采用直译方式居多,但并不排除意译的使用。无论是直译还是意译,忠实是必须遵守的原则。 早在18实际末叶,国外的着名翻译理论家泰特勒在《翻译的原则》一书中提出了着名的三原则;A,译文应完整地再现原文的思想内容;B,译文的风格,笔调应与原文的性质相同;C,译文应该像原文一样流畅自然。他强调的是译文与原文在思想,风格,笔调,行文等方面的对等,实质上就是“忠实性”中“一致性”的反映。这是忠实性最初也是最重要的阶段。在进行案例翻译过程中,译者客观地分了原文内容,也谨以科技文体要求。用中文再现了空气三大污染物的来源及危害。 但是在翻译过程中,译者发现根据原文做出的译文有多处不符合汉语使用规范。意识到翻译的忠实性不只停留在对原文的完全对等输出状态。翻译时还应考虑译文读者的接受力,这样译文才有可读性和可接受性。科技英语文章大量使用名词化结构,广泛使用被动语句,常用前置性陈述,但是汉语行文结构中少有这样的语法现象。如果按原文结构翻译,译文将有些句子主语缺失,陈述对象前后不一致等弊病。因此,译者在翻译过程中,补全了原文缺失的主语,宾语,以及意义,对有些句子语序做了调整,使其更符合汉语读者的习惯。这样的改动是对原文更加充分的翻译,在表达清楚原文的基础上,又满足了读者的需求,使忠实性原则更加切合实际地体现了出来。 既考虑岛原文,原作者,又顾及到译文及读者,忠实性发展到这一阶段已经基本能满足一般的翻译需求了。但不同的语言归属不同的语言,不同的文化背景,因此,翻译作为一种跨语言,跨文化,跨社会的交际活动,具有丰富多彩的内容。它既是一种技巧,又是一种艺术,是一种具有创造性和科学性的艺术。成功的翻译作品必须与译文所属文化范畴相吻合,这尤其体现在文学翻译作品中。但做科技英语翻译时,同样需要考虑这点。尽管案例的文化色彩不是很重,但译者查阅了汉语中关于空气污染物的相关文章,翻译中采纳了其中的一些定义,便于读者接受。 综上所述,通过思考科技英语翻译中的忠实性原则,在做案例翻译时,结合“三步走战略“和”忠实性“的三个层面,使译文能更好地展现原文,更放心地呈现给读者。 参考文献:韩其顺《科技英语的特点和翻译》

科技英语文章的准确翻译策略

科技英语文章的准确翻译策略翻译是一个理解与表达的过程,科技英语翻译也是如此。翻译科技英语文章时,需要根据科技英语的特点,透彻理解原文意思,并能够准确地用译文语言表达出来。下面,蓝译编译从科技词汇、名词化结构、非谓语动词、数词、被动语态、长句子等的方面探讨科技文体的翻译策略。 一、科技词汇的翻译,采用的方法有以下几种:一是意译法,即根据原词的实际含义翻译成对应的汉语术语,这种译法广泛运用于科技术语的翻译,具有概念明确、易懂易记的优点;二是音译法,即按原词的英语发音译成相对应的汉语,常用于计量单位名称、人名、地名、公司名、首字母缩略语以及一些还未完全了解的新术语,这种方法是不得已而为之,无法揭示词汇的真正意义,随着新术语的认识对不少词已用意译来代替;三是半音半意法,这是将音译与意译结合的译法。 二、名词化结构的翻译,为了更好地传达原文的思想内容,使译文更符合汉语的表达习惯,更加通顺自然,常须进行词类的转换,即英语中的某一词类,并不一定译成汉语中的相应的词类,而是作适当的转换,将英语中名词化的动作名词在汉语中翻译成动词。 三、非谓语动词的翻译。科技英语中大量使用非谓语动词,主要有过去分词、现在分词、动名词和动词不定式。非谓语动词使句子结构严谨,逻辑性强,但也加深了理解和翻译的难度,遇到这类句子时一定要理清脉络,分析清楚其成分,才能准确理解句意,正确进行翻

译。 四、数词的翻译。在科技文献中,数词的使用十分频繁,表达方法多种多样。翻译时,不仅要掌握如何翻译倍数、倍数的增加、倍数的减少等数词,还要了解英国和美国英语在这方面不同的表达方式。 五、被动语态的翻译。英语中使用被动语态大大多于汉语。由于科技英语文体的主要是表述科学发现、科学事实、实验报告和各种说明等,因此文章以客观陈述为主,被动语态使用更多,体现科学性和客观性。在被动句中,by短语有时表达方式、方法或手段,而不只表达行为的发出者;以it为形式主语的被动语态句型是科技英语中的一种典型句型,翻译时应加以注意。 六、长句子的翻译。从句法的角度来分析,造成长句难的主要原因是:修饰、限定及附加成分多,从而造成分隔结构。对长难句的处理,首先理顺语法结构;然后根据句子特点采取不同的手段,如分译法、顺序法、变序法等。在科技文体中经常使用长句子中大量使用各种从句和大量的介词短语、形容词短语、分词短语或副词等作后置定语,以及分词短语表示伴随情况等,要翻译准确,就必须仔细研读原文,分析句子结构,弄清各成分之间的关系,从整体上理解原文。 蓝译编译认为,在翻译长句时,应认清主干,理顺旁枝,分析句子的基本成分,抓住主干部分,然后逐步分析各词意思以及相互间的逻辑语法关系,在充分理解原文的基础上打破原文的结构框架,将原文的意思在译者的思维中以译文语言的形式进行重构再现,形成译文。

浅析科技英语翻译

2018年4月 西部皮革文化与探索 浅析科技英语翻译 孙梦圆 (山东科技大学,山东青岛266000) 摘要:科技英语是英语文体中的一种,具有自身鮮明的特点。科技英语分为专门科技和通俗科技两类,涉及多个领域,如 政治、经济、科学技术等。科技英语注重语言的逻辑性、准确性、和严密性。因此,科技英语在词汇、句法、语篇上都有自己的特点。 关键词:科技英语;翻译中图分类号:H 059 文献标志码:A 文章编号% 1671 - 1602 (2018) 08 -0145 -011 词汇特点 科技英语中专业术语使用较多,且多为复合词和缩略语。专业 术语在翻译科技英语文体中,是一大难点,需要翻译的准确性。随 着世界变化日益加快,日新月异的科技发展导致新事物更迭频繁, 复合词为了表达一些新的含义的词汇应运而生。 例如复合词‘ country-specific information ’翻译成“国家相关 信息”,由名词加形容词加名词构成;复合词‘ peer - to-peer con - nection ’ 是由名词加介词加名词构成,翻译成“对等连接”; 例如 ‘plug-in connections ’是由动词加介词加名词构成的复合词,翻译 成“插入式连接件”。 由于科技英语文本的语言要求准确、简练,因此缩略语的应用 在此类文本中较为普遍。例如-VI (数字可视界面)是Digital visual interface 这三个单词首字母的缩写;LED (发光二极管)是Light e -mitting diode 三个单词首字母的缩写;VMA 是Video graphics array 三 个单词首字母的缩写。缩略语的使用,让科技英语文本的语言更加 简明和准确,但是在翻译中要注意翻译的严谨性,大部分缩略语有 固定翻译,不能擅自修改。 2句法特点 科技英语文体多用长句及被动句,重要信息和主语多前置。在 翻译成汉语时,要注意调整句子结构,顺序和语态。例如,“The user manual and other documentation enclosed with the IOLMaster 700 should be kept accessible to users at all times to ensure that the informa -tion required for use of the IOLMaster 700 is readily available . ” 这是个被动句,翻译成汉语是“用户手册和IOLMaster 700配套的其他文 档应当存放在用户随时可以获取的地方,以保证随时查阅IOLMaster 700使用时所需的信息。”翻译此句子时,为了突出重要信息,向读 者传达客观事实,在科技英语文本中通常采用被动语态,以强调主 题,使表达更正式,信息传递更准确。然而,根据目的论,翻译文 本应遵循汉语的语言习惯,其中主动语态更常用。因此,在翻译上 述句子时,译者将被动语态“被保留”转变为主动的“主动性”, 使汉语读者更好地理解句子所传递的信息。例如翻译“Formeasure -ment of wearers of soft lenses using IOLMaster 700 a rest period of at least two weeks should thus be obsered from the time the contact lens is re - moved to the time of measurement . ”这个句子时,考虑到这类文本的 特点和目标读者的阅读习惯,作者运用分句法的翻译技巧来完成英 汉的 目 。 一 , 长句 词义和语 结构分为 个部分,可以用这种方式表达得更清楚、更准确。因此,笔者将上述例 句分为三个简短的汉语句子,更符合中国人的语言习惯和思维方 式。翻译出来的汉语句子为% “如果使用IOLMaster 700对佩戴软性 隐形眼镜的眼睛进行测量,应当摘掉眼镜,至少休息两周后才能 测量。” 祈使句在科技英语中经常使用,主要表现为请求、命令、警告 和禁止。这种句式结构简练,句子中的动词能引起读者的注意。例如 “Indicates a hazardous situation which may result in death or serious injury i the appropriate safety precautions are no 示如果没有遵守正确的安全预防措施,可能会导致死亡或严重伤害 身体的危险情况。”在这句话中,用户被警告说,如果他们不注意 安全预防措施,他们可能会受到严重的伤害,甚至可能会因此而死 亡。使用祈使句来强调警告的重要性,并成功地吸引了用户的注意 力,这正是产品手册想要传递给读者的信息。例如“Do not perform any contact measurements or examinations in which th 这个句子翻译为“请勿进行任何会接触患者眼睛的接触式测量或检 查。”这个句子也是祈使句,但它用否定形式。该句采用“do + not ” 的结构来唤起读者的注意,强调和强化禁止和警示的效果。根据这 句话的目的和中国人的习惯,“不”被翻译成“动词”。考虑到汉语 语法,定语从句在“测量或检查”之前被翻译。 3 语篇布局程式化 在科技英语文本中,以说明书类文本的语篇布局特点较为明 显。一般来说,用户手册包括七个部分:介绍、仪器的描述、安 装、功能和使用、故障排除、维护和附录。第一部分主要介绍了产 品的特点,特别是为什么它优于同行和部件的升级。第二部分包括 产品各部分和附件的具体信息。通过图片、图表、符号以及文字描 述生动地说明了这一点。为了便于运输,许多设备分为很多小包装 部分。因此,仪器的安装对于用户来说尤其重要,尤其是一些复杂 仪器的安装。功能和使用也是重要的组成部分。它提供了设备的详 细功能,以便用户知道如何使用它。在故障排除部分,手册中列出 了可能出现的各种问题,分析原因并指导用户解决,使仪器能正常 工作,给患者带来效益。维修部分告诉用户如何避免因粗心造成的 潜在损坏,并安全正确地使用仪表,并指出维修中应注意的事项。 最后一部分是一个附录,它提供用户需要的信息,并为用户提供一 些专业词汇,有时还包括必要的联系信息,如公司地址、电话号 码、电子邮件地址、传真等。科技英语文本这一领域,在科技发展日新月异的今天地位越来 越重要。就科技英语的用途和特点而言,译者在翻译此类文本时, 应遵循;“准确规范,通顺易懂,简洁明晰的”的标准。根据翻译 的具体需求,结合目的论和功能对等论等翻译理论,灵活运用各种 翻译技巧,在大量实践中,总结经验,提升科技英语翻译水平,与 。 作者简介:孙梦圆(1993 -),女,汉族,山东滨州人,翻译硕士,研究方向:英语笔译。 145

科技翻译策略

科技文体崇尚严谨周密,概念准确,逻辑性强,行文简练,重点突出,句式严整,少有变化,常用前置性陈述,即在句中将主要信息尽量前置,通过主语传递主要信息。科技文章文体的特点是:清晰、准确、精练、严密。那末,科技文章的语言结构特色在翻译过程中如何处理,这是进行英汉科技翻译时需要探讨的问题。现分述如下: 一、大量使用名词化结构 《当代英语语法》(A Grammar of Contemporary)在论述科技英语时提出,大量使用名词化结构(Nominalization)是科技英语的特点之一。因为科技文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实。而非某一行为。 Archimedes first discovered the principle of displacementof water by solid bodies. 阿基米德最先发展固体潘?脑?怼?lt;BR>句中of displacementof water by solid bodies 系名词化结构,一方面简化了同位语从句,另一方强调displacement 这一事实。 The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night. 地球绕轴自转,引起昼夜的变化。 名词化结构the rotation of the earth on its own axis 使复合句简化成简单句,而且使表达的概念更加确切严密。 If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler, the heat loss, can be considerably reduced. 炉壁采用耐火砖可大大降低热耗。 科技英语所表述的是客观规律,因之要尽量避免使用第一、二人称;此外,要使主要的信息置于句首。 Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 电视通过无线电波发射和接受活动物体的图象。 名词化结构the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves 强调客观事实,而"谓语动词则着重其发射和接受的能力。 二、广泛使用被动语句 根据英国利兹大学John Swales 的统计,科技英语中的谓语至少三分之一是被动态。这是因为科技文章侧重叙事推理,强调客观准确。第一、二人称使用过多,会造成主观臆断的印象。因此尽量使用第三人称叙述,采用被动语态,例如:Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。而很少说:You must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine .你们必须注意机器的工作温度。此外,如前所述,科技文章将主要信息前置,放在主语部份。这也是广泛使用被动态的主要原因。试观察并比较下列两段短文的主语。 We can store electrical energy in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. We call such a device a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy capacitance .It is measured in farads. 电能可储存在由一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属极板内。这样的装置称之为电容器,其储存电能的能力称为电容。电容的测量单位是法拉。 这一段短文中各句的主语分别为: Electrical energy Such a device Its ability to store electrical energy

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